1. Mention the factors of specific heat depend on?

A. Specific heat depends on three factors 1. The change in temperature 2. The mass of
the system 3. The substance and phase of the substance.
2. Write two methods to avoid corrosion?
A. Painting, plating are the two methods to avoid corrosion.
3. Give important uses of washing soda and baking soda?
A. Two important uses of washing soda
(i) It is used in the manufacture of soap and glass.
(ii) It is used to remove the permanent hardness of water.
Two important uses of baking soda
(i) It is used for making baking powder.
(ii) It is used in soda- fire extinguishers.
4. How much energy is transferred when1g of boiling water at 1000C condenses to
water 1000C?
A. We know that latent heat of vaporization of water (L) = 540 cal/g

Mass of heat (m) = 1g

Energy transfer (Q) = mL
= 1 X 540
= 540 cal.

Hence the heat energy transferred when 1g of boiling water at 1000C condenses to
water 1000C is 540cal.
5. Balance the equations
1. Pb(NO3)2 → PbO + NO2 + O2
2. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

1. Pb(NO3)2 → PbO + NO2 + O2

i. Check the Pb first
Pb(NO3)2 → PbO + NO2 + O2
ii. Check N next
Pb(NO3)2 → PbO + 2NO2 + O2
iii. Finally check O
Pb(NO3)2 → PbO + 2NO2 + 1/2O2
iv. Check that there are no fractions
2Pb(NO3)2 → 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
3. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
i. Check the C first
6CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
ii. Check H next
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
iii. Finally check O
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 +6 O2
iv. Check that there are no fractions
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 +6 O2
 6. Draw the ray of concave between F & P?

7. Define acid base reaction?

A. Neutralization reaction:- The reaction between an acid and base to form salt and water
is called neutralization reaction.

Acid + base → Salt + Water

Ex:- HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

8. Define specific heat?

1. Apparatus – explain about calorimeter
2. Principle

2A)The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise
one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius. Water, for example, has a specific

heat capacity of 4.18 . This means to heat one gram of water by one degree
Celsius, it would require 4.18 joules of energy.

s = specific heat capacity (sometimes represented by the letter c, or Cs)

q = heat
m = mass
Δ T = change in temperature

11. Water of crystallisation

A. The water molecules which form part of the structure of a crystal are called water of
crystallisation.
The salts which contain water of crystallisation are called hydrated salts.
For Ex:
1) Copper Sulphate crystals contain 5 molecules of water of crystallisation (CuSO4.5H2O)
It is blue in colour.
2) Sodium carbonate crystals contains 10 molecules of water of crystallisation
(Na2CO3.10H2O)

3) Calcium sulphate crystals contains 2 molecules of water of crystallisation (CaSO4.2H20)

The water of crystallisation gives the crystals of the salts their shape and colour.

When hydrated salts are heated strongly, they lose their water of crystallisation. By losing
water of crystallisation, the hydrated salts lose their regular shape and colour, and become
colourless powdery substances,

The salts which have lost their water of crystallisation are called anhydrous salts.

For Ex: Copper sulphate crystals are blue in colour. When copper sulphate crystals are heated
strongly, they lose water of crystallisation and form anhydrous copper sulphate which is
white in colour.