CHAPTER 7

SECURITY SURVEY, SECURITY INSPECTION

and SECURITY INVESTIGATION

A. SECURITY SURVEY

1. Concept of Security Survey

The information pertaining to one of the most important security services offered
to a head of office is the conduct of security surveys and security inspections. Security
surveys and security inspections are conducted for the establishment of an effective
Security System.

Since there are many security countermeasures to be considered, heads of offices

should utilized specially trained personnel, if the efforts of espionage and sabotage agents
and other criminal elements are to be negated. Security is an extremely complex program
and the objective analysis of an office head’s security program by security survey and
inspection personnel can be of great assistance in determining the efficiency of any
established security program.

2. SECURITY SYSTEM – This is the set of policies, procedures and rules and regulations
designed to reduce to an absolute minimum the possibility of espionage, sabotage and
compromise of classified information of an office or a whole establishment.

3. SECURITY SURVEY – This is also known as security audit which is actually a fact-
finding probe to determine a plant’s adequacy and deficiency in all aspects of security,
with the corresponding recommendations.

It is also referring to an estimate of the security standards of a unit, and is

conducted to enable the responsible officer to recognize and evaluate security hazards
and determine protective measures necessary to the prevention of sabotage, espionage,
subversive activities and other criminal acts inimical towards the interest and/or mission
of the unit and/or command.

In the field of police and military intelligence, Security Survey is defined as a

counterintelligence service to assist heads of office in determining the security measures
required to protect key installations from possible sabotage, espionage, subversion, and
unauthorized disclosures of, or access to, classified information or material contained
therein.

4. Related Terminologies – For better comprehension, the following terminologies are

hereby defined:

a. SURVEY – the term applied to the first detailed “look see” conduct by e team.

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 b. SECURITY INSPECTION or FOLLOW-UP SURVEY – This is the term
referring to the succeeding surveys after the initial surveys.
c. SUPPLEMENT SURVEYS – It is conducted when there is business reorganization
with corresponding changes in object and physical by-outs of the complex.
d. SPECIAL SURVEYS – This is directed by management, if the initial survey appears
to have left certain portions or aspects involving security due to change in policy or
operation that will greatly affect the total security picture.
e. ENTRANCE CONFERENCE – A conference or dialogue between the survey team
and management officials of a plant before security survey is conducted.
f. EXIT CONFERENCE – A conference similar to entrance conference done after the
completion of the survey.

B. SECURITY INSPECTION

1. Concept of Security Inspection

Established security measures soon become outdated and ineffective because of

the new demands of the organization or business establishment. Or after prolonged
application of the security measures, the establishment becomes susceptible to the present
and future demands of the establishment.

2. Definition of Security Inspection – This is a check of how well existing security

measures and regulations are being carried out within a detachment or establishment. A
security inspection may also include an investigation of alleged or suspected security
violations. Physical security is concerned with forces, entrances and exit, guards, traffic
control, lighting, fire control, and with such other physical measures, which, if properly
established and maintained, will deny access to unauthorized persons.

In the field of police and military intelligence, security inspection is defined as a

counterintelligence service performed to determine compliance with established security
policies and procedures.

3. Characteristics of Security Inspection – The security inspection, although skin to the

security survey, is much more restricted in scope. As observed, the security survey
considers everything pertaining to an office’s security, but the security inspection is
limited to determination of the degree of compliance by unit personnel with established
policies and procedures.

4. Security of Inspection Procedures –The preliminary and investigative procedures

involved in the conduct of a security inspection are essentially the same as those required
for a security survey; this is the selection of inspection personnel, the necessary file
checks and other preparation, the duties of the in-charge, the use of checklists and the
coordination with the Security Officer. The actual inspection will closely parallel the
same procedures followed during the conduct of a security survey.

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 Prior to the actual conduct of the inspection, the agent conducts a preliminary
check of the office or offices to be inspected to determine what security regulations are
enforced at the unit.

