Chapter 4

T H E M E T R O D A V A O G E R I A T R I C H O S P I T A L:
A Response focusing to Elderly Providing Ergonomic Approach

Through Biophilic Architecture
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Context
1.1.1 Background of the Study
Ageing is a biological process to the individuals who reach the age of 65 years old
and above in a deleterious sense, according to Dr. Joao Pedro de Magalhes. It is a natural process
that applied in all living organism. Every individual will undergo a life changes such as infancy,
adolescence, adulthood and old age and it will be accompanied by physical changes. Growth,
development, and degeneration are few samples of physical changes that may happen in such
older person.
The ageing problem already undergoes a lot of studies in different countries,
and one of the studies focused on the effects of individual cognitive skills, particularly one's
memory. The conclusion of the studies that a person advances in age may result to weaken his or
her memory. But, this statement depends on the length of a person's life. According to RACGP
or known as The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, physiological effects of
aging and deconditioning to the older persons include medical conditions like;
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Table 1.1.1 List of ageing medical conditions
Ageing World
Older persons typically range from aged 65-70 years and over. In the progressive regions,
they consider 65 years an older person due to the retirement age and pension, however, the
United Nations (UN) defines the older population at the age of 60+ years. According to the
report of the World Health Organization, the number of the people aged 60 years and above will
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be going to increase from 900 million in the year 2015 up to 2 billion by the year 2050(World
Health Organization, 2015). The dependency ratio of the old age persons is calculated by the
number of individuals that age 15 years to 64 years of an age and divided by the average number
of the persons that aged 65 years and above. The expected growing population of older persons
impose a monetary pressure to the government o the support systems for the old age population
that includes both public transfers (such as health care and cash benefits) and private transfers
(such as intergenerational support for care)(United Nations, 2013)
This demographic transition is occurring in both developing and developed parts of the
world, and the population changes are mainly driven by a decline in mortality and fertility. The
fertility rate has nearly halved between 1950-1955 and 2000-2005 from 5.0 children per woman
to 2.7 globally (United Nations, 2001). According to the UN, fertility has been declining faster in
less developed countries from 6.2 children per woman to 2.9 between 1950-1955 and 2000-2005
(United Nations, 2001). Furthermore, people are now expected to live longer due to a reduction
in mortality rates at older ages. In all regions of the world, life expectancy at birth has increased
by almost 20 years between 1950-1955 and 2000-2005.
In the UK, life expectancy at birth was 78.1 years for men and 82.1 years for women in
2010. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) projects this to increase to 84.0 years for men and
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87.3 years for women in 2037 (Office for National Statistics, 2013c). Fertility rates have been
falling as well from 2.45 children for women born in the mid-1930s to 1.84 children for women
born 23 after 1990 (Rutherford, 2012). Long-term mortality and fertility assumptions by ONS
project the population of the UK to gradually become older with the number of people aged 65
and over to increase by 23% from 10.3 million in 2010 to 12.7 million in 2018 (Rutherford,
2012). The number of people aged 80 years and above is projected to more than double from
about 2.5 million to 6 million by mid-2037 (Office for National Statistics, 2013c).
In Thailand, the number of older persons (defined as aged 60 and over)has grown rapidly
and will continue to do so in future decades. Since 1960 the number of older people in the Thai
population has increased seven-fold from approximately 1.5 million to 10.7 million by 2015 or
16% of the total population. Future population ageing will occur even more rapidly with the
number of older persons projected to increase to over 20 million by 2035, at which point they will
constitute over 30% of the population. Moreover, within the next few years, persons 60 and older
will outnumber children under age 15 for the first time in Thai history.
Ageing in the Philippines
The aging population in the country over 60 years is rapidly increasing in numbers, and
its longevity and with that, there will be a large number of older adults than the other age group,
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as both declining fertility rates and longer life expectancy. The population of the Philippines will
increase by 35.4 % over the next two decades that projected to reach a number of 126 million by
the year 2030(NAT.STATISTIC OFFICE 2000). In the year 2010 life expectancy for women
was 72.6 than the men that have 66.0 years. And in the year 2013, more than 5 people die for
every one thousand population. This is equivalent to 531,280 registered deaths from all causes
and all ages. And the highest occurrences of deaths were among the elderly persons, 70 years and
above (POPCOM). And in the present population of a report of the Davao Region in the year,
2015 is 4.9 M and 2.1 M of the population belongs to the 65 years and above (POPCEN, 2015).
As a human get older they will encounter a notable change in terms of physical and
mental characteristics. In the continuous process of the individual on the age, there is no general
agreement at which the persons will getting old and each of the age persons vary as a result of
their mental and physical health.
Elderly people tend to require much more medical attention often and for long periods of
time compare to the other age groups. The healing process of older people slows down due to the
age that will result in having a more disorder. However, aging could be more depressing and
lonely if the facility environment provided for them is not supportive.
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Research says that staying connected to nature and elements of nature helps in healing.
Natural environments also improve sleeping patterns, reduce pain, the speed of recovery and
even increase longevity (Rodieck, 2010).
Geriatric medicine
In the Fourth Edition of The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, the
Geriatric term means "characteristics of the aging process relating to the aged person or
individuals". According to the Complete and Unabridged Collins English Dictionary, the
Geriatric term means or defined as "worn out, useless, obsolescent and old, older persons tend to
be as a disregarded as senile or irresponsible individuals". In the Medical field, geriatrics defined
as the study of illness that affect the older person's health and the medical care of old age person.
Geriatrics Medicine aims to promote health and to prevent and treat older individual's diseases
and their disabilities. According to the AGS or known as the American Geriatrics Society, there
are four criteria for geriatric patients;
i. Those patients with advanced old age are the one usually has a cognitive impairment or
physical disability.
ii. Those patients that have a functional problem tend to more require medical treatment,
rehabilitation, and support requiring assessment for treatment, rehabilitation, and support.
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iii. Complex multiple medical system disorders.
iv. Patients that have a problem in terms of daily living activities have a great potential to
improve their condition for having a therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation under
geriatric personnel and specialized multi-disciplinary team.
Geriatrician or doctor for the older person is the experts in the diagnosis and management of
complex disorders that affect the health status of the elderly. They are the partner of the elderly
person in combating diseases for having a healthy life. They responded in reducing the
occurrence of a post-acute syndrome that is associated with hospitalization due to the functional
decline of the patients. The role of geriatric doctors or personnel is depended and rely on the
availability of the local needs of the city or regions population. The workforce issues, remote
setting, and extent of medical needs and services of the patients are available in the specific
location. ASD defines the role and responsibilities of Geriatricians as:
i. The Acute Geriatric Internal medicine and rehabilitation care are established for the
medical needs of the older people
ii. In the hospital setting the consultation/liason services, it serves as Geriatric medicine
services to the patients such as orthogeriatrics services and cardogeriatrics services.
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iii. The outpatients of the Geriatric clinics are known as or it serves as a general geriatric
medicine clinic for the elderly and it also includes specialty clinics in a line of
Geriatricians expertise in this field of medicine. (e.g. cognitive disorders, Parkinson's
disease, falls, continence, wounds)
Due to increasing demands of geriatric medical expertise in the country the hospital
management tend to call other medical practitioners to perform or fill in the needs and the role
of geriatrician due to this kind of circumstances. To acquire the needs, general practitioners,
physicians and therapy specialist undergoes training and basic skills for caring elderly patients
with multiple problems.
1.1.2 Statement of the Problem
The aging population in the Davao city nowadays is increases and the fact that elderly
people are often fragile and sickly that is why they are generally require medical attention much
more often and for longer periods of time than the other groups. However, there’s no specialized
hospital for elderly in the Region and most of the general hospital that caters geriatric patients are
not well designed based on the physical and emotional needs of the aged and result of feeling
isolation due to the institutional looks that increase the level of stress and health problems.
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1.1.2.1 Problem Questions
1. What is the significance of the design of geriatric facility to the users?
2. How will biophilic design applied to geriatric hospital contribute to the healing
process of the aged patients?
3. How does biophilic architecture contribute to lower the level of stress of the aged
patients?
1.1.3 Conceptual Framework
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1.1.4 Goals and Objectives
The fundamental goal of the project is to establish space and facilities for the aged patient
with complete medical care and also to establish a set of architectural principles that will improve
the health outcomes of the aged patients and reduce their level of stress.
The study aims to achieve the following objectives:
1.1.4.1 To present an overview about the current condition of the geriatric facility in the
Davao City.
1.1.4.2 To design a facility that stays away from the institutional look that cause of high
level of stress and health problems..
1.1.4.3 To promote a healing environment to the aged patient through biophilic design.
1.1.4.4 To provide a Therapeutic environment within the interior and exterior of the
facility by using biophilic architecture.
1.1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of the study will focus on providing geriatric space and facilities for the
complete medical care of the aged patient.
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1.1.6 Hypotheses
The proposed study will improved the quality of life and well-being of the elderly by
incorporating it with nature. It will contribute the healing process of the elders.
1.1.7 Significance of the study
As a result of rapidly increasing number of aging population in the Region, the proposed
project will serve as an architectural response to the increasing demands of medical treatment and
for hospital facility.and by highlighting the needs to focus on the holistic well-being of the elderly
can facilitate the improvement of the quality care by providing better healing space.
1.1.8 Acronyms and Abbreviations, Definition of Terms, and Concepts
1.8.1 Senior citizens – elderly people aged 65 years and above
1.8.2 Geriatric- in the Farlex dictionary this terms defined as relating to the
aged or charcteristics of aging process
1.8.3 Geriatric population - Used in this research, without intended prejudice or
discrimination, to refer to a sector or a demographic grouping in society who
are from age 60 and above.
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1.8.4 Geriatric medicine – refers to the branch of medicine that cares elderly
person
Used in this research to refer to a branch of medicine focused on curing and caring for
geriatric population. The term may also refer to practitioners or the system
of curing and/or caring.
1.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
1.2.1 Innovations in Hospital Architecture
Hospitals which enable high-quality care for diverse patient populations in carbon neutral
care settings must be provided by the innovations through the help of today’s architects.
Verderber considers the future of the hospital and what are the things that need to be done in
order to meet that challenge.
The contemporary hospital is visualized in the context of global climate change, the
planet's diminishing natural resources and the spiralling cost of operating healthcare
facilities. Design and architecture are vital components of the approach to treatment and
recovery. Sustainability in the choice of materials and the flexibility of rooms, special uses
of light and color are all forms of innovative concepts in contemporary hospital architecture
– whether brand new buildings, conversion, or extension project (Verderber, 2010).

