CONTENTS

Acknowledgements xiii
Editors acknowledgements xv
Chronological Table of reprinted chapters and articles xvii

General introduction 1
GAVIN N. PICKEN

VOLUME I ORIGINS AND SOURCES

PARTI
The primacy of revelation 31

1 The contribution of the Qur'än and the Prophet to

the development of Islamic fiqh 33
ZAFAR ISHAQ ANSARI

2 On the sources of Islamic law and practices 62

AHMED SOUAIAIA

PART 2
The Qur'än 85
3 La place du Coran dans les usül al-fiqh d'apres le Muhallä
d'Ibn Hazm 87
ROGER ARNALDEZ
4 The exegesis of Q. 2:106 and the Islamic theories of naskh: mä
nansakh min äya aw nansahä na'ti bi khairin minhä aw mithlihä 94
JOHN BURTON

digitalisiert durch:
Islamic law IDS Luzern
2011
 CONTENTS

5 Ahmad ibn Hanbai and the Qur'än 117

CHRISTOPHER MELCHERT

PART 3

Hadith and Sunna 131

6 The authenticity of prophetic hadith: a pseudo-problem 133
WAEL B. HALLAQ

7 Twelver SI'l hadit from tradition to contemporary

evaluations 149
SAIYAD NIZAMUDDIN AHMAD

8 'An innovation from the time of the BanI Häshim':

some reflections on the tasllm at the end of the prayer 170
YASIN DUTTON

9 Divorce, A«</FfA-scholar style: from al-Därimi to al-Tirmidhi 196

SCOTT C. LUCAS

PART 4

Ijmä' 235
10 On the authoritativeness of Sunni consensus 237

WAEL B. HALLAQ

PART 5

Qiyäs 269
11 'lila and qiyäs in early Islamic legal theory 271

NABIL SHEHABY

PART 6

Subsidiary sources of law 303

12 'Urfaad 'adah within the framework of al-Shatibi's legal
methodology 305
AYMAN SHABANA
13 A reality check on istihsan as a method of Islamic legal reasoning 319
JOHN MAKDISI

VI
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PART 7
Ijtihäd 347

14 Q. 21:78-9: a Qur'anic basis for ijtihäd! 349

HAMID ALGAR

15 La problematique classique de Yijtihäd et la question de Yijtihäd

du Prophete: ijtihäd, wahy et 'isma 371
ERIC CHAUMONT

VOLUME II THE GENESIS OF LEGAL THEORY AND

THE SCHOOLS OF LAW

Acknowledgements vii

PART 8
Mälik b. Anas (d. 179/795) and the Muwatta' 1

16 Juridical practice and Madinan 'amal: qadä' in

the Muwatta' of Mälik 3
YASIN DUTTON

17 The Prophet and the cat: on dating Mälik's Muwatta' and

legal traditions 22
HARALD MOTZKI

18 On dating Malik's Muwatta 85

WAEL B. HALLAQ

PART 9
Al-ShäfiT (d. 204/820) 103

19 Was al-Shafi'i the master architect of Islamic jurisprudence? 105

WAEL B. HALLAQ

20 Setting the record straight: Ibn al-Labbäd's Refutation

ofal-Shäfi'l 127
SHERMAN A. JACKSON
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21 Ibn Qutayba: the earliest witness to al-Shäfi'T and his

legal doctrines 150

JOSEPH E. LOWRY

PART 10

Contemporaneous juristic activity 167

22 Der Fiqh des -Zuhrl: die Quellenproblematik 169
HARALD MOTZKI

23 Early Islamic jurisprudence in Egypt: two scholars and

their mukhtasars 209
JONATHAN E. BROCKOPP

24 Between Hadith and fiqh: the "canonical" Imämi

collections of akhbär 229
ROBERT GLEAVE

25 Traditionist-jurisprudents and the framing of Islamic law 260

CHRISTOPHER MELCHERT

26 Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari's al-Bayän

'an Usül al-Ahkäm and the genre of Usül al-Fiqh
in ninth Century Baghdad 282
DEVIN J. STEWART

PART 11
Evolution of the schools 309

27 How Hanafism came to originate in Kufa and

traditionalism in Medina 311
CHRISTOPHER MELCHERT

28 Schools of law and historical context: re-examining

the formation of the HanbalT madhhab 338
NIMROD HURVITZ

29 From regional to personal schools of law? A reevaluation 363

WAEL B. HALLAQ
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VOLUME III CONSOLIDATION AND 'STAGNATION'

