n, v,

adj,
unit English word adv, definition
prep, a member of the race of people with dark skins
1 Aborigine conj
n who were the first people to live in Australia
1 administer v to cause someone to receive something
a very large state in northwest of the United
1 Alaska n States
a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and
said or
near thought
rivers and by some
lakes people
in the to beparts
hot, wet the stated
of
1 allegedly adv thing, although
America you have
and China. It hasnoa proof
long nose that is
slightly wider and shorter than that of a
1 alligator n crocodile.
a chemical, especially a drug, which limits the
1 antidote n effects
to give of
theareasons
poison for your opinion, idea, belief,
1 argue v etc.
1 arise v to happen

If you base something on facts or ideas, you use

1 base on phrasathose facts or ideas to develop it
to have a similarity to another person or thing,
1 bear a resemblance to phraseespecially in appearance

1 beyond the grave idiom after death

1 biologist n a scientist who studies biology

1 by word of mouth adv in speech but not in writing

1 cautionary adj giving a warning

(a set of) formal acts, often fixed and traditional,
performed on important social or religious
1 ceremony n occasions
to move around or through something, or to
make something move around or through
1 circulate v something
a fact or event that makes a situation the way it
1 circumstance n is
If a violent event, fighting or a disease claims
1 claim sb's life idiom someone's
the general life, it kills them
development of a situation, or the
situation, feelings and opinions that exist at a
1 climate n particular time
a flat brown or black insect sometimes found in
1 cockroach n the home
a group of animals, insects or plants of the same
1 colony n type that live together

1
1 commonly adv often or usually
a very
an strong
event, or uncontrollable
sometimes wishdays,
lasting a few (to do
at
1 compulsion n something
which thererepeatedly)
is a group of talks on a particular
subject, or a meeting in which especially
1 conference n business matters are discussed formally

1 contamination n when something is made less pure or poisonous

1 contemporary adj existing or happening

(of people) to state thenow
opposite of what
someone else has said, or (of one fact or
statement) to be so different from another fact or
1 contradict v statement that one of them must be wrong

able to make you believe that something is true

1 convincing adj or right especially in the western US, whose
a person,
job is to take care of cattle, and who usually
1 cowboy n rides a horse, or a similar character in a film

1 crop up phrasato happen or appear unexpectedly

the Internet considered as an imaginary area
without limits where you can meet people and
1 cyberspace n discover information about any subject

1 dedicate v to give your energy, time, etc. completely

to recognise and name the exact character of a
1 diagnose v disease or a problem, by examining it
1 differ v to disagree
a situation in which a difficult choice has to be
1 dilemma n made
relatingbetween two different
to computers things you
or something that could do
is done
1 electronically adv by computers

1 embed v to fix something

If you firmly or
face a problem, intoa aproblem
substance
faces you,
1 face v you have to deal with it
informal and friendly, sometimes in a way that is
not respectful to someone who is not a relation
1 familiar adj or close friend
1 fang n a
a long sharp that
restaurant toothserves fast food such as
1 fast food restaurant n burgers

1 father-in-law n the father of the person you are married to

1 fill in phrasato give someone extra or missing information
someone who catches fish, especially as their
1 fisherman n job
to get rid of something by pushing it somewhere
1 flush down phrasewith lots of water, such as down a toilet
1 footprint n the mark made by a person's or animal's foot

1 hang up phrasato end a telephone conversation

2
1 haunt v to cause repeated suffering or anxiety

1 horrific adj very bad and strong

an extremely shocking
feeling of fear and shock, or
the frightening and shocking character of
1 horror n something
1 humanity n people in general

to recognise someone or something and say or

1 identify v prove whothat
the effect or what they are
an action or decision will have on
1 implication n something else in the future
when someone or something is in danger and
1 in distress phraseneeds help

1 in full view phraseable to be seen by other people

1 in particular adj especially

used for saying that something is very difficult to

1 incredibly adv believe
necessary and important as a part of, or
1 integral adj contained within, a whole
to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc.
1 investigate v carefully, especially to discover the truth

not related to what is being discussed or

1 irrelevant adj considered and therefore of no importance
a subject or problem which people are thinking
1 issue n and talking about
a small black and white whale that eats large
1 killer whale n fish and other sea animals
1 largely adv almost completely

1 lengthy adj continuing for a long time

to watch something happen but not become
1 look on phrasainvolved in it

1 make up phrasato say or write something that is not true

1 massive adj very large in size, amount or number

in a way that is very surprising or difficult to

1 miraculously adv believe
to confuse someone or something with someone
1 mistake for phrasaor something else

1 motorist n a person who drives a car

1 mountaineer n a person who climbs mountains as a sport or job

1 multiple adj very many of the same type, or of different types

3
1 mythological adj connected with myths
1 nature n the type or main characteristic of something

1 Nepal n a country in South Asia

1 numerous adj many
a sea creature with a soft oval body and eight
1 octopus n tentacles (long parts like arms)

to (cause to) become hotter than necessary or

1 overheat v wanted

1 particularly adv especially, or more

to tell someone than usual
something that another person
1 pass on phrasahas told you
used when expressing rates, prices or
1 per preposmeasurements to mean for each
a large flat area of land that is high above sea
1 plateau n level
(of a woman and some female animals) having
1 pregnant adj young developing inside the womb

describing the period before there were written

1 prehistoric adj records
when a very small hole is made in the surface
of something, sometimes in a way which causes
1 prick n pain

If you quote a fact or example, you refer to it in

1 quote v order to add emphasis to what you are saying

1 range n a set of similar things

a poisonous snake found in southern parts of
the US which, when annoyed, produces a loud
1 rattlesnake n noise by shaking its tail

1 reflect v to
to show, expressororfree
give freedom be amovement
sign of something
to someone
1 release v or something
not willing to do something and therefore slow to
1 reluctant adj do it
harm done to someone as a punishment for
1 revenge n harm that they have done to someone else

1 rise n an increase
a long story about several past events or people,
originally one told in the Middle Ages in Iceland
1 saga n or Norway
the countries Denmark, Norway and Sweden
1 Scandinavia n when considered as a group
a large mammal that eats fish and which lives
1 seal n partly in the sea and partly on land or ice

1 set fire to phrasato cause something or someone to start burning

4
1 set out to phrasato
a start anwho
activity withespecially
a particular aimanother
a person
large pipe, arrives,
usually underground, from
which is used
country, in a new place and takes
for carrying waste water and human waste,the land insuch
1 settler n order to live on it and farm it
as urine and solid waste, away from buildings to
1 sewer n a place where they can be safely got rid of
1 side of the story phrasethe opinion that someone holds in an argument
when you see something or someone, especially
1 sighting n that is rare or trying to hide

1 significance n importance

1 soaked adj extremely wet

a website that allows you to share information

1 social networking site n and communicate with groups of people
the bottom part of a foot which touches the
ground when you stand or walk, or the bottom
part of a shoe which touches the ground, usually
1 sole n not including the heel
1 spectacular adj very exciting to look at
an amount of something which has come out of
1 spill n a container

when
a sea something
animal withmoves
a long to cover
body anda ten
larger area or
arms
1 spread n affect a larger number of people
situated around the mouth, or this animal eaten
1 squid n as food

1 storytelling n the art of telling stories

to hit or attack someone or something forcefully
1 strike v or violently
describes an action that expresses or seems to
1 suffer from v to be ill from
express something
an intention or feeling, but which has
1 symbolically adv little
any feeling of illness or on
practical influence a situation
physical or mental
1 symptom n change which is caused by a particular disease
one of the long thin parts like arms of some sea
creatures, which are used for feeling and holding
1 tentacle n things, catching food or moving
a word or expression used in relation to a
particular subject, often to describe something
1 term n official or technical
said when talking about a bad situation which
1 the same old story phrasehas happened many times before

describes land that is not used to grow crops

1 the wild n and has few people living in it
1 time and again phrasevery often

a subject which is discussed, written about or

1 topic n studied

5
 to discover the cause or origin of something by
1 trace to phrasaexamining the way in which it has developed
describes events, behaviour, etc. for which
1 unexplained adj people do not know or understand the reason

1 unwelcome adj not wanted

a story that may or may not be believed by the
1 urban legend n teller to be true

a poisonous liquid which some snakes, insects,

1 venom n etc. produce when biting or stinging
a particular form of something which varies
1 version n slightly from other forms of the same thing
to make someone realise a possible danger or
1 warn v problem, especially one in the future
a small pool of water in a dry area where
1 waterhole n animals go to drink
to see something happen, especially an accident
1 witness v or crime

1 would-be adj wanting or trying to be

2 actual adj real; existing in fact

2 address v to speak or write to someone

2 advert n (informal) an advertisement

2 agenda n a list of aims or possible future achievements

2 all-important adj extremely important

to study or examine something in detail, in order

2 analyse v to discover more about it

2 apology n an act ofsomeone

to make saying sorry
have strong feelings of shock
2 appal v or of disapproval
someone who works in a shop, selling goods to
customers andperformance
to give a short giving adviceinabout
orderthe goods
to show
2 assistant n sold in the shop
your suitability for a role in a film, play, show,
2 audition v etc., or to make someone do this
2 available adj able to be bought, used, or reached
2 be a disgrace phraseto
to be
tell asomeone
very badabout
situation
something bad which has
2 break the news phrasejust happened and which has an effect on them

2 buddy n a
a friend
person who is competing to get a job or
2 candidate n elected position

2 capitalise on phrasato use a situation to your own advantage

6
 to continue doing something, or to cause
2 carry on phrasasomething to continue
2 casual adj not
chiefregular or fixed;
executive temporary
officer: the person with the most
2 CEO n important position in a company
to (cause a computer instruction to) operate by
pressing a button on the mouse (small control
2 click v device of a computer)
when you think or use a conscious mental
2 cognition n process

2 colleague n one of a group of people who work together

when someone says that something is wrong or
2 complaint n not satisfactory
the opinion you have after considering all the
2 conclusion n information about something

2 conduct v to organise and perform a particular activity

a large company or group of companies that is
2 corporation n controlled together
a connection as atwo
between single organisation
or more things, often
one in which one of them causes or influences
2 correlation n the other about what a particular illness or
a judgment
2 diagnosis n problem is, made after examining it
a type of camera that records images which can
2 digital camera n be viewed on a computer

2 dismayed adj feeling very unhappy or disappointed

2 disorganised adj not good at planning or organizing things

to be unable to make a decision about doing
2 dither v something
a person who is in charge of a newspaper or
2 editor n magazine

2 effective adj successful or achieving the results that you want

a surface on which you find the controls for a
2 games console n piece of electrical equipment or a machine
If something guarantees something else, it
2 guarantee v makes certain that it will happen

2 haste n (too much) speed

to share interests, experiences or other

2 have in common phrasecharacteristics withcondition
a serious medical someoneinor something
which the heart
does not get enough blood, causing great pain
2 heart attack n and often leading to death
to pause before you do or say something, often
2 hesitate v because you are uncertain or nervous about it

2 humiliating adj making you feel ashamed or stupid

2 impression n an idea or opinion of what something is like

7
2 in the blink of an eye phraseextremely quickly

2 incorrect adj not correct or not true

2 indecision n the state ofinbeing

a disease a partunable
of yourtobody
make a choice
that is caused
2 infection n by bacteria or a virus

2 instant adj happening immediately, without any delay

2 intention n something that you want and plan to do
to guess the facts about a situation without
2 jump to conclusions having enough information
to control a group of people, a country, or a
2 lead v situation
to give someone official permission to do or
2 license v haveand
firm something
not changing in your friendship with or
support for a person or an organisation, or in
2 loyal adj your beliefused
(informal) in your principles
to tell someone that you want
them to do something immediately and to do it
2 make it snappy phrasequickly

to understand something that is difficult to

2 make sense of phraseunderstand

the people who might want to buy something, or

2 market n a part of the world where something is sold

2 motivate v to cause someone to behave in a particular way

2 mull over phrasato think carefully about something for a long time
as you would expect; added to, or used to
introduce, a remark giving information which is
2 needless to say idiom expected and not surprising
when someone expresses or feels opposition to
2 objection n or dislike of something or someone

a particular time, especially when something

2 occasion n happens or has happened
to hear what other people are saying without
2 overhear v intending to and without their knowledge

2 overwhelmingly adv strongly or completely; in an overwhelming way

2 paper n a newspaper
If you work part-time or do part-time work, you
2 part-time adj work for only some of the day or the week

2 personally adv done by you and not by someone else

8
2 pizzeria n a
torestaurant
tell someone thatabout
sells pizza
some information, often
because you believe they do not know it or have
2 point out phrasaforgotten it unreasonable opinion or feeling,
an unfair and
especially when formed without enough thought
2 prejudice n or knowledge
the land and buildings owned by someone,
2 premises n especially by a company
a difficult situation or organisation
that makes you feel worried or
2 pressure n unhappy
a series of actions that you take in order to
2 process n achieve a result

2 rapid adj fast or sudden

based
If on or using
a company gooda judgment
releases and therefore
film or musical
2 reasonable adj fair and practical
recording, it allows the film to be shown in
cinemas, or makes the musical recording
2 release v available for the public to buy
to make known or show something that is
2 reveal v surprising or that was previously secret
someone who writes articles expressing their
2 reviewer n opinion of a book, play, film, etc.
the position or purpose that someone or
something has in a situation, organisation,
2 role n society or relationship

2 sceptical adj doubting

a vertical that something
structure whichisistrue
usedortouseful
separate
one area from another, especially to hide
something or to protect you from something
2 screen n unpleasant or dangerous

2 section n one
doneofsuddenly
the partswithout
that something
allowing is divided
time into
for careful
2 snap adj thought or preparation
the instructions which control what a computer
2 software n does; computer programs
2 specific adj relating to one thing and not others; particular

2 split-second adj happening

great worryincaused
a very by
short moment
a difficult of time or
situation,
2 stress n something
the which the
way in which causes
partsthis
of acondition
system or object
are arranged or organised, or a system arranged
2 structure n in this way

when someone examines a subject in detail in

2 study n order to discover new information

2 suitable adj acceptable or right for someone or something

a person or group of people who are higher in
2 superior n rank or social position than others
an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain
2 theory n something

9
 a large, brass, musical instrument that you play
by blowing into it and sliding a U-shaped tube in
and out to change the length and produce
2 trombone n different notes
a new activity, usually in business, which
2 venture n involves risk or uncertainty
a small folding case for carrying paper money,
2 vibration n continuous
credit cardsquick, slightflat
and other shaking movement
objects, used
2 wallet n especially by menabout the advantages or
to think carefully
disadvantages of a situation before making a
2 weigh up phrasadecision

2 withdraw v tosong
a take or move
which out
has or back,
special or to remove
importance for a
particular group of people, an organisation or a
3 anthem n country, often sung on a special occasion

to recognise or understand that something is

3 appreciate v valuable, important or as described

to accept something to be true without question

3 assume v or proof
(informal) If you say you bet (someone) that
something is true or will happen, you mean you
3 bet phraseare certain that it is true or will happen

3 brand new adj completely new, especially not yet used

3 brighten (up) v to (cause to) become happy or hopeful

a large animal of the cattle family, with long

3 buffalo n curved
a specialhorns
plastic card given to you by a bank,
that allows you to take money out of your bank
3 cash card n account using a cash machine
a person whose job is to receive and pay out
3 cashier n money in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc.

3 chief adj highest

a personinwho
rankis a member of a particular
country and who has rights because of being
born there or because of being given rights, or a
3 citizen n person who lives in a particular town or city
(of words and expressions) informal and more
3 colloquial adj suitable for use in speech than in writing

3 comic n someone who entertains

to praise someone and saypeople by telling
that you approvejokes
of
or are pleased about a special or unusual
3 congratulate v achievement
(a written document which forms) the set of
3 constant adj happening
political a lot or by
principles all which
the time
a state or
organisation is governed, especially in relation to
3 constitution n the rights of the people it governs
to build something or put together different parts
3 construct v to form something whole

10
 a situation that has reached an extremely
difficult or dangerous point; a time of great
3 crisis n disagreement, uncertainty or suffering

3 curious adj strange and unusual; peculiar

3 dash v to go somewhere quickly

3 death penalty n the legal punishment

an announcement, of death
often for aiscrime
one that written and
3 declaration n official
to announce something clearly, firmly, publicly or
3 declare v officially
the belief in freedom and equality between
people, or a system of government based on
3 demanding adj needing
this a lot
belief, of time,
in which attention
power or energy
is either held by
elected representatives or directly by the people
3 democracy n themselves
the state of feeling very unhappy and without
3 depression n hope for the future

to give all of something, especially your time,

effort or love, or yourself, to something you
3 devote to phrasabelieve in or to a person
a person who has an important position in a
3 dignitary n society

3 document v to record the details of an event, a process, etc.

to get money from a bank, account, etc. so that

3 draw (money) out phrasayou can use it

3 dusk n the time before night when it is not yet dark

3 earn your living phraseto be paid enough money to live on

3 economic adj relating to trade, industry and money

3 economical adj not using a lot of fuel, money, etc.

the system of trade and industry by which the
3 economy n wealth of a country
a time when peopleisvotemade and used
in order to choose
3 election n someone for a political or official job

3 encounter v to experience, especially something unpleasant

to put yourself or someone else onto the official

3 enrol v list of
the members
type of bookoforastory
course, college
which or group
is written about
imaginary characters and events and not based
3 fiction n on real people and facts

a set of rooms for living in which are part of a

3 flat n larger building and are usually all on one floor
to begin to exist or to make something begin to
3 form v exist

11
 a stream of water that is forced up into the air
through a small hole, especially for decorative
effect, or the structure in a lake or pool from
3 fountain n which this flows

3 free adj not limited or controlled

When people or animals gather, they come

3 gather v together in a group

3 get hold of idiom to find someone or obtain something

3 golden adj made of gold

to control and direct the public business of a
3 govern v country, city, group of people, etc.
to take hold of something or someone suddenly
3 grab v and roughly
to earn a particular amount of money before tax
3 gross v is paid or costs are subtracted
to give something to someone in a position of
3 hand in phrasaauthority
the main offices of an organisation such as the
3 headquarters n army, police or a business company
to hold someone or something close to your
3 hooray excl hurray
body withsomeone
your arms,
to cause to usually
admire to
or show that
respect you
you
3 hug v like, love or value them
because of something that you have done or
3 impress v said

3 in a hurry phrasewanting to do something quickly

3 in demand phraseto be needed or wanted by a lot of people

not influenced or controlled in any way by other

3 independent adj people, events and
the companies or things
activities involved in the
process of producing goods for sale, especially
3 industry n in a factory or special area

a person who is kept in a prison or a hospital for

3 inmate n people who are mentally ill
to
thestate or demand
percentage thatforcefully,
a bank orespecially despite
other financial
3 insist v opposition
company charges you when you borrow money,
or the percentage it pays you when you keep
3 interest rate n money in an account
(abbreviation for) I owe you: a written promise to
3 IOU n pay back a debt
to go down into, or stay in, a position where one
3 kneel down v or both knees are on the ground
a sum of money which is borrowed, often from a
bank, and has to be paid back, usually together
with an extra amount of money that you have to
3 loan n pay as a charge for borrowing

12
3 mark v to make a mark on something or someone
the industry or activity of removing substances
3 min. n abbreviation
such as coal for minutefrom the ground by
or metal
3 mining n digging

3 Monaco n a city state in Europe

3 moving adj causing strong feelings of sadness or sympathy

to attack a person in a public place and steal
3 mug v their money
a country, especially when thought of as a large
group of people living in one area with their own
3 nation n government, language, traditions, etc.

3 occupy v to keep someone busy or interested

3 odd adj strange or unexpected

describes products, services or information that
3 online adj can
a be bought
usually or used
long and on the
narrow partInternet
of a building with
rooms on one or both sides, or a covered path
3 passage n which connects places
a medium-sized computer which is used mainly
by people at home rather than by large
3 personal computer n organisations
used when you are happy that something
difficult or dangerous has finished or is not going
3 phew! excl to happen,
quality or when
of being you for
suitable areatired or hot occasion
particular
3 practicality n or use
movement to an improved or more developed
3 progress n state, or to a forward position

3 purchase v to buy

3 purpose n why you do something or why something exists

3 raid v to attack a place suddenly

to have an upper and a lower limit in amount,
3 range from v number, etc.

3 recover v to become completely well again

3 request n when you politely or officially ask for something

3 run n the period during which a play is performed

3 rush v to (cause to) go or do something very quickly

13
3 selection n when someone or something is chosen
to prepare something for use, especially by
3 set up phrasaputting the different parts of it together

3 simple adj easy to understand or do; not difficult

making you feel that something bad or evil might
3 sinister adj happen

wet, smooth or oily so that it slides easily or

3 slippery adj causes something to slide

3 solid adj hard or firm, keeping a clear shape

3 sum n an amount of money

a cylindrical device for making objects that are
a
farshort
awaydescription
look nearer of and
the contents of something
larger, using a
3 synopsis n such as a
combination film
ofor book
lenses, or lenses and curved
(an area of) land or sometimes sea, which is
3 telescope n mirrors
considered as belonging to or connected with a
3 territory n particular country or person
(abbreviation for) the United Nations: an
international
the activity oforganisation that wasorestablished
buying and selling, exchanging,in
3 the UN n 1945
goods to keep world
and/or services peace
between people or an
when something is transplanted, especially
3 trade n countries
operation in which a new organ is put into
3 transplant n someone's body
a journey in which you go somewhere, usually
3 trip n for a short time, and come back again

3 trustworthy adj able to be trusted

a company which sends out television
3 TV station n broadcasts

3 ultimately adv finally, after asomewhere

to risk going series of things havesomething
or doing happenedthat
might be dangerous or unpleasant, or to risk
3 venture v saying something that might be criticised
to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without
3 wander v any clear
a large purpose
amount or direction
of money or valuable
3 wealth n possessions that someone has
animals and plants that grow independently of
3 wildlife n people,or
having usually in natural
showing conditions
the ability to make good
judgments, based on a deep understanding and
3 wise adj experience of life
satisfactory and able to be agreed to or
4 acceptable adj approved
a statementof saying that someone has done
something morally wrong, illegal or unkind, or
4 accusation n the fact of accusing someone
a matter or situation which causes strong public
4 affair n feeling, usually of moral disapproval

14
4 Algeria n a country in northwest Africa

an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or

worry about something that is happening or
4 anxiety n might happen in the future

4 approach n a way of considering or doing something

the language of the people of the Middle East

4 Arabic n and North Africa

4 assailant n a
toperson who attacks
give money another
or a prize person
following an official
4 award v decision
4 ban v to forbid (refuse to allow), especially officially

(the ball used in) a game played especially in

4 bar n a straight
North stick by
America made
twoof metalof nine players, in
teams
which a player hits a ball with a bat (stick) and
tries
a gameto run around
played fourteams
by two basesofonfive
a large
men field
or six
4 baseball n before the other team returns the ball
women who score points by throwing a large ball
4 basketball n through an open
a thick heavy net
stick hanging
used from a metal
as a weapon ring
by police
4 baton n officers
in a way which shows strong negative emotion
4 bitterly adv such as anger or disappointment
to fail to take advantage of an opportunity by
4 blow it idiom doing or saying something wrong
to make an expression of strong disapproval or
4 boo v disagreement
a ball of air in a liquid, or a delicate hollow
4 bubble n sphere
giving afloating on top oftoawhat
lot of attention liquidyou
or in
arethe air so
doing
that you do not have an accident, make a
4 careful adj mistake, or damage
in particular something
team sports, the person who is in
the middle of the front row of players who try to
4 centre forward n score goals

in a way that is directly connected or has a

4 closely adv strong relationship
(especially of moving objects) to hit something
4 collide v violently

4 commercial adj related to buying and selling things

4 compete v to take part in a race or competition

wanting very much to win or be more successful
4 competitive adj than other people

15
 when people secretly plan together to do
4 conspiracy n something bad or illegal
in a way that shows that you feel calm and not
4 coolly adv influenced by strong feeling of any type
an attempt to prevent the public discovering
4 cover up n information about a serious crime or mistake
something that makes someone with an illness
4 cure n healthy
when a again
group of people march or stand together
to show that they disagree with or support
4 demonstration n something or someone

4 descent n a movement down

to have earned or to be given something
because of the way you have behaved or the
4 deserve v qualities you have

the ability to continue trying to do something,

4 determination n although it is very difficult
in sports like football, when a player falls
4 dive n deliberately to try to win an advantage

a situation in which each team in a game has

4 draw n equal points and neither side wins
Duty-free goods are goods bought in special
shops in airports, on ships, etc. on which you do
4 duty-free adj not pay government tax

4 e-book n an electronic
containing book
a lot of careful detail or many detailed
4 elaborate adj parts

the point in a game or competition which gives

4 equaliser n both teams or players the same score

when you expect good things to happen in the

4 expectation n future
the special clothes that you wear for a party
4 fall through phrasato fail to
where happen dresses as a particular type of
everyone
4 fancy dress n character or thing
to include someone or something as an
4 feature v important part
a type of skating which involves circular patterns
4 figure skating n and often includes jumps