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Healthcare buildings are too envisioned to be designed not to be warehouses for the sick
but rather a living space for patients. It has to be remembered that a hospital is not a factory
in which the assembly lines dictate all aspects of design but is a community in which the
patient is fundamental to the successful working as a whole. Expectations and needs of the
patients have to be analyzed and fulfilled.
1.2.2 Healing the Mind, Body, and Soul
A certain hospital building should provide the patients a sense of dignity, safety, comfort
and repose. It should also give pleasing spaces not only for the patients but also for patient’s
respective family and friends in accordance to the cultural concerns of the community which
value human beings over technology and provide flexibility to personalize the care a patient must
receive. In fact, there is an ample evidence that the primeval forces of nature such as sun, wind,
Earth, and water all have a mystifying positive effect on health of a human being. Thus, the
physical environment of the healthcare facility should firstly, do no harm and secondly, facilitate
healing process like the natural sounds, including those created by running water, must have a
calming and relaxing effect. This should be employed in the form of artificial springs/waterfalls,
rivulets or fountains. Hence, color may also be considered to be used as a volume enhancer or
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visual stimulator. In addition, landscaping should be appropriately planned to create a healing
environment.
1.2.3 Design for flexibility and expandability
In terms of design for flexibility and expandability, therapeutic gardens have been used for
a long time and can be integrated into health care settings nowadays. The restorative qualities of
nature are very much existent, as shown based on studies made wherein design elements derived
from successful therapeutic gardens, horticultural therapy gardens, and enabling gardens have
shown how nature can become an integral part of any health care setting (Sternberg, 2009). Since
most outdoor landscapes at health care facilities fail to meet the user needs, it is imperative to
design a therapeutic garden that will really cater the mental and physical needs of the clients.
An emphasis needs to be made that although the users of most projects are the
administrators of a facility, the design needs to focus on the patients that are residents as well.
Subsequently, the living quality of the elderly in old age is one of the important topics of our time
in which architects and builders can contribute intelligent concepts for barrier-free buildings,
innovative types of housing and advanced systems of care for people who are fragile or suffering
from dementia.
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1.2.4. Living for The Elderly
Intelligent design solutions can push back the limits on residential architecture and care
facilities, housing and care, on individual, collective, and assisted forms of housing, and even on
the various phases of life in favor of a comprehensive trend toward integrated forms of housing
(Verderber, 2010). Another approach that was introduced in Germany is by empowering care
home residents, encouraging their collective input into the design of a communal living space to
improve their social identification with others in the home and their sense of psychological
comfort (Mccullough, 2010). This study provides strong evidence that empowers care home
residents, by encouraging their collective input into the design of a communal living space that
will have a number of significant and positive consequences for both of them and their careers.
In particular, engaging with groups in this way led residents to have a greater sense of
psychological comfort and social identification with others in the home. Residents tended to
display more considerate citizenship behaviour towards their fellow residents, and they reported
and exhibited improved life satisfaction and physical health. Lastly, the group of residents who
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had been collectively engaged in the design process was then found to make much more use of
the new communal space than those in the control group. Indeed, in the period after the move,
residents in the empowered condition used their main lounge nearly four times as much as those
in the controlled condition, and maintained this high level of use throughout the entire
experiment.
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CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
2.1 Research Design
In this phase, the proponent’s aims to discuss the different methods to gathered different
kinds of data. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, the researcher can gathered data that
will help to give a multiple views to analyze the research better.
Primary source of the research will be captured through the secondary sources such as
books, articles, related studies and other published materials that will provide a valid information
on the advantages and disadvantages of the current design.
2.2 Research Locale
The study was conducted in Davao City, also known as Region 11 or Southern Mindanao
Region and it is divided into four provinces namely the largest of which is the Davao Oriental,
then Compostela Valley, Davao del Sur and Davao del Norte.
2.3 Research Instrument
To be able to establish significant information for the study, two instruments were used.
First is through a open of oral questionnaire that has been used for the personal interview. The idea
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is to interact and discuss the topics to the interviewee more freely and ask more possible questions
that will justify the research. The other one is through a naturalistic observation of the area to
distinguish and describe the behavior of the users towards their current hospital situation.
2.3.1 Primary Data
2.3.1.1 Mortality and Morbidity Rate of Elderly
Figure 1 The mortality rate of all causes by Age Group Source: DOH (2013)
In the Philippines, more than five people die for every one thousand population in 2013.
This is equivalent to 531,280 registered deaths from all causes and all ages. Of these deaths, 57
percent or 304,516 were males and 43 percent or 226,764 were females. For every 100 female
deaths, there correspond 134 male deaths and which constituted to a death sex ratio of 1.34. It is
consistent that numbers of male deaths are greater than female deaths. Consequently, males always
have higher death rate than females. Reports also showed that the highest occurrences of deaths
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were among the elderly persons, 70 years and over. It comprised more than 38 percent of total
deaths with 202,564 cases. However, death occurrence was least among age group 10-14 years
with 0.9 percent. Deaths among under 1 year old is more than twice (21,992 or 4.1%) the number
of deaths in ages 1-4 years (9,526 or 1.8%) The number of deaths increase as the people gets older.
Statistics show that the risk of dying is directly proportional to age, starting with age 10 and up.
Heart Disease Diabetes
Cancer Pneumonia and Influenza
Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Accidents
Alzheimers Nephritis
Septicemia
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD)
Figure 2 The mortality rate among adults over the age of 65 years old and above in the Region
(2015) Source: Southern Philippines Medical Center ( SPMC)
Heart Disease Diabetes
Cancer Pneumonia and Influenza
Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Accidents
Alzheimers Nephritis
Septicemia
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD)
Figure 3 The morbidity rate among adults over the age of 65 years old and above in the Region
(2015) Source: Southern Philippines Medical Center ( SPMC)
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2.3.1.1 Ocular Inspection
The process whereby the proponents visited 2 known hospital in Davao City. The
Southern Philippines Medical Center (SPMC) and Davao Medical School of foundation to
observe a certain situation and behavioral patterns.
2.3.1.1.1 Southern Philippine Medical Center
The Southern Philippine Medical Center caters geriatric patients under the family
medicine. The hospital was established and operated by the government under the
Department of Health (DOH) since the year 1917 with a 25-bed capacity in San Pedro St.,
Davao City. As the year passed by the name of the hospital change into different names
and the bed capacity increases. From the 25-bed capacity to 200, 600 and up to 1500-bed
capacity in the present. The former name of the hospital is Davao Medical Center and it
was changed to Southern Philippines Medical Center by the year 2009, November under
the Republic Act 09792.
The hospital has a 1500-bed capacity to cater the increase number of patients from
different part of the city and also other individuals from the neighboring regions that seeks
a medical attention. The hospital has new hospital building that divided into two types of
room. First is the private room, it has an air-conditioning unit, a bed for the patients and a
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bed for the family members/watcher/visitors, big windows and a private toilet and bath.
While the pay-wards room settings is an ordinary room hospital that shared by the other
patients it has a common toilet for the patients and watchers and an air-conditioning unit
and a big windows to access a natural light from the outside.
The old hospital building has also a private room but some of it does not have an
air-conditioning unit. The room setting has a window, a bed, a bed side table, and a toilet
and bath. And for the old hospital bed wards, the room setting has a typical 8-10 beds only
for the patients admitted, a common toilet and common ceiling fan. The room doesn't have
a big windows like the private room for a natural light coming from the outside that
resulting to a darker room.
2.3.1.2.2 Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc.
The Davao Medical Foundation was established in the year 1976 month of July a
level 3 hospital. It’s a college of medicine thus the first such college to be set up in
Mindanao. The hospital is located on a 2.5 h site that closed to the center of Davao City.
The hospital is a 4-storey building with a 100-bed capacity to accommodate patients. It has
60 private rooms wherein it has an air-conditioning unit, a bed side table, a toilet and bath,
a cabinet, a refrigerator, a television a watchers bed, a adjustable chair sofa, and lastly an
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environmental paint finish. Meanwhile, the semi- private room setting of the hospital has
a 2-bed capacity, a curtain separator, an air-conditioning unit, a bed for the family
members/watchers, a bed side table of each bed, a television, and a toilet and bath.
The hospital also has a ward with 6- bed capacity for the patients admitted, a
watchers bed, windows with curtains, an air-conditioning unit, a common toilet and bath,
and a curtain separator for privacy.
2.3.1.2 Population Sample
The oral interview and survey for the study was conducted on 20 geriatric patients
under the Family Medicine department since the Southern Philippines Medical Center has
no geriatric facility. Patients who recruited for the interview were voluntary and willing to
participate during the interview. Meanwhile the patients that has a serious illness like
sensory impairment, psychiatric illness and disoriented illness were excluded during the
activity.
The oral interview and survey that conducted was permitted by the head
department, other authorities of the hospital and family member that present during the
study sample. The participants were given freedom to talk about their concerns and privacy
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when it comes to the private information without any discrimination and the respondents
comfort was maintained during the activity.
2.4 Data Collection
2.4.1 Method of Data Analysis
After the naturalistic observation and oral interview and survey the data that
collected were analyzed by the proponents. Through the questions and images prepared for
the survey and interview with regards to the healing benefits and effects of the nature to
the health and mind perspective was measured. The data from the naturalistic observation
of what is the current hospital scenario also analyze to come up a better planning to help
the healing process and life quality of the users.
2.5 Ethical Consideration
The methods conducted in the study are are voluntary and the proponents made sure that
the activity participated by the respondents are aware and well informed before answering the
question and survey. The proponents only has an access of the documents an also assure to the
respondents that all the information and comments will remain between of them and no documents
will be published as a privacy and rights of the participants.
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2.6 Behavioral Analysis
As the Elderly aged 65 years and above are the main users of the facility, they are the
primarily benefit the building provisions and services. According to the Guidelines in the
Planning and Designing of a Hospital and other Health Facilities of the Department of Health,
hospitals have different areas and are grouped according to zones:
 OUTER ZONE – areas in this zone are immediately accessible to the public such as
emergency service, outpatient service, and administrative service. And those area shall be
located near in the hospital entrance.
 SECOND ZONE - in this zone it emphasize the area that receive workload from the outer
zone. Facilities under this zone are laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology and they must be
located near the outer zone.
 INNER ZONE – in this zone nursing services are located, this areas are the one provide
nursing care to the patient and management of the patients. This facilities should located
in the private areas but in the sense of giving access to the guests.
 DEEP ZONE – in this zone it focuses to the areas that require asepsis to perform the
prescribe services such as surgical services, delivery services, nursery, and intensive care.
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Those facilities should located in the areas that publicly accessible and also accessible to
the outer, second and the inner zones.
 SERVICE ZONE – the areas in this zone provides the support to the hospital activities.
Hospital activities in this zone are dietary service, housekeeping service, maintenance and
motor pool service, and lastly the mortuary. Those facilities shall be located and place in
the areas that away from the normal traffic.
These zones are classified with different patterns of activities of the users. However, patterns
of activities of the direct users (patients and medical practitioners and staff) will be the focus of
this analysis as they are the main users and beneficiaries of the proposed health facilities.
2.7 Review of Related Literature
2.7.1 Cleanliness and Sanitation
Proper sanitation hospitals must be easy to clean and maintain in which there an adequate
and appropriately located is housekeeping spaces. It includes special materials, finishes, and
details for spaces which should be sterile, such as integral cove base. The new antimicrobial
surfaces might be considered for appropriate locations that will incorporate practices that stress
indoor environmental quality.
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2.7.2 Accessibility
The accessibility of all areas, both inside and out, should comply with the minimum
requirements of the Disability Act (DA2005). (Source: Ministry of Health 2006). They’re
obliged to ensure the level of pain and discomfort in the elderly, marking glass walls and doors
to make their presence obvious is vital.
2.7.3 Controlled Circulation
A controlled circulation of a hospital means a complex system of interrelated functions
requiring constant movement of people and goods. Much of this circulation should be controlled.
1) Outpatients that are going and from the diagnostic and treatment areas are prohibited to pass
through the area of inpatient nor encounter severely ill patients.
2) All the routes of the hospital should clear and simple for the elderly patients,
3) Family members and other visitors should have a simple and easy access to all patient nursing
unit.
4) The patient’s activity and visitor’s activity should separate from the industrial/ logistic areas
or floors of the hospital.
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5) All the trash, recyclables and soiled materials of the hospital should be separated from all the
clean supplies and food spaces to prevent contamination. The delivery route must also separate
from the route of patients.
2.7.4 Aesthetics
Aesthetics is closely related to creating a therapeutic environment that will contribute to develop
staff’s morale and patient’s care. Aesthetic considerations include the following points:
1) Increased use of natural light, natural materials, and textures
2) Use of artwork
3) Attention to proportions, color, scale and detail and
4) Homelike and intimate scale in patient rooms, day rooms, consultation rooms, and offices .
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CHAPTER III
INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Situational Analysis

