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Machine Vibration
Variables with a
SIPLUS SM 1281
Condition
Monitoring System
Siemens
SIPLUS SM 1281, SIMATIC S7-1200 Industry
Online
https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/109480750 Support
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
To protect a machine efficiently against mechanical damage during operation and
detect such damages at an early stage, the machine has to be monitored
permanently.
Mechanical vibrations are crucial in this context. Vibrations are caused mainly by
centrifugal forces at rotating machine parts.
This can be due to:
Unbalance
Improper alignment of machine trains
Bearing-related damage
Transmission faults
Magnetic, hydraulic and other function-related changing forces
Assumed knowledge
The following basic knowledge is assumed:
SIMATIC controllers
STEP 7 programming
WinCC
Monitoring is done via the SIPLUS CMS1200 Condition Monitoring System with the
SM 1281 module. Specifically developed for connection to the SIMATIC S7-1200,
the monitoring thus can be seamlessly integrated into the automation process.
The figure below shows a schematic overview of the most important components of
the solution:
1 2
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6 7 8 9 10
Vibration sensor
The SM 1281 uses a vibration sensor to monitor the vibrations at the shaft end
bearing.
When commissioning the machine, the status under normal operating conditions is
determined. From the characteristic values measured, the user defines the warning
and alarm limits and stores them in the SM 1281.
During operation, the vibrations at the machine are monitored permanently and the
status is reported to the user via an HMI. Warnings and alarms are generated if the
set limit values are exceeded.
checked for the configured limits. When limits are violated, the corresponding
messages are generated and the parameterized response is executed. A function
block enables the control program to access the messages.
The measured variables are cyclically transmitted to the controller and recorded as
a trend curve in the SM 1281. The trend curves can be displayed via the integrated
web server.
Note This application example focuses on starting up the SM 1281 and its monitoring
mode. Additional operating modes can be found in the SM 1281 operating
instructions:
https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/109481490
Threshold monitoring
To monitor RMS characteristic values, you can define threshold and hysteresis
values. Threshold values are only applicable for warning and alarm limits per
characteristic value.
RMS monitoring
The SM 1281 enables the calculation of the characteristic values aRMS and vRMS:
vRMS is calculated based on the RMS value of vibration velocity.
aRMS is calculated based on the RMS value of vibration acceleration.
Hysteresis
For the monitoring of vRMS and aRMS, three successive values that exceed the
threshold must be present to trigger a warning or alarm. Accordingly, three
successive values that fall below the threshold (including the absolute value
hysteresis) must be present for the warning or alarm to disappear again.
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PLC
The library “SM1281_Library” of the SM 1281 signal module was used for this
application example. It contains program blocks and HMI text lists. The library
enables the functions of the SM 1281 to be integrated easily into the user's control
program. Blocks and data types which are part of the library carry the prefix
“SM1281” in their name. Further information on the library "SM1281_Library" can
be found in chapter 3.5.
The user program in this application example has a modular structure so that
further modules can be added easily.
SM1281_
OB1 CMS
Module
SM1281_
Channel
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SM1281_
Channel
SM1281_
PlcHmi
Channel
SM1281_
Channel
Prepare
CMSData
ForHMI
SINA_
Drive
SPEED
Prepare
DriveData
ForHMI
HMI
The SM 1281 is configured, operated and monitored via an HMI. Visualization
consists of the following screens:
To make sure that further modules can be added to the application example, the
following faceplates have been created in the project:
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Components used
This application example has been created with the following hardware and
software components:
Note The functionality was tested with the hardware components specified. Similar
products that are not included in the above list can also be used. In this case,
please note that changes to the example code (e. g. different addresses) may
become necessary.
2 Engineering
2.1 Hardware setup
The figure below shows the hardware setup of the application.
L+ M L+ M
+ - +UB Ǭ 0 V Ǫ
Vibrations- Lichtschranke
sensor GLV18
Note You can specify the IP address of the web server of the SM 1281 at the
parameter "IPAddress" of the FB "SM1281_Module" or via the HMI (see chapter
2.4.2).
2.2 Configuration
The following instructions describe the procedure for TIA Portal V13 SP1, but also
applies to TIA Portal V14 and higher.
2.2.1 Preparation
5. Select the HSP from the list and then click “Install”.
Figure 2-4
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5. Select the CPU based on the IP or MAC address and then click “Load”.
Note The IP address and the device name are automatically assigned when
downloading the project into the CPU.
Figure 2-5
6. Confirm the dialog by clicking “Load”. If the CPU is presently not in STOP, it
has to be stopped.
Figure 2-6
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1. Make sure that the HMI is in transfer mode or automatic transfer is allowed.
2. Right-click “TP1200 [TP1200 Comfort]” in the project tree and then “Download
to device > Hardware and Software (only changes)”.