5. Types of Security Inspection – There are three specific types of security inspections are:
a. Continuous Inspection. To keep with the constant changes in the organization,
changes in our security terms of attitudes, life-style and moral values, and the rapid
advancement of technological modifications are all around us, inspection must be an
on-going and never ending activity.

b. Formal and Informal. For the company which has just ungraded the security
function, hired a new security administrator, or initiated a security department and
program. The formal approach to inspection is most desirable, primary because it tells
the company how senior management feels about protection, and thus establishes the
desirable climate.

Formal Inspection – is one which some fanfare is attached. It is usually preceded by

an announcement, and the unit under inspection “prepares” for events, including
some extra housekeeping activities that would not otherwise happen at that point in
time.

Informal Inspection–is usually the result of a long and firmly entrenched inspection
program, understood by all and accepted as part of the organizational life. The
inspection has been stripped of all external trappings of importance, but their
functional importance has not been lessened in any manner. They are seriously and
quietly executed in a spirit of understanding and cooperation.

c. Structured or Unstructured Inspection.

Structured Inspection – is one that moves systematically from one area to the next
and so on. There is a format or logical sequence to the process. For instance, the audit
may start with the first line of defense, then the second line, then the third line, etc.

Unstructured Inspection – is conducted in a random manner. There is no format or

logical sequencing. For example, the inspection may start with countermeasures for
proprietary information, then emergency plan, followed by investigation and so forth.

C. SECURITY INVESTIGATION

1. Concept of Security Investigation

The functions of Investigation are many and multifaceted. From its latin
derivative, vestige, investigation implies a tracking, a search, an assimilation, or

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 collection of information and facts. Today, many business firms and other organizations
employ investigators directly as part of their in-house security programs.

2. Definition of Security Investigation

Security Investigation – This is a planned and organized determination of facts

concerning specific loss or damage of assets due to threats, hazards or unsecured
conditions.

3. Tools of Security Investigation. There are four specific types of investigation which
may be applicable to security, these are:

A. Information – knowledge which the investigator gathers from other persons.

1. Acquired from regular sources – conscientious and public-spirited citizens,
company files, school files or records file of other agencies.
2. Acquired from cultivated sources – paid informants, bartenders, cab drivers,
acquaintances, etc.

B. Interrogation – the skillful questioning of a person who is reluctant to divulge

information concerning the offense under investigation.

C. Interview – the simple questioning of a witness who has no personal reason to

withhold information.

D. Instrumentation – the application of instruments and methods of physical sciences to

the detection of crimes. In other words, the sum total of the application of all sciences
in crime detection otherwise known as criminalistics.

4. Systematic Approach to an Investigation

a. Define the Investigative Problem

1. Know the reason for the investigation.
2. Know the particular phases or elements of investigation assigned to the
investigator.
3. Know whether the investigation is to be handled overtly or discreetly.
4. Know the priority and suspense date assigned to the investigation.
5. Know the origin of the information.

b. Collection of Relevant Data

1. Prepare written investigative plan – represents a guide for work. This covers:
 Information needed
 Methods used in gathering information
 Location of sources to furnish this information

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 2. Methods and sources to be used. Methods available to an investigator are as
follows:
 Personal observation
- Undercover/use of agent
- Surveillance
- Raids and seizure
- Direct visits to the scene

 Study of Documents or records

- Operational files
- Identity of documents
- Newspapers, books, periodicals, etc.
- Correspondence, letters, telegrams, etc.

 Use of Interrogation and Interview

 Used of recruited Informants
 Liaison with Agencies who possess information

c. Analysis and Verification of the Information Gathered

1. Analysis involves a study of the information in terms of the questions set out to
answer.
 Data collected should be appropriate and complete
 Information supplied must be factual

2. Verification Method Involves

 Personal observation of the agent
 Secure reliable statements from individuals making personal observation
through experience
 Documents or physical evidence – consulting official records.

d. Drawing the Conclusion

It is the function and responsibility of the person requesting the investigation.

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