3.1.1 Identification and Evaluation of Needs
The proponents visited several hospitals in the city and made some observation to identify
the behavior and impact of the current situation of the patient. There are three significant points
determined by the proponents that subjected to the assessment and analysis to design a well-
integrated Geriatric Hospital. The three major points are- what the patients need; what are the
patients prefer and how to provide it. The design solution that will be offered by the proposal is to
establish a medical project that will focus on giving comfort to the patient, accessibility of
specialized medical care needed and sensitivity to the patient's condition.
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First, the comfort of the patients must be considered by the researcher. The patients have
become the important indicator to measure the quality of the hospital during his/her stay in the
facility.
Second, the accessibility to the medical care must be considered by the designer. The usual
scenario in public and private hospital where the patients attend several separate clinic rooms, the
designer solution will establish one facility wherein the Geriatric patients will sit and wait for the
medical staff to do the "rounds."
Lastly, the third one is an essential consideration in every hospital that must address by the
proponents, and it is the sensitivity to the patient's condition. Since the specialized hospital
proposal focuses on the Geriatric individuals, we must consider their sensitivity conditions that
they are likely disability or inability to move with ease. The design solution for the proposed
facility would be suited and accessible for the elderly patients that have a visual, aural and mobility
impairment. Along with this the designer also considers their social aspects. The need to socialized
and have a permanent private space.
3.1.2 Restatement of the Problem
1. How relevant a geriatric hospital in promoting highly accessible medical treatment and
facility to the geriatric patients?

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2. How does Biophilic Architecture improve the built environment of a geriatric hospital?
3. How does Biophilic Architecture contribute to promoting a stress-free hospital
environment?
3.1.3 Recommendations, Suggestions and Proposal
Based on the empirical study by the proponents mentioned above. The Proposed Metro
Davao Geriatric Hospital is the answer to accommodate different types of diseases and give proper
treatment to the growing population of the geriatric patients in the City and the neighboring regions
as well. The proposed hospital will be providing an active healing environment, holistic,
accessible, safe, standardized and secure healthcare institute to improve the quality of life and
well-being of the elderly by incorporating with nature.
The said proposal will cover and develop three different significant facilities. The first
building will be the Geriatric Health Care Institute that will cater to different types of diseases of
a geriatric patient for the medication and also for the surgical operations to the patients.
The second structure of the proposal will be the therapy facility or the rehabilitation center. The
primary goal of this structure is to cater to geriatric patients who suffered severe diseases and need
more attention and medical attention than the other patients.
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The last building of the Geriatric Hospital will be the laboratory and research institute.
This facility will be in charge to develop and study new techniques and innovations that will help
to improve the quality of life of the elderly. The mortality and morbidity rate and the rising geriatric
cases and newfound diseases will also belong to this structure.
Hence, the vital role of the above mention structure is to provide highly specialized
treatment, and services for the geriatric patients and also those patients have an aural, visual and
mobility impairment. Along with this the proponent also considers their social aspects. The need
to socialize and have a permanent private space.
3.2 The site
3.2.1 Background of the Site
The proponent select three (3) possible sites inside the Davao City that will serve as the
choices in describing the most appropriate site location for the project. By choosing the best and
the potential site it must be studied, analyze and check the strength and weaknesses (SWOT) of
each site that will fit the needs and parameters of the proposed project. Prior to the zoning
ordinance of the Davao City Zoning and Land Use Map, the site must falls under the Institutional
Zone. The further explanation and presentation of the site criteria will be discussed in the next
subsection below.
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3.2.1.1 Site Selection Criteria
Choosing the most suitable site for the proposal, the proponents shall consider several criteria
which will be emphasized by the following:
1. Location 5. Soil type
2. Land-use classification 6. Flood susceptibility
3. Accessibility 7. Environmental Impact
4. Topography
In this stage of the design process is the very crucial one. The proponent must study each detail
of the three possible sites and must meet every criterion to ensure the best location that is suited
for the proposal.
Location
The most important for the project is the consideration of the site and its proximity to the
outside. Based on the data gathered by the proponents the suitable site for the elderly patients must
not be densely populated, and on the other hand, the appearance of the area is t provide a faster
healing and calm environment to the elderly patients.
Land- use Classification
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The land area where the proposal to be built shall be 2 hectares large enough to cater the
four (4) buildings and future project and alike. And due to the nature facility function the site
must qualify under the institutional land-use classification.
Accessibility
The chosen site must conveniently accessible by the pedestrians and vehicles.
Topography
The location of the site must have a relatively flat slope from 0 % to 8 % for the better
design and planning since the users of the proposal are the elderly.
Soil Type
The site must self-sustainability and green living that can yield all the kinds of reaction on
the building facility.
Flood Susceptibility
The area for the proposal shall be strictly not prone to the flood.
Environmental Impact
Proximity to residential establishments should be avoided by choosing the site
location for this study to reduce the risk of outbreaks or contamination.
The three chosen sites by the proponents for the Geriatric Hospital are the following:
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1. Intersection of J.P Laurel Avenue and R. Castillo St., Agdao
2. Panacan, Davao City
3. Tugbok District, Davao City
The sites that mentioned will be rate based on the parameters discussed above. The
highest score will be three (3), and it will be given to the site that has most advantageous
while one (1) as the lowest score. The result of the criteria will be selected for the
proposal.
3.2.1.2 Site Selection and Justification:

3.2.1.2.1. Site Number One
The first projected site is located at the intersection of the J.P Laurel Avenue and
the R.Castillo St., Agdao approximately 571 meters from the shoreline of Island Garden
City of Samal at the southeast part. The total land area of the site is about 7.88 hectares and
located explicitly at the Azuela Cove that owned by the Ayala Lands.
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The strength of the site is highly visible and accessible to all the public and private
vehicles that are commonly traversed by the commuters from the northern part of the city
and the downtown area. It is also near the public hospital of the Davao City which is the
Southern Philippines Medical Center (SPMC) with the distance of 3.07 kilometers and the
Davao Medical & Research Center approximately 3.67 kilometers away.
FIGURE 1. THE PROJECTED SITE 1 AT THE INTERSECTION OF J.P LAUREL AVENUE AND R.
CASTILLO ST., AGDAO, DAVAO CITY SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS
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FIGURE 1. THE PROJECTED SITE 1 AT THE INTERSECTION OF J.P LAUREL AVENUE AND R. CASTILLO ST.,
AGDAO, DAVAO CITY
SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS
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3.2.1.2.2. Site Number Two
The second projected site is located along the diversion road of Panacan, Davao City. The
total lot area of the site is 67, 144 sq.m or approximately 6.71 hectares and 5 minutes away from
the Davao City International Airport through the Buhangin route via the taxi cab.
The strength of the site is very accessible to the public and private vehicles that bounded
by the Diversion Road and to the downtown area. Despite its strength, there's a weakness of the
site that needs to be discussed. First, as the proponent mention that it is very near the Davao City
Airport the intermittent noise from the aircrafts may affect the activities in the hospital. The second
one is that the rear area of the site is residential and it is stated in the criteria that the project should
be located far from the residential to avoid contamination.
FIGURE 2. THE DAANG MAHARLIKA HIGHWAY, DIVERSION ROAD OF PANACAN, DAVAO CITY
SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS
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FIGURE 2. THE DAANG MAHARLIKA HIGHWAY, DIVERSION ROAD OF PANACAN, DAVAO CITY
SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS
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3.2.1.2.2. Site Number Three
The third site is located at the Tugbok District, Davao City adjacent to the Barangay Sto.
Niño that the Socialized Housing Subdivision occupies most of the area. The total land area of
the site is approximately 18.78 hectares.
The strength of the site is very accessible to the road which is commonly traversed by the
commuters or residences form Toril and Talomo Proper. The weaknesses of the site are far from
the downtown area, and currently, the scenario of the street is the public vehicles who pass there
are tricycles and the motor that called payong- payong, etc., and it is also low to public visibility.
FIGURE 3. THE TUGBOK DISTRICT, DAVAO CITY ADJACENT TO THE BARANGGAY STO. NIÑO
SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS
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FIGURE 3 THE TUGBOK DISTRICT, DAVAO CITY ADJACENT TO THE BARANGGAY STO. NIÑO
SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS
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3.2.1.3 Site Analysis
Macro Site Analysis
3.2.1.3.1 General Profile
Based on the thorough analyzation and studies by the proponent of the Proposed
Metro Davao Geriatric Hospital through all considerations and managing the criteria that were
presented above, the proponent comes up with one site that passed all the criteria listed. The
proposal will be located at the property of Azuela Cove at the intersection road of R. Castillo,
Agdao and J.P Laurel Avenue. The site was classified as PUD- Ins or Planned Unit Development-
Institutional which belongs under the special type of institutional land use, according to Davao
City Zoning and Land Use Map. The weaknesses and strength of the chosen site are clearly stated
above to support the analysis.
3.2.1.3.2 Geographical Location
The Davao City is strategically located in the Southeastern of the island of
Mindanao, Philippines. It is bounded by the three provinces on the north by the Surigao del Sur,
Agusan del Sur and the province of Bukidnon. As of 2015 census, the total population of the City
is 1, 632, 991.
Davao city is geographically situated in the province of Davao del Sur, and Davao city
ranked as a third most populous metropolitan area in the Philippines after Metro Manila's 12.8
million of the population and the Cebu city with a total of 2.5 population.
Lastly, the Davao city serves as the trade center of the island of Mindanao and the regional center
of the Davao Region. It is also named as the Durian capital of the Philippines and the home of the
highest mountain in the Philippines which is the Mt. Apo.
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3.2.1.3.3 Land Area
The total land area of Davao City is approximately 2,443.61 sq. Km or 943.48 sq.mi
corresponding to 6.6 %of the Philippines entire land area and 16.3 % of the total land area of
Mindanao. Due to the land area of the city, it is known as the largest city in the Philippines. It is
divided into three (3) congressional districts and subdivided into 11 administrative districts. The
District 1 is composed Poblacion and Talomo while the District 2 is formed of Agdao, Buhangin,
Bunawan, and Paquibato. The District 3 is composed of 4 places the Toril, Marilog, Calinan,
Baguio, and Marilog.
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Table 3.2.1.3.3 Total Land Area per District