3. Select the corresponding interface and click “Start search”.
4. Select the HMI based on the IP or MAC address and click “Load”.
Figure 2-7
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2.3 Commissioning
Below we will explain how you can determine limits for warnings and alarms for
your machine.
To detect wear and damages at the machine, we need to know the vibration
variables in the normal operating state. Therefore, the vibration variables are
measured during commissioning and are used as the basic values to calculate
warning and alarm limits.
Therefore, measure the vibration variables during commissioning and adjust the
warning and alarm limits correspondingly. A detailed instruction is given in chapter
2.4 Operation.
We will show how to determine the warning and alarm limits using an example. The
machine in our example has the following properties:
The motor capacity is 20 kW.
The motor is mounted on a soft foundation.
The following guide values apply for this type of machines according to DIN ISO
10816-3:
As no experience values are available at the beginning, the value measured when
determining the normal operating state is used as the basic value. A basic value of
0.8 mm/s is measured for the machine in the example.
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
𝑊𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 0.8 + (0.25 ∗ 4.5 )
𝑠 𝑠
𝒎𝒎
𝑾𝒂𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒗𝑹𝑴𝑺 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟐𝟓
𝒔
𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒎 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒗𝑹𝑴𝑺 = 𝟕. 𝟏
𝒔
𝑚
𝑊𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 1
𝑠2
𝒎
𝑾𝒂𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒂𝑹𝑴𝑺 = 𝟏. 𝟖
𝒔²
Now adjust the determined warning and alarm limits as shown in chapter 2.4.3.
Note In a real application, fixed warning and alarm limits are not sufficient for all
operating modes of a machine. For this, create e. g. an operating mode table
containing the warning and alarm limits depending on the speed and load in a
data block of the CPU.
Note Over time, the machine will undergo transient oscillations and the warning and
alarm limits should be adjusted.
2.4 Operation
2.4.1 Notes on setting parameters
Static parameters
The parameters at the block interfaces are generally transmitted to the SM 1281
upon request only. All parameters at the input parameters of the blocks
“SM1281_Module” and “SM1281_Channel” are transmitted to the SM 1281 by a
positive edge at the input parameter “SetAllParameters”.
Depending on the current operating mode of the SM 1281, the operating mode is
changed automatically in the process. This is necessary, because some
parameters cannot be transferred into the SM 1281 in a RUN state. Following
successful transfer of the parameters to the SM 1281, the operating mode that was
active prior to the parameter transfer is restored.
If the parameters were not transferred successfully, an error message is generated
at the output parameter “OpModeChangeStatus” of the “SM1281_Module” block as
for a failed change of the operating mode and is displayed on the top right of each
screen.
Dynamic parameters
Besides the option to transmit all parameters to the SM 1281, you can also transfer
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just the so-called dynamic parameters. The dynamic parameters at the input
parameters of the functions “SM1281_Channel” are transmitted to the SM 1281 by
a positive edge at the input parameter “SetDynParameters”.
These parameters can also be transmitted in the status “RUN: Monitoring” and
“RUN: INHIBITED" without the SM 1281 having to switch the operating mode into
stop mode.
3. Tap "OK".
The operating mode is changed. The status is displayed in the text box below.
Tap the “Act. Values” button and read the measured values for the corresponding
channel.
Figure 2-12: Measured values vRMS and aRMS in case of the vRMS warning limit being
exceeded
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Note The indicators of the spectra only show a status if frequency-selective monitoring
is activated in the SM 1281.
With each successful transition to the “RUN: MONITORING” operating mode, the
parameters last sent to the SM 1281 are automatically checked for validity. If the
parameters are valid, they are backed up in the remanent data block
“SM1281_Backup”. If the parameters are invalid, an error message occurs in the
HMI and in the message system of the SM 1281 and the SM 1281 remains in the
operating mode "STOP: READY".
After a restart of the CPU or faulty parameterization, you can restore the saved
parameters.
Figure 2-13
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The SM 1281 switches to the “STOP: CONFIGURATION” mode and sets the
parameters. Subsequently, it changes back to the last operating mode.
3 Valuable Information
3.1 Basic terms
CMS
CMS stands for Condition Monitoring System.
IEPE
IEPE stands for Integrated Electronics Piezo Electric. It is an industry standard for
piezoelectric sensors with built-in impedance converter electronics. They can be
sensors for acceleration, force and pressure.
RMS
RMS stands for Root Mean Square. In the quadratic mean, bigger values usually
have more impact than smaller ones in contrast to the geometric mean.
vRMS
Mean of the vibration velocity
aRMS
Mean of the vibration acceleration
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Term
Mechanical vibrations can be felt and measured at the surface of bodies. When
monitoring machines, these are mainly machine surfaces, components and
foundations.
Mechanical vibrations are also referred to as structure-borne sound, as they
propagate in solid bodies only. The audible air-borne sound, in contrast,
propagates through gaseous media, e. g. air.
Running machines exhibit various symptoms that allow drawing conclusions to the
machine condition, e. g. looming machine damage.
