Académique Documents
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Introduction
Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. said: "If a man is called to be a street
sweeper he should sweep streets as Michelangelo painted, or Beethoven
composed music, or Shakespeare wrote poetry. He should sweep streets
so well that all the hosts of heaven and earth will pause to say, here lives
a great street sweeper who did his job well".1 Whatever status in life, it
has no boundaries to fulfil your dreams. We are all capable to create a
bridge that will serve as a stepping stone that will pursue our plan to be
a better individual. Each of us has a different role in the society. We tend
to focus on our aim that is designed in our goal. Street sweepers is one of
the best illustration that suites to Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. quotation.
A city without sweepers or with bad sweepers is a den of poison and
death of physical and moral barbarity.2 Street sweeper has a vital role in
the society. They maintain cleanliness in every corner of each barangay
along the Metro. In order to keep the cleanliness of the environment,
someone who is passionate enough and willing to do this task
thoroughly. Monitoring and maintaining each community’s cleanliness
follow the standard of environmental agencies that are assigned to
govern the environment. Cleaning clogged creeks, sweeping dirt and
putting all things in order are stated on their job description, they are
also responsible for the maintenance of street alley and center isle of the
local and national road of government projects.
1 Garris . (2006),The Words of Rev. Matin Luther King Jr., section 1, para.1.
2 De leon M. (2013), The Street sweeper: Quezon City: Asian Journal.
As far as the barangay is concerned with regards to the cleanliness
and overall maintenance of the community, the local government
specially the Department of Public Services (DPS) with the collaboration
of Manila Barangay Bureau (MBB) assigned to take in charge of all the
barangay chairman of Manila to hire street sweepers prior to the
agreement between the barangay and local government. Yet sometimes
there are some orders coming from Manila City Hall for special purposes,
like the feast of Nazarene, Holiday season, New Year, and other special
occasions, and for some instances natural phenomena occur like
typhoons, floods and a like. Based on the House Bill No. 3434, An act
instituting policies for the protection and welfare of the cleaning workers
such as street sweepers and garbage collectors.
The proposed house bill stated that the street sweeping and garbage
collecting may be considered as demeaning jobs as they involve the filth
people produce. Menial as it is to many, without cleaning workers, our
community will become a land full of trash that can cause illneses and
cruelty in the environment however, most cleaning workers are employed
on a contractual or seasonal basis. Those hired by local government
units receive salaries or wages drawn from the maintenance and other
operating expenses of the hiring offices. They cannot be hired on regular
basis or be considered government employees because many government
units hiring them have reached the ceiling for personnel services as
prescribed by the Department of Budget and Management.1
Despite of bravery, passion, and hard work, the street sweepers
faces difficulties in maintaining cleanliness in every street and alleys in a
community. In their every demurral along streets and national roads,
their safety is at risk because of being prone from different forms of
accidents and diseases. Each street sweeper follows necessary pre-
cautionary measures to prevent them from those incidents. Sometimes,
1
Rep. Robles F. (2016), Cleaning Wokers Act, Quezon City: House Bill.
we often ignore how tough it is to be a street sweeper. We don’t even care
if we just throw away our trashes wherever we want because we are
stuck with the thought of there is someone who will patiently picking up
and cleaning up all those waste materials. Apparently they should only
work for 3 hours a day. However, there are times that they are extending
their working hours just to polish the cleanliness before leaving their
duties in a particular area.
Initiative and discipline are both essential to ensure that our
community is always be in order. Imagine a barangay without street
sweeper, what will happen next? Of course the community will have a
polluted creeks and mountain of trashes. We should always consider
that even without this people we can play our role as a good citizen who
understands the morality of good behaviour.
The focus of this study is the difficulties of each street sweepers and
how they faced the everyday challenges between the community, safety,
job, and their co-workers which generally contributes to their holistic
productivity and coping with the society.
1
RA 7924, (1995) An Act Creating the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority,
Defining Its Powers and Functions, Providing Funding Therefor and for Other Purposes.
1, 1973, ordained by the Municipal Board of the city an ordinance
creating a Manila Barangay Bureau and appropriating funds needed
where for from December 01, 1973 to June 30 1974.1 The ordinance
provides an allocation of budget in all barangay and district in Manila
including the salaries and wages as well as other expenditures, of the
Manila Barangay Bureau and the barangay personnel.
The said ordinance also provide the proper distribution of budgets to
ensure that every barangay in Manila will sustain their needs and give
enough funds to the projects and social services in their respective
barangay. One of the top priorities of the MBB is to maintain cleanliness
and monitor the overall order in every barangay which will be done by
hiring or appointing a street sweeper. This is also an opportunity to each
barangay to provide job opportunities to their constituents in order to
sustain their everyday living. In establishing the MBB, they ensure that
every street sweeper and barangay personnel have provided enough
benefits and salary that came from the local funds.