SOURCE: NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE
3.2.1.3.4 Basic Soil Type
The Davao City soil quality differs on its location concerning its color, drainage,
fertility, texture depth, and its permeability. And these factors help the productivity of the soil.
Davao City has four (4) types of soil. First is the San Manuel Silty Clay Cloam with an area of 3,
9986 HAS and approximately 23.3 % of the total land area, and this soil fertile soil and suitable
for most crops. Second type of soil is the Camansa Sandy Clay Cloam with an area of 29, 814.3
or 27.4 of the land. This soil is moderately fertile and not recommended for tillage due to its slope
that greater than 18 %. The third soil is characterized as good for forestry purposes, and it is
Mountain Soils Undifferentiated with the total of 69, 704.4 HAS or 20.2 % of the land. And the
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last type of soil is the Hydrosol with an area of 1, 647.5 HAS or 29.1 % of the land area, and it is
suitable for the fishponds.
3.2.1.3.5 Natural Drain
The entire land area of the Davao City drained towards the Davao Gulf that is also
primarily catchment of the 182 Barangay's. The Davao City River and other connected river is the
primary drainage system of the City. The Talomo River rank as the secondary drainage system of
the City wherein it is the drainage outlet as well of the eastern slopes of Mt. Apo.
FIGURE 4. DAVAO CITY TOPOGRAPHIC MAP. SOURCE: GOOGLE MAPS
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3.2.1.3.6 Climate
The Davao City climate is mild tropical climate, with an average annual
temperature of 22-degree Celsius (71.6 Fahrenheit) and 32.3-degree Celsius (89.6 Fahrenheit). The
average wind speed of the City is 7.2 Mph to its maximum wind speed of 9.8 mph and 7 miles
visibility and the average wind gust of 9.4 mph. The city enjoys its climate wherein days are always
sunshiny and followed by the rain at night. The city is rarely or lacks seasonal variation since the
city is outside of the typhoon belt.
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FIGURE 5. FROM NEAREST WEATHER STATION: DAVAO, PHILIPPINES (7.4 KM).SOURCE: GOOGLE
FIGURE 5. AVERAGE TEMPERATURES OF DAVAO, PHILIPPINES (7.4 KM).SOURCE: GOOGLE
FIGURE 5..CLIMOGRAPH// WEATHER BY MONTH OF DAVAO, PHILIPPINES SOURCE: CLIMATE-
DATA.ORG
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FIGURE 5. CLIMOGRAPH // WEATHER BY MONTH OF DAVAO, PHILIPPINES SOURCE: CLIMATE-
DATA.ORG
THE DIFFERENCE IN PERCEPTION BETWEEN THE DRIEST AND WETTEST IS 135 MM
3.2.1.3.7 Energy and Supply
The Davao Region has three (3) electric cooperatives that supply energy needs of
the Region. The Davao del Norte Electric Cooperative known as the Daneco is the one who
satisfies the area of Compostela Valley. Second, the Davao Oriental Electric Cooperatives
(DORECO) energy company that provides for the area of Davao Oriental and its Provinces. And
lastly, the Davao Light Power Company that distributes the power supply to Davao City and the
City of Panabo.
3.2.1.3.8 Water Supply
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As the land of Davao City is blessed and abundant of water both the ground and the
surface. With a massive Aquifer from the Calinan to Dumoy and Toril to Mt. Apo it shows of how
abundant the City with water. The groundwater is a major current source of potable water supply
that distributed over 182 Barangay’s as well as the large industries that built within the City.
3.2.1.3.9 Communication
In Davao City, the Philippine Long Distance Telephone or known as PLDT also
the postal services are provided in the City by the Regional Post office and also by the Metro
Davao Postal Network. There are also LBC and other multi-national postal companies that gives
24 hours delivery services.
3.2.1.4 Micro Site Analysis
3.2.1.4.1 Technical Description
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The chosen site for the Metro Davao Geriatric hospital has a total land area
of 7.88 hectares or approximately 78, 856.71 square meters and it is located inside the Azuela
Cove property. The site has an access view to the ocean of the Island Garden City of Samal, and
it is one of the elements in Biophilic Architecture that helps the users or the patients to improve
the condition.
FIGURE 6. BEARING AND AZIMUTH MAP OF THE SITE SOURCE: GOOGLE MAP
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3.2.1.4.2 Location and Vicinity Map
FIGURE 7. LOCATION AND VICINITY MAP SOURCE: GOOGLE MAP
3.2.1.4.3 Sun Path
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3.2.1.4.4 Wind Path
FIGURE 13. WIND PATH DIRECTION SOURCE: GOOGLE MAP
Microclimate
The chosen site for the project has a warm-humid and mild tropical
climate. Since the site is experiencing the 27 to 32 degree Celsius during the day and 21 to 27
degree Celsius at night. Based on the figure above shown by the direction of the sun and the
wind, multiple considerations and a thorough analysis should apply.
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3.2.1.5.1 Zoning
Figure 14. SITE ZONING MAP SOURCE: DAVAO CITY LAND USED AND ZONING MAP
According to the office of City Planning and Development Office (CPDO) the chosen
site falls specifically under a PUD-INS or Planned Unit Development- Institutional.
3.2.1.5.2 Accessibility
As per mentioned by the proponents in the site criteria the access of the site must
be considered. The site has a critical issue, and that is the emergency site access. Since the one
access of the site is in front of the intersection road of J.P Laurel and the R Castillo, Agdao that
will serve as an entrance and exit, the proponents point out the alternative route in case of
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emergency situation. The road that will serve as ambulance emergency access is the N. Arroyo
Street.
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3.2.1.5.3 Traffic
Figure 16. TRAFFIC FLOW IN THE INTERSECTION OF J.P LAUREL AVENUE AND R.CASTILLO, AGDAO ST.
SOURCE: GOOGLE MAP
As shown on the map there's no heavy traffic around the chosen site. The road of
the site has moderate traffic congestion that will help the users and the emergency vehicles
to access the proposed project.
3.2.1.5.4 Topography
The topographic map of the site is one of the factors to be considered by the
proponent. The site is relatively flat but has a 7 % slope terrain.
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3.2.1.5.5 Utilities
The existing utilities such as the water and the power surround in the projected
site are supplied and connected to the Davao City Water District (DCWD) and the Davao Light
Power Company (DLPC). Since the neighboring site for the proposal are low-density residential,
major commercial and light industrial zone that is why the utilities are readily available.
3.2.1.5.6 Vehicular Entry
As stated above by the proponent the projected site can be accessed thru the J.P
Laurel Avenue and the R.Castillo ST. Agdao that both major roads that serve the public and private
utility vehicle, both the streets are two-way driveways.
3.2.1.5.7 Noise
The noise around the site is generated from a different area. The intersection road
that passes by the cars is one of the unwanted noise that can distract the users and since it is near
the sea of the Island Garden City of Samal, the sound of the waves from the sea produces a calming
sound that has a massive impact to the user in terms of its healing process.
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SOURCE: GOOGLE MAP
3.2.1.5.8 Views
Weaknesses and threats of the site are also significant to be tackled and analyze by the
proponent despite its strengths and opportunities presented above that helps the site analysis
process. The weaknesses and threats of the site will be discussed under the site constraints.
Figure 16. TRAFFIC FLOW IN THE INTERSECTION OF J.P LAUREL AVENUE AND R.CASTILLO,
AGDAO ST. SOURCE: GOOGLE MAP
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3.2.1.6 Site Constraints
3.2.1.6.1 Fault line location
SOURCE: GOOGLE MAP
The nearest active fault line of the site named "Central Fault Systems" approximately 10
km away from the site with the segment name "New Carmen Fault" and it was mapped in the
year 2015.
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3.2.1.4.2 Flood Area Location
Figure 18. FLOOD MAP
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3.2.1.4.3 Site Maps
Figure 19. SITE MAP
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3.2.3 Site Photos
The proponent takes site photos presented above during the site visit and actual inspection.
The proponent analyzes the feature of the site during the visit, and the proponent observed that the
chosen site has a good factor for the project proposal to be built. With the huge area that will give
a good circulation to the users and the ambiance of different types of vegetation that would provide
a good quality of air.
3.2.4 Viability Studies
3.2.4.1 Technical Viability and Environmental Impact Assessment
3.2.1.4.1 Technology
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The proposed Metro Davao Geriatric Hospital will be engaging in the
modern technologies, and it must be incorporated into the construction method to all the
buildings of the proposal. By employing into advance construction technology is very
beneficial, it will increase the level of construction technology of the structure, the safety,
sustainability and value for money with the appropriate training of the project team. The
overall construction would use the traditional cast- in place construction method and with
the use of industrial and quality materials that will help to achieve the concept and
environmental needs of the users and reduce the polluting emissions from the building
materials. Mobilization for the construction is a must applied to monitor the on-going
project and to avoid delays and extension. Different firms, engineers, multiple
contractors, and other building professionals will be part of the building construction
since this proposal is fueled or funded by the government.
3.2.1.4.2 Cost
Land Acquisition Cost:
The chosen site has approximately 7 hectares located along the R. Castillo
St., under the Azuela Cove managed by the Ayala Group of Company. The land
cost per square meter of the Lang Area in the market nowadays ranges from 60,
000-120, 000 per square meter same to the market value of Matina Area (Prime
Philippines, 2017). To get the total Land Acquisition Cost the formula will be:
Total Lot Area x Assessed value per sq. m = Land Acquisition Cost
TLA x AV= LAC
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78,856.71 sq. m x 60, 000 = LAC
4, 731, 402, 600 = LAC
Average Building Construction Cost:
In getting the average building construction cost for the institutional
building projects, the square meter for the building construction cost is 54, 200 sq.
m.
Therefore,
Total Floor Area x Building Construction Cost = Total Building Construction
Cost
TBC = (approx.) 20,500 sq. m x 54, 000 per sq. m
TBC = 1, 111, 100. 00
Average Project Cost:
The proponent already sums up the total of Land Acquisition Cost and the
Average Bldg. Cost. This time is the final phase to get the Average Project Cost
of the proposed project.
Therefore:
Average Land Acquisition Cost + Average Bldg. Construction Cost =
Average Project Cost
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LAC + ABC = APC
PHP 4, 731, 402, 600 + 1, 111, 100 = APC
APC = PHP 4, 732, 513, 700
3.2.1.4.3 Project Delivery Schedule
This phase of the construction talks about the time frame which is the
critical factor in project programming. To map the time frame of the proposal during the
developments, the proponent uses four phase's method that will serve as a guide or
reference to monitor the project delivery schedule.
 PHASE 1 : Building
In this phase, it includes the studying and thorough analysis
of the site such as; land use, geographical location, and its
contour. The later part of this phase is conducting the
feasibility study to assure the functionality of the project.
 PHASE 2 : Planning
In this phase, it talks about the preparations for all the
working drawings needed.
 PHASE 3 : Evaluating
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After all the plans and feasibility study presented the next
step to be done is to evaluate the scheme of the project if it
is fit or suitable for the implementation.
 PHASE 4 : Implementing
This is the final stage of the time frame it includes all the
documents and analysis. The team that involves in this
stage will be the one to make the Request for Information's
(RFI's). The success of the project delivery requires the
implementation of the management systems. Management
that in- charge or the one who control changes in the scope,
costs, the schedule and the quality of the project
investment.
3.2.4.1.3.1 Resource Requirements

