Volcanoes

- a vent that serves as the conduit of lava or the molten rock that reaches the
Earth’s surface
- visible manifestations of the processes of rock formation
Crater
- funnel-shaped depression where materials are ejected
Eruption
- event when the lava is spewed out of the volcano
TWO TYPES OF ERUPTION:
Effusive Eruption
- dominated by the flow of lava and formation of fountains and lakes
Explosive Eruption
- ejects ash and larger fragments of broken up pyroclastic materials
- lavas having high silica content and are more viscous
THREE KINDS OF VOLCANOES ACCORDING TO SHAPE
Shield Volcano
- forms a very broad dome with a gentle slope that covers a very wide area
- made of alternating layers of basaltic lava
- volcanoes in Hawaii are shield volcanoes
 Mauna Loa – Hawaii (Shield Volcano)

Stratovolcanoes/ Composite Volcanoes

- composed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic materials
- tend to build large and high volcano edifice
- examples: Mount Pinatubo & Mount Mayon

Mount Mayon - Albay

Cinder Cone
- consists of a small cone formed by spattering of lava
- composed of cinder with mafic composition Smith Volcano – Babuyan Island:

TYPES OF MATERIALS FORMED DURING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

 Effusive eruptions form lava flow deposit
Pahoehoe Lava AA Lava
- lavas with smooth surface - lavas with very rough surfaces

Obsidian Lava
- pure volcanic glass
Pumice
- made of volcanic glass but with frothy texture characterized by lots of open
spaces caused by gas bubbles

Pyroclastic Debris
- fragmental materials of various grain size produced by a volcano

 Lapili
- are pea to marble-sized fragments of lava

 Volcanic Ash
- very fine particles composed of glass shards, crystals, and fragments or rocks
 Tuff
- lithified volcanic ash

 Bombs
- blobs of lava that are thrown into the air and develop a streamlined and smooth
shape fragments

 Blocks
- larger nonstreamlined chunks of lava or preexisting rocks
Pyroclastic Flow Deposit
- the aggregate of pyroclastic debris that flow on the slope of a volcano
Ignimbrite
- pyroclastic deposit that is dominantly composed of pumice

Lahar
- muddy-like slurry material formed when the pyroclastic debris mix with water