Acknowledgements vii

PART 12
Ijtihäd and Taqlld 1

30 Was the gate of ijtihäd closed? 3

WAEL B. HALLAQ

31 Doubt and prerogative: the emergence of an Imäml ShI'I

theory of ijtihäd 48
NORMAN CALDER

32 The social logic of taqlld and the rise of the mukhatasar 66

MOHAMMAD FADEL

PART 13
Muftis and qädis 105

33 Usül al-fiqh: beyond tradition 107

WAEL B. HALLAQ

34 From prophetic actions to constitutional theory: a novel chapter

in medieval Muslim jurisprudence 135
SHERMAN A. JACKSON

35 The primacy of domestic politics: Ibn Bint al-A'azz and

the establishment of four chief judgeships in Mamlük Egypt 159
SHERMAN A. JACKSON

36 The qäaTs dlwän (sijill) before the Ottomans 182

WAEL B. HALLAQ

37 Qädis communicating: legal change and the law of

documentary evidence 211
WAEL B. HALLAQ

38 Ibn Taymiyya on astrology: annotated translation of

three fatwas 240
YAHYA J. MICHOT
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39 Judging with God's law on earth: judicial powers of the

qädi al-jamä'a of Cordoba in thefifth/eleventhCentury 295
CHRISTIAN MÜLLER

40 Hisba and the problem of overlapping jurisdictions:

an introduction to, and translation of, Hisba diplomas in
Qalqashandl's Subh al-a'shä 320
CHRISTIAN LANGE

PART 14
Consolidation of the schools 343

41 The significance of the Sunni schools of law in Islamic

religious history 345
GEORGE MAKDISI

42 TaÄagäf-biography: law and orthodoxy in classical Islam 354

GEORGE MAKDISI

43 Charismatic scripturalism: the Hanball Maqdisls

of Damascus 380
STEFAN LEDER

44 The emergence of fiqh as a distinct discipline and the ethnic

identity of the fuqahä' in early and classical Islam 402
JOHN A. NA WAS

VOLUME IV ISLAMIC LAW IN THE MODERN WORLD

Acknowledgements vii

PART 15
Islamic law and the State 1

45 Accommodation and revolution in Imami Shi'i jurisprudence:

Khumayni and the classical tradition 3
NORMAN CALDER

46 Shari'a and State in the modern Muslim Middle East 23

NATHAN J. BROWN
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47 Comparative political theory: an Islamic fundamentalist critique

of rationalism 45
ROXANNE L. EUBEN

48 Juristic authority vs. State power: the legal crises of modern Islam 75

WAEL B. HALLAQ

PART 16
The reconstruction of tradition 91
49 Al-SanhürT's reconstruction of the Islamic law of contract defects 93
OUSSAMA ARABI

50 Islamic and secular criminal law in nineteenth Century Egypt:

the role and function of the qadi 112
RUDOLPH PETERS

51 Contract stipulations (shurüt) in Islamic law: the Ottoman

Majalla and Ibn Taymiyya 133
OUSSAMA ARABI

52 The dawning of the third millennium on shari'a: Egypt's Law

no. 1 of 2000, or women may divorce at will 161
OUSSAMA ARABI

53 Appropriating the past: twentieth-century reconstruction of

pre-modern Islamic thought 184
AHMAD DALLAL

54 Modern SI'i discussions of habar al-wähid: Sädr,

Humaynl and Hü'I 215
ROBERT GLEAVE

55 Jihad and the modern world 233

SHERMAN A. JACKSON

56 The modern debate over riba in Egypt 255

EMAD H. KHALIL AND ABDULKADER THOMAS

57 The shifting moral universes of the Islamic tradition of iftä':

a diachronic study of four adab al-fatwä manuals 285
ALEXANDRE CAEIRO

58 Maqäsid al-shari'a: epistemology and hermeneutics of

Muslim theologies of human rights 309
DAVID L. JOHNSTON

XI
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PART 17
The study of Islamic law in the West 345

59 The quest for origins or doctrine? Islamic legal studies as

colonialist discourse 347
WAEL B. HALLAQ

60 The Hanbali school of law in the light of contemporary

Western studies 376
ABDUL HAKIM I. AL-MATROUDI

Index 433