In October 6, 1992 the city council of Manila approved the
Ordinance No. 770 or “An ordinance creating the Department of Public
Services: Defining its functions and prescribing its staffing pattern, and
for other purposes”.2
This ordinance promote to discharge the functions related to solid
waste management and environmental sanitation, and the efficient
perform of the functions of the Department, the organizational structure
of the Department of Public Services, which is also includes the
monitoring, hiring and deploying street sweepers which will be
coordinated to the barangay will hire directly from their respective
community.
1
Astals, C. (2001), Manila’s Millennium Compilation of Ordinances: City of Manila;
Mario Astals foundation Inc.
2 Ibid
Until today the local government of Manila with the collaboration of
the Manila Barangay Bureau and Department of Public Services
effectively implement the monitoring and establishing a “clean and green”
advocacy in all barangays and strictly follows and supports the rules of
each ordinance, and continuously promotes cleanliness by providing
personnel’s like street sweeper.
The researcher conducts a study in Barangay 118, Zone 9, District
1, Rawis, Quiapo Manila, which has a total population of 8,809 and total
population as per number of household per barangay is 280 and land
area of 32, 592.544 square meter.
Theoretical Framework
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this study is to understand the difficulties of five (5) adult
street sweepers along Barangay 390, Zone 40, Plaza del Carmen st. Quiapo
Manila, in maintaining cleanliness in their workplace.
Conceptual Framework
RESEARCH QUESTION
Central Question
1. What are the difficulties faced by the five adult street sweepers in
maintaining cleanliness in Barangay 390, Zone 40, Plaza del
Carmen st. Quiapo Manila
2. Issue Sub-Question
1. How are the difficulties of five adult street sweepers of Barangay
390, Zone 40, Plaza del Carmen st. Quiapo Manila, in maintaining
cleanliness affected their performance in their job?
The researcher aim to limit its scope to the difficulties of five adult
street sweepers in maintaining cleanliness along Barangay 390, Zone 40,
Plaza del Carmen st. Quiapo Manila., which focuses on how the local
government units of Manila reaches its goal productivity in terms of
effective monitoring of maintaining cleanliness of each barangay
particularly on Barangay 390 Plaza del Carmen street. Quiapo Manila
The scope of this study is to understand the difficulties of every street
sweeper and how are they going to face each challenges in their everyday
task.
This study will understand the difficulties of their performance to
their job performance, safety, co-workers and the role in the community,
which may manifest to their overall productivity to perform their duties,
and how are they going to adapt certain actions that will effectively not
create an impact to their overall performance. The safety of each street
sweepers should be discuss because if were talking about Tondo, the
first impression of some people that it is a place of disorganized a place
where criminals were born or a place where different forms of trouble
occurs.
The researcher will personally conduct an observation and an
interview to understand the difficulties of street sweepers and identify
the situation that focuses on maintaining cleanliness. Barangay 390,
Zone 40, Plaza del Carmen st. Quiapo Manila is a part of Manila which
typically inhabited by large numbers people. This place is crowded, many
houses are compress and sometimes one big family is living in a one roof.
Some of the residents are poor which somehow commits crime and often
they target everyone just only to survive.
Definition of Terms
To make the study clear the following terms and phrases are defined
in accordance with their usage in this study. The following terms are
operationally defined:
A. Related Literature
Foreign
1
Conant J. (2005); Sanitation and Cleanliness for a Healthy Environment; California
USA; Hesperian Foundation Press.
2 Walker T.A et.al, (1999); Effectiveness of street sweeping for storm water pollution
1Congress of the Philippines, (2000); Republic Act No. 9003 or An act providing for an
ecological waste management program, creating the necessary institutional
mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties,
appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes. Metro Manila, House of
Representative.
mainly comes from tanneries, textile and electronics recycling industries
operating close to river. The residents no longer catch fish from the river
which contains toxic chemicals. The governor asks everyone to join
efforts retrieve and save the silted water system in the province to ensure
public safety and economic progress.1 The writer stated that in Bulacan,
there is an existing ordinance that provides an essential participation to
ensure that all the garbage will be collected will be disposed and
segregated to avoid clogging to every rivers in Bulacan which has a big
implication to their everyday life, and it has also a big impact to their
health. The governor of Bulacan seconded that the result of improper
waste disposal will lead to contamination and silted of every river, which
is one of the vast problems in the province of Bulacan.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) revealed that out of 4,000 tons
of garbage generated daily, only about 3,400 tons are collected. The
remaining 600 tons cause floods and pollution which pose a serious
threat to the people’s health.2 According to ADB, this was conducted in
every community in Metro Manila which has a dense population. This
study was able to identify the problems of the urban areas, which is the
improper disposal of garbage that causes clogging of canals during rainy
season. The severe effect of this phenomenon targeted the health of every
individual that experiencing the above problem.