3.2.4.1.3.1.1 Materials
The materials that will be using for the proposal are locally available in
the Region and within Country as well. And the materials that will be used in the
proposed project are durable, resistant to corrosion and natural materials in
response to the concept and approach.
3.2.4.1.3.1.2 Manpower
For the new health care facility proposal, the project team must
compose of an expert in the field of designing and constructing a healthcare
facility.
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3.2.4.1.3.1.3 Equipment
The proposed project equipment will be provided and manage by
the big firms of contractors that capable to supply heavy and important equipment
such as Dredgers, Cranes, Excavators, Loaders, Bulldozers, Concrete Mixture,
Compactors and other constructor vehicles that will set the construction phase as a
whole.
3.2.1.5 Legal Viability
3.2.1.5.1 Design Laws, Codes and Guidelines
The proposed Metro Davao Geriatric Hospital shall be planned in correspond to
the laws and guidelines set by the different organization as part of normal professional
practice. Hence, the reference for the laws, codes, and guidelines according to the DOH
shall be guided to the following.
3.2.1.5.1.1 P.D 1096- National Building Code of the Philippines
Designing and planning a structure is hereby declared to the policy of the
State to safeguard the life of the users, its health, property, and public welfare consistent
with the principles of environmental management and control. Hence, the P.D. 1096 or
known as National Building Code of the Philippines provides a framework of minimum
standards and requirements to inhibit and restrain the following: their location, site,
design, quality of materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance. Therefore, by
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following the rules and regulations that set by the National Building Codes of the Philippines in
the construction, it will ensure the security and safety of the building or the project.
3.2.1.5.1.2 BP 344: Accessibility Law of the Philippines
In designing and planning a building, the BP 344 or Accessibility law
should be considered. Accessibility requirements must be followed to give the equal
treatment on the rights of the disabled person for them to participate fully in the social
life and the development of the societies in which they live in. Therefore, the proposed
project must provide the following for the disabled persons:
Service Ramps
The minimum clear width of a ramp shall be 1.20 and gradient not
steeper than 1:12, cut by a 1.50 m (min.) landing at every 6.0 m length with
0.90m (min.) height of the railings. Service ramps shall have the friction of about
0.60 for level surfaces and 0.8 for sloping ones.
PWD Parking Requirement
The establishment should provide parking for every 1-25 regular
parking slots (1:25).
Railings
The establishment should provide railings to support the balance of
the PWD.
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These facilities and spaces mentioned above can enhance the
mobility of disabled persons.
3.2.1.5.1.3 PD 856: Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
The public healthcare facility should promote and preserve the health of
the people by knowing the responsibility of the facilities in proper sanitation. The laws or
code are the guides for different projects to ensure that the health facilities keep up with
the modern standard of sanitation.
3.2.1.6.1.4 RA 1378: National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
This code is to secure the proper installation of the plumbing system to
avoid waste disposal problems that may lead to health problem if it is not implemented
correctly. The waste disposal and other hazardous substances should dispose of in the
proper disposal procedure provided by the management and approved by the local
government to avoid contamination that can trigger the health of the users.
3.2.1.6.1.5 PD 1185: Fire Code of the Philippines
It is the policy of the State to ensure the public safety and security in case
of fire. Therefore, under the guidance of the Fire Code of the Philippines, the structure
must provide sprinkler system, fire alarm system, fire exit, fire extinguisher, and other
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fire protection features to ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety
measures and promote accountability in the fire protection and prevention services.
3.2.6 Financial Viability
3.2.6.1 Source of Funds
. The allocated budget given by the Philippine Government to the Department of
Health (DOH) is in the amount of P 171. 9 B including budgetary support of government
corporations with 12.3 % increase from the past year 2017, according to General
Appropriations Act (GAA) of 2018.
The budget for implementation of the Health Facilities Enhancement Program is
amounting to P 29.03 B. The scope of the budget for the construction, upgrading,
expansion, rehabilitation, and repair or land acquisition for barangay health station, rural
health units, local government unit hospitals, regional medical center, dangerous drugs
abuse treatment centers, rehabilitation, and specialized hospital (DOH, 2018).
The said budget is to address the medical needs of the Filipino people. It is to
ensure to have access, to adequate health care, education and social protection programs
to the youth and the elderly.
3.2.1.7.1 Return of Investment
The return of investment for this project is not applicable essential since the
government will fund this healthcare facility by the Act of 2018 the General
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Appropriations'. This facility will serve the community especially the senior citizen, and
it will not be used as an income generating purposes.
As per mentioned earlier that this facility is under the government, the source of
funds will be extracted or generated from the hospital fees, clinical services, private
wards, and other services that offered from the hospital.
3.2.1.8 Design Proposal
Based on the thorough analysis of the data that gathered and presented in
the preceding chapters, and in-depth analysis of the site for the projects. The proponent
concludes to propose a new feature of health care facility that will give more attention and value
to the medical needs of the geriatric patients.
The architectural design of the proposed Metro Davao Geriatric Hospital will adopt and engage
the concepts and principles of biophilic architecture as an architectural approach while providing
a model that ergonomically accessible to all and easy to use. It is a health care facility that will
change the perception of the geriatric patients. A health care facility that will help them to
recover, to reduce stress and negative emotions, and will promote the quality of life of the
geriatric patients.
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CHAPTER IV:
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMING
4.2 Behavioral Analysis
The proposed project will accommodate the needs of geriatric patients in the
Region to meet their satisfaction as users. The proponent identified the users of Metro Davao
Geriatric Hospital based on the facilities that the users will use a certain facility. Therefore, the 2
main facilities that will be embedded in the proposed project will accommodate the needs of
geriatric patients. The remaining 2 facilities will help to nourish the proposed hospital.
In this chapter, the proponent will present the architectural programming to the
development of the Proposed Metro Davao Geriatric Hospital. It includes the discussion of the
behavioral analysis, spatial interrelationship analysis, qualitative analysis, general and detailed
requirements, space matrices, the organizational structure of the major buildings.
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4.2.4.1 PUBLIC ZONE
LEGEND
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4.2.4.2 SEMI- PRIVATE AND PRIVATE
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4.2.4.3 SERVICE ZONE
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4.2.4.4 OUTER ZONE
4.2.4.4.1 OUTPATIENTS
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4.2.4.4.2 INFORMATION STAFF
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4.2.4.4.3 EMERGENCY PATIENTS/ IN-PATIENTS
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4.2.4.4.4 FAMILY MEMBER’S FLOW
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4.2.4.5 SECOND ZONE
4.2.4.5.1 PHARMACY STAFF FLOW
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4.2.4.5.2 MEDICAL STAFF
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4.2.4.5.3 RADIOLOGY TECHNICIANS
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4.2.4.6 INNER ZONE
4.2.4.6.1 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
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4.2.4.6.2 NURSING ATTENDANTS
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4.2.4.6.3 MEDICAL DOCTORS (GERIATRICIAN’S)
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4.2.4.7 DEEP ZONE
4.2.4.7.1 MEDICAL DOCTORS (GERIATRICS SURGEON)
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4.2.4.8 SERVICE ZONE
4.2.4.8.1 TECHNICIANS
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4.2.4.8.2 DIETITIANS
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4.2.4.8.3 MAINTENANCE AND HOUSE KEEPING PERSONNEL
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4.2.4.9 FLOW OF THE USERS IN THE GERIATRIC HOSPITAL
4.2.4.9.1 GROUND FLOOR PHASE 1
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4.2.4.9.2 GROUND FLOOR PHASE 2
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4.2.4.9.3 SECOND FLOOR PHASE 1
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4.2.4.9.4 SECOND FLOOR PHASE 2
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4.2.4.9.5 THIRD FLOOR (MEDICAL PERSONNEL AREA)
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4.2.4.10 GENERALS FLOW IN OUTPATIENTS’ THERAPY CENTER
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4.2.4.11 GENERALS FLOW OF THE USER IN ENGINNERING AND
MAINTENANCE BUILDING
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4.2.4.12 GENERALS FLOW OF THE USERS RESEARCH, LABORATORY AND
TEACHING BUILDING
4.1.12.1 GROUND FLOOR
4.1.12.2 SECOND FLOOR
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4.3 INTERRELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS
4.3.1 ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
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4.3.2 SURGICAL DEPARTMENT
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4.3.3 NURSING DEPARTMENT
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4.3.4 EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
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4.3.5 PHARMACY DEPARTMENT
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4.3.6 RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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4.3.7 DIETARY SERVICES
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4.3.8 LINEN AND LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT
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4.3.9 LABORATORY DEPARTMENT
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4.2.10 REHABILITATION DEPARMENT
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4.2.11 ENGINEERING MAITENANCE DEPARTMENT
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4.3 Qualitative Analysis
GOALS FACTS CONCEPT NEEDS PROBLEM
FUNCTION - To provide a - SITE: - A stay - Proper -Aging