These condition-relevant fault symptoms include:
Changes in air-borne noise
Displacement of machine parts
Increased bearing temperatures
Changed mechanical vibration behavior
Generation of vibrations
Vibrations are caused mainly by centrifugal forces at rotating machine parts.
This is caused, for example, by:
Unbalance
Improper alignment of machine trains
Bearing-related damage
Transmission faults
Magnetic, hydraulic and/or other function-related changing forces
Vibration sensor
Piezoelectric vibration sensors are used for the frequencies and frequency ranges
to be covered in the vibration monitoring solution with SM 1281. These sensors
generate an analog voltage signal in the presence of dynamic pressure and
traction forces that can be processed. Static acceleration forces such as the
gravitational acceleration are not detected by these sensors. IEPE (Integrated
Electronics Piezo-Electric) is an industry standard for piezoelectric sensors.
Further information
Further information on appropriate sensors and on selecting the measuring point
can be found in this FAQ:
https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/109740202
There are different methods and procedures to monitor and diagnose the condition
of machines.
The procedures for signal processing of vibration data for machine and bearing
diagnosis are divided into two main groups:
1. Characteristic values: summation of vibration data
2. Frequency-selective: evaluation of vibration data in the frequency spectrum
Note Detailed fault diagnosis is not possible or subject to restrictions for wideband
vibration measurement based on characteristic values.
The values of the RMS vibration velocity are measured and averaged over a
defined frequency range.
The range includes the frequencies from 2 Hz or 10 Hz to 1 kHz. Based on the
velocity, the measuring range according to ISO 10816 starts either at 2 Hz
(speeds from 120 to 600 rpm) or at 10 Hz (speeds greater than or equal to
600 rpm).
In the vibration frequency between 2 Hz or 10 Hz and 1 kHz, the RMS value of the
vibration velocity is the most meaningful analysis value. This frequency range
accommodates the typical rotation frequency excitations.
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Measuring the parameters is insufficient to pinpoint the fault. For this purpose, the
machine's vibration profile needs to be analyzed in more detail. Most types of
damages can be recognized in the frequency spectrum due to the occurrence of
typical damage frequencies or typical patterns of damage frequencies. The
SM 1281 allows the following spectra to be calculated and used for vibration
diagnosis and monitoring:
Frequency spectrum of vibration velocity
Frequency spectrum of vibration acceleration
Envelope spectrum
3.3.5 Standards
As a rule, the following standards and guidelines are used for machine monitoring
using wideband characteristic values:
https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/de/en/view/109481490
Overview
The SIPLUS SM 1281 is a module designed for use with the SIMATIC S7-1200
automation system.
SIPLUS SM 1281 allows the condition of components liable to wear (e. g. motors,
bearings) and of critical machine components to be monitored permanently.
Together with an S7-1200, it can be used as an autonomous monitoring system.
Technical features
4 vibration sensor channels for vibration signal monitoring
1 digital input for speed measurement
Direct integration into existing SIMATIC S7-1200 automation systems
Easy integration into existing and new machines
High sampling rates
Vibration analysis within the SM 1281. The result of the analysis is transmitted
to the S7-1200 CPU for processing via the backplane bus in the form of status
signals.
Processing the results of the vibration analysis in the user's control program
Configuration of SM 1281 functions directly from the TIA Portal
Configuration
The figure below shows an example configuration using an SM 1281 together with
a SIMATIC S7-1200 automation system.
3.5.1 Overview
The following chapters give an overview of the blocks' functionality. You will find
the library in SIOS:
https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/de/en/view/109482016
For a detailed description of the parameters, see the SM 1281 operating
instructions:
https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/de/en/view/109481490
The function block “SM1281_Module” from the library enables all general module
settings to be entered and module status messages to be monitored.
The global data block “SM1281_Status” contains all information with regard to
status, traffic light and faults of the SM 1281 module. The data are organized by
module and channel. The data for an SM 1281 module are preset in the data block.
When using more than one SM 1281 module, the parameter “Module1” (PLC data
type “SM1281_ModuleStatus”) can be copied and inserted e. g. as “Module2”.
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The global data block “SM1281_Backup” stores the automatic backup of valid
parameter records.
With each successful transition to the “RUN: MONITORING” operating mode, the
parameters last sent to the SM 1281 are automatically checked for validity. If the
parameters are valid, they are backed up in the remanent data block
“SM1281_Backup”. If the parameters are invalid, an error message occurs in the
message system of the SM 1281 and the SM 1281 remains in the operating mode
"STOP: READY".
The last valid and transferred parameter record can be restored using the input
parameter “RestoreParameters” of the block “SM1281_Module”.
Data types which are part of the block library carry the prefix “SM1281” in their
name.
ATTENTIO If you change these data types, it may no longer be possible to compile your
N project due to the know-how protection of the library blocks. Therefore, leave
these data types unchanged.
4 Appendix
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