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v = gm/c ((1−e−(c/m)t ))
donde g = 9.8 m/s2. Para un paracaidista con coeficiente de arrastre de c = 15 kg/s,
calcule la masa m de modo que la velo- cidad sea v = 35 m/s en t = 9s. Utilice el
método de la falsa po- sición para determinar m a un nivel de es = 0.1%.
La ecuación diferencial es
ma-cv=0
ó
(dv/dt) - (c/m) v = 0
con condiciones iniciales
vo = 0
ao = (dv/dt)o = g
***************************************...
La ecuación planteada es
v = ((m g)/c) * (1 - e^(-(c/m) t))
m * (1 - e(-135/m)) = 35 * 15 / 9.8
15 kg/s * 9 s = 135 kg
así que el exponente queda adimensional
con m en kg
Para m1 = 50
f(50) = -6.93027
Para m2 = 60
f(60) = 0.10604
Pendiente de la secante
entre f(50) y f(60)
Pend1 = (f(60) - f(50))/(60-50)
Pend1 = (0.10604 - (-6.93027))/10
Pend1 = (7.03632)/10
Pend1 = 0.70363
********************
Pendiente de la secante
entre f(m1) y f(m12)
Pend3 = (f(m12) - f(m1))/(m12-m1)
Pend3 = (0.00044 - (-6.93027))/9.83954
Pend3 = (6.93072)/9.83955
Pend3 = 0.70437
********************
Con 4 decimales
m = 59.8389
==============
……………………………………………………………………….
Si no cumple la condición, simplemente volvemos al paso 3.
xi = 12, xs = 16
xr = (12+16)/2 = 14, xr = xs
f(xi) = f(12) = 6.067
f(xr) = f(14) = 1.5687
f(xi) f(xr) = (6.067)( 1.5687) > 0, la raíz se encuentra en el subintervalo superior, xi = xr
n=2
xi = 14, xs = 16 , xr = 15
f(xi) = f(14) = 1.5687
f(xr) = f(15) = -0.4248
f(xi) f(xr) = (1.5687)( -0.4248) < 0, la raíz se encuentra en este subientervalo, xs = xr
Ea = {15-14/15} x 100 = 6.667 %
n=3
xi = 14, xs = 15 , , xr = 14.5
f(xi) = f(14) = 1.5687
f(xi) =f(14.5)= 0.5523
f(xi) f(xi) > 0, xi = xr
Ea = {14.5-15/14.5} x 100 = 3.448 %
n=4
xi = 14.5, xs = 15 , , xr = 14.75
f(xi) = f(14.5) = 0.5523
f(xi) =f(14.75)= 0.05896
f(xi) f(xi) > 0, xi = xr
Ea = {14.75-14.5/14.75} x 100 = 1.695 %
n=5
xi = 14.75, xs = 15 , , xr = 14.875
f(xi) = f(14.75) = 0.5896
f(xi) =f(14.87)= -0.1841
f(xi) f(xi) < 0, xs= xr
Ea = {14.875-14.75/14.875} x 100= 0.840 %
n=6
xi = 14.75, xs = 14.875 , , xr = 14.8125
Ea = {14.8125-14.875/14.8126} x 100= 0.4219 %
Ea <
0.422% < 0.5 %
xr = 14.8125
iteración Xi Xs Xr Ea %
1 12 16 14 6.667
2 14 16 12 3.448
3 14 15 14.5 1.695
4 14.5 15 14.75 0.480
5 14.75 15 14.875 0.422
6 14.75 14.875 14.8125
Falsa Posición
Este , método utiliza una interpolación lineal ajustada a dos puntos extremos para encontrar
una aproximación a la raíz. De acuerdo a la siguiente figura:
Ejemplo
Use el método de la falsa posición, para determinar la raíz de la ecuación
f ( c ) = 667.38/c { (1-e-0.146843 c) } -40
n=1
xi = 12 f(xi) = 6.067
xs = 16 f(xs) = -2.2687
xr = 16 - (-2.2687) (12 -16) = 14.911
6.067 - (-2.2687)
f(xr) = -0.25426
f(xi) f(xr) = 6.067 (-0.25426 ) < 0, xs = xr
n=2
xi = 12 f(xi) = 6.067
xs = 14.9112 f(xs) = -0.25426
xr = 14.9113 - (-0.25426) (12 -14.9113) = 14.7942
6.067 - (-0.25426)
f(xr) = -0.0.2726
f(xi) f(xr) < 0, xs = xr
Ea = {(14.7942-14.9113)/14.7942} x 100% = 0.79 %
n=3
xi = 12 f(xi) = 6.067
xs = 14.7942 f(xs) = -0.02726
xr = 14.7942 - (-0.02726) (12 -14.7942) = 14.7816
6.067 - (-0.02726)
xr = 14.7816
Ea = {(14.7816-14.7942)/14.7816} x 100% = 0.087 %
Ea < 0.087 < 0.5 %