4 flawless adj perfect or without mistakes

to make or produce, especially with some
4 forge v difficulty
when you feel annoyed or less confident
because you cannot achieve what you want;
4 frustration n something that makes you feel like this
to do something that is expected, hoped for or
4 fulfil v promised or to cause it to happen

16
 to criticise a person repeatedly in a way that
4 get at phrasamakes them unhappy
the player who stands in the team's goal to try to
4 goalkeeper n stop
beingthe other team
famous, fromor
powerful, scoring
important as one of a
4 greatness n particular type
a short rest period between the two parts of a
4 half-time n sports game

4 heated adj excited

when youor pause
angry before doing something,
especially because you are nervous or not
4 hesitation n certain
describes something that moves or operates
4 high-speed adj very quickly

4 in agony phrasesuffering extreme physical or mental pain

If you say or do something in the heat of the
in the heat of the moment, you say or do it without thinking
4 moment idiom because youconsidered
existing and are very angry or excited
separately from the
4 individual adj other things or people in a group
certain to happen and unable to be avoided or
4 inevitable adj prevented

a period between two events or times, or the

4 interval n space between two points
the work of collecting, writing and publishing
4 involvement n the actstories
news or process of taking
and articles part in something
in newspapers and
magazines or broadcasting them on the radio
of an effort or attempt which is made at the end
4 journalism n and television
of a series of failures to solve a problem, and is
4 last-gasp adj not expected to succeed

4 lead singer n the main

having orsinger in aa band
showing lot of energy and
enthusiasm, or showing interesting and exciting
4 lively adj thought

4 lock v to be fixed, or seem to be fixed, in one position

4 long-held adj (of an idea or opinion) believed for a long time

4 loose adj not firmly fixed in place
considered normal, and having or using ideas,
4 mainstream adj beliefs, etc. which are accepted by most people

4 make a difference phraseto improve a situation

the whole of the human race, including both men

4 mankind n and women
a sports competition or event in which two
4 match n people or teams compete against each other

4 memorable adj likely to be

a device remembered
that uses lensesortoworth
makeremembering
very small
objects look larger, so that they can be
4 microscope n scientifically examined and studied

17
4 mighty adj very large, powerful or important
a rectangular piece of material made from string
4 misjudge v to guess
which an amount
is used or distance
to separate wrongly
the two sides in
4 net n various sports

4 non-stop adj without stopping or without interruptions

4 nonetheless adv despite what has just been said or done

4 not worth a dime phraseto be common and/or of very little value

4 occur v to exist or be present in, among, etc.

upset and hurt or annoyed feelings, often
because someone has been rude or shown no
4 offence n respect

4 on reflection phraseafter serious and careful thought

at the point just before something very different

4 on the edge phraseand noticeable happens
a person being competed against in a sports
4 opponent n event
the speed at which someone or something
moves, or with which something happens or
4 pace n changes
a large number of people walking or in vehicles,
all going in the same direction, usually as part of
4 parade n a public celebration of something

4 partly adv to some extent, but not completely

an area painted with lines for playing particular
4 pitch n sports,
to causeespecially
worry, football
pain or several
difficultypeople
to someone
a secret plan made by to do or
4 plague v something over a period of time
something that is wrong, harmful or not legal,
especially to do damage to a person or a
4 plot n government
a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular
4 plummet v to fall verythat
situations quickly
has and
beensuddenly
agreed officially by a
group of people, a business organisation, a
4 policy n government or a political party
someone's or something's ability to develop,
4 potential n achieve or succeed
something that is usually or regularly done, often
4 practice n as a habit, tradition or custom
4 psychological adj relating to the human mind and feelings
to succeed in doing something difficult or
4 pull off phrasaunexpected
a toy in the shape of a person or animal that you
can move with strings or by putting your hand
4 puppet n inside

4 qualify v to succeed
a line in getting
of people, intostanding
usually a competition
or in cars,
4 queue n waiting for something

18
4 renowned adj famous for something
a person, group, etc. competing with others for
4 rival n the same thing or in the same area

to give up something that is valuable to you in

4 sacrifice v order
to wintoorhelp
get aanother person
point, goal, etc. in a competitive
activity, such as a sport or game, or in an
4 score v examination

to make an agreement more certain or to

4 seal v approve it formally
4 seize v to take something quickly and keep or hold it
a kick, hit or throw of the ball which is intended
4 shot n to score points in cricket, football, tennis or golf
happening or being done at exactly the same
4 simultaneously adv time

to go somewhere or do something quickly, often

4 slip v so that you are not noticed

4 South Africa n a country located at the southern tip of Africa

a person who watches an activity, especially a
4 spectator n sports event,
when you without
behave in ataking partrespectful way
fair and
towards the opposing team or player when
4 sportsmanship n playing sport

4 sportsperson n someone who plays sport, especially well

4 spot n a particular place

someone who wants a particular team to win
4 supporter n and might show it by going to watch them play

4 surge v to move quickly

(especially and powerfully
in football or hockey) an act of
tackling someone (usually to try to take the ball
4 tackle n from a player in the other team)

4 tactic n a
a planned
a way
group ofwho
person isofpresent
people doing something
who lead
at athe development
sports of
competition
new
in order to make certain that the in
ideas, or a leading position the of that
rules
4 the vanguard n development
particular game of something
are obeyed and to make
judgments about whether particular actions are
4 umpire n acceptable
a particular set of clothes which has to be worn
by the members of the same organisation or
4 uniform n group of people
being the only existing one of its type or, more
4 unique adj generally, unusual or special in some way
4 upwards adv towards a higher position, level or value
of no use; not working or not achieving what is
4 useless adj needed
when you win a game, competition, election,
4 victory n war,
If an etc.
event warms up, it starts to become more
4 warm up phrasainteresting, enjoyable or exciting

19
 someone who wins a game, competition or
4 winner n election

4 worldwide adj existing or happening in all parts of the world

5 ad n (informal) an advertisement

the arrangements and tasks needed to control

5 administration n the operation of a plan or organisation

5 advanced adj at a higher, more difficult level

a business which represents one group of

5 agency n people when dealing with another group
a business that operates regular services for
5 airline n carrying passengers and/or goods by aircraft
an official request for something, usually in
5 application n writing

5 awesome adj extremely good

a long piece of cloth, often stretched between
two poles, with a sign written on it, usually
5 banner n carried by people taking part in a march
the
(US)most important
a very facts,on
large board ideas,
whichetc. from which
5 basis n something is developed
advertisements are shown, especially at the side
5 billboard n of a road

5 brand n a type of product made by a particular company

to wave something in the air in a threatening or
5 brandish v excited
(a way
cup of) coffee made with heated milk which is
served with a thick mass of bubbles and often
5 cappuccino n powdered chocolate on the top
used to show that you think something is
5 clearly adv obvious or certain

5 complex adj involving a lota of

noticing that differentthing
particular but related
or person parts
exists or
5 consciously adv is present
always
a singlebehaving or happening
book, newspaper, in aorsimilar,
record other
5 consistent adj especially positive, way
printed or recorded text of which many have
5 copy n a short
been written description of your education,
produced
a letter or noteprevious
qualifications, which contains
jobs and information
sometimesabout
also
5 covering letter n the thing it is sent with
your personal interests, which you send to an
employer when you are trying to get a job;
5 CV n curriculum vitae

believing that something is very important and

5 dedicated adj giving a lot of time and energy to it
when you give a lot of time and energy to
5 dedication n something because it is important

5 desire n a strong feeling that you want something

to feel a strong dislike for someone or something
5 despise v because you think they are bad or have no value

20
 having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm; energetic
5 dynamic adj and forceful
5 element n a
a part of feeling
strong something
such as love or anger, or strong
5 emotion n feelings in general

5 ensure v to make something certain to happen

the conditions that you live or work in and the
way that they influence how you feel or how
5 environment n effectively you can work

unusual and often exciting because of coming

(or seeming to come) from a far, especially
5 exotic adj tropical
to finallycountry
understand something or someone, or
find the solution to a problem after a lot of
5 figure out phrasathought
a mass of very small bubbles formed on the
5 foam n surface of a liquid

5 graduate v to complete
using unusuala first university
methods to getdegree successfully
attention for your
5 guerrilla adj ideas, products, etc.
a very large board on which advertisements are
5 hoarding n shown, especially at the side of a road

5 horde n a large group of people

5 humble adj not proud or not believing that you are important

5 ideally adv used when describing the perfect situation

5 in favour of phraseto support or approve of something or someone
to affect or change how someone or something
5 influence v develops, behaves or thinks
(of a thing) cleverly made or planned and
5 ingenious adj involving new ideas
to help someone and methods
experience or find out
5 introduce to v something for the first time

affecting someone or something in an annoying,

5 intrusive adj disturbing and unwanted way

5 inventive adj very good

a short at thinking
simple of new
tune, often and
with original
words, ideas
which is
easy to remember and is used to advertise a
5 jingle n productskin
animal on the radioinororder
treated television
to preserve it, and
used to make shoes, bags, clothes, equipment,
5 leather n etc.
to control something so that it is not greater than
5 limit v a particular amount, number or level
a design or symbol used by a company to
5 logo n advertise its products

21
 to have a powerful effect on a situation or
5 make an impact phraseperson
a job that involves encouraging people to buy a
5 marketing n product or service
5 motivated adj wanting
involvingtoseveral
do something
differentwell
countries, or (of a
business) producing and selling goods in several
5 multinational adj different
a piece ofcountries
jewellery worn around the neck, such
as a chain or a string of decorative stones,
5 necklace n beads, etc.
an area or position which is exactly suitable for a
5 niche n small group of the same type

5 observant adj good or quick at noticing things

5 origin n the beginning or cause of something
someone who is going past a particular place,
5 passer-by n especially whento,
to watch, listen something unusual
or think about happensor
something
5 pay attention phrasesomeone carefully or with interest
to cover a surface or an object with something
5 plaster v completely or thickly
to ask a question, especially in a formal situation
5 pose v such as a meeting

5 PR n public relations

5 presentation n a
totalk
makegiving information
something about
or bring something
something into
5 produce v existence
5 reasonably adv satisfactorily
a writer or a book, article, etc. that is mentioned
in a piece of writing, showing you where the
5 reference n person writing found their information

5 reflect v to
to show, express
a particular or bein
degree, a comparison
sign of something
with other
5 relatively adv similar things or with what you expect
a pair of connected boards which a person
5 Rome n the
hangscapital
overcity ofshoulders
their Italy and walks around
5 sandwich board n with in public places to advertise something
animals from the sea that can be eaten,
5 seafood n especially fish or sea animals with shells
the empty shell of a small sea creature, often
5 seashell n one found lying on the beach
the particular physical form or appearance of
5 shape n something
a piece of clothing worn, especially by men, on
the upper part of the body, made of light cloth
like cotton and usually having a collar and
5 shirt n buttons at the front

5 shocking adj offensive, upsetting or immoral

an ability to do an activity or job well, especially

5 skill n because you have practised it

22
 used instead of a particular name to refer to
5 slave n to be veryor
someone influenced by especially
something, somethingwhen the real
5 so-and-so n name is not important or you have forgotten it
to become more gentle, or to make someone do
5 soften v this

5 source v to get something from a particular place

5 starter n something that begins something else

5 store n any type of shop

5 symbolise v to represent
a person or asomething
particular group of people who
something is directed at, or who something is
5 target n intended for
a piece of work to be done, especially one done
5 task n regularly,
a person'sunwillingly
approval ofor and
withliking
difficulty
for particular
5 taste n things

5 technique n a way of doing an activity which needs skill

to give something a name or to describe it with a
5 term v particular expression
used, usually at the beginning of a sentence, to
show you are pleased or grateful about
5 thankfully adv something
newspapers, magazines, radio and television
5 the media phraseconsidered as a group

5 to what extent? phrasehow much?

a person who shows you around a place or area
5 tour guide n and tells you about it
5 unpleasant adj not enjoyable or pleasant
something that is slightly different from the usual
5 variation n form or arrangement

containing or changing between several different

5 varied adj things or types
used to state that what you have just said is also
5 vice versa adv true in the opposite order

5 visible adj able to be seen

5 visual adj relating to seeing

5 willing to phraseto be happy to do something if it is needed

6 abandon v to leave a place, thing or person forever
something very good and difficult that you have
6 achievement n succeeded in doing

6 activate v to cause something to start

23
 to take another person's child into your own
family and legally look after him or her as your
6 adopt v own child

6 affection n a feeling of liking for a person or place

6 agitated adj feeling anxious or angry

6 air conditioner n a machine which keeps the air in a building cool

a device which makes a loud noise to warn of
6 alarm n danger
to warn someone of a possibly dangerous
6 alert v situation
to change something, usually slightly, or to
cause the characteristics of something to
6 alter v change
an animal, such as a frog, which lives both on
land and in water but must produce its eggs in
6 amphibian n water
something that you accept as true without
6 assumption n question or proof
to try to do something, especially something
6 attempt v difficult
(US) a space at the back of a house, usually
6 backyard n surrounded by a fence,
to cause someone to beand coveredunable
completely with grass
to
6 baffle v understand or explain something
a small animal like a mouse with wings that flies
6 bat n at night

a bowl filled with water for birds to drink and

6 bird bath n bathe

When a sheep or goat bleats, it makes a high,

6 bleat v shaking
to move sound
very fast, especially as a result of being
6 bolt v frightened
a place where animals breed and produce their
6 breeding ground n babies
a small dog that can be frightening and has a
muscular body, short legs and a large square-
6 bulldog n shaped face
(especially
(a length of)ofrings
a tune or song)
usually madepleasing and
of metal easy
which
6 catchy adj to remember
are connected together and used for fastening,
pulling, supporting, or limiting freedom, or as
6 chain n jewellery
to put electricity into an electrical device such as
6 charge v a battery

a very small dog with large eyes and smooth

6 chihuahua n hair

(of sea, lakes or rivers) with a lot of small, rough

6 choppy adj waves caused by the wind
to produce
a room in asomething so that where
school or college it is thegroups
same as
of
6 classroom n an original
students piece
are of work, or to behave, dress,
taught
speak, etc. in a way that is intended to be like
6 convinced adj certain
someone else, for example, because you admire
6 copy v them

24
6 couch n a sofa
the ability to control your fear in a dangerous or
6 courage n difficult situation
6 credit sb with phrasato consider that someone has a particular quality
When animals such as frogs and crows croak,
6 croak v they call making deep rough sounds.

When a cock (an adult male chicken) crows, it

6 crow v makes a very long and loud sharp cry
to sit or lie in a position with your arms and legs
6 curl up phrasaclose to your body
a group of events which happen in a particular
order, one following the other, and which are
6 cycle n often repeated

6 danger n the possibility of harm or death to someone

6 debatable adj not clear,something

to notice not certain,that
notisfixed;
partlypossibly
hidden not true
or not
clear, or to discover something, especially using
6 detect v a
tospecial
make amethod
liquid weaker by mixing in something
6 dilute v else

6 dining table n a table at which meals are eaten

when you feel that something or someone is bad
6 disapproval n or wrong
a long narrow open hole dug into the ground
6 distressed adj upset oratworried
usually the side of a road or field, which is
used especially for supplying or removing water,
6 ditch n or for dividing land

6 doorstep n a step in front of an outside door

6 drop n a small round-shaped amount of liquid

If a loud noise drowns out another noise, it

6 drown out phrasaprevents
a military itsystem
from being heard.
of radar stations intended to
give a warning as soon as enemy aircraft or
6 early-warning system n bombs come near
to become known, especially as a result of
examining something or asking questions about
6 emerge v it
in a way that changes suddenly and is not
6 erratically adv regular

6 estimate v to guess the cost, size, value, etc. of something

when people are moved from a dangerous place
6 evacuation n to somewhere safe

25
 much greater than usual, especially in skill,
6 exceptional adj intelligence, quality, etc.
6 farmhouse n the main house on a farm where the farmer lives
to catch fish from a river, sea, lake, etc., or to try
6 fish v to do this

a piece of cloth, usually rectangular and fixed to

a pole at one edge, that has a pattern which
shows it represents a country or a group, or has
6 flag n a particular meaning
a large bird with pink feathers, long thin legs, a
6 flamingo n long neck and a beak that curves down
6 flank v to be at the side of someone or something
to escape by running away, especially because
6 flee v of danger or fear

6 flit v to fly or move quickly and lightly

6 function v to give
to worktoo
or operate
much attention to small matters
which are not important, usually in a way which
6 fuss v shows that you are worried and not relaxed

a substance in a form like air that is neither solid

6 gas n nor liquid

a large dog which has gold or cream-coloured

6 golden retriever n fur

6 grunt v (of
useda pig) to make
to mean a low
'I don't rough
know' noise
or to emphasise a
6 heaven knows phrasestatement
to pay attention to something, especially advice
6 heed v or a warning
to increase or make something increase,
6 heighten v especially an emotion or effect
women's shoes in which the heels are raised
6 high heels n high off the ground
something that you say or do that shows, but not
6 hint n directly,
to make what youwhich
a noise think is
orlike
wantthe first sound in
6 hiss v the word 'sing' but which lasts a lot longer
6 hum v to sing without opening your mouth

6 humidifier n a machine
to which
behave in makes
a similar dry
way toair in a room
someone or wetter
something else, or to copy the speech or
6 imitate v behaviour, etc. of someone or something

6 imminent adj coming orperson

being the likely towho
happen very soon
has control of or is
6 in charge phraseresponsible for someone or something

26
6 in the distance phraseat a point which is far away
a type of light that feels warm but cannot be
6 infrared adj seen
(the ability to have) a clear, deep and sometimes
sudden understanding of a complicated problem
6 insight n or
thesituation
way people or animals naturally react or
6 instinct n behave, without having to think or learn about it
6 itty-bitty adj (US) extremely small

6 kestrel n a
totype
forceofsomeone
small birdtothat eats
leave meat or
a place
6 kick out phrasaorganisation

6 laughter n the act or sound of laughing

to move the tongue across the surface of
6 lick v something

6 loving adj showing a lot of love towards someone

describes land that is at or near the level of the
6 low-lying adj sea

6 lunar adj of or relating to the moon

to move forward suddenly and with force,

6 lunge v especially in order to attack someone

6 magnificent adj very good, beautiful or deserving to be admired

6 male n a boy, man, or male animal

to succeed in doing something, especially
6 manage v something difficult
to start to feel love or sympathy, especially after
6 melt v feeling angry

6 move house phraseto leave your home in order to live in a new one
the character who tells you what is happening in
6 narrator n a
an book orwhich
event film results in great harm, damage or
to push something or someone gently, especially
6 natural disaster n death,
to pushorsomeone
serious difficulty
with your elbow the middle
part of your arm where it bends to attract their
6 nudge v attention
a place where very old people who are ill live
6 nursing home n and receive medical treatment and care

6 opening n the
usedbeginning of something
to show that something is completely
different from what you think it is or from what
6 otherwise adj was previously stated

6 owner n someone
a who with
tropical bird ownsa something
curved beak, which is often
kept as a pet and can be trained to copy the
6 parrot n human voice
6 particle n an extremely small piece of matter
an oval-shaped nut that grows underground in
6 peanut n pairs inside a thin brown shell

27
 to die, especially in an accident or by being
6 perish v killed, or to be destroyed
something that exists and can be seen, felt,
6 perplexing adj confusing and
tasted, etc., difficult to
especially understand
something or solve
which is
6 phenomenon n unusual or interesting
a person who takes photographs, either as a job
6 photographer n or hobby
to say that an event or action will happen in the
future, especially as a result of knowledge or
6 predict v experience
happening or existing before something or
6 previous adj someone else

an animal that is hunted and killed for food by

6 prey n another
having aanimal
special mental
the scientific study of theability,
way the for human
example so
mind
that
works and how it influences behaviour, or the the
you are able to know what will happen in
6 psychic adj future or know
influence what people
of a particular are thinking
person's character on
6 psychology n their behaviour

6 punishing adj very difficult and making you feel tired

6 puss n (informal) a cat

a flat floating structure for travelling across
6 quake n (informal)
water, often earthquake
made of pieces of wood tied roughly
together and moved along with a paddle pole
6 raft n with a flat end
to (cause to) make a noise like a series of
6 rattle v knocks

to make a decision or arrangement, often formal

6 reach an agreement phraseand written
an animal
the opinionwhich produces
that people eggs and
in general uses
have the
about
6 reptile n heat of theorsun
someone to keep its
something, or blood warmrespect or
how much
admiration someone or something receives,
6 reputation n based on past behaviour or character
a place where many people go for rest, sport or
6 resort n another stated
admiration purpose
felt or shown for someone or
something that you believe has good ideas or
6 respect n qualities

unwilling or unable to stay still or to be quiet and

6 restless adj calm, because you are worried or bored
a system used to measure the strength of an
6 Richter Scale n earthquake
an exciting entertainment in an amusement
6 roar v to make
park, a long,
which loud,
is like deep
a fast sound
train that goes up and
down very steep slopes and around very sudden
6 roller coaster n bends
to leave very quickly, often to avoid getting into
6 scarper v trouble

28
 to try to find or get something, especially
6 seek v something which is not a physical object
6 seismic adj relating to or caused by an earthquake
to feel or experience something without being
6 sense v able to explain exactly how

to go and live somewhere, especially

6 settle v permanently
to reach a decision or an agreement about
6 settle v something, or to end a disagreement

6 slim adj (especially of people) attractively thin

(of a
(of bodies) to feeling
person) move easily
warm,and quickly across
comfortable and a
6 slither v surface while
protected, twisting
or (of or curving
a place, especially a small
place) giving feelings of warmth, comfort and
6 snug adj protection
used to introduce a new word or phrase which is
6 so-called adj not yet known by many people
to move in water so that drops of it go in all
6 splash v directions

6 Sri Lanka n a country in South Asia

the state of having no food for a long period,
6 starvation n often causing death
to take something without the permission or
6 steal v knowledge of the owner and keep it
(in a book, film, play, etc.) the plot (the series of
6 storyline n events which
the ability happen
to do thingsin it) need a lot of physical
that
6 strength n or mental effort
6 terrible adj very unpleasant
the front or serious
of the neck, or the or of low
space quality
inside the
6 throat n neck
a down
small which green
brownish food and air can
animal, go to a frog,
similar
which has big eyes and long back legs for
6 toad n swimming and jumping

a young child, especially one who is learning or

6 toddler n has recently
a strong learnedwind
dangerous to walk
which forms itself into
an upside-down spinning cone and is able to
6 tornado n destroy buildings
something assay,
that you it moves
write across
or give the ground
which
shows your respect and admiration for
6 tribute n someone, especially on a formal occasion
6 trick n an effective or quick way of doing something
(of a large animal,
an extremely large especially an elephant)
wave caused to
by movement
6 trumpet v produce a loud
of the Earth callthe sea, often caused by an
under
6 tsunami n earthquake when
describes light thatthe Earth
has shakes which is
a wavelength
after the violet (= light purple) end of the range
6 tuna n a
oflarge fishthat
colours which
canlives in warm
be seen seas
by humans. Light of
this type causes the skin to become darker in
6 ultraviolet adj the sun.
strange or mysterious; difficult or impossible to
6 uncanny adj explain

29
 when something is not known, or something that
6 uncertainty n is not known or certain

6 unclear adj not obvious

If you or easy
are uneasy, to are
you see slightly
or knowworried or
6 uneasy adj uncomfortable about a particular situation

6 unsettled adj nervous

having theand worried;
part which unable to relax
is usually at the top turned
6 upside down adj to be at the bottom

a person with a medical degree trained to take

6 vet n care of the that
something health of animals
makes you understand there is a
possible danger or problem, especially one in
6 warning n the future
a person who works in a zoo, taking care of the
6 zoo keeper n animals
to say that someone has done something
7 accuse v morally wrong, illegal or unkind

7 acquire v to get something

spoken or physical behaviour which is
threatening or involves harm to someone or
7 aggression n something

7 amnesia n loss of the ability to remember

7 amused adj showing that you think something is funny

7 appearance n the way a person or thing looks to other people

7 bachelor n a man who has never married

a book which is extremely popular and has sold
7 bestseller n in
anvery large
act of numbers
betraying someone or something, or
7 betrayal n when
the lifesomeone
story of aorperson
something is betrayed
written by someone
7 biography n else
a document recording a baby's birth including
such information as name, time, place, and
7 birth certificate n parents
a small light narrow boat, pointed at both ends
and moved using a paddle (a short pole with a
7 canoe n flat blade)
a person injured or killed in a serious accident or
7 casualty n war
a person who is not a member of the police or
7 civilian n the armed forces
to represent a message in code so that it can
only be understood by the person who is meant
7 code v to receive it
something which makes a situation more
7 complication n difficult, or when it does this
to direct your attention or your efforts towards a
7 concentrate v particular activity, subject or problem

30
 awake, thinking and knowing what is happening
7 conscious adj around you

7 contestant n someone who competes in a contest

7 crush v to upset or shock someone badly

an official document which states that someone

7 death certificate n has died

(an act of) keeping the truth hidden, especially to

7 deceit n get an advantage
to persuade someone that something false is the
truth; to keep the truth hidden from someone for
7 deceive v your own advantage; to trick

7 decent adj socially acceptable or good

when people hide the truth, especially to get an
7 deception n advantage

to protect someone or something against attack

7 defend v or criticism

to take
to say what the meaning
something offrom
illegally something,
a person,
7 define v training
especiallywhich produces
a word, obedience
is prevent (willingness
company, etc., or to someone
to obey) or self-control, often in the form fromof rules,
having something that is legally theirs
and punishments if these are broken, or the by
7 defraud v deceiving
obediencethem
or self-control produced by this
7 discipline n training
a paper or set of papers with written or printed
7 document n information,
to especially
take someone of an official
or something type
to a particular
place, usually by car, as you travel to a different
7 drop off phrasaplace

7 employee n someone who is paid to work for someone else

a country, or the armed forces of a country which
7 enemy n is at war with another country
having the power and ability to be physically and
7 energetic adj mentally active of secrets, especially political or
the discovering
military information
someone who worksoffor
another country
an estate or the
agency (= a
7 espionage n industrial information
business that arrangesof the
a business
selling, renting or
management of homes, land and buildings for
7 estate agent n their owners)or piece of equipment that can
a substance
7 explosive n cause explosions
7 fatigue n extreme tiredness
a person who behaves in a silly way without
7 fool n thinking

7 for instance idiom for example

to make something happen or make someone
do something difficult, unpleasant or unusual,
especially by threatening or not offering the
7 force v possibility of choice

31
 to make an illegal copy of something in order to
7 forge v deceive
7 fraud n the crime of getting money by deceiving people
7 fully adv completely
a sum of money saved, collected or provided for
7 fund n a particular purpose

7 grieving adj feeling very sad because someone has died

something which you do often and regularly,
7 habit n sometimes without knowing that you are doing it

to collect large amounts of something and keep

7 hoard v it in a safe, often secret, place

7 initially adv at the beginning

an official process to discover the cause of
7 inquest n someone's death to discover the facts about
an official process
7 inquiry n something
an agreementbadinthat hasyou
which happened
pay a company
money and they pay your costs if you have an
7 insurance n accident, injury, etc.

7 intend v to have as a plan or purpose

7 international adj involving more than one country

to go into a place or situation in which you are
7 intrude v not wanted or not expected to be

to enter a country by force with large numbers of

7 invade v soldiers in order to take possession of it

7 invaluable adj extremely useful

to form, give or have as an opinion, or to decide
about something or someone, especially after
7 judge v thinking carefully

7 landmark n an important stage in something's development

to begin something such as a plan or introduce
7 launch v something
to move moneynew such
whichas a product
has been obtained
illegally through banks and other businesses to
7 launder v make
a way itofseem to have
walking been
slowly andobtained legally
with difficulty
because of having an injured or painful leg or
7 limp n foot
a row of positions used to defend against enemy
attack, especially the ones closest to enemy
7 line n positions
to live outside not in a house, and sleep on the
7 live rough phraseground

7 marksmanship n skill in shooting

a way of achieving something, or a method for
7 measure n dealing with a situation

32
 relating to the mind, or involving the process of
7 mental adj thinking

used to emphasise that something is not large or

7 mere adj important
to cause someone to believe something that is
7 mislead v not
thin true
fog produced by very small drops of water
collecting in the air just above an area of ground
7 mist n or water

to spoil something completely, or do something

7 muck up phrasavery badly
to think about something carefully and for a long
7 muse v time
7 neighbour n someone who lives very near to you
describes something that does not exist or is not
7 non-existent adj present in a particular place

to get something, especially by asking for it,

buying it, working for it or producing it from
7 obtain v something
to else if they would like to have
ask someone
something or if they would like you to do
7 offer v something
not different or special or unexpected in any
7 ordinary adj way;
to getusual
an advantage over someone by acting
7 outsmart v more cleverly
to need to payand oftensomething
or give by using atotrick
someone
because they have lent money to you, or in
7 owe v exchange for something they have done for you
a piece of equipment made of a large piece of
a drug or
special medical
cloth whichtreatment thattoreduces
is fastened someonepain
or
7 palliative n without curing the cause of the pain
something that is dropped from an aircraft, in
order to make them fall slowly and safely to the
7 parachute n ground
the state of being closely involved with another
7 partnership n person
freedomorfrom
organisation
war and violence, especially when
people
a sum oflive and work
money paid together
regularlyhappily
by the without
7 peace n disagreements
government or a private company to a person
who does not work any more because they are
7 pension n too old or they have become ill
in a law court, to say you are responsible for
7 plead guilty phrasebreaking a law

7 presence n when
to someone
keep somethingor something is in a place
as it is, especially in order to
prevent it from decaying or being damaged or
7 preserve v destroyed; to conserve

7 primarily adv mainly

a person who looks after people in prison (= a
building where criminals are forced to live as a
7 prison officer n punishment)

33
 producing a great number or amount of
7 prolific adj something

7 property n a building or area of land, or both together

the lawyers in a trial who try to prove that a
person accused of committing a crime is guilty of
7 prosecution n that
a crime
name which a person, such as a writer, uses
instead of their real name, especially on their
7 pseudonym n work
someone who is famous because of what they
do, and is written about in newspapers and
7 public figure n magazines
in England, oranisexpensive
often on television or theschool
type of private radio
(= school paid for by parents not by the
7 public school n government)
a room or house that has been provided,
especially for servants or soldiers and their
7 quarters n families, to live in
(UK) a building and the surrounding area where
7 railway station n trains
a verystop
largefor people
farm to getanimals
on which on or offare kept,
7 ranch n especially in North and South America
what happens in human situations rather than in
7 real-life n a story, film, etc.

to persuade someone to work for a company or

become a new member of an organisation,
7 recruit v especially the army

a feeling of happiness that something

7 relief n unpleasant has not happened or has ended
an activity which is planned to help someone or
something out of a dangerous, harmful or
7 rescue operation n unpleasant situation

to fight against something or someone that is

7 resist v attacking you
an organisation that secretly fights against an
7 resistance n enemy that has taken control of its country
to feel or show admiration for someone or
something that you believe has good ideas or
7 respect v qualities

to leave your job or stop working because of old

7 retire v age or ill health
when you leave your job and stop working,
7 retirement n usually because you are old
a state in which or a place where you are safe
7 safety n and not in danger or at risk

an amount of money
a government employeethatwhose
you dojobnotinvolves
need to
7 savings plural spend
getting secret information about the
governments
protection of aofperson,
unfriendly foreign
building, countries; aor
organisation
7 secret agent n spy
country against threats such as crime or attacks
7 security n by foreign countries

34
 a house that is joined to another similar house
7 semi-detached n onpole
a onlyatone
theside
side of a road, especially at a point
where two or more roads meet, which gives
7 sign-post n information
your about routes
name written and distances
by yourself, always in the
same way, usually to show that something has
7 signature n been written or agreed by you

7 solitary adj done alone

serious, sad and without humour or
7 sombre adj entertainment
a person who secretly collects and reports
information about the activities of another
7 spy n country or organisation
to say or write something, especially clearly and
7 state v carefully

7 stern adj If something, such as a job, is stern, it is difficult

7 straggly adj growing or spreading out in an untidy way
to reduce the force of something, or to prevent
7 subdue v something from existing or developing
not loud, bright, noticeable or obvious in any
7 subtle adj way
to experience or show the effects of something
7 suffer v bad
7 surrender v to stop fighting and admit defeat

If
thethe police takedepartment
government you in, theythat
takeemploys
you to the
people
7 take in phrasapolice station
to represent their country in other parts of the
7 the diplomatic service n world
in Britain, the department of the government
which deals with Britain's connections with other
7 the Foreign Office n countries
used to tell someone that you know what their
secret activities or plans are and they cannot
7 the game is up idiom continue

7 thief n a person who steals

kind and always thinking about how you can

7 thoughtful adj help other people
expressing a threat of something unpleasant or
7 threatening adj violent
to
to find
changesomething or someone
completely after looking
the appearance or for
7 track down phrasathem in a lot of different places
character of something or someone, especially
7 transform v so
thethat they of
process arebroadcasting
improved something by radio,
7 transmission n television,
to broadcastetc., or something
something, or towhich is broadcast
send out or carry
7 transmit v signals
a writtenusing radio, television,
agreement between twoetc.or more
countries formally approved and signed by their
7 treaty n leaders
7 troubled adj worried or nervous

7 unbeknown adj without a particular person knowing

35
 If you unravel a mysterious, unknown or
complicated subject, you make it known or
understood, and if it unravels, it becomes known
7 unravel v or understood
a state that seems imagined, strange and
7 unreality n dream-like
7 unremarkable adj ordinary and not interesting
trusting; not realising there is any danger or
7 unsuspecting adj harm
7 utterly adv completely or extremely
an opinion or decision made after judging the
facts that are given, especially one made at the
7 verdict n end of a trial
necessary for the success or continued
7 vital adj existence ofto
(of the sea) something; extremely
carry something importantto or
or someone
7 wash up phrasaaway
a fixedfrom
net a place
used to catch insects, which is made
by a spider from the sticky thread that its body
7 web n produces
including a lot of different places, people,
7 widely adv subjects,
an area ofetc.
land that has not been used to grow
a woman
crops whose
or had townshusband has built
and roads died onandit,who has
7 widow n not marriedbecause
especially again it is difficult to live in as a
result of its extremely cold or hot weather or bad
7 wilderness n earth
made of wool, or made of something that looks
7 woolly adj like wool

8 a touch phraseslightly

8 abbreviation n a short form of a word or phrase

8 absolute adj very great or to the largest degree possible

to go with someone or to be provided or exist at

8 accompany v the same time as something

8 admit defeat phraseto accept that you have failed and give up

8 assassinate v to
(ofkill someone
people, famous
things, places,or important
etc.) to pull or draw
someone or something towards them, by the
8 attract v qualities they have, especially good ones
to exchange goods for other things rather than
8 barter v for money
a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text
8 bullet point n towheeled
a show separate
vehiclethings in aorlist
for living travelling in,
especially for holidays, which contains beds and
8 caravan n cooking equipment and can be pulled by a car

a person who has escaped from a ship that has

sunk, and managed to get to an island or
8 castaway n country where there are few or no other people

36
 to use fuel, energy or time, especially in large
8 consume v amounts
a person who buys goods or services for their
8 consumer n own use style and arrangement of the objects
the colour,
8 decor n in a roomof study at a college or university, or
a course
the qualification given to a student who has
8 degree n done this course
an island, especially in a warm region, where no
8 desert island n people live that there is no hope and that you
the feeling
can do nothing to improve a difficult or worrying
8 despair n situation

8 destruction n when something

to describe is destroyed
something completely, giving all the
8 detail v facts
disappointed and unhappy because of
discovering the truth about something or
8 disillusioned adj someone that you liked or respected
a
a nation
form ofon the island
energy, of La in
produced Hispaniola in the
several ways,
8 Dominican Republic n Caribbean sea
which provides power to devices that create
8 electricity n light, heat, etc.
to make someone able to do something, or to
8 enable v make something possible

to provide a person or a place with objects that

8 equip v are necessary for a particular purpose

relating to beliefs about what is morally right and

8 ethical adj wrong
8 extended adj long or longer than usual
something that surprises you and teaches you
8 eye-opener n new facts
basic about
medical life, people,
treatment whichetc.
is given to
someone as soon as possible after they have
8 first aid n been hurt in an accident or suddenly become ill

8 for free phrasecosting nothing; not needing to be paid for

to go from place to place searching, especially
8 forage v for food

8 freely adv without being controlled or limited

to become more ill, or to become a more severe

8 get worse phrasecondition
8 globe n the world

8 go it alone idiom to do something without other people

8 hassle n (a situation causing) difficulty or trouble

a line of words printed in large letters as the title
of a story in a newspaper, or the main points of
8 Hawaii n a U.S.A.
the newsstate
that are broadcast on television or
8 headline n radio

37
 to make something hot or warm, or to become
8 heat v hot or warm

8 humble adj ordinary; not special or very important

the form of a verb which is usually used for
8 imperative n giving orders
8 indoors adv into or inside a building

8 interior adj inside

a style of writing or printing in which the letters
8 italics plural lean to the right

8 joy n great happiness

very important and having a lot of influence on
8 key adj other people
to supply or things
someone or something with the
clothes or equipment that are needed for a
8 kit out phrasaparticular purpose

theexpression
an dirty clotheswhich
and sheets which
describes need to
a person orbe,
8 laundry n are being
object in aor have been
literary washed
way by referring to something
that is considered to have similar characteristics
8 metaphor n to the person or object you are trying to describe

8 northerly adj towards or in the north

not have the faintest (informal) used to emphasise that you do not
8 idea phraseknow something
the dry fruit of particular trees which grows in a
8 nut n hard shell an
describes andexperience
can often be eaten
or opportunity that is
very special because it is the only time you will
8 of a lifetime phrasebe able to have it
not using artificial chemicals in the growing of
8 organic adj plants and animals for food and other products
to cause someone to feel sudden strong
8 overwhelm v emotion
to put a vehicle in a place where it can stay for a
8 park v period of time, usually while you leave it

8 period n a length of time

If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it
8 persist v continues to exist

8 primary adj more important

the process than anything
of making else;goods
or growing main to be
8 production n sold

8 provided conjunif, or only if

of ways of enjoying yourself when you are not

8 recreational adj working
the effect that an action, event or decision has
8 repercussion n on something, especially a bad effect
describes speech or writing which is intended to
8 rhetorical adj seem important or influence people

38
 a simple metal device which is used to cook and
8 rocket stove n heat
If youfood
make a round trip, you go on a journey
8 round trip n and return to where you started from.
to look for or get food or other objects in other
8 scavenge v people's rubbish
the cause of a feeling or situation, or the early
8 seed n stages
one of itperiods into which a year is divided at
of the
a college or university, especially in the US and
8 semester n Australia
when two or more people or things are
8 separation n separated
a formal meeting or series of meetings of an
8 session n organisation such as a parliament or a law court
to divide food, money, goods, etc. and give part
8 share v of it to someone else
the land along the edge of a sea, lake or wide
8 shore n river
a bowl that is fixed to the wall in a kitchen or
bathroom in which you wash dishes or your
8 sink n hands, etc.

of or from the sun, or using the energy from the

8 solar adj sun to produce electric power

8 solo adj alone; without other people

8 SOS n a request for help, especially because of danger

the place something comes from or starts at, or

8 source n the cause of something
to put seedswith
a container in orholes
on the ground
in the so that
bottom plants
which is put
8 sow v will grow
over boiling water in order to cook food in steam,
8 steamer n or a machine
to discover which cooks
something food with
by chance, or steam
to meet
8 stumble across phrasasomeone by chance
an amount of money that you pay regularly to
receive a product or service or to be a member
8 subscription n of
to an
useorganisation
something
a word, phrase or or someone
sentence instead
which of another
is used as the
8 substitute v thing or person
second part of a book title and is printed under
8 subtitle n the main title at the front of the book

any single problem which is caused by and

8 symptom n shows a more serious and general problem

8 theme n the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc.

to
to get rid together
fasten of something that you
two ends of ado not of
piece want any
string
8 throw away phrasamore
or other long thin material, or to (cause to) hold
together with a long, thin piece of string,
8 tie v material, etc.
something that helps you to do a particular
8 tool n activity

39
 a person who does not eat meat for health or
8 unaware adj not understandingororbecause
religious realising something
when tworeasons
or more people whotheyare want to avoid
in different
8 vegetarian n being cruel to animals
parts of the world can talk to each other and see
8 video-conferencing n each
used other
when on television
talking about screens
getting onto a ship,
9 aboard adv aircraft, bus or train

9 actively adv in a way that involves positive action

a hormone produced by the body when you are
frightened, angry or excited, which makes the
heart beat faster and prepares the body to react
9 adrenaline n to give
to danger
someone an opinion which someone
offers you about what you should do or how you
9 advise v should act in a particular situation
behaving in an angry and violent way towards
9 aggressive adj another
to judge person
or decide the amount, value, quality or
9 assess v importance of something

9 assuredly adv certainly

9 bitter-tasting adj having an unpleasantly sharp flavour

empty or clear, or containing no information or

9 blank adj mark
9 blizzard n a severe snow storm with strong winds
a square group of buildings or houses with roads
9 block n onchemical,
a each sidefound for example in tea and coffee,
which is a stimulant (something which makes
9 caffeine n people more active)
to provide what is wanted or needed by
9 cater for v someone or something

to relax completely, or not allow things to upset

9 chill out phrasayou
9 clammy adj sticky
a and slightly
building, wetofinaan
often part unpleasant
hospital, way
to which
people can go for medical care or advice relating
9 clinic n to a particular
a person condition
you spend a lot of time with either
because you are friends or because you are
9 companion n travelling together
9 cope v to deal successfully with a difficult situation
slightly wet, especially in a way that is not
9 damp adj pleasant or comfortable
9 deadline n a time or day by which something must be done
9 desperate adj needing or wanting something very much
a strong feeling of disapproval and dislike at a
9 disgust n situation or person's behaviour, etc.
9 dissuade v to persuade someone not to do something

9 dry up phrasaIf something dries up, the water in it disappears.

40
 to make someone more likely to do something,
9 encourage v or to make something more likely to happen

9 every now and again phrasesometimes but not often

the way in which living things change and
9 evolution n develop over millions of years

9 excess adj extra

9 excessively adv too much

9 exhaustion n when you are extremely tired

9 external adj of, on, for or coming from the outside

9 extraordinary adj very unusual, special, unexpected or strange

to make very small changes to something in
9 fine tune v order to make it work as well as possible
9 finely adv to an exact degree

(an act or example of) escape, running away or

9 flight n avoiding something
to fill or enter a place in large numbers or
9 flood v amounts

an infectious illness which is like a very bad cold,

9 flu n but which causes a fever
the flat part of the face, above the eyes and
9 forehead n below the hair
to prevent something from happening by acting
9 forestall v first

time when you are not doing anything planned

9 free time phraseor important
9 frequent adj happening often; common

9 fresh adj energetic and enthusiastic; not tired

If something is genuine, it is real and exactly
9 genuine adj what it appears to be

(something which causes) difficult or unpleasant

9 hardship n conditions of life, or an example of this

9 hasten v If you hasten to do something, you quickly do it

9 haul v to pull something heavy slowly and with difficulty
any of various chemicals made by living cells
9 hence adv that is influence
which the reason ordevelopment,
the explanation for; therefore
growth, sex,
etc. of an animal and are carried around the
9 hormone n body in the blood

41
 to fix an event or experience so firmly in the
9 implement v to put a plan
memory that or systembe
it cannot into operation
forgotten although you
9 imprint v do not try to remember it
a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely
9 indication n to happen

9 induce v to persuade someone to do something

9 inevitably adv in a way
when that cannot
someone be avoided
is unable to sleep, over a period
9 insomnia n of time

Instinctive behaviour or reactions are not

9 instinctive adj thought about, planned or developed by training

9 intense adj extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong

a tropical forest in which trees and plants grow
9 jungle n very closely together

9 kick in phrasato startusually

a tool, to havewith
an effect or blade
a metal to happen
and a handle,
used for cutting and spreading food or other
9 knife n substances, or as a weapon
to do something slowly with great physical or
9 labour v mental effort

9 leftovers plural food remaining after a meal

A life-threatening situation is a very serious one

9 life-threatening adj thatanimal
an can cause
whichdeath
lives in the sea and has a long
body covered with a hard shell, two large claws
9 lobster n and eight legs, or its flesh when used as food
a type of box made of wire used for catching
9 lobster pot n lobsters
when you no longer have something or have
9 loss n less of something
the time in the middle of the day when most
9 lunchtime n people eat a meal

9 mildly adv slightly

If something happens out of the blue, it is
9 out of the blue phrasecompletely unexpected

9 outline v to give the main facts about something

9 overdo v to do something in a way that is too extreme

9 overload n when you have or get too much of something

to react in an extreme, especially an angry or

9 overreact v frightened, way
a sudden strong feeling of fear that prevents
9 panic n reasonable thought and action

42
 feeling extremely nervous and worried because
you believe that other people do not like you or
9 paranoid adj are trying to harm you

an extreme fear of a particular thing or situation,

especially one that cannot be reasonably
9 phobia n explained

9 physical adj connected with the body

to criticise, punish or be unkind to the same

9 pick on phrasaperson
to hit oroften and unfairlywith a lot of force, or to
beat repeatedly
9 pound v crush something
Something whichby hitting it repeatedly
is predictable happens in a
way or at a time which you know about before it
9 predictable adj happens
the person in charge of a school or college for
9 principal n children aged between approximately 11 and 18
something that is very important and must be
9 priority n dealt with before other things
9 proposal n a suggestion, sometimes a written one
to offer or state a possible plan or action for
9 propose v other people to consider

9 pump v to force liquid or gas to move somewhere

to hit someone or something with your fist
9 punch v (closed hand)

9 raise v to cause tothings

accepting exist as they are in fact and not
making decisions based on
to suggest that someone or unlikely hopes
something for be
would
9 realistic adj the future
good or suitable for a particular job or purpose,
or to suggest that a particular action should be
9 recommend v done

9 regular adj happening or doing something often

to remember clearly an experience that
9 relive v happened
a useful or in the pastpossession or quality of a
valuable
9 resource n country, organisation or person

9 response n an answer or reaction

to (cause someone or something to) move
backwards and forwards or from side to side in a
9 rock v regular way

9 routine n a
a usual or fixed way
list of planned of doing
activities thingsto be done
or things
showing the times or dates when they are
9 schedule n intended to happen or be done

9 sea floor n the bottom surface of the sea

43
 belief and confidence in your own ability and
9 self-esteem n value
behaviour based on the characteristics or
feelings which warn people or animals to protect
9 self-preservation n themselves from difficulties or dangers
9 seriousness n the state of being very bad or severe
an action, movement or sound which gives
9 signal n information, a message, a warning or an order

a large thick bag for sleeping in, especially when

9 sleeping-bag n you are camping

9 soar v to rise very quickly to a high level

9 speed n how fast something moves

a particular way of thinking, feeling or behaving,
especially a way that is typical of a particular
9 spirit n group of people, an activity, a time or a place
relating to deep feelings and beliefs, especially
9 spiritual adj religious beliefs
to force out the contents of the mouth, especially
9 spit out phrasasaliva
to (cause to) cover, reach or have an effect on a
9 spread v wider or increasing area
9 stand up straight phraseto
If asitfilm,
or stand withstars
play, etc. your someone,
body vertical
or if someone
stars in a film, play, etc., they are the main actor
9 star v in it

to bear or accept something or someone

9 stick v unpleasant
(informal) to be able to accept an unpleasant
9 stomach v idea or watch something unpleasant

9 stress-buster n something that helps get rid of stress

9 stressed out adj worried and nervous

9 stressful adj making you feel worried and nervous

to experience or show the effects of something
9 suffer v bad
9 surge n a sudden and great increase

to state or promise that you are telling the truth

or that you will do something or behave in a
9 swear v particular way

the salty colourless liquid that you pass through

9 sweat n your skin

happening or moving quickly or within a short

9 swift adj time, especially in a smooth and easy way
the measured amount of heat in a place or in the
9 temperature n body

44
 If someone has a tendency to do or like
9 tendency n something,
a suggestion they
thatwill probablyunpleasant
something do it or like or
it
violent will happen, especially if a particular
9 threat n action or order is not followed
to be unable to move or escape from a place or
9 trap v situation

An unconscious thought or feeling is one that

9 unconscious adj you do not know you have

9 veg plural (informal) vegetables

always being careful to notice things, especially
9 vigilant adj possible danger

9 wearisome adj causing a person to be tired and/or bored

a machine which lifts heavy objects by turning a
9 winch n chain or rope around a tube-shaped device

a meeting of people to discuss and/or perform

9 workshop n practical
the methodwork
or in a subjectoforgetting
possibility activitynear to a
place or person, or the right
to respect and approve of someoneto use ororlook
theirat
10 access n something
behaviour, or to find someone or something
10 admire v attractive and pleasant to look at
a small tube-shaped part which is joined to the
intestines on the right side of the body and has
10 appendix n no use in humans
a room or building which is used for showing
10 art gallery n works of art, sometimes so that they can be sold
made by people, often as a copy of something
10 artificial adj natural

10 ballerina n a female ballet dancer

a type of dancing where a man and a woman
dance together using steps and movements to
10 ballroom dancing n special music, such as the waltz or tango
connected with the natural processes of living
10 biological adj things

a person who takes part in organised activities

which are intended to change something in
10 campaigner n society
a box made from material like very thick stiff
10 cardboard box n paper, usually pale brown in colour

a
a very
very thin,
smallalmost transparent
piece of cloth of
semiconductor, silk or
especially
10 chiffon n nylon
in a computer, that contains extremely small
electronic circuits and devices, and can perform
10 chip n particular operations
to remove or get rid of whatever is blocking or
10 clear v filling something, or to stop being blocked or full
to make something else seem better or more
10 complement v attractive when combining with it

45
10 continuously adv without a pause or interruption
an obvious difference between two or more
10 contrast n things

10 contrasting adj very

a setdifferent
of clothes worn in order to look like
someone or something else, especially for a
10 costume n party or as part of an entertainment
when original and unusual ideas are produced
10 creativity n or used
saying that someone or something is bad or
10 critical adj wrong

when
the you saystudy
scientific that something or someone
of how information is is
10 criticism n bad; disapproval
communicated in machines and electronic
devices in comparison with how information is
10 cybernetics n communicated in the brain and nervous system
10 depressed adj unhappy and without hope for the future

10 desperately adv extremely or very much

to play records and talk on the radio or at an
event where people dance to recorded popular
10 dj v music, such as a nightclub
to put clothes on yourself or someone else,
10 dress v especially a child
to move slowly, especially as a result of outside
10 drift v forces, with no control over direction
strong and powerful and therefore causing
10 driving adj things to happen
to (cause to) die by being unable to breathe
10 drown v under water
(informal) to suddenly end a romantic
relationship you have been having with
10 dump v someone

10 entirely adv completely

having skill or knowledge because you have
10 experienced adj done something
A fertile many times is active and
mind or imagination
10 fertile adj produces a lot of interesting and unusual ideas.
when something such as violence, pain or anger
10 flare up n suddenly starts or gets much worse
10 force n physical, especially violent, strength or power
feeling annoyed or less confident because you
10 frustrated adj cannot
formingachieve what
the base, you
from wanteverything else
which
10 fundamental adj develops; more important than anything else

a building where a car is kept, which is built next

10 garage n to or as part of a house
10 gracefully adj in a polite and pleasant way

46
 the art of designing pictures and text for books,
10 graphic design n magazines, advertising, etc.
an increase in the size or the importance of
10 growth n something

a person who cuts people's hair and puts it into

a style, usually working in a special shop, called
10 hairdresser n a hairdresser's
a person who introduces guests and performers,
10 host n especially on television or radio

10 hugely adv to a great degree; extremely

10 ideal adj without fault; perfect, or the best possible

10 imagination n the ability to form pictures in the mind

when you are annoyed by someone's mistakes
10 impatience n or because
easily annoyedyou by
have to wait mistakes or
someone's
10 impatient adj because you have to wait
to put an organ, group of cells, or device into the
10 implant v body in a medical operation

when people are peaceful and agree with each

other, or when things seem right or suitable
10 in harmony phrasetogether

10 in the midst of phrasein thebefore

used middlesaying
of an event, situation
something that or activity
is not as
important as the main subject of conversation,
10 incidentally adv but is connected to it in some way
Inner feelings or thoughts are ones that you do
10 inner adj not show or tell other people

10 inspirational adj making you feel hopeful or encouraged

encouraging, or making you feel you want to do
10 inspiring adj something
the ability to understand and to think in an
intelligent way, or the ability to do these things to
10 intellect n a high level
not thinking carefully enough or not worrying
10 irresponsible adj about
a whatroom
building, mightorresult from actions
organisation whichtaken
has a
collection, especially of books, for people to read
10 library n or borrow usually without payment

10 light-hearted adj happy and not serious

the greatest amount, number or level of

10 limit n something that is either possible or allowed
a sport that is a traditional Japanese or Chinese
10 martial arts plural form of fighting or defending yourself
to (cause different substances to) combine, so
that the result cannot easily be separated into its
10 mix v parts

47
10 modality n the particular way in which something is done
10 nervous adj worried and anxious

10 notorious adj famous for something bad

a set of actions, especially ones which lead to a
10 path n goal or result
causing or having a very sharp feeling of
10 poignant adj sadness

10 positively adv in a good or hopeful way

relating to experience, real situations or actions
10 practical adj rather than ideas or imagination

10 predominantly adv mostly

a basicor mainly
idea or rule that explains or controls how
10 principle n something happens or works
a small container for money, usually used by a
10 purse n woman

to try to do something beyond the usual limits of

10 push the boundaries phrasea subject or activity
to control an emotion, activity or situation to
10 rein in phrasaprevent it from becoming too powerful

used for emphasizing how surprising or unusual

10 remarkably adv something is
to talk about or think about something again,
10 revisit v with the intention of improving it or changing it
to come or bring something back to life, health,
10 revive v existence, or use
a long narrow strip of material used to tie things
10 ribbon n together or as a decoration

10 severe adj extreme

(the use or
of)very difficult
an expression comparing one thing
with another, always including the words 'as' or
10 simile n 'like'

10 spur on phrasato encourage someone

the plural form of stimulus (= something that
10 stimuli n causes growth or activity)
the time in the evening when you last see the
10 sunset n sun in the
a tightly sky
stretched wire or rope fixed high above
the ground, which skilled people walk across,
10 tightrope n especially in order to entertain others

10 trigger v to cause something bad to start

to remove the good or bad effects of an action or

10 undo v several actions
valuable information, advice, etc. is very helpful
10 valuable adj or important

48
 a long and violent argument between people or
families in which one group tries to harm the
other in order to punish them for things that have
10 vendetta n happened in the past

10 vibrant adj describes colour or light that is bright and strong

10 vivid adj very brightly coloured

used before describing an event or a result that

10 with luck phraseyou are hoping for

10 wow excl used to show surprise and sometimes pleasure

11 abroad adv in person
a or to a foreign country
who believes or countries
strongly in political or
social change and works hard to try and make
11 activist n this
a happen
hard transparent yellowish-brown substance
which was formed in ancient times from the
11 amber n liquid of trees and is used in jewellery
a country's military forces, usually an army, navy
11 armed forces plural and air force

11 at leisure n when you want to and when you have time to

a helpful or good effect, or something intended
11 benefit n to help
11 besides adv in addition to; also

11 bound adj certain or extremely likely to happen

someone who buys something expensive such
11 buyer n as a house

to be very excited about something and eager to

11 can't wait idiom do or experience it

11 Chile n a country in South America

11 concerned adj worried

the particular state that something or someone

11 condition n is in
to face, meet or deal with a difficult situation or
11 confront v person

11 contribute to v to help to cause

a substance like an event
rock, or situation
formed in the sea by
groups of particular types of small animal, that is
11 coral n often used in jewellery
happening at a later time than expected or
11 delayed adj intended

11 desirable adj worth having

the place andsomeone
where wanted by most people
is going or where
11 destination n something is being sent or taken

49
 a very hard dark wood of a tropical tree, used
11 ebony n especially for making furniture

graceful and attractive in appearance or

11 elegant adj behaviour
to give someone the right to do or have
11 entitle v something
relating to the air, water and land in or on which
11 environmental adj people, animals and plants live
describes events that happen over a long period
11 epic adj and involve a lot of action and difficulty
the waste gas from an engine, especially a car's,
11 exhaust fumes plural or the pipe the gas flows through

11 factual adj using or consisting of facts

11 field n anvehicle
a area ofwith
activity or interest
an engine that supplies power to
all four wheels instead of the usual two, so that
11 four-wheel drive n the vehicle can travel easily over difficult ground.
money given by a government or organisation
11 funding n for an event or activity

11 furthermore adv in
to addition; more importantly
get something that is useful, that gives you an
advantage,
a or that is
gradual increase in in some
world way positive,
temperatures
11 gain v especially
caused by over a period
polluting gases of such
time as carbon
dioxide which are collecting in the air around the
11 global warming n Earth and preventing heat escaping into space

11 Greek adj from, belonging to or relating to Greece

11 grotty adj unpleasant or of bad quality

11 housing n buildings for people to live in

11 indicate v to
to show,
involvepoint or make
yourself clear in another
in a situation way
when your
11 interfere v involvement is not wanted or is not helpful

to interest someone a lot, especially by being

11 intrigue v strange, unusual or mysterious
to (cause to) arrive at a place after moving down
11 land v through the air
11 leafy adj A leafy place is pleasant and has a lot of trees
an angry or serious talk given to someone in
11 lecture n order to criticise their behaviour
describes an action that is done in a relaxed
11 leisurely adj way, without hurrying

11 lose sleep over phrasato worry about something

50
 great comfort, especially as provided by
11 luxury n expensive
a and beautiful
smooth, hard substance things
forming a layer inside
the shells of some sea animals. It is white but
also seems to shine with many different colours.
11 mother-of-pearl n It is used tothat
Something make buttons
is on and
its last forisdecoration.
legs in such bad
condition that it will soon be unable to work as it
11 on its last legs phraseshould
during the time that something is happening or
11 on the way phrasethat you are doing something
(of a country) having too many people for the
amount of food, materials and space available
11 overpopulation n there

11 overseas adj in,liquid

a from with
or toaother countries
pleasant smell, usually made from
oils taken from flowers or spices, which is often
11 perfume n used on the skin
a short description of someone's life, work,
11 profile n character, etc.
If
a the
shortcost of something
sentence, is prohibitive,
etc., usually known by it ismany
too
11 prohibitive adj expensive for most people
people, stating something commonly
11 proverb n experienced or giving advice
If you put a disagreement or problem aside, you
ignore it temporarily so that it does not prevent
11 put aside phrasayou doing what you want to do
a large amount of money or valuable
11 riches plural possessions
stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be
11 ridiculous adj laughed atwho works in an office, writing letters,
someone
making telephone calls and arranging meetings
11 secretary n for a person or for an organisation
Someone who is selfish only thinks of their own
11 selfish adj advantage

11 senior adj high or higher in rank

11 sex n the state of being either male or female

to breathe out slowly and noisily, expressing
11 sigh v tiredness, sadness, pleasure, etc.
to drink, taking only a very small amount at a
11 sip v time
intelligent, or able to think quickly or cleverly in
11 smart adj difficult situations

11 specifically adv for area

an a particular
on the reason,
edge of purpose, etc.or city
a large town
where people who work in the town or city often
11 suburb n live
relating to a suburb (= an area on the edge of a
large town or city where people who work in the
11 suburban adj town or city often live)

11 taxation n the system of taxing people

51
11 therefore adv forsystem
a that reason
of vehicles, such as buses, trains,
aircraft, etc. for getting from one place to
11 transport n another

11 unpopular adj not liked by many people

11 various adj many different

the ability to use your knowledge and
experience to make good decisions and
11 wisdom n judgments

when you feel unhappy and afraid about

11 worry n something
a slightly sour, thick liquid made from milk with
bacteria added to it, sometimes sweetened and
with a fruit flavour added and sometimes eaten
11 yogurt n plain

12 absurd adj stupid or unreasonable; silly in a humorous way

12 accessible adj able to be reached or easily got to

a person or animal that has grown to full size

12 adult n and strength

12 aesthetic adj relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty

12 affordable adj not expensive

12 appalling adj shocking and very bad

feeling guilty or embarrassed about something

12 ashamed adj you have done
knowledge that or a quality exists,
something in youror
character
understanding of a situation or subject at the
12 awareness n present time based on information or experience
something which is extremely lucky or makes
12 blessing n you happy

12 boost n when something is improved or increased

the lists produced each week of the records with
12 charts plural the highest
a type sales
of bird kept on a farm for its eggs or its
meat, or the meat of this bird which is cooked
12 chicken n and eaten

a pleasant feeling of being relaxed and free from

12 comfort n pain
a remark that expresses approval, admiration or
12 compliment n respect
to criticise something or someone strongly,
12 condemn v usually for moral reasons
the quality of being certain of your abilities or of
12 confidence n having trust in people, plans, or the future
describes something that makes you feel
12 confusing adj confused because it is difficult to understand

52
12 constantly adv all act
to the or
time or often
work together for a particular purpose,
or to be helpful by doing what someone asks
12 cooperate v you to do
illegal, bad or dishonest behaviour, especially by
12 corruption n people
any in positions
medical of power
operation which is intended to
improve a person's appearance rather than their
12 cosmetic surgery n health
the job or process of listening to someone and
12 counselling n giving them advice about their problems
performed or presented to the public for the first
12 debut adj time
your idea or opinion of yourself, or a great
12 ego n feeling of your own importance and ability

to show or state that something is very important

12 emphasise v or worth giving attention to

12 entertaining adj funny and enjoyable

to persuade someone to do something by
12 entice v offering them something pleasant

12 envious adj wishing you had what another person has

either of the two pieces of skin which can close

12 eyelid n over each eye

12 facial adj of or on the face

information or statements of opinion about
something, such as a new product, that provide
12 feedback n an idea of whether it is successful or liked

12 field of vision phrasethe whole area that someone can see

a substance that is used to fill small holes and
12 filler n cracks,
the last especially
in a series in
ofwood andraces
games, wallsor
competitions, usually the one in which the
12 final n winner is chosen

12 firm n a company or business

12 fix v to repair
when yousomething
bring your eyebrows together so that
there are lines
something onisyour
which not face above
serious or ofyour
realeyes
valueto
12 frown n show
that isthat
usedyou
to are annoyed
attract or worried
people's attention or
interest temporarily, especially to make them buy
12 gimmick n something

12 go for phrasato try to have or achieve something

12 good-looking adj describes a physically attractive man or woman

53
12 harm v to hurt someone or damage something

12 harmless adj not able or not likely to cause harm

12 head teacher n someone who is in charge of a school

imagined or suggested but not necessarily real
12 hypothetical adj or true

12 immaculate adj perfectly clean or tidy

12 imperfection n a fault or weakness

12 improve v to (cause something to) get better

something which encourages a person to do
12 incentive n something
money that is earned from doing work or
12 income n received
a from investments
single person or thing, especially when
compared to the group or set to which they
12 individual n to protect yourself against risk by regularly
belong
paying a special company that will provide a
12 Indonesia n a country
fixed in Southeast
amount of money Asia
if you are killed or injured
or if your and
unhappy home or possessions
angry are damaged,
because someone has
12 insure v destroyed or
something or stolen
someone you want, or because
you think they might take something or someone
12 jealous adj that you love away from you

12 lab n a laboratory

12 layout n the way that something is arranged

an eyelid (= either of the two pieces of skin
12 lid n which can close over each eye)
a group of people that has been brought
12 line-up n a plastic card
together which
to form is given
a team to apart
or take customer by a
in an event
business and which is used to record
information about what the customer buys and
12 lose your temper phraseto
to suddenly
reward them become angrygoods or services
for buying
12 loyalty card n from the business
a set of changes that are intended to make a
12 makeover n person or place more attractive
the person in an organisation who is charge of
12 marketing director n encouraging people to buy a product or service
based on principles that you or people in general
12 morally adv consider to be right, honest or acceptable

12 naked adj not covered by clothes

12 narrative adj telling a story

existing or happening in all parts of a particular
12 nationwide adj country

54
 to cut a body open for medical reasons in order
to repair, remove or replace a diseased or
12 operate v damaged part

to make a choice, especially for one thing or

12 opt v possibility in preference to any others

12 outcome n a result or effect of an action, situation, etc.

12 permanently adv always and forever

If someone is given permission to do something,
12 permission n they
to aresomeone
treat allowed to do it or cruelly over a long
unfairly
period of time because of their race, religion, or
political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing
12 persecute v to leave them alone
12 plain adj (used for emphasis) complete
a medical operation to bring a damaged area of
12 plastic surgeon n a person
skin, and who performs
sometimes plastic
bone, backsurgery
to a usual
appearance, or to improve a person's
12 plastic surgery n appearance

12 practitioner n someone involved in a skilled job or activity

12 precise adj exact and accurate

when you like something or someone more than
12 preference n another person or thing
an advantage that only one person or group of
people has, usually because of their position or
12 privilege n because they are rich

a set of actions which is the official or accepted

12 procedure n way of doing something
to officially accuse someone of committing a
12 promotion n activities
crime in atocourt
advertise
of law,something
or (of a lawyer) to try to
prove that a person accused of committing a
12 prosecute v crime is guilty of that crime
someone who supplies something, or a
12 provider n company that does this
the act of making information or stories available
12 publication n to people in a printed form
the circular black area in the centre of your eye,
12 pupil n through
something which
thatlight
seemsenters
to be a fast and easy
solution to a problem but is in fact not very good
12 quick fix n or will not last long
tofeeling
a build orofcreate
sadnessagain something
about thatsad
something hasorbeen
12 reconstruct v damaged
wrong or destroyed
or about a mistake that you have made,
and a wish that it could have been different and
12 regret n better
to take something or someone away from
12 remove v somewhere, or off something

55
12 reputable adj having a good reputation and able to be trusted

12 sanction v to
to formally give permission
put information for something
on a computer onto a
12 save v computer disk

12 scheme n an officially organised plan or system

easily upset by the things people say or do, or

causing people to be upset, embarrassed or
12 sensitive adj angry

a person who illegally takes goods from a shop

12 shoplifter n without paying for them
12 significantly adv in a way that is easy to see or by a large amount
to state or describe something clearly and
12 specify v exactly

12 stunning adj extremely beautiful or attractive

12 subsequent adj happening after something else

12 surgical adj used for medical operations

to give something and be given something else

12 swap v instead; to exchange

the quality of having parts that match each other,

12 symbolic adj representing
especially in asomething else
way that is attractive, or similarity
12 symmetry n of shape or contents

12 take n a particular feeling or opinion

to join another person, or form a group with
12 team up phrasaother people, in order to do something together

12 the NHS n the National

If time Health
or money Service
is tight, there is only just
12 tight adj enough of it
the set of ten records that have been bought by
the largest numbers of people in the previous
12 top ten n week
12 ugly adj unpleasant to look at; not attractive
expressed in a way which makes it completely
12 unambiguous adj clear what is meant
to fail to guess or understand the real cost, size,
12 underestimate v difficulty, etc. of
to experience something
something which is unpleasant or
12 undergo v which involves a change

not treating people in an equal way, or not

12 unfair adj morally right

56
 the importance or worth of something for
12 value n someone
a visual aid; something that you are shown, such
as a picture,
a piece film that
of paper or map,
can in
beorder
usedto
tohelp you
pay for
12 visual n understand or remember information
particular goods or services or that allows you to
12 voucher n pay less than the usual price for them

12 worth adj having a particular value, especially in money

12 wrinkle n a small line in the skin caused by old age

12 wrongly adv not correctly

13 aid v to help

13 archaeological adj involving

an object or relating
that to archaeology
is made by a person, such as a
tool or a decoration, especially one that is of
13 artefact n historical interest
very pleasing in appearance or sound, or
13 attractive adj causing interest or pleasure
13 bits and pieces plural small things or jobs of different types

13 call round phrasato visit someone for a short time

an area where people are kept temporarily for a
13 camp n particular reason
when someone is taken prisoner, or something
is taken into your possession, especially by
13 capture n force

the goods carried by a ship, aircraft or other

13 cargo n large vehicle
a small round piece of metal, usually silver or
13 coin n copper coloured, which is used as money

an occasion when two or more similar things

happen at the same time, especially in a way
13 coincidence n that is unlikely and surprising
13 consent n permission or agreement
the situation within which something exists or
13 context n happens, and
something thatthat
youcan help
do or explain
give it produce or
to help
achieve something together with other people,
13 contribution n or to help make something successful

resembling a talk between two or more people,

13 conversational adj usually an informal one

when someone is officially found to be guilty of a

13 conviction n particular crime
information, especially facts or numbers,
collected to be examined and considered and
13 crowded adj If a place
used is crowded,
to help it is full oforpeople
decision-making, information in
an electronic form that can be stored and
13 data n processed by a computer

57
 a large amount of information stored in a
computer system in such a way that it can be
13 database n easily looked at or changed
when the police discover information about
13 detection n crimes
to arrange something or a collection of things so
13 display v that they can be seen by the public
the sport of jumping into water or swimming
13 diving n under water

13 dozen n twelve
gracefulness and attractiveness in appearance
13 elegance n or behaviour
when words are left out of a sentence but the
13 ellipsis n sentence can still be understood

13 end result n a result

the of a of
process series of events
removing earthorthat
a long process
is covering
very old objects buried in the ground in order to
13 excavation n discover things about the past

an object such as a painting that is shown to the

13 exhibit n public

a style that is popular at a particular time,

13 fashion n especially in clothes, hair, make-up, etc.

13 fashionable adj popular at aofparticular

the pattern timeon the end of a finger
curved lines
or
a person whose job involvesinthe
thumb, which is different every person,
study of theor a
13 fingerprint n mark left by this pattern
systems and processes involved in the world's
weather, mountains, seas, lakes, etc. and of the
ways in which countries and people organise life
13 geographer n within an area

13 gold dust n gold in powder form

If you help
features out, you to
belonging dothe
a part of someone's
culture work
of a particular
13 help out phrasaor give someone money
society, such as traditions, languages or
buildings, which still exist from the past and
13 heritage n which have a historical importance
connected with the study or representation of
13 historical adj things from the past

to give a person or animal a place to live, or to

13 house v provide space for something

very famous or popular, especially being

13 iceberg n a very largeto
considered mass of ice particular
represent that floatsopinions
in the sea
or a
13 iconic adj particular time
coloured liquid used for writing, printing and
13 ink n drawing
a person whose job is to teach people a
13 instructor n practical skill
a set of things, such as tools or clothes, used for
13 kit n a particular purpose or activity

58
13 leave out phrasato not include
a group someone
of large or something
machines or the parts of a
13 machinery n machine which make it work
one of the original people of New Zealand and
13 Maori n the Cook Islands

13 marine adj related to the sea or sea transport

to represent or show a characteristic of a person
13 mark v or thingto
related orthe
feeling
Middle Ages (= the period in
European history from about 600 AD to 1500
13 medieval adj AD)

13 membership n the state of

someone belonging
who studies to an organisation
meteorology (= the
scientific study of the processes that cause
13 meteorologist n particular weather conditions)
an island country in the southwestern Pacific
13 New Zealand adj Ocean

13 noticeboard n a board on a wall on which notices can be fixed

13 novel adj new and original, not like anything seen before

to watch carefully the way something happens

or the way someone does something, especially
13 observe v in
notorder to any
in use learnmore,
morehaving
about been
it replaced by
13 obsolete adj something newer and better or more fashionable
If food is out-of-date, it is old and not now safe to
13 out-of-date adj eat
old-fashioned and therefore not as good or as
13 outdated adj fashionable as something modern
a large house that is the official home of a king,
13 palace n queen or other person of high social rank

a round green seed, several of which grow in a

13 pea n pod,
a veryeaten
long as a vegetable
large tube, often underground,
through which liquid or gas can flow for long
13 pipeline n distances
to control or guard a public event or area by
13 police v using members of the police or a similar force

a member
(the use of)ofspecial
the armed
marksforces
that who has to
you add been
writing
13 prisoner of war n caught by enemy forces during a war
to separate phrases and sentences, to show that
13 punctuation n something is a question, etc.
13 pure adj complete;
the amountonly
or number of something, especially
13 quantity n that
to keep information foror
can be measured theis future,
fixed by writing it
13 record v down or storing it on a computer

relating to or coming from a particular part of a

13 regional adj country

59
 when a name or information is recorded on an
13 registration n official list
a written or spoken message which reminds
13 reminder n someone to do something
13 renew v to increase the life of or replace something old
to repair and improve something, especially a
13 renovate v building
to say or write something again in a different and
13 rephrase v usually clearera way
If you restore quality or ability that someone
has not had for a long time, you make it possible
13 restore v for them to have that quality or ability again

13 revolutionary adj completely new

to completely and having
change a great
something so effect
that it is
13 revolutionise v much better
a substance that is found on beaches and in
13 ring v to make which
deserts, a telephone callfrom
is made to someone
an accident in which a ship isvery small grains
destroyed of
or sunk
13 sand n rock
at sea, especially by hitting rocks, or a ship
which has been destroyed or sunk in such an
13 shipwreck n accident

13 shorten v to (cause
to becomesomething
shorter or or
to someone
make something shorter
to) go down
below the surface or to the bottom of a liquid or
13 sink v soft substance
the frame of bones supporting a human or
13 skeleton n animal body

13 steamship n a
(aship which
piece movesthin
of) strong by rope
steam power
which is made by
twisting very thin threads together and which is
13 string n used for fastening and tying things
to go below the surface of the sea or a river or
13 submerge v lake

13 surface n the outer or top part or layer of something

a container which is filled with objects
considered to be typical of the present period in
13 the key to phrasethe bestand
history or only
thenway to achieve
buried, so that something
it can be dug up
13 time capsule n and studied in a future period
a round red sharp-tasting fruit with a lot of seeds
13 tomato n which is eaten cooked or raw as a savoury food
a vehicle or system of vehicles, such as buses,
13 transportation n trains, etc. for getting from one place to another

13 ukulele n a
tosmall guitar
discover or banjo secret
something with four
or strings
hidden or
13 uncover v remove something covering something else

under the surface of the water, especially under

13 underwater adj the surfacethe
to remove of the sea of something, especially
contents
a load of goods from a vehicle, the bullets from a
13 unload v gun or the film
not needed from a camera
or wanted, or more than is needed
13 unnecessary adj or wanted
more than is usual or expected or in a way that
13 unusually adv is not usual

60
 modern, recent, or containing the latest
13 up-to-date adj information
a new form of something which existed at an
13 update n earlier time

13 update v to give someone the most recent information

13 vessel n a large boat

belonging to,ormade
a ship
in or living in the time when
Queen Victoria was queen of Britain (1837-
13 Victorian adj 1901)
describes something that can be done or seen
using a computer and therefore without going
13 virtual adj anywhere or talking to anyone
any object used in fighting or war, such as a
13 weapon n gun, bomb, sword, etc.
the conditions in the air above the Earth such as
wind, rain or temperature, especially at a
13 weather n particular
(especiallytime over a particular
of something area
old) kept in good
13 well-preserved adj condition
an area like a wide wall built near the edge of
the sea or a river where ships can be tied and
13 wharf n goods unloaded
a vehicle or ship that has been destroyed or
13 wreck n badly damaged
the forward movement of something, or an
14 advance n improvement or development in something
when animals are used for testing drugs and
14 animal testing n other scientific experiments
in a way
a verb that
that shows
gives you are confident
grammatical andfor
information, not
14 assertively adv frightened to say what you want or believe
example about tense, which is not given by the
14 auxiliary n main verb of a sentence

14 Bali n an
an island
official in Indonesia
order that prevents something from
14 ban n happening
14 beam v to smile with obvious pleasure
to be patient and wait while someone does
14 bear with phrasasomething

14 bizarrely adv in a very

a man or strange
boy whoand unusual
a person way a romantic
is having
14 boyfriend n or sexual relationship
a medical examinationwith
in which an image of the
14 brain scan n brain is made using a special machine
14 cautiously adv in a way that is careful and avoids risks

14 cerebral adj relating to the brain

14 chin n the part of a person's face below their mouth

connected with thinking or conscious mental

14 cognitive adj processes

61
 a short piece of writing about a particular
14 composition n subject, done by a student

to prove that a belief or an opinion which was

14 confirm v previously not completely certain is true
to order, limit or rule something, or someone's
14 control v actions or behaviour

14 controversial adj causing disagreement or discussion

to force air out of your lungs through your throat
14 cough v with a short loud sound

14 criticise v to express disapproval of someone or something

14 cruelty n cruel behaviour or a cruel action
(a) protection or support against attack, criticism
14 defence n or infectionwho protects a place against attack, or
someone
who believes in and supports a person, idea,
14 defender n plan, etc.

14 depart v to go away or leave, especially on a journey

14 divide v to (cause to) separate into parts or groups

the point at which an electric current enters or
14 electrode n leaves something, for example, a battery

to be able to understand how someone else

14 empathise v feels
the ability to share someone else's feelings or
experiences by imagining what it would be like
14 empathy n to be in their situation
done or said in a strong way and without any
14 emphatic adj doubt

when you give something to someone and they

14 exchange n give you something else
to make it likely that someone will experience
14 expose to phrasasomething harmful or unpleasant

14 extensive adj covering a large area; having a great range

Something far-reaching has a great influence on
14 far-reaching adj many people
to move thingsorabout
thingsor touch things with no
14 fiddle v particular purpose
14 fire v to (cause to) start to operate suddenly

14 firmly adv a
in part of that
the DNA in a cell which contains
to amove
way
informationa partis certain
in aofspecial
or definite
your body intoreceived
pattern a position
by each
14 fold v where
animal itorisplant
closefrom
to your body and which
its parents,
controls its physical development, behaviour,
14 gene n etc.

14 gently adv calmly, kindly or softly

62
 when someone or something behaves in a
14 imitation n similar way to someone or something else

14 inappropriate adj unsuitable

14 infant n a baby or a very young child

14 introduction n the first

when part of something
something is changed so that it is the
opposite of what it was before, or when
14 inversion n something is turned upside down
14 jokingly adv in dish
a a way which is of
consisting intended to be funny
small pieces of meat and
vegetables that have been put on a long thin
14 kebab n stick
whenorthemetal
lawsrod
of aand cooked
country aretogether
being obeyed,
especially when the police or army are used to
14 law and order n make certain of this

14 lie v to exist
to make a connection between two or more
14 link v people, things or ideas

a substance, such as water, that is not solid or a

14 liquid n gas and that
a system can be poured
for producing easilypictures of the
electronic
magnetic resonance organs inside a person's body, using radio
14 imaging n waves and a strong magnetic field

14 meat n the flesh of an animal when it is used for food

14 micro- prefix very small

to use something in an unsuitable way or in a
14 misuse v way that was not intended

a sudden change from one extreme mood to

14 mood swing n another

a fungus with a round top and short stem. Some

14 mushroom n types of mushroom can be eaten

a thin hard area that covers the upper side of the

14 nail n end of each finger and each toe

14 nasty adj bad

a or very
group unpleasant
of long thin fibres (structures like
threads) that carry information or instructions
14 nerve n between the brain and other parts of the body

a nerve cell that carries information between the

14 neuron n brain and other parts of the body
a person who studies the nervous system and
14 neuroscientist n brain

63
 If something must on no account/not on any
account be done, it must not be done at any
14 not on any account phrasetime or for any reason

14 odour n a smell, often one that is unpleasant

a person who takes part in or becomes involved
14 participant n in a particular activity
a liquid obtained from petroleum, used
especially as a fuel for cars, aircraft and other
14 petrol n vehicles

14 phenomena n plural of phenomenon

of the way in which the bodies of living things

14 physiological adj work

(the state of having) enough or more than

14 plenty pron enough, or a large amount
If a computer processes information, it performs
a particular series of operations on the
14 process v information, such as a set of calculations.

a good understanding of someone and an ability

14 rapport n to communicate well with them
a small rodent, larger than a mouse, which has a
14 rat n long
to gettail and is considered
a helpful to be
or good effect as harmful
a result of
14 reap the benefit v something
to say or prove that a person, statement,
14 refute v opinion, etc. is wrong or false
in a way that shows you want to be polite or
14 respectfully adv Ifhonour someone
a quality or characteristic that someone has
rubs off, other people begin to have it because
they have been with that person and learnt it
14 rub off phrasafrom them
to look at something carefully, with the eyes or
14 scan v with a machine, in order to get information

a description of possible actions or events in the

14 scenario n future
to arrange that an event or activity will happen at
14 schedule v a particular time

14 shortly adv soon

14 significant adj important or noticeable

to breathe in a very noisy way while you are

14 snore v sleeping

always
to moveloyal in supporting
a hand, a person,
another part organisation
of the body or an
14 staunch adj or set of beliefs or opinions
object gently over something or someone,
14 stroke v usually repeatedly and for pleasure

64
 unable to move, or fixed in a particular position,
14 stuck adj place or way of thinking
14 sunlight n the light that comes from the sun
take into to consider or remember when judging a
14 consideration n situation

14 tilt v to (cause to) move into a sloping position

14 trigger off phrasato cause something bad to start

14 undeniably adv certainly true

14 undoubtedly adv used to emphasise that something is true

14 unlucky adj not lucky

14 unquestionably adv used to emphasise that something is true

a strong wish, especially one which is difficult or
14 urge n impossible to control

14 veto n (a) refusal to allow something to be done

14 whereas conjuncompared with the fact that; but

14 wide-ranging adj covering many subjects

to connect a piece of electrical equipment with
14 wire (up) v wires
to opensothe
thatmouth
it will work
wide and take a lot of air into
the lungs and slowly send it out, usually when
14 yawn v tired
to useoror
bored
treat someone or something wrongly or
badly, especially in a way that is to your own
Welcome
abuse v advantage
someone who teaches at a college, or who
Welcome
academic n studies as part of their job
a person who cannot stop doing or using
Welcome
addict n something,
someone who especially something
enjoys and harmful
looks for dangerous
Welcome
adventurer n and exciting experiences

Welcome
all corners of the world phrasemany different distant parts of the world

considering all the different parts of the situation

Welcome
all in all phrasetogether

Welcome
annce v to state or make known, especially publicly
happening once every year, or relating to a
Welcome
annual adj period of onearrest
If the police year someone, they take them
away to ask them about a crime which they
Welcome
arrest v might have committed

65
 as far as sb is
Welcome
concerned adj used to say what someone's opinion is
from the first time that you see someone or
Welcome
at first sight phrasesomething

used to emphasise that something is good in a

Welcome
at least idiom bad situation

Welcome
attend v to go tocontainer,
a large an event, made
place, of
etc.
wood, metal or
plastic, with a flat top and bottom and curved
Welcome
barrel n sides that make it fatter in the middle

having a particular value, especially in money or

Welcome
be worth phraseemotional importance

Welcome
bother v to make the effort
If something to do something
dangerous or unpleasant breaks
Welcome
break out phrasaout, it suddenly starts
(especially of a woman or girl) attractively full of
Welcome
bubbly adj energy and enthusiasm
to take someone as a prisoner, or to take
something into your possession, especially by
Welcome
capture v force

in, at, from or near the centre or most important

Welcome
central adj part of something

Welcome
come across phrasato
anfind something
agreement byargument
in an chance in which the
people involved reduce their demands or
Welcome
compromise n change their opinion in order to agree
to admit that you have done something wrong or
Welcome
confess v something that you feel guilty or bad about
having confidence (= when you are certain of
Welcome
confident adj your ability to do things well)
an active disagreement between people with
Welcome
conflict n opposing opinions or principles

someone who believes that people should

Welcome
conservationist n protect nature
a lot of disagreement or argument about
something, usually because it affects or is
Welcome
controversy n important
two to many
or a few thingspeople
that are similar or the same,
or two or a few people who are in some way
Welcome
couple n connected

Welcome
crikey excl an expression
(informal) of surprise
crocodile: a big reptile with a long
mouth and sharp teeth, that lives in lakes and
Welcome
croc n rivers

Welcome
crowd n a large group of people who have come together

Welcome
deadly adj likely to cause death

66
 something, especially money, which is owed to
Welcome
debt n someone else, or the state of owing something

Welcome
definitely adv without any doubt
a statement that something is not true or does
Welcome
denial n not exist

to dissociate (= to consider as separate and not

Welcome
disassociate v related)
someone who does things that they think will
help other people, although the other people
Welcome
do-gooder n might not find their actions helpful
the process of teaching or learning in a school or
Welcome
education n college, or the knowledge that you get from this

when someone thinks that they are very

Welcome
egotistical adj important and is not interested in other people
when someone talks or behaves in a way that
Welcome
encouragement n gives you confidence to do something
animals which may soon not exist because there
Welcome
endangered species plural are very few now alive

Welcome
error n a mistake
a short piece of writing on a particular subject,
especially one done by students as part of the
Welcome
essay n work for a course

Welcome
fall down phrasato fall to the ground
to argue with someone and stop being friendly
Welcome
fall out phrasawith them
an amount of money paid for a particular piece
Welcome
fee n of
to work
causeortofor
fillaorparticular
become right or service
covered with water,
Welcome
flood v especially in a way that causes problems
the main or central point of something,
Welcome
focus n especially of attention or interest

Welcome
footage n (a piece of) film especially one showing an event

a border which surrounds and supports a

Welcome
frame n picture, door which
a substance or window
is used to provide heat or
Welcome
fuel n power, usually by being burned

a (usually religious) ceremony for burying or

Welcome
funeral n burning
a group the body of
of young a dead
people, person young men,
especially
who spend time together, often fighting with
Welcome
gang n other groups and behaving badly
Welcome
global adj relating to the whole world

67
 describes a book or magazine which has been
produced on shiny and expensive paper and
Welcome
glossy adj contains many colour pictures

Welcome
go back for more phraseto want to keep doing or having something
Welcome
go to great lengths idiom to try very hard to achieve something

Welcome
half-hearted adj showing no enthusiasm
to give something and
to each interest
person in a group or
Welcome
hand out phrasaplace
to
to pick something
fasten upsomething
or support and touch,athold or move
the top it
leaving
Welcome
handle v with your hands
the other parts free to move, or to be held in this
Welcome
hang v way
have all the cares of
the world on your
Welcome
shoulders phraseto be very worried by many different problems

a holiday taken by a man and a woman

Welcome
honeymoon n immediately after their marriage

Welcome
household name n a famous person that most people know of

saying that you have particular moral beliefs but

behaving in a way that shows these are not
Welcome
hypocritical adj sincere
a thick layer of ice that permanently covers an
Welcome
ice cap n area of landor done without delay or very soon
happening
Welcome
immediate adj after something else

Welcome
in danger of sth n the possibility that something bad will happen

Welcome
in the first place phrasein or at the beginning (of a series of events)
(said or done) in order to help a particular thing
Welcome
in the name of phrasesucceed
the relationships between companies and their
Welcome
industrial relations plural workers
describes something that has an effect on
everyone who is have
Insecure people present and
little makes them
confidence and want
are
Welcome
infectious adj to join in
uncertain about their own abilities and about
Welcome
insecure adj whether other people really like them

behaving or reacting naturally and without

Welcome
instinctively adj thinking
relating to your ability to think and understand
Welcome
intellectual adj things,usually
used, especially complicated
at the beginning ideas
of a sentence, to
show that you find something interesting,
Welcome
ironically adv strange or funny

Welcome
issue v to produce or provide something official

68
 either of the two bones in your mouth which hold
Welcome
jaw n your teethwho has the knowledge to give an
a person
opinion about something or is able to decide
Welcome
judge n whether someone or something is good or bad
very interested, eager or wanting (to do)
Welcome
keen adj something very much
a person in control of a group, country or
Welcome
leader n situation

Welcome
leading adj very important or most important
a piece of paper which gives you information or
Welcome
leaflet n advertises something

Welcome
lie around phrasato spend time
someone who lying down
studies and doing
foreign very little
languages or can
speak them very well, or someone who teaches
(informal) magazine (= a type of thin book with
Welcome
linguist n or studies
large linguistics
pages and a paper cover which contains
articles and photographs and is published every
Welcome
m ag a name for
make n week or month)
to become famous or respected by a lot of
Welcome
yourself idiom people

Welcome
make it big idiom to be very successful
temporary and of low quality, but used because
Welcome
makeshift adj of a sudden need

to walk somewhere quickly and in a determined

Welcome
march v way, often because you are angry
a covering for all or part of the face which
protects, hides or decorates the person wearing
Welcome
mask n ithaving an effect on or involving a large number
information used when writing something such
Welcome
mass adj of
as people
a book,ororforming a large
information amountin various
produced
Welcome
material n forms to help people or to advertise products

Welcome
maximum n the largest amount allowed or possible

Welcome
meaningful adj useful, serious or important
to turn from something solid into something soft
Welcome
melt v or liquid,orordamage
to spoil to causesomething,
somethingortotododothis
Welcome
mess up phrasasomething wrong or badly
any
If thework thatarmy
police, someone
or anybelieves
group ofit people
is their in
duty to
Welcome
mission n do
authority move in, or if someone moves them in,
they take control or attack, in order to deal with a
Welcome
move in phrasadifficult
an areaor ofdangerous situation
a country that is protected by the
government because of its natural beauty or
Welcome
national park n because it has a special history
a person who studies and knows a lot about
Welcome
naturalist n plants
an areaand animals
of land which is protected in order to
keep safe the animals and plants that live there,
Welcome
nature park n often
not because
saying they anything
or doing are rare that would
encourage or help any of the groups involved in
Welcome
neutral adj an argument or war

69
 to officially suggest someone for an election, job,
Welcome
nominate v position or honour
If something or someone obsesses you, or if you
Welcome
notoriety n the stateabout
obsess of being famousorforsomeone,
something something bad
you think
Welcome
obsess v about them all the time
a room or part of a building in which people
Welcome
obvious adj clear; especially
work, easy to see, recognise
sitting or understand
at tables with computers,
telephones, etc., usually as a part of a business
Welcome
office n or other organisation

a title or form of address for a member of the

Welcome
officer n police force

Welcome
openly adv without hiding any of your thoughts or feelings
in some political systems, the elected politicians
who belong to the largest party which does not
Welcome
opposition n form theof
a group government
people who work together in a
Welcome
organisation n structured way for a shared purpose
(especially in the past) a person who has broken
the law and who lives separately from the other
Welcome
originally adv first
partsofofallsociety because they want to escape
Welcome
outlaw n legal punishment

a food made from a mixture of flour, fat and

Welcome
passionate adj having very strong
water, which feelings
is rolled orwrapped
flat and emotionsround or
Welcome
pastry n put over or under other foods and baked

a document signed by a large number of people

demanding or requesting some action from the
Welcome
petition n government or another authority
to catch and kill animals without permission on
Welcome
poach v someone else's land
a substance that can make people or animals ill
Welcome
poison n or kill them if they eat or drink it

Welcome
poisonous adj very harmful and able to cause illness or death

Welcome
potential adj possible when the necessary conditions exist

Welcome
present v to introduce
trying a television
to appear or soundormore
radioimportant
show or
clever than you are, especially in matters of art
Welcome
pretentious adj and literature

Welcome
pretty adv quite, but not extremely

Welcome
prime minister n the leader of the government in some countries
to tell someone that you will certainly do
Welcome
promise v something

70
Welcome
provoke v to cause ainreaction,
behaving especially
an unpleasant wayaby
negative one
trying too
much to get something or to make someone do
Welcome
pushy adj something
to make someone dislike something or
someone, or to discourage someone from doing
Welcome
put off phrasasomething

relating to the most important parts of something

Welcome
radical adj or someone; complete or extreme

a suggestion that something is good or suitable

Welcome
recommendation n for a particular purpose or job
to think again about a decision or opinion and
Welcome
reconsider v decide whether you want to change it
when someone refuses to do or accept
Welcome
refusal n something
the way in which two or more people feel and
Welcome
relationship n behave towards each other

to stay in the same place or in the same

Welcome
remain v condition

Welcome
repay v to
to pay
makeback or to reward someone
an organisation, or something
industry, system, etc.
Welcome
reshape v operate differently

Welcome
resolve v to solve or end a problem or difficulty
to move about or travel, especially without a
Welcome
roam v clear
a veryidea of what
famous andyou are going
successful to do of
performer
Welcome
rock star n popular music
to stop someone or something from being killed,
Welcome
save v injured or destroyed
a flat surface in a cinema, on a television or a
computer system on which pictures or words are
Welcome
screen n shown

only interested in yourself and your own

Welcome
self-obsessed adj activities
something very exciting or interesting, or
something which causes great excitement or
Welcome
sensation n interest
part of a situation that can be considered or
Welcome
side n dealt with separately
too pleased or satisfied about something you
Welcome
smug adj have achieved or something you know
describes someone who likes to meet and
Welcome
sociable adj spend time with other people
If two people split up, they end their relationship
Welcome
split up phrasaor marriage

71
 to support a person, organisation or activity by
Welcome
sponsor v giving money, encouragement or other help
a condition in which all movement or activity has
Welcome
standstill n stopped
a large flatsomeone
describes round fishwhowithfollows
a longthe
tail rules
that has
and
Welcome
stingray n poisonousofpoints
principles on or
a belief it way of living very
carefully and exactly, or a belief or principle that
Welcome
strict adj is followed very carefully and exactly
to experience difficulty and make a very great
Welcome
struggle v effort in order to do something

Welcome
success n the achieving of the results wanted or hoped for

Welcome
supply n an amount
to clean, of something
especially that
a floor, byisusing
available for to
a brush use
collect the dirt into one place from which it can
Welcome
sweep v be removed
describes someone who shows, especially by
what they say, that they understand and care
Welcome
sympathetic adj about someone's
to consider suffering
a person, subject or situation to be
important or dangerous and worth your attention
Welcome
take seriously phraseor respect

to support one person or group rather than

Welcome
take sides phraseanother, in an argument or war
a television programme in which people
compete to show who is the most skilled,
Welcome
talent show n especially at being entertaining
the government department that is responsible
Welcome
tax man n for collecting taxes
a short rest from working, usually spent drinking
Welcome
tea break n tea or something
teenage similar
(= of a young person between 13 and
Welcome
teen adj 19 years old)

Welcome
terror n (violent action which causes) extreme fear

the other things, people or parts that remain or

Welcome
the rest phrasethat have not been mentioned

Welcome
think up phrasato produce a new idea or plan

Welcome
tirelessly adv working energetically and continuously

Welcome
to be honest phrase(informal) used to express your real opinion
Welcome
to my mind idiom in my opinion
(a) pain caused by something being wrong with
Welcome
toothache n one of your teeth
If a band tours a particular area, it performs in
Welcome
tour v several places there

72
 a building in which local government officials and
Welcome
town hall n employees work and
a way of achieving anhave meetings
aim or solving a problem
by trying a number of different methods and
Welcome
trial and error phraselearning from the mistakes that you make
If a piece of work or problem is tricky, it is difficult
Welcome
tricky adj to adeal
in waywith
thatand needs
shows thatcareful
you areattention
feeling or skill
very
pleased
someone who intentionally causes problemsorfor
because you have won something
Welcome
triumphantly adv succeeded
other people, especially people who are in a
Welcome
troublemaker n position of power or authority
the money paid for teaching, especially when
Welcome
tuition fee n given to a college or university

to happen in a particular way or to have a

Welcome
turn out phrasaparticular result, especially an unexpected one

Welcome
unreasonable adj not
a fair or acceptable
medium-sized road vehicle used especially for
carrying goods and which often has no windows
Welcome
van n in the sides of the back half

Welcome
variety n many different types of things or people
Welcome
vegetarian adj not eating or including meat
an opinion or belief or idea, or a way of thinking
Welcome
view n about
actionssomething
or words which are intended to hurt
Welcome
violence n people
done, made or given willingly, without being
Welcome
voluntary adj forced
a roomor
in paid to do
a place it
where people can sit and rest
while waiting, as in a railway station or a doctor's
Welcome
waiting room n office
to make someone realise a possible danger or
Welcome
warn v problem,
said whenespecially
you think one
it is in the future
possible that the
fame/success, etc. that has been achieved was
Welcome
what price? phrasenot worth all the suffering it has caused
something a person tells you that makes you
Welcome
witty adj using wordsthere
understand in a clever and funny
is a possible way or
danger
Welcome
word of warning phraseproblem, especially one in the future
If a problem or difficult situation works out, it
gradually becomes better or satisfactory, and if
Welcome
work out phrasayou work it out, you make it better or satisfactory

a building or room where people perform their

Welcome
workplace n jobs, or these places generally
to fight with someone (especially as a sport) by
holding them and trying to throw them to the
Welcome
wrestle v ground
an area in which animals, especially wild
animals, are kept so that people can go and look
Welcome
zoo n at them, or study them

73
example sentence

Aborigine culture
to administer medicine / punishment /
relief

Alaska is a very large state.

That's where he allegedly killed his
wife.

Watch
Sales out
of for alligators.
nerve gas antidotes increased
The minister argued for/in favour
dramatically before the war.
of/against making cuts in military
spending.
Should the opportunity arise, I'd love to
go to China.

What have you based your idea on?

She bears a close resemblance to her
brother.

Do you think there's life beyond the

grave?

She trained as a biologist.

The news spread by word of mouth.

a cautionary tale

a wedding/graduation ceremony
Hot water circulates through the
heating system.
I think she coped very well under the
circumstances.
The war has claimed thousands of
lives.

the political/social climate

I hate cockroaches!

a colony of ants/termites/bacteria

74
Elbow injuries are commonly found
among tennis players.
For many people, dieting is a
compulsion.

a conference
The on women's
water supply rights for
is being tested
contamination (the presence of
unwanted or dangerous substances).
contemporary music / literature / art /
fashion
If you're both going to lie, at least stick
to the same story and don't contradict
each other!

a convincing argument/explanation
The ranch employed ten or twelve
cowboys.
Her name keeps cropping up in
conversation.

You can find the answer to almost any

question in cyberspace.
He has dedicated his life to scientific
research.

The specialist
Economists diagnosed
differ cancer.
on the cause of
inflation.
The President is clearly in a dilemma
about/over how to tackle the crisis.
electronically generated graphics

The
This nail was
is one ofembedded into the wood.
the many problems faced
by working mothers.

That'll be five pounds, dear,' he said in

an irritatingly familiar way.
The doghave
Do you growled and bared
a favourite fast its fangs.
food
restaurant?

He gets on well with his father-in-law.

I filled her in on the latest gossip.
Both of my brothers are keen
fishermen.
Please don't flush any rubbish down
the toilet.
What animal made these footprints?

He started shouting so I hung up (on

him).

75
Fighting in Vietnam was an experience
that would haunt him for the rest of his
life.

a horrific accident/crime
The crowd cried out in horror as the car
burst into flames.
The massacre was a crime against
humanity.

Even the smallest

The company baby back
is cutting can identify
its its
mother by her voice.
spending and I wonder what the
implications will be for our department.

The
Andychild
and was
Vickiclearly
had a in distress.
furious row
outside their house, in full view of the
neighbours.

She wanted a particular type of cactus.

Incredibly, no one was hurt in the

accident.
He's an integral part of the team and
we can't do without him.
Police are investigating allegations of
corruption involving senior executives.

These documents are largely irrelevant

to the present investigation.

environmental/ethical/personal issues
Killer whales are highly intelligent
creatures.
a largely male company

a lengthy discussion/process
A large crowd looked on as the band
played.
I made up an excuse about why I was
late.

They've got a massive house.

Miraculously, no-one was hurt.

I think you have mistaken me for
someone else.

Her father is a keen motorist.

Many mountaineers have tried to climb
this peak.

The youth died of multiple burns.

76
a mythological hero/creature
What was the nature of his inquiry?

Nepal is famous
We have for its
discussed beauty.
these plans on
numerous occasions.

An octopus can change colour.

IWe're
think particularly
the engine is overheating.
interested to hear
from people who speak two or more
European
We're havinglanguages.
a party tonight - pass it
on.

The meal will cost $20 per person.

a high mountain plateau

She's five and a half months pregnant.

prehistoric man/humans/animals
Prick the skin of the potatoes with a
fork before baking them.

Quote me one organisation that doesn't

have some bad managers.

I offered her a range of options.

We're worried about rattlesnakes
getting into our tent.
The statistics
He was reflect
released froma change in
prison after
people's spending habits.
serving two years of a five-year
sentence.
I was having such a good time I was
reluctant
She to leave.
took/got/exacted (her) revenge on
him for leaving her by smashing up his
car.

a sudden temperature rise

a lengthy and compelling family saga

People from all over Scandinavia come
here.
The baby seals never go far from their
mothers.

Did someone set fire to the house?

77
She set out to find the missing key.

Settlers came here from far and wide.

a sewer pipe
I want to hear your side of the story.
This is the first sighting of this
particularly rare bird in this country.
The discovery of the new drug is of
great significance for/to people
suffering from heart problems.
I'm going to have to take these clothes
off - I'm soaked to the skin!

Do you use social networking sites?

a cut on the sole of her foot

a spectacular view

Could you wipe up that spill, please?

The spread of AIDS in the last few

years has been alarming.
a giant squid

the art of storytelling

Her car went out of control and struck
an oncoming vehicle.

Johnny
Burning suffers from
his letters asthma.
He's complaining ofwas symbolically
all the usual flu
important to her.
symptoms - a high temperature,
headache and so on.

A huge tentacle was wrapped around

his leg.

'Without let or hindrance' is a legal term

which means 'freely'.
It's always the same old story with you
- never enough money.

Animals produce more young in the

wild thanyou
I've told they do and
time in the zoo.- look
again
before you cross the road.
Our discussion ranged over various
topics, such as acid rain and the hole
in the ozone layer.

78
The outbreak of food poisoning was
traced to some contaminated shellfish.

an unexplained death/noise

unwelcome news

I think it's only an urban legend.

This snake's venom can easily kill a

person.
The official version of events is that the
police were attacked and were just
trying
We wereto defend
warnedthemselves.
not to eat the fish
which might give us a slight stomach
upset.
Every night the animals gathered at the
waterhole.

Did anyone witness the attack?

a would-be
We artist/politician
had estimated about 300 visitors,
but the actual number was much
higher.
He addressed a few introductory
remarks to the audience.

an advert for the local radio station

What is our agenda today?

It was Johansson who scored the all-
important goal shortly before half-time.

Researchers analysed the purchases

of 6300 households.
I have an apology to make to you - I'm
afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
an appalled silence/fascination

a
I'msales/shop assistant
auditioning for the part of Lady
Macbeth.
Is this dress
Three available
families living ininone
a larger
room size?
- it's a
disgrace!
Are you going to break the news to her
or shall I?
Bob and I have been great buddies for
years.
There are three candidates standing in
the
Sheelection.
capitalised on her knowledge and
experience to get a new and better
paid job.

79
Let's carry on this discussion at some
other time.
casual labour
She is now the CEO of a successful
marketing business.
If you want to open a file, click twice on
the icon for it.
a book on human learning, memory
and cognition
We're entertaining some colleagues of
Ben's tonight.
We've received a complaint from one of
our listeners
Did you comeabout offensive any
to/reach/draw language.
conclusions at the meeting this
morning?
We are conducting a survey to find out
what our customers think of their local
bus service.

a multinational corporation
There's a high correlation between
smoking
What wasandthelung cancer. 'Arthritis in
diagnosis?'
both joints.'

digital data
When she noticed her purse had gone
she felt dismayed.

Are you a disorganised person?

Stop dithering and choose which one
you want!

She's editor of The Times.

It's an extremely effective cure for a
headache.
We need a new games console. This
one is broken.
Just looking at a picture of the sea is
guaranteed
Unfortunatelyto the
make me was
report feel sick.
prepared
in haste and contained several
inaccuracies.

We don't really have much in common.

John had a heart attack three years
ago.
She hesitated slightly before answering
the inspector's question.
Losing my job was the most humiliating
Ithing
didn'tthat
getever
muchhappened to me. of
of an impression
the place because it was dark when we
drove through it.

80
The boy disappeared in the blink of an
eye.

an incorrect answer/diagnosis
A moment's indecision when you've got
the ball and you could lose the game.
a serious infection

This type of account offers you instant

access
It wasn'ttomy
your money.to exclude her
intention
from the list - I just forgot her.

Let's not jump to conclusions!

I think we've chosen the right person to
lead the expedition.

a dog licence
Jack has been a loyal worker in this
company for almost 50 years.

I'm in a hurry. Please make it snappy.

I can't make sense of what he's saying.

You'll need to research the market

thoroughly.
Like so many people, he's motivated by
greed.
I need a few days to mull things over
before I decide if I'm taking the job.

Needless to say, he'll be off work for a

while.
Her objection to/against the plan is
based on incorrect facts.

We met on several occasions to

discuss the issue.
I overheard a very funny conversation
on the bus this morning.
The team were overwhelmingly
defeated in yesterday's game.

a daily/weekly/local/national paper

a part-time job

These figures should be correct

because I've checked them personally.

81
Is
Hethere a pizzeriatonear
was planning bookhere?
a rock-
climbing holiday, till I pointed out that
Denis is afraid of heights.
Laws against racial prejudice must be
strictly enforced.
The company is relocating to new
premises.
She's got a lot of pressure on her at
work just now.
It's all part of the learning process.
The 1990s were a period of rapid
change/growth.
If you tell him what happened, I'm sure
he'll understand - he's a reasonable
man.
The band's latest album will be
released next week.
He was jailed for revealing secrets to
the Russians.

Most reviewers hated his last film.

What is his role in this project?

Many experts remain sceptical about/of
his claims.
The nurse pulled a screen around the
bed so that the doctor could examine
the patient in private.

the sports section

He always of thedecisions
makes snap newspaperand
never thinks about their consequences.
He's written a piece of software which
calculates your taxspecific
The virus attacks returnscells
for you.
in the
brain.
They
People brought
under out
a lotguns and for
of stress may a split
second nobody moved.
experience headaches, minor pains
and sleeping difficulties.
the grammatical structure of a
sentence

a five-year study of the relationship

between wildlife and farming

The film is suitable for children.

I will pass your complaint on to my
superiors.

economic theory

82
The main orchestral brass instruments
are the horn, trumpet, trombone, and
tuba.

a business venture
Vibrations were felt hundreds of miles
from the centre
He pulled out a of
bigthe
fat earthquake.
wallet stuffed
with bank notes.
I weighed up my chances of escape,
and decided to wait for a better
moment.
This credit card allows you to withdraw
up to £200 a day from cash
dispensers.
The national anthems of the teams are
played at the beginning of a big
international football match.

There's no point buying him expensive

wines - he doesn't appreciate them.

I assumed (that) you knew each other

because you went to the same school.

Bet you can't guess who I saw!

How can he afford to buy himself a
brand new
There car?
are, however, one or two items
of good news to brighten the economic
picture a bit.

wild buffalo

Remember to take your cash card!

chief cashier

the chief fire officer/accountant

The interests of British citizens living
abroad are protected by the British
Embassy.

colloquial speech

She's a successful comic now.

I was just congratulating Ceri on
winning/on having won her race.

He's in constant trouble with the police.

Britain has no written constitution.

to construct a new bridge/building

83
crisis talks
There was a curious-looking man
standing outside.

Must dash!

She would like to see the return of the

death penalty
Members in Britain. must make a
of Parliament
declaration of their business interests.
They declared their support for the
proposal.

She's a very demanding child.

The government has promised to
uphold the principlesbyoffeelings
I was overwhelmed democracy.
of
depression.

They devote all their time to helping

others.
Several foreign dignitaries attended the
ceremony.
His interest in cricket has been well-
documented by the media.

How much does your bank allow you to

draw out?
As dusk fell, bats began to fly between
the trees.
The country has been in a very poor
You'll
economicneedstate
to earn
everyour living
since the soon.
decline
of its two major industries.
There's increasing demand for cars
which are more economical on fuel.

the
Theglobal economy
Government is expected to call an
election very soon.

When did you first encounter these

difficulties?

Is it too late to enrol at the college?

The book is a work of fiction and not
intended as a historical account.

a furnished/unfurnished flat

A crowd formed around the accident.

84
People sat around the fountain.

Am I free to leave now?

A crowd had gathered to hear her

speak.

Where can I get hold of some stamps?

a golden necklace
The country is now being governed by
the Labour Party.
A mugger grabbed her handbag as she
was walking across the park.
The film has grossed over $200 million
this year.

Have you handed in your papers?

The company's headquarters is/are in
Amsterdam.

Hooray! I've finished.

I remember when I was a child being
Have you hugged
very impressed your
with howchild
manytoday?
toys
she had.

Are you in a hurry?

The new mobile designs are very much
in demand.

an independent enquiry/organisation

trade and industry

Her job is to interview the inmates.

Greg still insists (that) he did nothing
wrong.

high/low interest rates

He has a large number of bills and
IOUs.

I knelt down on the hard floor.

She's trying to get a $50,000 loan to

start her own business.

85
Make sure you don't mark the
paintwork while you're moving the
furniture around.
Cooking time required: 30-35 mins.
coal/salt mining

the Prince of Monaco

a very moving story

He was mugged in broad daylight.

All the nations of the world will be

represented at the conference.
Those books will keep her occupied for
a while.

Her father was an odd man.

an online
newspaper/magazine/dictionary
A narrow passage led directly through
the house into the garden.

Personal computers must be left in the

lockers.
Phew! I'm so glad I don't have to give
that speech.
I bought these shoes for their
practicality not their appearance.
Technological progress has been so
rapid over the last few years.

Tickets must be purchased two weeks

in advance.
The purpose of the research is to try
and find out more about the causes of
the disease.
The nomads raided the enemy camp
and captured over 100 camels.
Dress sizes range from petite to extra
large.

It took her a long while to recover

from/after her heart operation.

They received hundreds of requests for

more information.

The musical's London run was a

disaster.
Whenever I see him, he seems to be
rushing (about/around).

86
the selection process
We only had a couple of hours to set
up before the exhibition opened.
The instructions were written in simple
English.
The ruined house had a sinister
appearance.

slippery soap

solid ground

Huge sums of money are spent on

national defence.
I didn't read the whole book, just the
synopsis.
a space telescope
He was shot down in enemy territory.

The country's trade in manufactured

UN peacekeeping
goods forces
has expanded in the last ten
years.
a liver/kidney transplant
The trip from York to Newcastle takes
about an hour by train.

a trustworthy friend

She works for

Everything willaultimately
TV station.
depend on
what is said at the meeting with the
directors next week.

May I venture a suggestion?

We spent
During the morning
a successful wandering
business career,
around the old part of the city.
she accumulated a great amount of
wealth.

a documentary on Peruvian wildlife

I think you
Clearly we made a wise
need to comechoice.
to an
arrangement that is acceptable to both
parties.
You can't just make wild accusations
like
The that!
arms-dealing affair has severely
damaged the reputation of the
government.

87
Algiers is the capital of Algeria.

Children normally feel a lot of anxiety

about our
Since theirresearch
first day so
at school.
far has not
produced any answers to this problem,
we need to adopt a different approach
to it.

There are many regional types of

Arabic.

Can you describe

Carlos your assailant?
The filmwas
wasawarded
banned first
(theprize in the
government
essay competition.
prevented it) from being shown in
several countries.

The gorilla rattled the bars of its cage.

Jake never played baseball like the

other kids.
a
Thebasketball star armed with batons and
police were
riot shields.

She wept bitterly at the news.

I really blew it when I turned down that
job offer, didn't I?
People at the back started booing
loudly.
As water begins to boil, bubbles rise
ever faster to the surface.

Be careful with the glasses.

A brilliant centre forward scored two
goals.

English and German are closely

related.
The two vans collided at the
crossroads.
He's not interested in the painting's
commercial value.

Are you competing in the 100 metres?

You're very competitive - it's meant to
be a friendly match!

88
The three men are accused of
conspiracy.
How did he receive your suggestion?'
'Rather coolly
Allegations - Icover-up
of a don't think
of he
thewas too
effects
keen.'
of industrial pollution have been
strongly denied by the Environment
Minister.

There's still noare

The students cure for cancer.
holding a
demonstration to protest against the
increase in their fees.
The plane began (to make) its final
descent into the airport.

After all that hard work, you deserve a

holiday.

a man of fierce/ruthless determination

The referee decided that their player
had dived.

The game ended in a draw.

He bought his wife some duty-free

perfume.

E-books are becoming more and more

popular.
You want a plain blouse to go with that
skirt - nothing too elaborate.

a last-minute equaliser

The holiday lived up to all our

expectations.
We found a buyer for our house, but
then the sale fell through.
a fancy-dress party
The film features James Dean as a
disaffected teenager.

a figure-skating champion

a flawless complexion
The accident forged a close bond
between the two families.
I could sense his frustration at not
being able to help.
A school fails if it does not fulfil the
needs/requirements of its pupils.

89
Stop getting at me!

The goalkeeperasran
Her greatness towards
a writer is the ball.
unquestioned.
Italy had a comfortable three-goal lead
over France by half-time.

a heated debate
After a slight hesitation, she began to
speak.

a high-speed train/ferry

She collapsed in agony.

He didn't mean it - he said it in the heat

of the individual
Each moment. table is finished by
hand.
The accident was the inevitable
consequence/result/outcome of
carelessness.

We see each other at regular intervals -

usually about once a month.
The team's continued involvement in
the competition is uncertain.

a career in journalism
a last-gasp attempt

He used to be a lead singer in a band.

It's hard work teaching a class of lively
children.

His eyes locked on mine.

Her long-held ambition is to go into
space.
There were some loose wires hanging
out of the wall.
This is the director's first mainstream
Hollywood film.
Exercise can make a big difference to
your state of health.

Mankind has always been obsessed by

power.

a football/cricket/tennis match

a memorable performance
They looked at the blood samples
under the microscope.

90
In the next game they will face the
mighty Redskins.
IIfmisjudged how far
the ball touches I had
the net to throwa the
during
ball.
service in a game of tennis, you have
to serve again.

a non-stop flight
There are serious problems in our
country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a
good time to return.

That old car isn't worth a dime now.

Violence of some sort seems to occur
in every society.

I really didn't mean (to cause/give) any

offence - I was just stating my opinion.

On reflection, perhaps I should go.

The team was on the edge of success.

In the second game, her opponent hurt
her leg and had to retire.

a slow/fast pace

a victory parade
His attractiveness is partly due to his
self-confidence.

a football/hockey/cricket
Financial problems have pitch
been plaguing
their new business partners.
The plot was discovered before it was
carried out.
House prices have plummeted in
recent months.
They believe that the European
Community needs a common foreign
and security policy.
The region has enormous potential for
economic development.
What can European companies learn
from Japanese business practices?
psychological
The problems
central bank has pulled off one of
the biggest financial rescues of recent
years.
We took the children to a puppet
show/theatre.
Nigeria was the first team to qualify for
the World Cup.
Are you in the queue for tickets?

91
The region is renowned for its
outstanding natural beauty.
He beat his closest/nearest rival by 20
marks.

Many women sacrifice interesting

careers for their family.
Tennant scored (a goal) in the last
minute of the match.

The two leaders sealed their

agreement
I seized his with
arm aand
handshake.
made him turn to
look at me.

And that was a great shot by Marquez!

Two children answered the teacher's
question simultaneously.

The ball had just slipped past the

goalpost.

a holiday in South Africa

They won 4-0 in front of over 40 000
cheering spectators.

We value sportsmanship and fair play.

He was voted Sportsperson of the
Year.

This looks like a nice spot for a picnic.

Thousands of supporters have
travelled to London for the cup final.
The waiting crowd surged through the
shop doors.

That was a brilliant tackle.

These bomb attacks represent a
change of tactics by the terrorists.
He is in the vanguard of economic
reform.

a cricket/tennis umpire

military/school uniform
Each person's genetic code is unique
except in theher
She turned case
faceofupwards
identicalto
twins.
the
midday sun.
Without
The fuel, the
Redskins vehicles
opened thewill become
season by
useless afor
scoring moving supplies.
resounding / stunning /
impressive 25-3 victory against/over
Detroit.
The party was only just starting to
warm up as I left.

92
There'll be a prize for the winner.

a worldwide recession
I often prefer the ads on TV to the
actual programmes.
Teachers complain that more of their
time is taken up with administration
than with teaching.

an advanced English course

an advertising / employment / estate /

travel agency

What airline did you fly?

a letter of application

You
The look totally awesome
demonstrators walkedinalong
that dress.
the
street, waving banners and shouting
angrily.
This document will form the basis for
our discussion.
a giant billboard
Do you always buy the same brand of
coffee?
She brandished a saucepan at me so I
ran out of the kitchen.

They do an excellent cappuccino here.

Clearly, you do not want me to come.

a complex
I don't thinkmolecule/carbohydrate
she's consciously rude to
people - it's just her manner.
There has been a consistent
improvement
Have you got in her attitude.
a copy of last Saturday's
'Guardian', by to
You will need any chance?
include a covering
letter saying why you want the job.

Is your CV up to date?

a dedicated father/teacher
He has always shown great dedication
to the cause.
I certainly have no desire to have
children.

The two groups despise each other.

93
She's young and dynamic and will be a
great addition
List the to the
elements team.
which make up a
perfect dinner
Like a lot party.
of men, he finds it hard to
express his emotions.

The airline is taking steps to ensure

safety on its aircraft.

The office is quite bright and airy - it's a

pleasant working environment.

exotic flowers/food/designs

I eventually figured out the answer.

There is too much foam on this coffee.

Lorna graduated from the University of
London.
guerrilla marketing

an advertising hoarding

Hordes of students on bikes made

crossing the road difficult.

He's very humble about his success.

Ideally, I'd like to work at home but it's
just
Thesenotare
practical.
the running shoes favoured
by marathon runners.
She's very good at making friends and
influencing people.

What
I'd likean
to ingenious
introduce solution!
my younger son,
Mark.

intrusive questioning

He is very inventive, always dreaming

up new gadgets for the home.
She writes radio jingles and music for
TV commercials.

a leather coat/belt/handbag
I've been asked to limit my speech to
ten minutes maximum.

a corporate logo

94
The right clothes can make an impact.
a career
Our staff in marketing
are hard working and highly
motivated.
The UN has sent a multinational
peace-keeping force.

a gold/silver/pearl necklace

niche advertising
That's a new dress, isn't it?' 'Yes, you
are observant!'
the origin of the species
The gunmen opened fire, killing a
policeman
If you don'tand
payaattention
passer-by.
now, you'll get
it all wrong later.
She had plastered her bedroom walls
with photos of pop stars.
Can we go back to the question that
Helena posed earlier?

The company's putting out a lot of PR

about the new product line.

The speaker gave an interesting

presentation on urban
France produces transport.
a great deal of wine
for
Sheexport.
writes reasonably good children's
books.
The references are at the back of the
book.
The statistics reflect a change in
people's spending habits.
You will find this work relatively easy.
Have you ever visited the Coloseum in
Rome?
He advertised his availability for work
using a sandwich board.

Do you like seafood?

The children always enjoy collecting
stones and seashells.
Clay can be moulded into almost any
shape.

a striped/white
The sex scenesshirt
in the book were
considered very shocking at the time
when it was published.

Ruth had/possessed great writing

skills.

95
Black slaveskeeps
She always used to
mework
up toondate
the with
cotton plantations of the southern
the latest gossip - you know, so-and-so
United States.
from down the road is having a baby
and
The so-and-so's just him
news will upset bought
- weamust
car.
think of a way to soften the blow (make
the news less unpleasant) for him.
All their products are responsibly
sourced.
Of the ten starters (horses which
started in the race), two fell at the first
fence.
a clothing/liquor store

A dove usually symbolises peace.

The target audience for the TV series
are
We young
usuallypeople aged 13 to to
ask interviewees 18.
perform
a
I've never really cared much for flashjust
few simple tasks on the computer
to
new test their
cars aptitude.
- old vintage cars are more to
my taste.
We have developed a new technique
for detecting errors in the
manufacturing process.
Technically, a horse which is smaller
than 1.5 metres at the shoulder is
termed a pony.

Thankfully, nobody was hurt.

the local/national media

To what extent do you think he's aware

of the problem?
We had an excellent tour guide to show
us around.
an unpleasant
There are widesurprise
variations in the way
pensioners have benefited from the
system.

Salary scales vary between states/from

state to state/according to state/with
each state.
He doesn't trust her, and vice versa
she
You also doesn't
should wear trust him. light-
something
coloured when you're cycling at night
so that you're more visible.

visual stimulus/impact/abilities
If you are willing to fly at night, you can
get a much cheaper ticket.
We Olympic
An had to abandon the car.
silver medal is a
remarkable achievement for one so
young.
The alarm is activated by the lightest
pressure.

96
They've adopted a baby girl.

He had a deep affection for his aunt.

I didn't want to agitate her by telling
her.

None of the air conditioners worked.

a
Anburglar/car/fire/smoke
anonymous letter alertedalarmpolice to
the possibility of a terrorist attack at the
airport.

We've had to alter some of our plans.

She is studying the habitats of
amphibians.
People tend to make assumptions
about you when you have a disability.
He attempted to escape through a
window.
Let's sit incompletely
She was the backyard.
baffled by his
strange behaviour.
Bats were roosting in the trees
overhead.

Is the old bird bath still in the garden?

Lambs bleated
Frightened for car
by the their mothers.
horn, the horse
bolted.
These animals always return to the
same breeding ground.

Bulldogs can make good pets.

a catchy tune
The gates were locked with a padlock
and
She adrove
heavy
thesteel
car chain.
round the block to
charge (up) its batteries.

That chihuahua goes everywhere with

her!

The waves were getting choppy.

IMy
couldn't find says
boyfriend the right classroom.
They've copied theI'd enjoy
basic a walking
design from
holiday, but I'mmodel
the Japanese not convinced.
and added a few
of their own refinements.

97
She curled up on the couch and went
to sleep.
They showed great courage when they
found
Pleaseout about
credit metheir
withbaby's
some disability.
intelligence!
The sound of frogs croaking kept me
awake.

We were woken at dawn by a cock

crowing repeatedly.

She curled up on the sofa to watch TV.

the life cycle of a moth

Danger! Keep out!

It's debatable whether a university
degree helps at all.
Some sounds cannot be detected by
the human
Dilute ear. (with water) before you
the juice
drink it.

Where can
Although wesaid
they put the diningshe
nothing, table?
could
sense their disapproval of her
suggestion.
She was deeply distressed by the
news of his death.

The body was found in a ditch.

Don't keep her on the doorstep, Jamie,

invite her in.

I thought I felt a drop of rain.

Loud music drowned out the

conversation.
Dogs can act as an early-warning
system.

The facts behind the scandal are sure

to emerge eventually.

He drove erratically down the road.

Government sources estimate a long-
termevacuation
The 50% increase in rail fares.
of civilians remains out
of the question while the fighting
continues.

98
an
Weexceptional
will stay in astudent
farmhouse this
holiday.

They're fishing for tuna.

Flags of all the participating countries

are flying outside the stadium.

a flock
The of flamingoes
president was flanked by senior
ministers.

She fled (from) the room in tears.

In the fading light we saw bats flitting

around/about in the
You'll soon learn howgarden.
the office
functions.
Please, stop fussing - the food's
cooking and there's nothing more to do
until the guests arrive.

Oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen are all

gases.

We have a golden retriever and a cat.

The pigs were grunting contentedly as
they ate their food.
Heaven knows
The airline wherecriticised
has been she has for
gone.
failing to heed advice/warnings about
lack of safety routines.

heightened emotions

high-heeled
He's droppedshoes
given several hints to the
boss that he'll quit if he doesn't get a
promotion.
Why do snakes
She hummed to hiss?
herself as she walked
to school.

We bought
Some of theayounger
humidifier
popforbands
the office.
try to
imitate their musical heroes from the
past.

imminent disaster/danger
Who will be in charge of the
department when Sophie leaves?

99
On a clear day you can see the temple
in the pilots
Their distance.
are guided by an infrared
optical system that shows images
clearly
It was aneven at night.book, full of
interesting
fascinating insights into human
relationships.
All his instincts told him to stay near the
car
Theyand waitanforadorable
have help. itty-bitty little
dog.

Kestrels arekicked
His parents excellent
himhunters.
out and he had
nowhere to go.

She roared with laughter .

He licked the chocolate off his fingers.

a loving relationship
People living in low-lying areas were
evacuated because of the floods.

the lunar surface

He suddenly lunged at her with a

broken bottle.

a magnificent view
The male of the species is less
aggressive.

How willhas
He only youto
manage?
look at her, and she
melts.

We're moving house next week.

The narrator's identity is never
revealed.
Can such a natural disaster ever be
predicted?
The children were giggling and nudging
each other.

He lives in a nursing home now.

The opening
He might haveof told
the you
novel
heiswas
amazing.
a
qualified electrician, but the truth is
quite otherwise.

Are you the owner of this car?

an Amazonian
Dust parrothave got into the
particles must
motor.

peanut oil

100
Three hundred people perished in the
earthquake.
They find the company's attitude
perplexing and unreasonable.
Gravity is a natural phenomenon.
a fashion/press/amateur photographer

It's still not possible to accurately

predict the occurrence of earthquakes.
The previous owner of the house had
built an extension on the back.

A hawk hovered in the air before

swooping on its prey.

psychic powers
She studied psychology at Harvard.
She has a punishing schedule of five
presentations a day.

Here, puss.

a major quake
We lashed together anything that
would float to make a raft.
The explosion rattled the cups on the
table.

How can we reach an agreement?

He loves all reptiles.

The company has a worldwide
reputation for quality.

a tourist resort
I have great/the greatest respect for his
ideas, although I don't agree with them.

He's a restless type - he never stays in

one country for long.
The earthquake in Mexico City
registered 7.1 on the Richter scale.
We could hear the lions roaring at the
other end of the zoo.
She felt sick after she had been on the
roller coaster.
The police are coming! We'd better
scarper.

101
'Are you actively seeking jobs?' she
asked.
seismic activity/waves
Although she said nothing, I could
sense her anger

After
Good,they gotallmarried,
that's settled -they
yousettled in
send out
Brighton.
the invitations for the party, and I'll
organise the food.

slim hips/legs

Shecurled
We watched up the snake
in bed, all slither
snug andaway.
warm, and listened to the storm
outside.
It isn't yet clear how destructive this so-
called
The 'super
kids werevirus' is.
splashing
(about/around) in the shallow end of
the swimming pool.

His mother
Twenty comes
million from
people Sri starvation
face Lanka.
unless a vast emergency aid
programme is launched.
She admitted stealing the money from
her employers.

an
Sheoriginal
had thestoryline
strength and stamina to
take the lead and win the gold medal.
The weather was terrible.
A fish bone got stuck in my throat.
Toads have dryer, lumpier skins than
frogs and spend less time in the water.

I remember when you were just a

toddler!

The tornado
Tributes havedestroyed their in
been pouring house.
from all
over the world for the famous actor
who died
What's theyesterday.
trick of getting this chair to
fold up?
We could hear the elephants
trumpeting in the
A tsunami has distance.a long
devastated
stretch of coast.

shoals of tuna
These sunglasses block ultraviolet
light.

an uncanny resemblance

102
Nothing is ever decided, and all the
uncertainty is very bad for staff morale.
The ownership of the painting remains
unclear.
I feel a bit uneasy about asking her to
do me such a big favour.
Children tend to get unsettled if you
keep on changing their routine.
Turn the jar upside down and shake it.

The farmer called the vet out to treat a

sick cow. without warning he turned
Completely
up on my doorstep with all four
children!

He used to be a zoo keeper.

It wasn't my fault.' 'Don't worry, I'm not
accusing you.'

He acquired the firm in 1978.

Some types of dog are bred for
aggression.

After the accident he suffered periods

of amnesia.

an amused smile

a middle-aged man of smart

appearance

He remained a bachelor until he was

well into his 40s.
J K Rowling's 'Harry Potter' novels are
all
Thisbestsellers.
was the first in a series of
betrayals.
He wrote a biography of Winston
Churchill.

Enclose your birth certificate.

We went for a canoe trip around the
bay.
The train was derailed but there were
no casualties, police said.
The bomb killed four soldiers and three
civilians.
Dave couldn't find his passport at the
Do youand
airport think it's there
then a coded message?
were further
complications when Fiona lost her
baggage.
Come on, concentrate! We haven't got
all day to do this.

103
He's still conscious but he's fairly badly
injured.
In tonight's quiz, our contestants have
come from all over the country.
He was crushed by the news of the
accident.

A death certificate was issued

yesterday.

The story is about theft, fraud and

deceit on an incredible scale.
The company deceived customers by
selling old computers as new ones.
Everyone should be entitled to a
decent wage/standard of living.
He was found guilty of obtaining money
by deception.

How can we defend our homeland if

we don't have an army?

In this dictionary 'reality' is defined as

'the state of things as they are, rather
than as they are imagined to be'.
He was found guilty of defrauding the
Internal Revenue Service.
parental/military/school discipline

official/confidential/legal documents

Can number
The I drop you off at the station?
of employees in the
company has trebled over the past
decade.
The enemy had succeeded in stopping
our supplies from getting through.

an energetic young woman

military/industrial espionage
I've always wanted to be an estate
agent.
They were accused of trying to
smuggle
She was explosives.
suffering from fatigue and a
stress-related illness.

You fool, you've missed your chance!

In the electronics industry, for instance,
5000 jobs are being lost.

I really have to force myself to be

pleasant to him.

104
a forged document
credit cardfully
Have you fraudrecovered from your
illness?

a pension/trust fund

grieving relatives
I always buy the same brand of
toothpaste just out of habit.

During the siege people began

hoarding food and supplies.
Initially, most people approved of the
new scheme.
An inquest is always held if murder is
suspected.
a judicial inquiry

life/health/car/travel insurance

We intend to go to Australia next year.

international politics
I didn't realise your husband was here,
Dr Jones - I hope I'm not intruding.
Concentrations of troops near the
border look set to invade within the
next few days.

The new job will provide you with

invaluable experience.
So far, he seems to be handling the job
well, but it's really
The invention toosilicon
of the soon chip
to judge.
was a
landmark in the history of the
computer.

The scheme
Officials werewas launched
accused a year ago.
of laundering
the stolen funds overseas before
returning them to the US.

She has
They a slight
were takenlimp.
prisoner while on a
reconnaissance mission behind enemy
lines.

He had been living rough for months.

I admired his marksmanship.

What further measures can we take to
avoid terrorism?

105
His physical and mental health had got
worse.

The plane crashed mere minutes after

take-off.
He has admitted misleading the police
about his movements on the night of
the murder.
The mountain villages seem to be
permanently shrouded in mist.

I really prepared for the interview

because
ISome I didn't
beganoftothe
muse want to muck
about/on the it up.
neighbours have
possibility
complained ofabout
starting
themy ownfrom
noise business.
our
party.
Government funding of alternative
health care is virtually non-existent.

to obtain permission
I feel bad that I didn't offer them any
food/offer any food to them.

an ordinary neighbourhood
Does he think he can outsmart me?

I owe Janet ten pounds.

palliative care

a parachute jump

They have a close partnership.

peace talks/proposals
They find it hard to live on their state
pension.
The jury has to decide whether a
person is guilty or innocent of a crime.
She was overawed by the presence of
so many people.

to preserve the environment

We're primarily concerned with keeping

expenditure down.

More prison officers are needed.

106
He was probably the most prolific
songwriter of his generation.
He owns a number of properties in the
centre of London.

His plea of guilty to manslaughter was

not accepted by the prosecution.

She writes under a pseudonym.

Public figures have to get used to
being followed by the press.
Many people who go into politics are
educated at public schools.
The army's married quarters are just
outside the town.
Could you direct me to the railway
station, please?
a cattle ranch
In real life the star of the film is a
devoted husband and father.

Charities such as Oxfam are always

trying to recruit volunteers to help in
their work.

It was such a relief to hear that Marta

was found safe and well.

The rescue operation was successful.

The soldiers resisted (the enemy

attacks) for two days.

the French Resistance

I deeply respect David for what he has

achieved.

Since retiring from the company, she

has done voluntary work for a charity.
Many teachers over the age of 50 are
taking
For early
your retirement.
(comfort and) safety, we
recommend you keep your seat belt
loosely fastened during the flight.

You can make huge savings by buying

food in bulk.
She's reading a story about a secret
agent.
The station was closed for two hours
because of a security alert.

107
They live in a semi-detached house.

The signpost said 'London 18 miles'.

Write your signature here.

solitary walks by the river

a sombre atmosphere/voice/face

Are you a spy?

Our warranty clearly states the limits of
our liability.
The President is facing the sternest
test of his authority since he came to
power five years ago.
He has a long, straggly grey beard.
The fire burned for eight hours before
the fire crews could subdue it.
The room was painted a subtle shade
of pink.
The Democrats suffered a crushing
defeat in therather
They would last election.
die than surrender
(to the invaders).

She has been taken in for questioning.

diplomatic negotiations
Spain was the first foreign country she
had visited.

I told him I'd guessed he'd been lying

to me and
A post thewas
office game was into
broken up. last night,
and the thieves got away with £120
000.

Thank you for phoning when I was ill -

it was very thoughtful of you.
threatening behaviour
The police will track them down, never
fear.
The reorganisation will transform the
British
We entertainment
apologise industry.
for the interruption to our
Radio Seven transmits on 201 medium
transmissions
wave uses those thisparticular
afternoon.radio waves
to broadcast on.

a peace treaty
He is clearly a very troubled man.
Unbeknown to me, she had a twin
sister.

108
As talks between the leaders broke
down, several months of careful
diplomacy
There was were an airunravelled.
of unreality about the
visit, as if I'd stepped into another world
for two weeks.
an unremarkable town
The killer lured his unsuspecting
victims back to his apartment.
What an utterly stupid thing to do!

The jury reached/returned a

unanimous verdict of (not) guilty.
A strong opposition is vital to a healthy
democracy.
The body had washed up on the
beach.

a web of deceit

They have both travelled widely.

How long have you been a widow?

a beautiful mountain wilderness

a woolly hat/jumper
The weather has turned a touch too
cold for my liking.
'ITV' is the abbreviation for
'Independent Television'.

a man of absolute integrity/discretion

The course books are accompanied by

four CDs.

Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of

Wellington at the battle of Waterloo.

a plot to assassinate the Queen

These flowers are brightly coloured in
order to attract butterflies.
He bartered his stamp collection for her
comics.
Use bullet points to organise your
essay.

a caravan holiday

Imagine you're a castaway!

109
Our high living standards cause our
present population to consume 25
percent of the world's oil.
The new telephone rates will affect all
consumers including businesses.
elegant decor
What degree did you do at York?'
'Geography.'
Could you survive on a desert island?

a mood/sense of despair
Many people are very concerned about
the
Candestruction
you produceof athe rainforests.
report detailing
what we've spent on the project so far?

He's become a disillusioned man.

a holiday in the Dominican Republic

The electricity has been turned off.
Computerisation should enable us to
cut production costs by half.

It's going to cost $4 million to equip the

hospital.

ethical
They'reand
goinglegal
on issues
an extended holiday
to Australia.

It was a real eye-opener.

Did you learn any first aid at school?

Much reading matter is available for
free.
The children had been living on the
streets, foraging for scraps and
sleeping rough.

For the first time in months she could

move freely.

My
His cold seems
greatest to be getting
ambition worse.
is to sail round
the globe.
He's decided to leave the band and go
it alone as a singer.
I can't face the hassle of moving house
again.

He
Thewas
newsborn in Hawaii.
of his death was splashed in
headlines across all the newspapers.

110
A large house like this must be
expensive to heat.

Welcome
In to our
the phrase humble
'Leave himhome.
alone!', the
verb 'leave' is an imperative/is in the
imperative.
Come indoors, it's cold outside.
The interior walls have patches of
damp on them.

This sentence is printed in italics.

They were filled with joy when their first
child was born.
She was a key figure in the
international art world.
They went shopping to get kitted out
for the trip.

I've got to do wash my laundry.

'The mind is an ocean' and 'the city is a
jungle' are both metaphors.
They walked in a northerly direction
across the desert.
He said he hadn't the faintest idea
where it was.

a Brazil/cashew nut
Winners of the competition will win a
holiday of a lifetime.

organic food/fruit/farms/farmers

I am overwhelmed by your generosity.

Where have you parked?
Her work means that she spends long
periods away from home.

If the pain persists, consult a doctor.

The Red Cross's primary concern is to
preserve and protect human life.
Coke is used in the production of steel.
He's welcome to come along, provided
that he behaves himself.

recreational
Any decreaseactivities/facilities/interests
in tourism could have
serious repercussions for the local
economy.

repetition, that tedious rhetorical device

111
You'll need to build a basic rocket
stove.
The walk is a round trip.
The flood has left villagers and animals
desperately
The seeds ofscavenging for food.
friendship were sown
early, and they remained lifelong
companions.

the first/second semester

During the war many couples had to
endure long periods
The parliamentary of separation.
session is due to
end on May 27th.

Will you share your sandwich with me?

You can walk for miles along the shore.

a bathroom/kitchen sink

solar radiation

a solo performance/flight
Within an hour of the ship transmitting
an SOS (message/call), six boats had
arrived and started a rescue operation.

a source of heat/energy/light

Sow the seeds in pots.

a rice steamer
I stumbled across a letter from him on
my desk.
We bought our niece an annual
subscription to the tennis
You can substitute club. in this
oil for butter
recipe.
Canher
It's youfeeling
read the
thatsubtitles?
the recent
outbreaks of violence are a symptom of
the dissatisfaction that is currently
affecting our society.
The theme of loss runs through most of
his novels.

throwaway cups and plates

Could you tie this piece of string for
me?
A free low-interest credit card can be a
useful budgeting tool.

112
He wasfour
Of the unaware
millionthat the police
people who havewere
watching him.
become vegetarians in Britain, nearly
two-thirds are women.
Do
Theyou use
flight video-conferencing?
attendant welcomed us
aboard.
He's very actively involved in (does a
lot of work for) the local Labour Party.

These arguments always get my

adrenaline going.
I think I'd advise him to leave the
company.
Men tend to be more aggressive than
women.
The insurers will need to assess the
flood
Thesedamage.
problems might not be solved by
money alone, but they will assuredly
not be solved without it.
a bitter-tasting drink

a
Weblank
oncesheet of paper
got stuck in a blizzard for six
hours.

I took a walk around the block.

She's avoiding caffeine.

I'm catering for twelve on Sunday, all
the family are coming.

I'm just chilling out in front of the TV.

My hands felt all clammy.
Bring your baby to the clinic and we'll
take a look at her.
The dog has been her constant
companion these past ten years.
How are you coping with the stress?

The grass
There's no isway
stillI damp.
can meet that
deadline.
They are desperate for help.

She walked out in disgust.

I tried to dissuade her from leaving.

The river had completely dried up.

113
We were encouraged to learn foreign
languages at school.

I see her every now and again.

Darwin's theory of evolution

Cut off any excess pastry and put it to
one side.
She was polite but not excessively so.

She felt ill with/from exhaustion.

the external walls of the house

He told the extraordinary story of his

escape.
She spent hours fine tuning her
speech.
a finely-tuned engine

They lost all their possessions during

their flight from
Donations the invading
are flooding army.
into the appeal
office.

a flu virus

She's got a high forehead.

The government forestalled criticism by
holding a public enquiry into the matter.

How do you spend your free time?

a frequent visitor to the US
I'll deal with this problem in the morning
when I'm fresh.

genuine leather

economic hardship
The president hastened to reassure his
people that he was in perfect health.
They hauled the boat out of the water.
His mother was Italian, hence his name
- Luca.

male and female hormones

114
The changes to the national health
system willofbe
That look implemented
grief next year.
would be imprinted
on her mind forever.
There are few indications (that) the
economy is on an upswing.

They induced her to take the job by

promising editorial freedom.
Their arguments
Holly suffered inevitably
from insomniaend
forin tears.
months after her daughter was born.

an instinctive reaction

intense cold/heat/hatred
The Yanomami people live in the South
American jungle.
It takes half an hour for the tablets to
kick in.

a fish/butter/steak knife
He laboured up the hill with his heavy
load.

some leftover curry from last night's

meal

life-threatening diseases such as

cancer

a lobster fisherman

Lobster pots were

Many parents piled
feel a up in
sense of the
lossboat.
when their children leave home.

What are you doing at lunchtime?

I was mildly surprised to see him here.

He quit his job out of the blue.

At theainterview
After sheyou
heart attack outlined
havewhat
to beI
would
carefulbe
notdoing.
to overdo it/things (= you
have
Peopleto today
work and livefrom
suffer calmly).
information
overload (= being given too much
information).

You must learn not to overreact to

criticism.

a state of panic

115
He started feeling paranoid and was
convinced his boss was going to fire
him.

I've got a phobia about/of worms.

physical
exercise/fitness/strength/disabilities

Stop picking
I could onheart
feel my me! pounding as I
went on stage to collect the prize.

Comets appear at predictable times.

She's the first female principal.

The management
Congress did not
has rejected theseem
latestto
consider office safety to be a priority.
Ieconomic proposal
propose that putuntil
we wait forward by the
the budget
president.
has been announced before
committing ourselves to any
expenditure.

Our latest machine can pump a

hundred gallons a minute.

He punched him in the stomach.

Her answers raised

doubts/fears/suspicions in my mind.
Let's be realistic (about this) - I just
can't afford to pay that much money.
I can recommend the chicken in
mushroom sauce - it's delicious.
a regular
customer/churchgoer/reader/user
Whenever I smell burning, I relive the
final momentsgreatest
The country's of the crash.
resource is the
dedication of its workers.
Responses to our advertisement have
been disappointing.

He picked up the baby and gently

rocked her to sleep.
There's no set/fixed routine at work -
every day is different.

a production schedule

This creature lives on the sea floor.

116
The
It wascompliments sheself-preservation
his instinct for received after the
presentation boosted her
that led him to abandon his self-esteem.
former
friends and transfer his allegiance to
the new
I don't rulers.
think he has any notion of the
seriousness of the situation.
When she gave (them) the signal, they
all cheered.

Take a warm sleeping-bag with you.

All night long fireworks soared into the
sky.
He was travelling at a speed of 90
mph.

The players have a very strong team

spirit.
Traditional ways of life fulfilled both
economic and spiritual needs.

IThe
spatfire
outspread
the foul-tasting liquid.
very rapidly because of
the strong wind.
Try to stand up straight.
Ben Kingsley starred in the film
'Gandhi'.

How can stomach

He can't you stickthe
thatidea
job?that Peter
might be the next chairman.

Exercise is a good stress-buster.

She's feeling really stressed out.

a stressful day/job
The Democrats suffered a crushing
defeat in the lastsurge
An unexpected election.
in electrical
power caused the computer to crash.

I don't know anything about what

happened, I swear (it).

The dancers were dripping with/pouring

with sweat after a morning's rehearsal.

The local police took swift action

against the squatters.
Preheat the oven to a temperature of
200 degrees Celsius.

117
His tendency to exaggerate is well
known.
She carried out her threat to throw
away any clothes that were left on the
floor.
A greenhouse stays warm because the
glass traps the heat of the sun.

my unconscious desire to impress him

a fruit and veg stall

It's important to be vigilant when
walking at night.
Simple repetitive tasks can be very
wearisome.
The lorry has a special winch for lifting
cars.

a drama/poetry/training workshop
The only access to the village is by
boat.
I admired him for his determination.

She had her appendix out (medically

removed) last summer.

Let's go to an art gallery.

clothes made of artificial fibres

She's training to be a ballerina.

We're learning ballroom dancing.

the biological sciences

an animal rights campaigner

Old cardboard boxes can be recycled.

a chiffon blouse

a silicon chip
It took several hours to clear the road
after the accident.
Strawberries and cream complement
each other perfectly.

118
You can't work continuously for six
hours without a break!
I like the contrast of the white trousers
with the black jacket.

contrasting colours/flavours
Our host was wearing a clown
costume.
Too many rules might deaden
creativity.

a critical report

The designs for the new mosque have

attracted widespread criticism.

a
Hecourse
seemedin cybernetics
a bit depressed about his
work situation.

He was desperately ill.

She loves dj-ing at parties.

My husband dresses the children while
I make breakfast.
No one noticed that the boat had
begun to drift out to sea.

a driving ambition
He drowned in a boating accident.
If he's so awful, why don't you just
dump him?

I admit it was entirely my fault.

an experienced teacher
a fertile imagination
There was another flare-up of rioting
later that day.
physical force
Are you feeling
We need frustrated
to make in your
fundamental
present job?
changes to the way in which we treat
our environment.

Did you put the car in the garage?

They are growing old gracefully.

119
a graphic design course
The government is trying to limit
population growth.

I'm going to change my hairdresser.

Our host for tonight's show is Terry
Wogan.
He gave her a hugely expensive
diamond ring.

the ideal employer

My younger son has a very vivid active

imagination.
Well, I have shown you how to do this
before, ' she said, unable to disguise
her
He'simpatience.
a good teacher, but inclined to be
a bit owner's
The impatient with and
name slowaddress
learners.is
stored on a microchip and implanted in
the dog's body.

We rarely disagree and are usually in

harmony.
Howhad
We canayou find timemeal
marvellous to read in the
at that
midst of a busy
restaurant day?
you recommended -
incidentally, I must give you the number
of a similar one I know.
Sarah seemed to have a profound
sense of inner peace.
He gave an inspirational reading of his
own poems.
She was an inspiring example to her
followers.
Her energy and intellect are respected
all over the world.
It would be irresponsible to ignore
these warnings.

a public/university library
The novel has a light-hearted approach
to life.

Is there a limit on the amount of money

you can claim?

I study martial arts.

Oil and water don't mix. Even if you
shake them together they separate into
two layers.

120
a modality of communication
Do you feel/get nervous during exams?
one of Britain's most notorious
criminals
The path to success is fraught with
difficulties.
The photograph awakens poignant
memories of happier days.
I don't respond very positively to being
bossed around - it just makes me
angry.
Qualifications are important but
practical experience is always an
advantage.

a predominantly
the Muslim
principles of the community
criminal justice
system

a leather purse

She's always pushing the boundaries

of her research.
You'll need to rein in some of your
energy.

It is a remarkably noisy and crowded

city.
Revisit your five year career plan at
least every six months.
to revive someone's
hopes/confidence/fortunes
Sandra often wears a ribbon in her
hair.
This will be a severe test of our
strength.
The lines 'She walks in beauty, like the
night...' from Byron's poem contain a
simile.

Ambition spurred him on.

Foreign investment has been a
stimulus to the industry.
The fishermen set out at sunset for a
night's fishing.
One of the acrobats who walked the
tightrope at the circus did it blindfolded.
Some people find that certain foods
trigger their headaches.
I did a really tough aerobics class and
then went out for a meal and undid (all)
the good work!
He was able to provide the police with
some valuable information.

121
He saw himself as the victim of a
personal vendetta being waged by his
political enemies.
He always uses vibrant colours in his
paintings.

She was wearing a vivid pink shirt.

Try your best and with luck you'll

succeed.
Wow! Did you make that cake? It looks
delicious!
He's currently abroad on business.
He's been a trade union/party activist
for many years.
He has a collection of prehistoric
insects preserved in amber.

a career in the armed forces

leisure activities
The discovery of oil brought many
benefits to the
Do you play anytown.
other sports besides
football and basketball?
This sort of over-ambitious scheme is
bound to fail.
He's still looking for a buyer for his
house.

I can't wait to see you.

an astronomy observation laboratory in

Chile
I'm a bit concerned about/for your
health.

The book
As she leftisthe
in excellent
court, shecondition.
was
confronted by angry crowds who tried
to block her way.
Does flying contribute to global
warming?

a coral bracelet/necklace
Officials said that the reason for the
large number of delayed trains was the
bad weather conditions.

Reducing class sizes in schools is a

desirable
We arrivedaim.
at our destination tired and
hungry.

122
ebony piano keys

an elegant woman

You're not entitled to destroy things.

People are becoming far more aware
of environmental issues.

an epic journey/struggle
Pollution from exhaust fumes is
damaging the old buildings.
She gave a clear, factual account of
the attack.

What is your field of research?

Four-wheel drives can be a nuisance in
the city.
Ian is trying to get funding for his
research.
I suggest we use Barkers as our main
suppliers - they're good and
furthermore they're cheap.
The Nationalist Party have gained a lot
of support in the south of the country.

a discussion on global warming

Greek history/culture

a grotty little room

There's a shortage of cheap housing in
the region. investigations have
Exploratory
indicated large amounts of oil below
the sea bed.
It's their problem and I'm not going to
interfere.
Throughout history, people have been
intrigued by the question of whether
there is intelligent life elsewhere in the
universe.

We should land in Madrid at 7am.

a leafy lane/suburb
My dad gave me a lecture on the evils
of alcohol last night.
We enjoyed a leisurely picnic lunch on
the lawn.

Don't lose any sleep over him.

123
to live in luxury

a mother-of-pearl necklace

That bike is on its last legs!

I'm discovering a lot about French life
on the way.

Overpopulation is one of the country's

most pressing social problems.

We need to open up overseas markets.

What perfume are you wearing?

You'll need to include a profile with
your letter.
Hotel prices in the major cities are high
but
Thenot prohibitive.
appetite, says the proverb, grows
with eating.
Let's put our differences aside and
make a fresh start.
She donated a sizeable portion of her
riches to children's charities.

Do I look ridiculous in this hat?

My secretary will phone you to arrange
a meeting.
The judge told him: 'Your attitude
shows a selfish disregard for others.'

senior management

What sex is your cat?

She sighed deeply and sat down.

This tea is very hot, so sip it carefully.

Gemma's teacher says she's one of the
smartest kids in the class.
These jeans are designed specifically
for women.

Box Hill is a suburb of Melbourne.

suburban schools/housing

government taxation policy

124
We were unable to get funding and
therefore had to abandon the project.

the Department of Transport

Night flights from the airport are deeply
unpopular.
We had various problems on our
journey, including a puncture.
One certainly hopes to gain a little
wisdom as one grows older.

Unemployment, bad health - all sorts of

things can be a cause of worry.

natural/plain yogurt

What an absurd thing to say!

The resort is easily accessible by road,
rail and air.

An adult under British law is someone

over 18 years old.
The new building has little aesthetic
value.

nice clothes at affordable prices

appalling injuries

You've got nothing to be ashamed of.

Public awareness of the problem will
make politicians take it seriously.
It was a blessing that no one was killed
in the accident.
The lowering of interest rates will give a
much-needed
There boost
is a chart to the
on the economy.
classroom wall
showing the relative heights of all the
children.
A male chicken is called a cock and a
female chicken is called a hen.

She
She evidently
complaineddresses forhusband
that her comfort.
never paid her any compliments any
more.
The terrorist action has been
condemned as an act of barbarism and
cowardice.
He's got the confidence to walk into a
room of strangers and immediately
start a got
We've conversation.
two people called Paul
James working here, so it's a bit
confusing!

125
He's constantly changing his mind.
I find it very hard to dress my two-year-
old when
The film isshe refuses
about to cooperate.
a young police-officer
and his struggle to expose corruption in
the force.
They were offered a few cosmetic
improvements to their working
conditions, but nothing of significance.

a counselling service
She made her professional stage debut
in
ThatSwan
manLake.
has such an enormous ego -
I've never known anyone so full of
themselves!
I'd just like to emphasise how important
it is for people to learn foreign
languages.

an entertaining story/film
The adverts entice the customer into
buying things they don't really want.
I'm very envious of your new coat - it's
lovely.

heavy eyelids

facial hair

Have you had any feedback from

customers about the new soap?
I could see something just outside my
field of vision.

cosmetic fillers

Last year we got through to the final.

He works for a law firm called Neil and
Vigliano.
They couldn't fix my old computer, so I
bought a new one.
Leave me alone, ' she said with a
frown.

a publicity gimmick

Do you think I should go for the job?

He's very good-looking but not terribly

bright.

126
Thankfully no one was harmed in the
accident.
Peter might look a bit fierce, but
actually he's fairly harmless.

She's an excellent head teacher.

a hypothetical example/situation

dressed in an immaculate white suit

Gradually she began to notice one or
two little imperfections in his character.
He did a lot to improve conditions for
factory workers.have been very effective
Tax incentives
in encouraging people to save and
invest more of their income.
Average incomes have risen by 4.5%
over the past year.
Every individual has rights which must
never be taken away.
Indonesia is a very large archipelago.
The house is insured for two million
pounds.
He had always been very jealous of his
brother's good looks.

a science lab

I like the the layout of the house.

She looked at him from under half-
closed
Severallids.
important changes are
expected in the line-up for Thursday's
match against Scotland.
The children behaved so badly that I
lost
Do youmy temper.
have a supermarket loyalty
card?
One of the prizes was a makeover at a
top beauty salon.
The marketing directors are having a
meeting.
Morally, you're right, but in practice I
don't think it would work.

a naked man

a narrative poem

a nationwide network/chain of shops

127
If the growth gets any bigger they'll
have to operate.

Mike opted for early retirement.

It's too early to predict the outcome of
the meeting.
Smoking is likely to damage your
health permanently.
You will need permission from the
council to extend your garage.
Religious minorities were persecuted
and massacred during the ten-year
regime.
It was plain stupidity on Richard's part.

a well-known plastic surgeon

Several of the crash victims had to
have extensive plastic surgery.
Elizabeth Quan is a London-based
practitioner of traditional Chinese
medicine.

The bunker's precise location is a

closely guarded secret.
Her preference is for comfortable rather
than stylish clothes.

Healthcare should be a right, not a

privilege.

The company has new procedures for

dealing with complaints.

a sales promotion

Shoplifters will be prosecuted.

an internet service provider

The brochure will be ready for
publication in September.
Pupils contract in bright light, and dilate
in darkness.

People are stillgovernment

The post-war looking for had
the quick
the fix.
enormous task of reconstructing the
city.
I left school at 16, but I've had a great
life and I have no regrets.
The men came to remove the rubbish
from the backyard.

128
I insured my property with an
established, reputable company.
The government was reluctant to
sanction intervention in the crisis.
Save your work on a memory stick.

a training/housing/play scheme

Her reply showed that she was very

sensitive to criticism.

My piano playing has improved

Shoplifters
significantlywill be prosecuted.
since I've had a new
teacher.
He said we should meet but didn't
specify a time.

a stunning
The dress
book discusses his illness and
subsequent resignation from the
government.
surgical supplies/instruments/gloves,
etc.
When you've finished reading your
book, and I've finished mine, shall we
swap?
The design of the house had a
The skullsymmetry,
pleasing at the bottom of the picture
its oblong shape is
symbolic of death.
being picked up in its elongated
windows.

What's your take on this?

They teamed up for a charity
performance.
Many forms of cosmetic surgery are
not available on paid for by the NHS.
I'm sorry I can't stop, time's really tight.
The record has been in the Top Ten for
three
IThe aweeks.
findminister
lot of modern
said shearchitecture
would give avery
ugly.
clear and unambiguous statement on
the future the
Originally of the coal industry
builders gave me atathe
price
earliest
of £2000, possible
but now opportunity.
they say they
underestimated and it's going to be at
least £3000.
She underwent an operation on a
tumour in her left lung last year.

an unfair system

129
For them, the house's main value lay in
its quiet country location.
The voucher is valid between July and
stunning
December visuals
and entitles you to 10% off
all overseas flights.

Our house is worth £200,000.

fine wrinkles around the eyes

Several people were wrongly
convicted.
Huge projects designed to aid poorer
countries can sometimes do more
harm than good.

an
Thearchaeological dig/excavation
museum's collection includes
artefacts dating back to prehistoric
times.
a very attractive young woman
I'll need to pack all my bits and pieces.

Shall I call round tomorrow?

a labour/prison/refugee camp

They witnessed the capture of the city

by rebel troops.

a cargo ship/plane
a 10p/ten pence coin

You chose exactly the same wallpaper

as us can't
They - what a coincidence!
publish your name without
your
It consent. to see all the fighting and
is important
bloodshed in his plays in historical
context.
All contributions (presents of money),
no matter how small, will be much
appreciated.

a conversational style of writing

As it was her first conviction for
stealing, she was given a less severe
sentence.

By ten o'clock the bar was crowded.

The data was/were collected by various
researchers.

130
We're linked to the on-line database at
our head office.

a low/high crime detection rate

Family photographs were displayed on
the wall.

She enjoys diving.

a dozen
It was hereggs
natural elegance that struck
me.
An example of ellipsis is 'What
percentage was left?' 'Twenty' ( = 20
per cent.)

The end result was positive.

Excavation on the site is likely to
continue for several years.
The museum has a fascinating
collection of exhibits ranging from Iron
Age pottery to Inuit clothing.

Long hair is back in fashion for men.

a fashionable nightclub/restaurant

His fingerprints were all over the gun.

a well-known geographer

We knew there was gold as the floor

was covered in gold dust.

Can I help you out with some money?

These monuments are a vital part of
the
Manycultural heritage
important of South
historical America.
documents
were destroyed when the library was
bombed.

It will be difficult to house all the

refugees.

a huge
John iceberg
Lennon gained iconic status
following his death.

a bottle of ink

an aerobics instructor

a first-aid/tool kit

131
Don't leave out any important
information.
industrial/farm machinery
The Maoris arrived in New Zealand
from Polynesia over 1,000 years before
the Europeans.
The oil slick seriously threatens marine
life around the islands.
The band's songs have always been
marked by controversial lyrics.

a medieval building/painting/town
You have to apply for membership of
the sports club.

He's training to be a meteorologist.

Have you ever visited New Zealand?

I've put the list of players up on the

noticeboard.

a novel idea

The role of scientists is to observe and

describe the world, not to try to control
it.
Gas lamps became obsolete when
electric lighting was invented.

Throw away any out-of-date packets.

outdated weapons/ideas

a royal/presidential palace

frozen/dried peas
The pipeline will be built beneath our
house.
The march will be heavily policed by an
anti-riot unit.

a
Hisprisoner of war
letter was camp without
completely
punctuation.
It was pure coincidence/chance that we
met.
Police found a large/small quantity of
drugs in his possession.
We recorded their wedding on video.

a regional accent/dialect/newspaper

132
voter registration
If he forgot to pay his rent, his landlady
would sendIhim
Every year a reminder.
renew my membership of
the sports club.
He renovates old houses and sells
them
Couldatyou
a profit.
rephrase your question,
please?

Doctors have restored his sight.

Penicillin
Her ideaswas a revolutionary
revolutionised drug.
nursing
practice.
I ring home once a week to tell my
parents I'm okay.
a grain of sand
The danger of shipwreck is much
greater in fog.

As you grow older, your spine shortens

by about
The Titanicanwas
inch.a passenger ship
which sank (to the bottom of the
ocean) in 1912.
We found an old sheep skeleton up on
the cliffs.

an old steamship

a parcel tied with string

The submarine submerged when
enemy planes were sighted.

Tropical rain forests used to cover 10%

of the Earth's surface.

Hard work a
We buried is family
the key to success.
time capsule in the
garden.
In Los Angeles many companies
Do you cook
encourage theemployees
their tomatoes first?
to use
alternative means of transportation,
rather than the car.
The investigation uncovered evidence
She plays the ukulele.
of a large-scale illegal trade in wild
birds.

an underwater camera (a camera that

you can use under water)
We watched a ship unloading (sacks of
flour).
I found a lot of the violence in the film
totally unnecessary.
He was unusually polite.

133
Great trouble is taken to keep our
database up-to-date.

It's an update of an old 60s movie.

We'll update you on this news story
throughout the day.

a cargo / fishing / naval / patrol / sailing

/ supply vessel

a Victorian terraced house

virtual shopping

a lethal weapon

bad/good/cold/dry/hot/stormy/warm/
wet/etc.
It was a weather
pretty town with a picturesque
harbour and well-preserved buildings.

Canary Wharf the wreck managed to

Divers exploring
salvage some coins and jewellery.
Nothing could stop the advance of the
flood waters.
They are protesting against animal
testing.
Prince
The firstCharles
verb incondemned
each of the the
following
assertively modernist style
sentences is an auxiliary - Iofwould love
architecture.
a drink, When did you arrive?, She has
finished her book.

Bali is a popular tourist destination.

a
She banbeamed
on smoking
with delight/pleasure at
his remarks.
If you'll just bear with me for a moment,
I'll find you a copy of the drawings.

Bizarrely,
He's not myI'veboyfriend
never met him. just good
- we're
friends!
I have to go for a brain scan.
He cautiously opened the box.

This part of the cerebral cortex is

responsible for language.
To keep the helmet in position, fasten
the strap beneath the chin.

Some of her cognitive functions have

been impaired.

134
a 200-word composition
The smell of cigarette smoke confirmed
what he had suspected: there had
been a party in his absence.
If you can't control your dog, put it on a
lead!
a controversial issue / decision /
speech / figure

The smoke made me cough.

Try
Thenot to criticise
farmer her.
was accused of cruelty to
animals.
The rebels' only form of defence
against the soldiers' guns was sticks
and stones.
The city's defenders were
outnumbered by the besieging army.

The plane departs at 6.00 a.m.

At the end of the lecture, I'd like all the
students to divide into small discussion
groups.

They attached electrodes to her skin.

Children learn to empathise at an early

age.

He's lacking
Poland in empathy.
reached the final of the
championship yesterday with an
emphatic 5-0 victory over Italy.

an exchange of ideas/information
About 800,000 children are exposed to
poisons every year.

a school with extensive grounds

These new laws will have far-reaching
benefits
Put your for all working
papers mothers.
down and stop
fiddling!
This part of the brain fires when
stimulated.
We are firmly committed to reducing
unemployment.
She sat with her legs folded under her.
The illness is believed to be caused by
a defective gene.

He lifted the baby gently out of its cot.

135
Ten-year-olds have started wearing
lipstick and make-up in imitation of the
older girls. behaviour was wholly
His casual
inappropriate for such a formal
occasion.

a newborn infant
Have you read the introduction to the
third edition?
Her
She account
suggested of the case wasthat
half-jokingly an they
inversion of the facts.
should sell the family car and all buy
bikes instead.

Let's get a kebab.

We need to promote law and order.

The hardest part of the competition still

lies ahead of us.
The explosions are not thought to be
linked in any way.

Mercury is a liquid at room

temperature.
They study brain activity using
magnetic resonance imaging.

I don't eat meat.

The company has a 20% share in the

market
She wasforaccused
mini or micro cars. company
of misusing
funds.

He experiences severe mood swings.

wild/cultivated mushrooms

Stop biting your nails!

a nasty shock/surprise

the optic nerve

motor neuron disease

a successful neuroscientist

136
You must not on any account let them
in.
Inside the room there was the
unmistakable odour of sweaty feet.

a willing participant

a petrol tank/pump/station

unexplained phenomena

a physiological process

Would you like some more wine?' 'No

thanks, I've had plenty.'

The brain processes language in a

particular way.

We'd worked together for years and

developed a close/good rapport.

Rats carry disease.

I've worked hard all my life and now I
want to reap the benefits.
to refute
When shea was asked if she had any
person/theory/argument/claim
ambition to become prime minister, she
respectfully declined to answer the
question.

His enthusiasm is starting to rub off on

the rest of us.
She anxiously scanned the faces of the
men leaving the train.

We imagined all sorts of possible

scenarios.
The meeting has been scheduled for
tomorrow afternoon.
We will shortly be arriving in King's
Cross Station.
There has been a significant increase
in the number of women students in
recent years.

Sometimes my husband snores so

loudly, it keeps me awake at night.

a staunch friend and ally

Stroke the dog if you like, it won't bite.

137
This door seems to be stuck - can you
help me push it open?
a ray/beam/shaft/pool
It may be cheap to buyofbut
sunlight
you've got
to take into consideration the cost of
repairs.
He tilted his chair backwards and put
his feet up on his desk.
The dust always triggers off her
allergies.

She
She is undeniably
was undoubtedlygood atbest
the her job.
candidate.
The couple were unlucky enough to be
in the hotel when the terrorist group
struck.
It is unquestionably one of the best
known paintings of the century.
The two of them seem unable to
control their sexual urges.
The Ministry of Defence has the power
of veto over all British arms exports.

He must be about sixty, whereas his

wife looks about thirty.

a wide-ranging discussion
The stereo wasn't working because it
hadn't been wired up properly.

IShe
can't
is stop yawning
continually - I must
abusing be tired.
her
position/authority by getting other
people to do things for her.

My parents are both academics.

a
Hedrug/heroin addictof an adventurer,
was something
livinghad
She most of hisrelatives
invited life abroad.
from all
corners of the world to her 80th
birthday party.

All in all, I think you've done very well.

They announced the death of their
mother in the local paper.

an annual event/visit/holiday
He was arrested when customs officers
found drugs in his bag.

138
As far as I'm concerned I think you're
wrong.

It was love at first sight.

It's a small house but at least there's a

garden.
Over two hundred people attended the
funeral.
They drank a whole barrel of beer at
the party.

Our house is worth £200 000.

He hasn't even bothered to write.

War broke out in 1914.

She's a very bubbly character.

Two of the soldiers were killed and the
rest were captured.

central Europe/London
He came across some of his old love
letters in his wife's drawer.
It is hoped that a compromise will be
reached in today's talks.
She confessed to her husband that she
had sold her wedding ring.

Be a bit more confident in yourself!

There was a lot of conflict between him
and his father.

Conservationists are fighting to save

our hedgerows.
There was a big controversy
surrounding/over the use of drugs in
athletics.
The doctor said my leg should be
better in a couple of days.

Crikey, what big teeth you have.

Watch out for the crocs!

A crowd of about 15,000 attended the
concert.

a deadly virus

139
He managed to pay off his debts in two
years.

Have you definitely decided to go to

America?
The prime minister issued a denial of
the report that she is about to resign.

He has disassociated himself from the

rebel army.

I'm not some interfering do-gooder, you

know.
As a child he received most of his
education at home.

He's so egotistical, I can't stand it.

Children need lots of encouragement
from their parents.
We need to protect endangered
species such as the tiger.

He admitted that he'd made an error.

For homework I want you to write an

essay on endangered species.

Our apple tree fell down in the storm.

Let's not fall out over this!

legal fees
Our washing machine broke down
yesterday and flooded the kitchen.
I think Dave likes to be the focus of
attention.

Woody Allen's film 'Zelig' contains early

newsreel footage.

a picture
Wood, frame
coal, oil, petrol and gas are all
different kinds of fuel.

The funeral will be held next Friday.

Fights among rival gangs account for
most murders in the city.
a global catastrophe/problem

140
a glossy coffee-table book
It's not good for me but I keep going
back
Somefor more.go to great lengths to
people
make their homes attractive.
He made a rather half-hearted attempt
to clear up the rubbish.
Can you hand out these forms please?
I thought he handled the situation very
well.
A heavy gold necklace hung around
her neck.

You seem to have all the cares of the

world on your shoulders today.

Where are you going on your

honeymoon?

He was a household name in the

1950s.

Their accusations of corruption are

hypocritical - they have been just as
corrupt themselves.

polar
We mustice caps
make an immediate
response.
If he carries on like this he's in danger
of losing
The his job.
trousers shrank when I washed
them, but they weren't really big
enough in the first place.

in the name of progress

industrial output

an infectious
I wonder whatlaugh
it was about her
upbringing that made her so insecure.

She knew instinctively that he was

dangerous.
Looking after a baby at home all day is
nice but it doesn't provide much
intellectualalthough
Ironically, stimulation.
many items are now
cheaper to make, fewer people can
afford to buy them.

The office will be issuing permits on

Tuesday and Thursday mornings.

141
upper/lower jaw

She's such a bad judge of character.

They were very keen to start work as
soon as possible.

a religious leader

a leading expert on the country's

ecology
Demonstrators handed out leaflets to
passers-by.

I spent a week in Spain, lying around

on the beach.

a famous linguist

Have you got

He's made any mags
a name I can borrow?
for himself as a
talented journalist.
She's very ambitious but I doubt she'll
ever make it big.
Thousands of refugees are living in
makeshift camps.

She marched into my office demanding

to know why I hadn't written my report.

a gas mask
weapons
I'm in the of mass destruction
process of collecting material
for an article that I'm writing.
The temperature will reach a maximum
of 27°C today.
She seems to find it difficult to form
meaningful relationships.

The
I feelsnow usually melts
I've messed up myby mid March.
chances of
becoming a great singer.
My mission in life is to educate the rich
about the suffering of the poor.
The police moved in to stop the
protesters.

National parks help to preserve wildlife.

Attenborough is a very popular
naturalist.

We
If visitedanmany
there's naturebetween
argument parks. my
daughter and her mother, it's important
that I remain neutral.

142
He's been nominated by the Green
Party as their candidate in the next
election.
He achieved/gained notoriety for
murdering eleven women in the north
of
TheEngland.
whole relationship obsessed me
for years.

It's obvious (that) she doesn't like him.

the director's office

Were you aware of the speed you were

driving at, madam?' 'No, officer.'

They were openly contemptuous of my

suggestions.

the Leader of the Opposition

an illegal organisation
Originally
Robin Hood it was
wasaanbedroom, but we
outlaw who lived in
turned it into a study.
the forest and stole from the rich to
give to the poor.

a passionate speech
shortcrust/puff/filo/choux/flaky pastry

I signed a petition against the proposed

closure of the
The farmer local hospital
claimed today.
that he shot the
men because they were poaching on
his land.
The pest control officer put bowls of rat
poison in the attic.

poisonous chemicals

A number of potential buyers have

expressed interest in the company.

She presents the late-night news.

a pretentious art critic

The house has four bedrooms, so it's
pretty big.
Prime ministers are getting younger
these days.
He promised faithfully to call me every
week.

143
The prospect of increased prices has
already provoked an outcry.

a pushy salesman

Don't let money worries put you off.

We need to make some radical

changes to our operating procedures.
I bought this computer on John's
recommendation because John told
me that it was good.
He begged her to reconsider but she
would
Our not. for permission to travel
request
met with/received a flat/point-blank
complete refusal from the authorities.
He has a very good relationship with
his uncle.

The doctor ordered him to remain in

bed for a few days.

He had to sell his car to repay the bank

loan.
The company will have to lose jobs to
reshape the business.

Have you resolved the problem of

transport yet?
After the pubs close, gangs of youths
roam the city streets.
So you want to be a rock star?
Wearing seat belts has saved many
lives.

Our television has a 40-inch screen.

a self-obsessed teenager

Their affair caused a sensation.

What side of business do you want to
work in?

a smug grin
Rob's very sociable - he likes his
parties.
She split up with her boyfriend last
week.

144
The team is sponsored by JVC, so the
players wear the letters JVC on their
shirts.
The traffic was brought to a standstill
today.

a giant stingray

His parents were strict Catholics.

The dog had been struggling to get
free of the wire noose.
The success of almost any project
depends largely on its manager.
Whenever she goes out with her baby,
she always takes a large supply of
baby food with her.

I'll help to sweep up the broken glass

He suffers from back trouble too, so he
was very sympathetic about my
problem.

You always take things so seriously!

My mother never takes sides when my

brother and I argue.

Do you ever watch talent shows?

Beware of the tax man.

We had a chat in our tea break.

The hotel has a popular teen club.

They fled from the city in terror.

I've got two bright students, but the rest

are average.

How do you think up such good ideas?

Sylvia Pankhurst campaigned tirelessly
for votes for women.

To begot
He's honest, I really
pink walls anddon't care.carpet,
a green
which to my mind looks all wrong.

I've
The got
playterrible
will betoothache.
performed first in
London, and will then tour the rest of
the country.

145
a meeting at the town hall
There's no instant way of finding a cure
- it's just a process of trial and error.
Those bird models are quite tricky to
make, aren't they?
Bob
I wastriumphantly
worried thatannounced his
I would be regarded
promotion.
as a troublemaker if I complained
about the safety standards.

Tuition fees have risen sharply.

As events turned out, we were right to

have decided to leave early.

unreasonable demands

a delivery van

She does a variety of fitness activities.

vegetarian cooking/food
Do you have
It seems that any views about/on
the attack was a what
we should do now?
gratuitous/random/mindless act of
violence.
Have you done any voluntary work?

I'll sitwere
We in the waiting
warned room.
not to eat the fish
which might give us a slight stomach
upset.
What price victory when so many
people have died in the struggle?
a witty comment/remark
Can I give you a word of warning?
Don't worry about anything - it'll all
work out (for the best) in the end, you'll
see.

The survey asks workers about

facilities in their workplace.

He has wrestled professionally for five

years.

Let's go to the zoo.

146
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