 PEOPLE Therapeutic At the cation design of population
 ACTIVITIES health care intersection of health care health care of Davao
facility for the J.P Laurel facility facility that City
 RELATIONSHIP
aged patient Avenue and vibes for the will gives a
 COMMUNITY with in the R.Castillo St., aged feeling of -Lack of
interior and Agdao patients. safety health care
exterior of the environment facility and
facility through - LOT SIZE: - to the doesn’t
ergonomics 7.88 hectares Therapeutic patients. have a
approach and total land area environment geriatric
biophilic (under the lot feels. -Natural department
architecture. of the Azuela Light and for the
Cove and - Stress free ventilation senior
- To promote a owned by the environment design. citizen in
healing Ayala Land) . SPMC.
environment -Proper
that stays away - 500 meters medical care -
from the distance from and Institutiona
institutional the shoreline of treatment. l look of
look that cause the Islang majority
the high level Garden City of hospital
of stress and Samal facility that
health triggered
problems. - Under PUD- the stress
INS (Planned level of
- To meet the Unit aged
needs and Development patients.
proper health
care of -Lack of
geriatric medical
patents. expert in
handling a
geriatric
patients in
the Region.
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FORM - Efficient land -The site is -Biophilic - -The site

 SITE used well Architecture Application has a slope
 ENVIRONMENT maintained by of Biophilic of 5 %.
- Efficient and the - Stress free Architecture
 QUALITY
sustainable management of environment -Aged
 BUILDING design Ayla lands. patients has
FACADE a feeling of
-huge numbers uncomforta
of trees are ble,
present in the threatening
location and high
level of
- visible to all stress in the
private and hospital
public vehicles
ECONOMY - Sustainable - Total land - Costing -Provide
 INITIAL BUDGET cost and and
 OPERATING -Economic Estimating effective
COST wise -Total land analysis design to
construction - Energy meet the
 LIFE CYCLE
cost efficient budget
COST design allotted by
-Total Project the
Cost Governmen
t.
TIME - Adaptable to - - - Facility
 PAST changes. Adaptability Maintenanc
 PRESENT - e
 FUTURE Expansible
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4.5 GENERAL AND DETAILED SPACE REQUIREMENTS
4.5.1 OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT
AREA APPROX. TOTAL AREA

SPACE QTY. (Sq. m.) DIMENSION (Sq. m.)
RECEPTION OFFICE 1 18 4X4.5 18
WAITING AREA 1 64 8X8 64
LOBBY 1 126 10X12.5 126
TOILET FACILITIES 2 21 3X7 21
CARDIOLOGIST 6 30 6X5 30
CLINIC
PULMONOLOGIST 6 30 6X5 30
CLINIC
ONCOLOGIST CLINIC 3 30 6X5 30
ENDOCRINOLOGIST 3 30 6X5 30
CLINIC
UROLOGIST CLINIC 6 30 6X5 30
GASTROENTOLOGIST 3 30 6X5 30
CLINIC
GERIATRICIAN 6 30 6X5 30
CLINIC
ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC 3 30 6X5 30
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PSYCHIATRIST 3 30 6X5 30
CLINIC
RHEUMATOLOGIST 3 30 6X5 30
CLINIC
EENT CLINIC 3 30 6X5 30
DENTIST CLINIC 3 30 6X5 30
DEPARTMENT HEAD 1 24 4X6 24

OFFICE
4.5.2 CLINICAL SERVICES

RECEPTION 1 18 4X4.5 18
DOCTORS 1 15 3X5 15
OFFICE
EXAMINATION/ 1 15 3X5 15
TREATMENT
ROOM
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4.5.3 RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT

RECEPTION 1 18 4X4.5 18
OFFICE
WAITING 1 64 8X8 64
AREA
RADIOLOGIST 1 20 4X5 20
OFFICE
DRESSING 1 6 2X3 6
CUBICLE
LIGHT ROOM 1 24 4X6 24
DARK ROOM 1 24 4X6 24
X-RAY ROOM 2 24 4X6 24
FILM ROOM 1 24 4X6 24
TOILET
FACILITIES 1 21 6X3.5 21
STORAGE 1 6 2X3 6
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4.5.4 EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

STRETCHER’S/ 1 12 4X4 12
WHEELCHAIRS
SECTION
RECEIVING 1 120 10X12 120

AREA
TRIAGE 1 15 3X5 15
ADMITTING 1 120 10X12 24

AREA
CONSULTATION 1 12 4X4 12
AREA
NURSE 1 12 4X4 12
STATION
DOCTOR’S 1 56 7X8 56
OFFICE
DOCTOR’S
ROOM 1 36 6X6 36
NURSE ROOM 1 36 6X6 36
EXAMINING 1 180 12X15 180

/TREATMENT
AREA
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CENTRAL 1 24 12X12 24
SUPPLY ROOM
EQUIPMENT 1 30 6X5 30
ROOM
OPERATING 2 42 7X6 42
ROOM
RECOVERY 1 30 6X5 30
ROOM
SCRUB UP 1 12 4X3 12
SUB-
STERILIZED 1 12 3X4 12
SECTION
OBSERVATION 1 144 12X12 144

AREA
CLEAN LINEN 1 6 2X3 6
SOILED LINEN 1 6 2X3 6
ICU 1 35 7X5 35
TOILET 1 21 6X3.5 6X3.5

FACILITIES
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4.5.5 SURGICAL DEPARTMENT

MAJOR OPERATING 2 90 9X10 90

ROOM
MINOR OPERATING 1 56 7X8 56

ROOM
RECOVERY ROOM 1 30 6X5 30
SUB-STERILIZING 1 12 4X3 15
STATION
SCRUB-UP 1 12 4X3 24
SURGICAL 1 9 3X3 9
SUPERVISOR’S
CUBICLE
STERILE 1 30 6X5 30
INSTRUMENT &
SUPPLY STORAGE
ANESTHESIOLOGIST 1 12 4X3 12
PLACE
CENTRAL
STERILIZING & 1 123 12.33X10 123
SUPPLY
DOCTOR’S LOCKER
ROOM 1 36 6X6 36
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NURSES LOCKER 1 36 6X6 36

ROOM
ICU / CCU 1 35 7X5 35
STRETCHER’S AND
WHEELCHAIRS 1 12 4X3 12
AREA
4.5.6 CENTRAL STERILIZING AND SUPPLY SERVICES

RECEIVING & 1 12 4X3 12

RELEASING
AREA
AUTOCLAVE 1 15 3X5 64
WORK AREA 1 42 7X6 42
STERILE 1 30 6X5 30
SUPPLY
STORAGE
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4.5.7 INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

NURSE 1 12 4X3 12
STATION
DOCTORS 1 15 3X5 15
STATION
LOUNGING 1 40 8X5 40
AREA
ROOMS W/ 2 30 6X5 30
BED
TOILET 1 30 6X5 30
FACILITIES
4.5.8 ADMINISTRATION AREA

LOBBY 1 120 10X12 120
INFORMATION 1 120 10X12 120

COUNTER
ADMITTING 1 120 10X12 24

OFFICE
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MEDICAL 1 30 6X5 30
RECORDS ROOM
ACCOUNTING 1 72 8X9 72
OFFICE
FINANCE 1 72 8X9 72
DEPARTMENT
ADMINISTRATION 1 72 8X9 72
OFFICE
DIRECTOR’S 1 24 4X6 24
OFFICE
GERIATRICS 1 72 8X9 72
DEPARTMENT
SURGICAL 1 72 8X9 72
DEPARTMENT
NURSING 1 72 8X9 72
DEPARTMENT
SOCIAL SERVICE 1 72 8X9 72
SECURITY OFFICE 1 72 8X9 72
1 72 8X9 72
CONFERENCE
ROOM
MULTI-PURPOSE 1 144 12X12 144

ROOM
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STAFF LOUNGE 1 30 6X5 30
RECEIVING
REPORT / STOCK 1 54 6X9 54
PURCHASING
AREA
CHAPEL 1 64 8X8 64
TOILETS 1 21 3X7 21
FACILITIES
TELEPHONE 1 3 1.5X3 3
BOOTHS
4.5.9 MORGUE AND AUTOPSY

RECEIVING 1 20 4X5 20
VESTIBLE
RELEASING 1 20 4X5 20
VESTIBLE
AUTOPSY 1 20 4X5 20
ROOM
MORGUE W/ 1 20 4X5 20
FREEZER
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4.5.10 LAUNDRY AND LINEN DEPARTMENT

RECEIVING AREA 1 25 5X5 25
SORTING AREA 1 25 5X5 25
LAUNDRY
SUPERVISORS’S 1 12 4X3 12
CUBICLE
WASHING & 1 30 6X5 30

RINSING AREA
DRYING AREA 1 30 6X5 30
PRESSING & 1 30 6X5 30

FOLDING AREA
IRONING AREA 1 30 6X5 30
SEWING AREA 1 30 6X5 30
CENTRAL LINEN 1 49 7X7 49

STORAGE
HOUSEKEEPING 1 49 7X7 49
QUARTER
RELEASING AREA 1 25 5X5 25
TOILET
FACILITIES 1 30 6X5 30
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WATER TANK 1
AREA
4.5.11 LABORATORY DEPARTMENT

RECEPTION AREA 1 18 4X4.5 18
RECEIVING
SPECIMEN 1 12 4X3 12
VENIPUNCTURE
ROOM 1 12 4X3 12
TOILET 1 21 3X7 21
FACILITIES
BLOOD 1 9 3X3 9
DONATION ROOM
HEMATOLOGY 1 9 3X3 9
SEROLOGY 1 9 3X3 9
URINALYSIS 1 9 3X3 9
BIOCHEMISTRY 1 12 4X3 12
BACTERIOLOGY 1 12 4X3 12
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HISTOLOGY 1 12 4X3 12
WASHNG
APPARATUS 1 9 3X3 9
AREA
STERILIZING
APPARATUS 1 9 3X3 9
AREA
APPARATUS 1 12 4X3 12
STORAGE
PATOLOGIST’S 1 25 5X5 25
OFFICE
TECHNICIAN’S
LOCKER ROOM 1 9 3X3 9
4.4.12 REHABILITATION DEPARTMENT

LOBBY 1 18 4X4.5 18
RECEPTION AREA
1 12 4X3 12
MEDICAL
RECORDS ROOM 1 12 4X3 12
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DEPARTMENT 1 24 4X6 24
HEAD OFFICE
PHYSICAL
THERAPIST 1 24 4X6 24
OFFICE
PHYSICAL
THERAPY ROOM 1 123 12.33X10 123
SPEECH
OFFICE
SPEECH THERAPY
ROOM 1 49 7X7 49
EXERCISE& 1 120 10X12 120

YOGA ROOM
CB THERAPIST
OFFICE 1 24 4X6 24
CB THERAPY 1 120 10X12 120

ROOM
HEARING AND
VSION 1 24 4X6 24
THERAPIST
OFFICE
HEARING AND 1 120 10X12 120

VSION THERAPY
ROOM
MEMORY
OFFICE
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MEMORY
THERAPY ROOM 1 49 7X7 49
EQUIPTMENT 1 40 8X5 40
STORAGE ROOM
TOILET 1 21 3X7 21
FACILITIES
4.5.13 ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING 1 64 8X8 64
OFFICE
WORK AREA
1 35 7X5 35
GARAGE
1 30 6X5 30
WASHING &
GREASING AREA 1 30 6X5 30
STORAGE ROOM 1 40 8X5 40
SUPPLY ROOM 1 40 8X5 40
DRIVER’S 1 25 5X5 25
QUARTER
BULK STORAGE 1 54 6X9 54
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FURNITURE 1 54 6X9 54
STORAGE
MAINTENANCE 1 64 8X8 64
OFFICE
FURNITURE 1 40 8X5 40
REPAIR SHOP
EQUIPTMENT
MAINTENANCE 1 40 8X5 40
AREA
ELECTRICAL
ROOM 1 54 6X9 54
MECHANICAL
ROOM 1 54 6X9 54
TOILET 1 21 3X7 21
FACILITIES
4.5.14 DIETARY SERVICES

DELIVERY 1 64 8X8 64
RECEIVING AREA
DRY STORAGE
1 30 6X5 30
COLD STORAGE
1 30 6X5 30
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FRUITS & VEG.

STORAGE 1 12 3X4 12
CAFFETERIA 1 40 8X5 40
SERVING AREA 1 21 3X7 21
FOOD
PREPARATION 1 21 3X7 21
AREA
BAKING AREA 1 54 6X9 54
COOKING AREA 1 21 3X7 21
PATIENT’S FOOD
PREPARATION & 1
DISTRIBUTION
AREA
EQUIPMENT 1 40 8X5 40
STORAGE
HANDS WASHING 1 4 2X2 4

AREA
GARBAGE
DISPOSAL AREA 1 9 3X3 9
DISWASHING
AREA 1 12 3X4 12
DIETITIANS
OFFICE 1 24 4X6 24
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HELP’S LOCKER 1 21 3X7 21

ROOM
HELP’S QUARTER 1 25 5X5 25
STAFF DINING 1 30 6X5 30

HALL
TOILET 1 21 3X7 21
FACILITIES
4.5.15 PHARMACY DEPARTMENT

RECEIVING / 1 64 8X8 64
BREAKOUT &
INSPECTION
PHARMACISTS’ 1 25 5X5 25
OFFICE
EXTEMPORANEOUS
PREPARATION 1 30 6X5 30
DISPENSING AREA 1 40 8X5 40
CASHIER / 1 9 3x3 9
COUNTER
DRUG STORAGE
1 30 6X5 30
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FLAMMABLE 1 54 6X9 54
STORAGE
4.6 SPACE MATRIX
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4.7 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
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4.5 OUTDOOR SPACE REQUIREMENTS
The project proposal is composed of outdoor spaces, the spaces for the outdoor
facilities identified based on the needs of the major facilities of the proposal. The outdoor spaces
is composed of healing garden, maintenance building, parking area and open areas. And every
supporting facilities have their own goals and objectives that will help the entire development.
HEALING GARDEN
This outdoor facility is located in the center of the 4 buildings. This facility is
intended for the geriatric patients and their family members. The goal of this space is to give a
healing environment to the users through the access of the biophilic elements. The number one
elements of the biophilic patterns is the visual and connection with nature. Therefore, the stress
level of the geriatric patients will reduce and it will improve the quality of life of the patients.
MAINTENANCE BUILDING
The use of this facility is to cater the maintenance needs of all the buildings and the
outdoor facilities of the site. The main goal of this facility is to provide the institution to operate
and render their best to give a good quality services for the proposal.
OPEN AREAS OR PARKING AREA
The function of this outdoor facility is to connect the users and support their
secondary activities, and it is placed according to its function or uses to the entire site.
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CHAPTER V
SYNTHESIS
5.1 Design Philosophy

In this chapter, the proponent adopted the philosophy for the project proposal Metro
Davao Geriatric Hospital of one of the international architectural firm named Jacobsen
Architectural, LLC as the leading design philosophy for the plan. The firm is a founding partner
of the internationally acclaimed architectural firm Jacobsen Architecture of Simon Jacobsen and
his father Hugh Newell Jacobsen, F.A.I.A. The design philosophy of Jacobsen Architectural,
LLC captured the essence and purpose of the study on their famous statement to the client:
“The eloquence in the language of architecture is measured by how
building is put together. The joining of materials in a manner that retains
the integrity of each part, while assigning a function compatible and
advantageous to its nature, has always been measured of “seriousness” in
architecture.”
-Jacobsen Architectural, LLC
The idea of the firm in bringing the purpose of their design to the client expresses the "how"
of the buildings and it reinforces the "why" when it's done with great care and skill. The firm itself
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believe that a good detailing of a design of the structure should never exhibit the agony that
produces but rather show that the good design went together with the way it wanted to go together
and seems that it had not been detailed at all. As one of the partners, an architect of the firm named
Khan said that the good detailing put together as “the way it wants to be. Those design philosophy
of the said architectural firms, the proponent will incorporate it into the technicalities of the study.
On the other hand, it is necessary that during the design planning must evaluate and considered a
detailing process and its function that advantageous to the nature of the building.
The second philosophy for the project that will help during the design process is
"The Care Building."
This second design philosophy aims to establish a caring facility that fit the personality of
the users. A facility that detailed in response to the needs of the users and connected to the first
philosophy that a function compatible and advantageous to nature. This design philosophy
covers the improvement of the quality of life of the patient thru the good detailing design. The
building form inspired by the beehive concept and will be discussed further on the architectural
concept section.
5.2 Design Objectives
The objectives of the proposed project Metro Davao Geriatric Hospital will eliminate the
negative perspective of geriatric patients in the hospital. According to Scott Habjan, the past and
present healthcare facilities were focused on giving support to the patient care team than the
actual patient. The proponent will develop a facility that will welcome the patients with
compatible feeling and a feeling of going to the vacation than to a doctor’s clinic. The proposed
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project intended to develop and establish an architectural design of a modern geriatric facility for
the older adult that 60 years and above. This architectural design will meet the level of
satisfaction regarding medical care and services that will offer to the geriatric patients. The
design of the structure will use biophilic design as a healing and therapeutic environment that
will give natural perspective and effectively eliminates stress and anxiety from the built
environment while addressing the medical needs and conditions of the patients associated with
aging. As Kellert and Heerwagen said, “biophilic design it’s not about of creating green walls
around the structure or increasing the perspective of trees and shrubs, much more
biophilic design it is about humanity’s place in nature and the natural world’s place in
human society..”
5.3 Architectural Design Considerations
1. ACCESSIBILITY
Designing a living structure that will promote a highly accessible environment
and spaces for the users. Both disable, and able ones of this project will share the same access
and usage of the facility.
2. SECURITY AND SAFETY

Designing a highly specialized hospital must promote safety and security for the
users. The users must experience the concept of having a safe environment
wherein outpatients visit as unthreatening and as comfortable as possible.
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3. USERS
Designing a highly specialized facility that promotes integrated care to the users in
providing medical and other treatment services to the elderly patients.
4. LIGHTING SENSITIVITY
Creating a healing facility environment also considered the different types
of lighting. Using the specific kind of lighting that will help the medical treatment of the users
and will not cause any harm. And the light is highly sensitive to the interior of the building
structure.
5. NOISE LEVEL
Designing a highly specialized hospital that considering the level of noise from the
outside of the facility to reduce the stress of the patients.
6. WASTE DISPOSAL
Introducing a new method of safe waste disposal for all medical waste will be vital
to avoid health and environmental risk.
7. AESTHETIC
An aesthetically pleasing structure for the patients that will connect with
them and help the quality of life of the users in the sense of the healing process.
8. Circulation
Designing and planning a structure that promoting a connection between the users
and the facilities. A natural flow that will help them to be at ease during the medical treatment.
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9. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLOR
Color and light have a significant impact on the mood and health of the users
especially to the elderly.
10. ERGONOMICS
Designing a facility that introduces the study of the man-machine- working
environment that aims to decrease the physical and mental stresses of the elderly
patients.
5.4 Architectural Concept

5.4.1 Light
Light has an essential role in the built environment. The neuro-perspective reaction
mechanism of light and its environmental adaptation by the human body can induce specific
emotional states or behavior of the human body. Light can boost the excitement, move, impress,
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communicate, heal and generate wellness, creating a sense of harmony and syntony of the
person’s body with the surrounding environment (Birren, 1969a, 1969b; Flynn et al., 1973).
The light design may also influence and perceives the mood of the person, creating a
sense of calm and rest that feels like in a sacred environment like a temple or church (Flynn,
1973). On the other hand, the light knew as environmental "cognitive map" and subjective
human perception.
5.4.1 Bee Hive
Light has an essential role in the built environment. The neuro-perspective reaction
mechanism of light and its environmental adaptation by the human body can induce specific
emotional states or behavior of the human body. Light can boost the excitement, move, impress,
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communicate, heal and generate wellness, creating a sense of harmony and syntony of the
person’s body with the surrounding environment (Birren, 1969a, 1969b; Flynn et al., 1973).
The light design may also influence and perceives the mood of the person, creating a
sense of calm and rest that feels like in a sacred environment like a temple or church (Flynn,
1973). On the other hand, the light knew as environmental "cognitive map" and subjective
human perception.
5.5 Architectural Design Parameters

1. ENVIRONMENT
Healthcare facilities should be located and planned that is readily accessible to the
users. The hospital environment setting should free from the disturbance such as noise, smoke,
dust, flood and foul odor that will affect their health. Aside from that, the hospital setting shall
not be located to the environment wherein the children's play, near the airport that causes too
much disturbance due to its noise and industrial plants and disposal plants that expose.
2. OCCUPANCY
All the possible location of the hospital should comply with the local zoning
ordinances and the building designed for another purpose shall not be converted into a hospital.
3. SAFETY
As the hospital is built to give medical treatment to the community, therefore,
hospitals and other health facilities should provide and practice safety environment for the
patients that will help them to feel better during the stay or treatment in the hospital. Factors to
considered safety:
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3.1 All the exits of the hospital shall be limited to the particular groups: the door
of the doorways should leading directly to the outside of the building zone, the hospital should
secure interior stair, exterior stair, and ramp.
3.2 The healthcare facilities must have a minimum of (2) exits, and remote from
each other should provide on each floor of the building.
4. SECURITY
Planning of hospital and other healthcare facilities must ensure the safety, not just
for the hospital staff but also to the primary users of the building and its property within the
restricted area.
5. PATIENT MOVEMENT
The space planning for the hospital must be extensive enough for free movement
of the patients for them to feel at ease whether the person or the patients are on beds, stretchers
or wheelchairs. The circulation routes for the patients' movement from one place to another must
be free at all times.
Factors to be considered during space planning for the patient movement:
Factors to be consider during space planning for the patient movement:
5.1 All corridors that access for the medical staff, patients, visitors, and medical
equipment shall have 2.44 meters as the minimum width.
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5.2 Corridors that not usually used for the transport of bed, stretchers and other
substantial medical apparatus of the hospital it can reduce to 1.83 m width of the area.
5.3 The ramp and elevator of the hospital shall be provided for ancillary, clinical
and nursing facility that located on the upper floor of the hospital.
5.4 The slope of the ramp of the hospital shall be provided as access of the
patients to the entrance and not on the level of the site.
6. LIGHTING
Sufficient illumination shall be provided in all areas of the hospital facilities to
promote comfort to the patients. It also helps the patients' health and recovery. It is also has a
positive impact on the performance of the work of the personnel and staff.
7. VENTILLATION
To ensure the comforts of the patients and other public and personnel of the
adequate hospital ventilation must provide during the design planning.
8. AUDITORY AND VISUAL PRIVACY
Acceptable sound level and adequate visual seclusion shall observe in the hospital
and other facilities to achieve the acoustical and privacy requirements to the users.
9. WATER SUPPLY
The hospital should provide a safe drinking supply of water and approved public
water to avoid water contamination to the patients and staff.
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10. WASTE DISPOSAL
All the liquid waste of the hospital shall be discharge or tap into the approved
public sewerage system available in the area. Meanwhile, the solid residue of the hospital should
discharge separately and shall be collected and disposed of following the laws and ordinances for
the safety.
11. SANITATION
The management shall provide the utilities for the maintenance of the sanitary
system for proper sanitation to ensure the healthy environment of the hospital. It includes the
approved water supply and sewerage system.
12. FIRE PROTECTION
Designing a hospital shall consist of the fire alarms in walls, peepholes indoors or
smoke detectors in ceilings. There's also a device to shut down fire such as fire extinguisher or
fire hoses that are easily visible and accessible regarding emergency in strategy areas.
13. SIGNAGE
To the essence of information, orientation, direction, identification, prohibition,
warning and official notice of the hospital. There should be a useful graphics system composed
of some individual visual aids and devices arrange.
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14. ZONING
Planning a hospital should consider the zoning. Different areas of the hospital
shall be group according to zones as follows.
14.1 OUTER ZONE – areas in this zone are immediately accessible to the public
such as emergency service, outpatient service, and administrative service. And those areas shall
be located near the hospital entrance.
14.2 SECOND ZONE - in this section it emphasizes the area that receives
workload from the outer zone. Facilities under this zone are laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology
and they must locate near the outer district.
14.3 INNER ZONE – in this zone nursing services are situated, these areas are
the one provide nursing care to the patient and management of the patients. This facility should
be located in the private areas but in the sense of giving access to the guests.
14.4 DEEP ZONE – in this zone it focuses on the areas that require asepsis to
perform the prescribed services such as surgical services, delivery services, nursery, and
intensive care. Those facilities must be situated in the areas that publicly accessible and also
accessible to the outer, second and the inner zones.
14.5 SERVICE ZONE – the fields in this zone provides the support to the
hospital activities. Hospital activities in this zone are dietary service, housekeeping service,
maintenance and motor pool service, and lastly the mortuary. Those facilities shall be located
and place in the areas that away from the average traffic.
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14. SPACE
Space that sufficient to the users must provide in designing a hospital that will give
more access to them concerning their activity, to the furniture inside and outside the building, and
for the equipment and the utility.
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CHAPTER VI
DESIGN TRANSLATION
6.1 Site Development Plan
e
N s
w
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6.2 Floor Plan
6.2.1 Main Building Ground Floor Plan
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Main Building Second Floor
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Main Building Third Floor
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6.2.2.Engineering and Maintenance Building
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6.2.3Rehabilitation / Therapy Center
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6.2.4 Research & Laboratory Building

Ground Floor Plan
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Second Floor
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6.3 Elevations (Front Elevation)

6.3.1 Main Building (Front Elevation)
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Elevations (Right Elevation)
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6.3.2 Engineering and Maintenance Building (Front & Right Elevation)
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6.3.3 Rehabilitation / Therapy Center (Front & Right Elevation)
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6.3.4 Research and Laboratory Building

(Front & Right Side Elevation)
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6.4 Section
6.4.1 Main Building (Cross Section)
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6.4.2 Engineering and Maintenance Building (Cross Section)
6.4.3 Rehabilitation / Therapy Center (Cross Section)
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6.4.4 Research and Laboratory Building (Longitudinal Section)
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6.5 Exterior Perspectives

6.5.1 Main Building
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6.5.2 Engineering and Maintenance Building
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6.5.3 Rehabilitation / Therapy Center
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6.6 Interior Perspectives

6.6.1 Main Building
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6.6.2 Engineering and Maintenance Building
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6.6.3 Rehabilitation / Therapy Center
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T H E M E T R O D A V A O G E R I A T R I C H O S P I T A L:

A Response focusing to Elderly Providing Ergonomic Approach

1.1.1 Background of the Study

The ageing problem already undergoes a lot of studies in different countries,

or known as The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, physiological effects of

Table 1.1.1 List of ageing medical conditions

(such as intergenerational support for care)(United Nations, 2013)

by almost 20 years between 1950-1955 and 2000-2005.

Ageing in the Philippines

their mental and physical health.

lonely if the facility environment provided for them is not supportive.

even increase longevity (Rodieck, 2010).

be as a disregarded as senile or irresponsible individuals". In the Medical field, geriatrics defined

are four criteria for geriatric patients;

iii. Complex multiple medical system disorders.

geriatric personnel and specialized multi-disciplinary team.

location. ASD defines the role and responsibilities of Geriatricians as:

medical needs of the older people

services to the patients such as orthogeriatrics services and cardogeriatrics services.

Geriatricians expertise in this field of medicine. (e.g. cognitive disorders, Parkinson's

disease, falls, continence, wounds)

with multiple problems.

1.1.2 Statement of the Problem

1. What is the significance of the design of geriatric facility to the users?

process of the aged patients?

1.1.3 Conceptual Framework

1.1.4 Goals and Objectives

The study aims to achieve the following objectives:

level of stress and health problems..

facility by using biophilic architecture.

1.1.5 Scope and Limitation

complete medical care of the aged patient.

1.1.7 Significance of the study

1.1.8 Acronyms and Abbreviations, Definition of Terms, and Concepts

1.8.1 Senior citizens – elderly people aged 65 years and above

aged or charcteristics of aging process

1.8.3 Geriatric population - Used in this research, without intended prejudice or

discrimination, to refer to a sector or a demographic grouping in society who

are from age 60 and above.

of curing and/or caring.

1.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.2.1 Innovations in Hospital Architecture

order to meet that challenge.

– whether brand new buildings, conversion, or extension project (Verderber, 2010).

patients have to be analyzed and fulfilled.

1.2.2 Healing the Mind, Body, and Soul

visual stimulator. In addition, landscaping should be appropriately planned to create a healing

1.2.3 Design for flexibility and expandability

1.2.4. Living for The Elderly

2.1 Research Design

will help to give a multiple views to analyze the research better.

on the advantages and disadvantages of the current design.

2.2 Research Locale

2.3 Research Instrument

2.3.1 Primary Data

2.3.1.1 Mortality and Morbidity Rate of Elderly

Heart Disease Diabetes

Cancer Pneumonia and Influenza

Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Accidents

Heart Disease Diabetes

Cancer Pneumonia and Influenza

Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Accidents

2.3.1.1 Ocular Inspection