The authors of the local literature deals mainly on the discussions of
the current issues concerning to the community cleanliness, the impact
of polluted environment may manifest to the overall on how they are
going to maintain and monitor cleanliness in the community. The
implementation of the different laws and ordinances that protects the
condition of the environment will beneficial to the people of the different
community throughout the country.
1
Velez, F. (2016). Manila Bulletin, Intramuros Manila, Manila Bulletin Publishing
Corporation.
2
Asian Development Bank (2016)
B. Related Studies
Local
Davao's policy on cleanliness did not just came in shape at the time
the Davao City Ecological Solid Waste Ordinance of 2009 was
implemented. As early as 1948, the city introduced an ordinance that
regulates the disposal of human waste manure, garbage, refuse and
ashes, and domestic animal. Later in 1991, it banned residence from
littering, scattering, and carelessly disposing waste materials, refuse, and
other unsanitary items in streets, parks, public building, and other
public areas. In 2002, it legislated the creation of an Ecological Solid
Waste Management Board, a body tasked to devise measures for a safe
and sanitary management of solid wastes. In 2004, barangays were
mandated to implement a solid waste management program.1
Community cleanliness development involves community
participation. This was elicited in Barrio Pitogo by promoting a
community cleanliness contest wherein financial incentives were
produced. In addition to this, different activities were also introduced by
the Rotary Club to spark the interest of the community residents and
enhance the program’s activities in the area. The said program helps the
community of Barrio Pitogo especially the people which provide a
incentives or token to those residents and barangay that maintain
cleanliness and proper waste disposal.2
The GSO employees believed that the Baguio City aides have most
significantly performed their obligations in keeping the sidewalk clean
and dry and consistently collecting garbage. However, they believed that
the aides only moderately performed in their duties to remove and
Foreign
of Florida.
Good relations with the community make them aware of important
values with regard to environmental aspects are to be maintained. Strict
formation of eco-clubs and endorsement of responsibility to perform the
activities would yield proper results and give scope to the other
individual to follow the same through which they would find out the
importance of environmental values. Conducting co-curricular activities
gives proper message to perform the activity and give scope to observe
the principle involved. The printed media and community are to be
utilized for acquisition of knowledge and skills required for living eco-
friendly.1 The researcher stated that good relations in the community
prior to maintain cleanliness is essential to secure the environment and
at the same time to minimize the possibility of acquiring related health
issues. The duties and responsibilities of every individual to perform
their obligations to their community to implement the campaign and to
maintain cleanliness.
The Anti-Litterbugs Campaign, in reality, seeks to change various
groups of people’s perception on littering. Firstly, it changes the
perceptions of the general public on littering. Before this, people always
point their fingers on the local authority when they see rubbish. They
would blame the authority for their apparent failure to keep the city
clean. However, the emphasis on targeting the litterbugs under the Anti-
litter bugs Campaign makes people shift the blame now to the litterbugs.
The second group of people whose perception is changed by the
campaign is the litterbugs themselves. Before this, they were not the
explicit targets of the efforts and campaigns of the authorities in their
endeavour to maintain cleanliness in their areas of jurisdiction. The
officials of the local authorities are the third group of people whose
perceptions are changed by the Anti-Litterbugs Campaign. Before this,
their preoccupation was to pick up rubbish thrown out by people
1. The researcher personally visits the site in order to see the vicinity
and give the necessary letter for the barangay chairman
2. The researcher visited different libraries private and government
operated libraries.
3. The researcher chooses a gatekeeper which is information rich and
works in the barangay in a long period of time.
4. The researcher gathered necessary information about the phenomena
from different libraries, data bases and web sites to have a deeper
knowledge about the participants.
5. The researcher will give the letter to the participants prior to the date
of the interview.
6. The interview will be conducted in the vicinity of the barangay.
7. The researcher will use his phone recorder to record the interview.
8. The researcher will capture photos of the interview when it is on-going.
9. The researcher will use one-on-one interview as the type of interview
to better communicate with the participants.
10. The researcher will give a questionnaire to have the background
information of the participants.
11. The site will be observed if the letter is signed as signal to conduct an
observation.
12. The data that will be collected is to be summarize from the
participants and will give conclusion, analysis and recommendation on
the proceeding chapters.
13. The researcher will show evidences of the study that is conducted.
By dividing all the data that is related or connected to each other, the
researcher explores and code the data. It consist of exploring the data to
obtain a general sense of the data, taking notes of ideas, thinking about
the organization of the data and considering whether the researcher need
more data. Coding process will help the researcher to determine the
themes of the said study. These themes are similar codes aggregated
together to form a major idea in the database. By layering the theme, the
researcher come up with the interview and transcription of data. After
that he used segments to come up with three themes that the researcher
will make a categories based on the themes.
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA