1999 An Exposition of The Book of Revelation - LECTURE NOTES

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An Exposition on the Book of Revelation
LECTURE NOTES
By James B. Jordan
(These are notes that accompany a 204 audio lecture series of the same name. However, they have been
retyped from the original and have been modified such that the page numbers do not match those of the
original as referred to by JBJ in his lectures.)
Biblical Horizons
P.O. Box 1096
Niceville, FL 32588
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................2
LECTURE #001 - AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF REVELATION............................................8
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................8
Informal Introductory Remarks................................................................................................................8
A. Literary Structuring by Sevens...........................................................................................................8
LECTURE #002 – HEPTAMEROUS SEQUENCING IN REVELATION....................................................9
(Comparison to Heptamerous Structure of Genesis 2-3).............................................................................9
LECTURE #003 – THE LEVITICAL CALENDAR IN REVELATION......................................................10
(Comparison to Heptamerous Structure of Leviticus 23)...........................................................................10
LECTURE #004 – LITURGICAL WARFARE IN THE BOOK OF REVELATION...................................11
(Revelation as a Worship Service)..............................................................................................................11
B. Liturgical Structure of Revelation.....................................................................................................11
LECTURE #005 - AUTHOR, DATE, & AUDIENCE OF REVELATION...................................................13
C. Author, Date, & Audience of Revelation............................................................................................13
LECTURE #006 - APPROACHES TO THE BOOK OF REVELATION.....................................................14
D. Approaches to Revelation’s Prophecies...........................................................................................14
LECTURE #007 - REVELATION 1:1-3.......................................................................................................15
LECTURE #010 - REVELATION 1:9-11......................................................................................................21
LECTURE #011 - REVELATION 1:12-13A.................................................................................................26
LECTURE #012 - REVELATION 1:13B-16.................................................................................................28
LECTURE #013 - REVELATION 1:14.........................................................................................................29
LECTURE #014 - REVELATION 1:15-16...................................................................................................30
LECTURE #015 - REVELATION 1:17-20...................................................................................................31
LECTURE #016 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES - INTRODUCTION...........................33
Revelation 2 & 3.........................................................................................................................................33
I. Passover and the Meals of Unleavened Bread.................................................................................33
II. Structures in this section...................................................................................................................33
A. Creation Days and Parallels...........................................................................................................33
B. Historical Recapitulation..................................................................................................................33
LECTURE #017 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES - OVERVIEW....................................34
Types of the Church in the Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia............................................................34
LECTURE #018 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES – THE STRUCTURE OF
REVELATION 2 & 3.....................................................................................................................................35
C. Chiastic Structure (see also U. below).............................................................................................35
D. Three Plus Four................................................................................................................................35
E. Four Plus Three (see also J. below).................................................................................................35
F. The First Three - theme: assaults on the saints.................................................................................35
G. The Last Three - theme: maintain faithful witness...........................................................................35
H. Jesus as the Standard for the Church...............................................................................................36
I. The Enemies of the Churches.............................................................................................................36
J. Structural anticipations of Revelation as a whole:...........................................................................37
LECTURE #019 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES – THE STRUCTURE OF THE
LETTERS.......................................................................................................................................................38
K. Structure of each letter:....................................................................................................................38
L. The structure and covenant renewal:................................................................................................38
M. Chiastic structure of each letter:.....................................................................................................38
N. Ephesus: unified but compromised church.......................................................................................38
O. Smyrna: unified and faithful church.................................................................................................39
P. Pergamum: divided church. Good but with a few who should be purged.........................................39
Q. Thyatira: divided church. Half and half, must be split....................................................................39
R. Sardis: divided church. Evil but with a few who will be saved.........................................................39
S. Philadelphia: unified and faithful church.........................................................................................39
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T. Laodicea: unified but compromised church......................................................................................40

U. Church Discipline as theme: (You rule now, so get busy ruling!)....................................................40
LECTURE #020 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES – OVERCOMING.............................41
V. Victory in warfare as theme: (overcoming; conquering)..................................................................41
W. The True Church (comparison to Revelation 19-22).......................................................................41
LECTURE #021 – EPHESUS AND SMYRNA – REVELATION 2:1-11....................................................43
III. The Angel Problem...........................................................................................................................43
Ephesus 2:1-7.............................................................................................................................................43
Smyrna 2:8-11............................................................................................................................................44
LECTURE #022 – PERGAMUM – REVELATION 2:12-17........................................................................45
LECTURE #023 – THYATIRA – REVELATION 2:18-29............................................................................47
LECTURE #024 – SARDIS AND PHILADELPHIA – REVELATION 3:1-13...........................................49
Sardis 3:1-6.................................................................................................................................................49
Philadelphia 3:7-13.....................................................................................................................................50
LECTURE #025 – LAODICEA – REVELATION 3:14-22...........................................................................51
LECTURE #026 – REVELATION: STRUCTURAL REVIEW...................................................................53
LECTURE #027 – THE HEAVENLY TEMPLE – REVELATION 4:1-3.....................................................57
Revelation 4 & 5.........................................................................................................................................57
A. The Heavenly Temple (Rev. 4)...........................................................................................................57
LECTURE #028 – THE HEAVENLY LEVITES – REVELATION 4:4.......................................................58
LECTURE #029 – AT THE THRONE – REVELATION 4:3-5....................................................................59
LECTURE #030 – WORSHIP IN HEAVEN – REVELATION 4:6-10.........................................................62
LECTURE #031 – THE COMING OF THE LAMB – REVELATION 5:1-7..............................................65
B. The Ascension (Rev. 5).......................................................................................................................69
LECTURE #032 – THE WORSHIP OF THE LAMB – REVELATION 5:8-14...........................................70
LECTURE #033 – THE THREE BOOKS – REVELATION 5:2-4...............................................................71
Revelation 6 & 7: The Seven Seals............................................................................................................71
LECTURE #034 – THE SEALS – REVELATION 6:1.................................................................................74
LECTURE #035 – THE WHITE AND RED HORSE RIDER – REVELATION 6:1-4................................75
LECTURE #036 – THE BLACK AND GREEN HORSE RIDER – REVELATION 6:5-8..........................77
Star Chart....................................................................................................................................................80
LECTURE #037 – THE FIFTH SEAL – REVELATION 6:9-11..........................................................80
LECTURE #037 – THE FIFTH SEAL – REVELATION 6:9-11..................................................................81
LECTURE #038 – DECREATION – REVELATION 6:12-14......................................................................82
LECTURE #039 – JUDGMENT – REVELATION 6:15-17.........................................................................83
LECTURE #040 – THE SEALING – REVELATION 7:1-3.........................................................................84
LECTURE #041 – THE SEALED – REVELATION 7:4-8...........................................................................85
LECTURE #042 – THE TUNED LYRE – REVELATION 7:9-17................................................................88
LECTURE #043 – WORSHIP IN REVELATION........................................................................................91
LECTURE #044 – THE SEVENTH SEAL – REVELATION 8:1-5.............................................................93
Revelation 8-11: The Seven Trumpets.......................................................................................................93
LECTURE #045 – TRUMPETS 1 & 2 – REVELATION 8:6-9....................................................................94
LECTURE #046 – TRUMPETS 3 & 4 – REVELATION 8:10-12................................................................95
LECTURE #047 – THE FIFTH TRUMPET (A) – REVELATION 8:13 – 9:12...........................................97
LECTURE #048 – THE FIFTH TRUMPET (B) – REVELATION 9:1-11...................................................98
LECTURE #049 – THE SIXTH TRUMPET – REVELATION 9:13-21.....................................................100
LECTURE #050 – EXCURSUS: DANIEL 10 – 12 – REVELATION 10..................................................103
LECTURE #051 – FROM DICTATION TO INSPIRATION – REVELATION 10....................................104
Excursus: Ezekiel and Revelation............................................................................................................104
LECTURE #052 – EZEKIEL & REVELATION – REVELATION 10.......................................................105
Excursus: Ezekiel and Revelation (Continued)........................................................................................105
LECTURE #053 – ZECHARIAH’S NIGHT VISIONS, PART 1 – REVELATION 10 – 11......................107
Excursus: Zechariah's Night Visions........................................................................................................107
Excursus: Zechariah's Night Visions (Continued)....................................................................................108
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Creation Days in Zechariah 1-6................................................................................................................109

LECTURE #057 – OVERVIEW OF REVELATION 10 – 11.....................................................................112
Trumpet 6: Overview............................................................................................................................112
LECTURE #058 – EZEKIEL 8 – 11 - REVELATION 10 – 11...................................................................113
The Little Book and Ezekiel 8-11..........................................................................................................113
LECTURE #059 - REVELATION 10:1-14..................................................................................................114
Trumpet 6, Part II: The Little Scroll (chapter 10)................................................................................114
The Seven Thunders or Great Voice Events (10:3)...............................................................................115
LECTURE #060 – HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE NEW TESTAMENT ERA (INTERLUDE)......116
Interlude: Survey of New Testament History...........................................................................................116
LECTURE #061 – NO MORE DELAY – REVELATION 10:5-6...............................................................117
LECTURE #062 – THE MYSTERY OF GOD, PART 1 – REVELATION 10:7........................................118
The Mystery of the Kingdom...................................................................................................................118
LECTURE #063 – THE MYSTERY OF GOD, PART 2 – REVELATION 10:7........................................119
LECTURE #064 – THE INSPECTION – REVELATION 10:8-10.............................................................120
LECTURE #065 – THE MEASURER – REVELATION 10:11 – 11:2.......................................................121
Measuring the Sanctuary..........................................................................................................................121
LECTURE #066 – THE TWO WITNESSES – REVELATION 11:3-4......................................................123
The Two Witnesses...................................................................................................................................123
LECTURE #067 – PLAGUES – REVELATION 11:5-6.............................................................................125
LECTURE #068 – THE TRIUMPH OF THE WITNESSES – REVELATION 11:7-12.............................126
LECTURE #069 – THE SEVENTH TRUMPET – REVELATION 11:14-19............................................128
LECTURE #070 – STAR SIGNS, PART 1 – REVELATION 12:1-5..........................................................130
Trumpets, Part 2: The Three Star-Signs of Old Creation History (11:19- End).......................................130
LECTURE #071 – STAR SIGNS, PART 2 – REVELATION 12:1-5..................................................133
LECTURE #071 – STAR SIGNS, PART 2 – REVELATION 12:1-5..........................................................134
The Woman and the Dragon.................................................................................................................134
The Falling of the Stars........................................................................................................................134
The Seven Heads and Diadems............................................................................................................134
LECTURE #072 – WAR IN HEAVEN – REVELATION 12:5-17..............................................................136
War in Heaven......................................................................................................................................136
Praise in Heaven..................................................................................................................................136
The Initial Persecutions.......................................................................................................................137
LECTURE #073 – ROMANS – REVELATION 13:1-10............................................................................139
The Beasts of Revelation 13.....................................................................................................................139
The Sea Beast.......................................................................................................................................139
LECTURE #075 – EDOMITES – REVELATION 13:11............................................................................143
The Land Beast.....................................................................................................................................143
LECTURE #076 – POWER RELIGION – REVELATION 13:12..............................................................144
LECTURE #077 – A FALSE PENTECOST – REVELATION 13:13.........................................................145
LECTURE #078 – THE BEAST-IMAGE – REVELATION 13:14.............................................................146
LECTURE #079 – WAR BETWEEN THE BEASTS – REVELATION 13:15...........................................147
LECTURE #080 – THE MARK OF THE BEAST – REVELATION 13:16-17..........................................149
LECTURE #081 – THE NUMBER OF THE BEAST – REVELATION 13:18..........................................150
LECTURE #082 – MID-COURSE OVERVIEW OF REVELATION, I.....................................................151
LECTURE #083 – MID-COURSE OVERVIEW OF REVELATION, II....................................................151
LECTURE #084 – MID-COURSE OVERVIEW OF REVELATION, III..................................................151
LECTURE #085 – REVELATION 14 - OVERVIEW.................................................................................151
LECTURE #086 – REVELATION 14:1-5...................................................................................................152
The Harvest of the First Fruits: Revelation 14.........................................................................................152
LECTURE #087 – REVELATION 14:6-14.................................................................................................153
Summary or the Trumpets....................................................................................................................153
End of Trumpet Era..............................................................................................................................153
Structural Considerations....................................................................................................................153
LECTURE #088 – THE END OF THE TRUMPETS - REVELATION 14................................................154
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B. The Trumpets in Context..........................................................................................................154

LECTURE #089 – THE NATURE OF ASTRAL REVELATION..............................................................155
The Third Sky Sign..................................................................................................................................155
LECTURE #090 – THE ZODIAC AND COMETS.....................................................................................156
LECTURE #091 – PLANETARY POWERS...............................................................................................157
LECTURE #092 – THE TUNED SKY, PART I...........................................................................................158
LECTURE #093 – THE TUNED SKY, PART II.........................................................................................159
LECTURE #094 – THE TUNED SKY, PART III........................................................................................162
LECTURE #095 – THE END OF THE FIRSTFRUITS ERA.....................................................................165
The Seventh Trumpet...............................................................................................................................165
LECTURE #096 – THE COMING OF WRATH – REVELATION 15.......................................................166
LECTURE #097 – BOWLS – REVELATION 16.......................................................................................167
I. Introduction..............................................................................................................................167
II. Bowls or Comprehensive Alienation and Rejection.................................................................167
LECTURE #098 – LAVERS – REVELATION 16......................................................................................169
III. Unpacking the Symbolism..............................................................................................................169
LECTURE #099 – LIBATIONS – REVELATION 16.................................................................................170
LECTURE #100 – INCENSE – REVELATION 16....................................................................................171
LECTURE #101 – TRIBUTE – REVELATION 16....................................................................................172
LECTURE #102 – LAMPS – REVELATION 16........................................................................................173
LECTURE #103 – PASSOVER – REVELATION 16.................................................................................174
LECTURE #104 – PURIFICATIONS – REVELATION 16........................................................................175
LECTURE #105 – THE COVERED WEEK – REVELATION 16.............................................................176
LECTURE #106 – LEPROSY & DEATH – REVELATION 16.................................................................177
LECTURE #107 – DAY OF ATONEMENT I – REVELATION 16............................................................178
LECTURE #108 – DAY OF ATONEMENT II – REVELATION 16..........................................................179
LECTURE #109 - ATONEMENT IN ZECHARIAH (1).............................................................................181
LECTURE #110 - ATONEMENT IN ZECHARIAH (2).............................................................................182
LECTURE #111 - ATONEMENT IN ZECHARIAH (3) – THE LEPROUS HOUSE................................184
LECTURE #112 - ANOINTING..................................................................................................................186
LECTURE #113 – THE 1ST AND 2ND BOWLS – REVELATION 16:1-3...................................................187
IV. The Seven Bowls (Revelation 16)...............................................................................................187
LECTURE #114 – THE 3RD BOWL – REVELATION 16:4-7....................................................................189
Worthy are they!...................................................................................................................................189
LECTURE #115 – THE 4TH BOWL – REVELATION 16:8-9.....................................................................191
LECTURE #116 – THE 5TH BOWL – REVELATION 16:10-16.................................................................192
LECTURE #117 – KINGS & FROGS & THE EUPHRATES – REVELATION 16:12-13........................195
LECTURE #118 – KINGS OF THE OIKUMENE – REVELATION 16:14...............................................199
LECTURE #119 – THE THIEF AND OUR GARMENTS – REVELATION 16:15..................................200
LECTURE #120 – THE FEAST-BATTLE – REVELATION 16:16...........................................................201
LECTURE #121 – CYRUS..........................................................................................................................203
LECTURE #122 – AMALEK......................................................................................................................205
LECTURE #123 – THE SEVENTH BOWL – THE LEPROUS HOUSE...................................................206
LECTURE #124 – THE MEMORIAL OF JERUSALEM...........................................................................208
LECTURE #125 – THE COLLAPSE OF THE FIRMAMENT..................................................................209
LECTURE #126 – BABYLON (I)...............................................................................................................210
LECTURE #127 – BABYLON (II)..............................................................................................................211
LECTURE #128 – OVERVIEW OF REVELATION 18.............................................................................212
The Seven Last Visions............................................................................................................................212
Structure of Revelation 17........................................................................................................................213
LECTURE #129 – HARLOT (I)..................................................................................................................214
LECTURE #130 – TEXTUAL CRITICISM................................................................................................216
LECTURE #131 – HARLOT (II).................................................................................................................217
LECTURE #132 – GIDEON AND REVELATION....................................................................................219
LECTURE #133 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 1 – ORIGIN OF THE MYSTERIES.......................220
Excursus: A Few Thoughts on the Fall.....................................................................................................220
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LECTURE #134 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 2 – THE TWO MYSTERIES, PART 1...................222
LECTURE #135 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 3 – THE TWO MYSTERIES, PART 2...................224
LECTURE #136 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 4 – OEDIPUS & THE PHARISEES.......................225
LECTURE #137 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 5 – JOB’S DISTRESS.............................................226
LECTURE #139 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 7 – CRISIS TIME....................................................227
LECTURE #140 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 8 – JEREMIAH & SOCRATES..............................228
LECTURE #141 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 9 – SUMMARY, HISTORY OF ISRAEL...............229
LECTURE #142 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 10 – THE ROMAN REPUBLIC.............................231
LECTURE #143 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 11 – ROME AND ISRAEL.....................................232
LECTURE #144 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 12 – RETURNING TO REVELATION 17.............235
LECTURE #145 – THE EIGHTH HEAD - REVELATION 17:11.............................................................237
LECTURE #146 – THE TEN HORNS - REVELATION 17:12-14............................................................239
LECTURE #147 – EYE FOR EYE - REVELATION 17:15.......................................................................241
LECTURE #148 & #149 – BURN FOR BURN - REVELATION 17:16....................................................244
LECTURE #150 – REVELATION 17:17-18...............................................................................................245
LECTURE #151 – REVELATION 18:1......................................................................................................246
Revelation 18............................................................................................................................................246
The Three Lamentations...........................................................................................................................253
The Lamentation of the Kings of the Land..............................................................................................253
LECTURE #157 – VINDICATION OF THE PROPHET............................................................................255
LECTURE #158 – THE SMOKE OF HER BURNING..............................................................................256
LECTURE #159 – MERCHANTS LAMENT 1 – REVELATION 18:11-12..............................................257
The Lamentation of the Merchants of the Land.......................................................................................257
LECTURE #160 – MERCHANTS LAMENT 2 – REVELATION 18:13-17..............................................262
LECTURE #161 – SHIPMASTERS LAMENT – REVELATION 18:17-20..............................................263
The Lamentation of the Seafarers.............................................................................................................263
The Festival of the Saints.........................................................................................................................263
LECTURE #162 – THE GREAT STONE – REVELATION 18:21.............................................................264
The End of Babylon..................................................................................................................................264
LECTURE #163 – DECREATION – REVELATION 18:22-24..................................................................267
LECTURE #164 – NEW LITURGY – REVELATION 19:1-2...................................................................269
The Marriage Supper of the Lamb (19:1-10)...........................................................................................271
LECTURE #167 – THE SPIRIT OF PROPHECY - REVELATION 19:9-10.............................................275
LECTURE #168 – RESURRECTION - REVELATION 19:11...................................................................276
The Battle of the Mountain of Festival Assembly (19:11-21)..................................................................276
LECTURE #169 – THE FEAST OF BOOTHS - REVELATION 19:9.......................................................277
LECTURE #170 – THE TOTUS CHRISTUS - REVELATION 19:11.......................................................278
LECTURE #171 – THE CROWNED EMPEROR - REVELATION 19:12................................................280
LECTURE #172 – THE BLOODY GARMENT - REVELATION 19:13...................................................282
LECTURE #173 – THE WHITE ROBE - REVELATION 19:14................................................................284
LECTURE #174 – CHURCH AND STATE - REVELATION 19:15-16.....................................................285
LECTURE #175 – THE CURSE OF THE COVENANT - REVELATION 19:17-18................................287
LECTURE #176 – DOOM OF THE ANTI-WITNESSES - REVELATION 19:19-21...............................290
LECTURE #177 – THE MILLENIUM I - REVELATION 20:1-3..............................................................292
The Millennium (I)...................................................................................................................................292
LECTURE #178 – THE MILLENIUM II - REVELATION 20:1-3............................................................295
LECTURE #179 – THE MILLENIUM III - REVELATION 20:1-3...........................................................296
LECTURE #180 – THE MILLENIUM IV - REVELATION 20:4-6...........................................................298
The Millennium (II)..................................................................................................................................298
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LECTURE #181 – JOHN THE FORERUNNER - REVELATION 20:4....................................................301

LECTURE #182 – NAZIRITES - REVELATION 20:4..............................................................................302
LECTURE #183 – CORPORATE RESURRECTION - REVELATION 20:4-6.........................................303
LECTURE #184 – SATAN LOOSED - REVELATION 20:7.....................................................................306
The Final Conflict (Revelation 20:7-10)..................................................................................................306
LECTURE #185 – THE FINAL CONFLICT - REVELATION 20:8-9.......................................................308
LECTURE #186 – SATAN JUDGED - REVELATION 20:10....................................................................309
LECTURE #187 – CONQUEST IN JOSHUA............................................................................................310
LECTURE #188 – OVERVIEW OF EZEKIEL...........................................................................................311
LECTURE #189 – THE NATIONS AND EZEKIEL..................................................................................313
LECTURE #190 – GOG AND HAMAN AGAG.........................................................................................314
Typological Parallels................................................................................................................................315
LECTURE #191 – EZEKIEL 38:1-16.........................................................................................................317
LECTURE #192 – EZEKIEL 38 - 39..........................................................................................................319
LECTURE #193 – THE AMALEK PATTERN...........................................................................................321
LECTURE #194 – THE LAST JUDGMENT IN MATTHEW....................................................................324
LECTURE #195 – THE LAST JUDGMENT – REVELATION 20:11-15..................................................325
LECTURE #196 – THE NEW JERUSALEM – REVELATION 21:1-7.....................................................327
The Everlasting Kingdom (21:1-8)..........................................................................................................327
LECTURE #197 – CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WICKED – REVELATION 21:8..............................330
LECTURE #198 – THE LIGHT OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:9-11...............................................332
The New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5 or 9)........................................................................................................332
LECTURE #199 – THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:12-17...............................336
LECTURE #200 – THE MATERIALS OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:18-21...................................339
LECTURE #201 – THE STONES OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:19-20..........................................341
LECTURE #202 – THE TEMPLE & PEOPLE OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:22-27......................351
LECTURE #203 – GARDEN, SABBATH, AND SIN IN THE CITY – REVELATION 22:1-9................353
LECTURE #204 – THE FINAL EXHORTATIONS – REVELATION 22:10-21........................................361
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LECTURE #001 - AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF REVELATION
Introduction
Informal Introductory Remarks
(No notes provided.)
A. Literary Structuring by Sevens
1. The many sevens in Revelation.
2. The structure of the book itself.
The Man (ch. 1)

Jesus
The Churches: True & False (ch. 2-3)

Letters to the Seven Churches
The Call to the Throne (ch. 4-5)

Ascension of Christ
The Book (ch. 6-7)

Seven Seals
The Call to Judgment (ch. 8-15)

Seven Trumpets
The False Church and the True (ch. 16-20)

Seven Chalices
The Bride (ch. 21-22)

The City
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LECTURE #002 – HEPTAMEROUS SEQUENCING IN REVELATION
(Comparison to Heptamerous Structure of Genesis 2-3)
3. The Heptamerous Structure of Genesis 2-3:
1. Garden formless, empty, given light-bearer, (man), 2:4-7

“And YHWH God formed man”
Spirit hovered, made light // breathing into dust, make man
2. Garden-sanctuary, 2:8
“And YHWH God planted a garden”
3. Trees grow out of land, 2:9; centrality of land, 2:10-14

“and YHWH God caused to grow”
4. Man established as ruler, 2:15

“And YHWH God took the man and put him”
5. Commands, regarding trees, 2:16-17

“And YHWH God commanded the man”
6. Community, 2:18-24
“And YHWH God said”
7. Sabbath sin and judgment, 2:25 – 3:23

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LECTURE #003 – THE LEVITICAL CALENDAR IN REVELATION
(Comparison to Heptamerous Structure of Leviticus 23)
4. The Heptamerous Structure of Leviticus 23:
1. Sabbath (vv. 1-3) – God’s rest
2. Passover (vv. 4-8) – sin removed
3. Firstfruits (vv. 9-14) – brought to God
4. Pentecost (vv. 15-22) – law revealed
5. Trumpets (vv. 23-25) – brought to God
6. Atonement (vv. 26-32) – man’s rest

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LECTURE #004 – LITURGICAL WARFARE IN THE BOOK OF REVELATION
(Revelation as a Worship Service)
B. Liturgical Structure of Revelation
1. On the Lord’s Day.
2. Clearly set out as a worship service.
3. Meaning: liturgical warfare.
4. Outline
INTRODUCTION: (1:1-9)
v. 3 – reading & hearing
v. 4 – addressed to churches
v. 7 – Jesus comes
v. 10 – in Spirit on Lord’s Day
1. Call: (1:10-20) [Sabbath]
v. 10 – Jesus call us to worship
v. 17 – Jesus enables us to worship
2. Confession of Sin: (2 & 3) [Passover]
- Jesus inspects us
3:20 – invitation to communion
3. Ascension for Praise: (4 & 5) [First-fruits]
chapter 4 – worship is already going on in heaven
chapter 5 – we, in Christ, ascend to participate
Psalm 100:4
Introit
Kyrie
Gloria in Excelsis
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Psalms
4. Opening of the Word: (6 & 7) [Pentecost]
- only takes a second for us today, but because Revelation is more than just a worship service, takes
longer here
Procession of the Word

Gradual
5. Proclamation of the Word:(8 – 14) [Pentecost]
Reading of Scripture (8 & 9)
Preaching of Scripture (10:9-11)
Offertory
- offer ourselves & our gifts (14:13-20)
- praise (15:1-4)
6. Administration of the Lord’s Supper: (15 – 19) [Day of Atonement]
1 Corinthians 11:30
Marriage Supper of the Lamb (19:9)
The Anti-Supper (19:17-18)
Praise (19:1-8)
7. Mission: (19:11 – 22:7) [Tabernacles]
Epilogue: (22:8-21)
Invitation to participate in worship (v. 17)
5. Aspects of worship in Revelation:
a. Organized
b. Planned
c. Antiphonal
d. Responsorial
e. Instrumental
f. Physical
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LECTURE #005 - AUTHOR, DATE, & AUDIENCE OF REVELATION
C. Author, Date, & Audience of Revelation
1. Author – v. 1
- “John”
- not composed by John, but simply recorded by him.

- thus there is no reason to expect it to have the same style as John’s gospel and epistles.
2. Date
a. The time is near: 1:1; 22:7,10, 12,20
b. The “near” event in the rest of the NT is the destruction of Jerusalem
Matthew 23:34-38
Matthew 24:34
Luke 21:20-24 + 34
Hebrews 10:25; 13:13-14
c. Jerusalem is still standing: Rev. 11:8
Rev. 1:1 – communication is by signs and symbols
d. Babylon is always primarily a religious power
Zechariah 5:5-11
e. Therefore, Revelation written before the Jewish-Roman war, before AD 66.
f. If Babylon is Jerusalem, the Seabeast is Rome.
Rev. 17:10 – Nero
Rev. 13:18 – Nero Caesar
Nero became emperor in AD 54. He began his persecutions in AD 64.
3. Audience: the seven churches, not Jerusalem; 1:4

14
LECTURE #006 - APPROACHES TO THE BOOK OF REVELATION
D. Approaches to Revelation’s Prophecies
1. The Futurist Approach
2. The Historical Approach
2a. Collapse of the Historical Approach
3. The Thematic Approach
4. The Preterist Approach
a. The Ancient Newspaper (Josephus) Approach
b. The Biblical-Theological Approach
5. Because Revelation is written to the churches, it is always applicable.

15
LECTURE #007 - REVELATION 1:1-3
v. 1 –
revelation “of” -
God – Jesus – Angel – John – Churches
the “Angel” –
shortly take place –
signified –
v. 2 –
word of God & testimony of Jesus –
v. 3 –
16
v. 4-5a
seven churches –
grace & peace –
Him Who Is and Who Was and Who Is to Come –
The Seven Spirits –
Jesus Christ:
- faithful witness –
- firstborn of the dead –
- ruler of kings of earth –
1. Is 5. Faithful Witness
2. Was 4. Seven Spirits 6. Firstborn from Dead
3. Is to Come 7. Ruler of Kings of Earth
v. 5b-6 –
Him who loves us –
Him who releases (probably not “washed”) us –

(no other washings with this verb; 6 other loosings: 5:2,5; 9:14,16; 20:3,7)
Him who made us a kingdom of priests –
Glory & dominion –

17
The Beatitudes in Revelation
1:3 - "Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep
those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand.”
This refers to the worship service on the Lord's Day (Rev. 1:10). Those who are invited to the assembly of
God's people, and get to hear His word officially read and preached, are blessed. Those who do not
participate in worship are left outside, under the curse. It is not enough, however, merely to attend church:
We have to honor, guard, and obey God's Word in order to preserve our blessing.
14:13 - "Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from now on."
When Adam sinned, God locked the gates of paradise against him. When men died in the Old Covenant,
they did not enter God's heaven, but went to a place of blessing that was outside of heaven in the proper
sense. Luke 16:22 calls it "Abraham's bosom." When Jesus opened heaven at His ascension, all the saints of
the Old Testament ascended with Him to heaven, and were seated on heavenly thrones (Rev. 20:4). Since
heaven is now open, those who die faithful to the Lord now get to go directly to heaven, and thus receive a
fuller blessing than the Old Covenant saints received when they died.
16:15 - "Blessed is he that watcheth, and keepeth (guardeth) his garments, lest he walk
naked, and they see his shame."
The garments refer to the clothing of salvation, which is shown in the sacrament of Holy Baptism. We must
guard our baptisms, and remain faithful to what we have been given. Adam and Eve failed to be watchful,
and Satan defiled them, with the result that their nakedness caused them shame (Gen. 2:25; 3:7). Similarly,
warning about the future, Jesus repeatedly encouraged His saints to be watchful. The foolish virgins of
Matthew 25 were not watchful and lost the blessing.
19:9 - "Blessed are they that are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb."
There are two feasts in Revelation 19, the vulture's feast and the Lamb's supper. The vulture's feast pictures
the curse that comes upon the wicked if they do not repent and are destroyed under the wrath of God. The
blessing of the righteous is to be inclined in God's eternal feast, which today we have as the Lord's Supper.
20:6 - "Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection; over such the second
death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with
Him a thousand years."
The first resurrection was that of Jesus Christ, when he arose that first Easter morning. Those who have a
part in that resurrection are Christians, who have been baptized into Christ's body, and who have received
the inner regeneration of the Holy Spirit. The Bible promises that true Christians will reign with God on
earth during the New Covenant. This may not always be evident to sight, but it is always true, and becomes
progressively more visible as history moves along.
18
22:7 - "Blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of the prophecy of this book."
Those who heed the warnings of Revelation will evade the curse, and receive the blessing. This actually
happened at the destruction of Jerusalem, in that all the Christians were watchful, and escaped. Let us learn
from them, and keep close to Christ and to His heavenly body, the Church.
22:14 - "Blessed are they that do His commandments (or, that wash their robes), that they
may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.
Some Greek manuscripts say "that do His commandments," while others (probably the better ones) say
"that wash their robes." If we go with "wash their robes," the reference is to baptism. Baptism entitles us to
the Lord's Supper (the tree of life), and this gives us access into Christian culture and civilization (the city).
Christian culture grows out of the Church, because when the Church is pure, and we "seek first His
righteousness," then the world is changed and "all these things will be added unto you" (Matt. 6:33).
If we go with "that do His commandments," we are told that those who obey will be given access to the
Lord's Supper (the tree of life). That looks like works-salvation, but the actual meaning would be that those
who obey God in the sense of putting their faith and trust in Him and remaining loyal to Him, receive the
blessing and inherit the Kingdom.
19
Amen – should begin v. 7 (see 7:12)
v. 7 –
begins and ends with “amen” –
- textual problem with “amen” – 1:18; 22:21
- the seven “amens” of Revelation:
1:6 – He is coming
(3:14)
5:14 – He rules
7:12 – He rules
7:12 – He rules
19:4 – He has come
“coming with the clouds” Daniel 7:9-10,13-14
“glory & dominion” Rev. 1:6
- Coming to the Father:
Rev. 5:7
Matt. 24:30
- other "comings" in Matt. 24 use "parousia": 3,27,37,39
- Coming to the earth in judgment/blessing:
Matt. 10:23?
Matt. 16:27-28
Matt. 25:31
- Cloud-comings in Revelation:
Rev. 10:1
Rev. 11:12
Rev. 14:14-16
20
"mourning" over the "pierced" Zechariah 12:10 - 13:1
Matt. 24:30
destructive judgment or blessing?
context of Zechariah - mourning of the ransomed

context of Daniel -blessing to saints
context of Revelation 14 - coming on cloud for the saints
immediate context - an "Amen" to verses 5-6
21
v. 8 – the Word of God
text: does “the first and the last” belong after “the Alpha and the Omega”?
- very little manuscript evidence
- tentative conclusion: omit
1. The Alpha & the Omega
God as Word
God as Alphabet
Alphabet passages in the Bible:
Psalm 1
Psalm 9 – 10, 25, 34, 37, 111, 112, 119, 145
Proverbs 31
Lamentations 1 – 4
Nahum 1
2. Lord God – Davidic
3. I am that I am – Mosaic
4. God Almighty – Abrahamic
What belongs in quotations?
v. 9 –
brother and fellow partaker
on the island called Patmos

22
Psalm 111
All my heart shall praise Jehovah, 1

Before the congregation of the righteous;
Deeds of goodness are the deeds Jehovah, 2
Earnestly desired of all them that have pleasure therein;
For his righteousness endureth for ever, 3
Glorious and honourable is his work;
He hath made his wonderful works to be remembered, 4
In Jehovah is compassion and goodness;
Jehovah hath given meat to them that fear him, 5
Keeping his covenant for ever,
Learning his people the power of his works, 6
Making them to possess the heritage of the heathen;
Nought save truth and equity are the works of his hands, 7
Ordered and sure are his commands,
Planted fast for ever and ever, 8
Righteous and true are his testimonies;
Salvation hath he sent unto his people, 9
Their covenant hath he made fast for ever;
Upright and holy is his name, 10
Verily, the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom,
Yea, a good understanding have all they that do thereafter;
Zealously shall he be praised for ever.
Psalm 119
1. All they that are undefiled in the way, walking in the law of the Lord, are blessed.
2. All they that keep his testimonies, and that seek him with the whole heart, are blessed.
3. Also they do no iniquity: they wa1k in his ways.
4. All thy precepts diligently to keep thou hast commanded us.
5. Ah, Lord! that my ways were directed to keep thy statutes!
6. Ashamed I shall never be, when I have respect unto all thy commandments.
7. Always will I praise thee, with uprightness of heart, when I shall have learned thy
righteous judgments.
8. All thy statutes will I keep: O forsake me not utterly.
9. By what means shall a young man cleanse his way ? By taking heed thereto according
to thy word.
10. By day and by night have I sought thee with my whole heart: O let me not wander
from thy commandments.
11. By thy grace I have hid thy word in my heart, that I might not sin against thee.
12. Blessed art thou, O Lord: teach me thy statutes.
13. By the words of my lips will I declare all the judgments of they mouth.
14. By far more than all the riches I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies.
23
15. By thy help I will meditate in thy precepts, and have respect unto thy ways.
16. By thy grace I will delight myself in thy statutes: I will not forget thy word.
Verses 1-8 for Oral Reading
The Revelation of Jesus Christ,

Which God gave Him to show to His slaves,
The things that must shortly take place;
And He signified, sending by His angel to is slave John,

Who testified the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ,
Whatever he saw.
Blessed is he who reads and those who hear the words of the prophecy,
And guard the things that are written in it,
For the time is near.
John to the seven churches that are in Asia:
Grace to you and peace

From Him who is and who was and who is to come,
And from the seven Spirits who are before His throne,
And from Jesus Christ:
The Faithful Witness,
The Firstborn from the dead,
And the Ruler of the kings of the land.
To Him who loves us,
And released us from our sins by His blood,
And He has made us a kingdom, priests to His God and Father,
To Him be the glory and the dominion age after age.
Amen!
Behold, He is coming with the clouds,
And every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him,
And all the tribes of the earth will mourn over Him.
Even so! Amen!
"I am the Alpha and the Omega,"

Says the Lord God,
Who Is and Who Was and Who Is to Come,
The Almighty.
24
Revelation 1:10-20
I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day,

and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet,
Saying, "Write in a book what you see,
and send to the seven churches:
to Ephesus
and to Smyrna
and to Pergamum
and to Thyatira
and to Sardis
and to Philadelphia
and to Laodicea.”
And I turned to see the voice that was speaking with me.
And having turned, I saw seven golden lampstands;

and in the middle of the lampstands one like a Son of man,
clothed in a robe reaching to the feet,

and girded across His breasts with a golden girdle.
And His head and His hair were like white wool, like snow;
And His eyes were like a flame of fire;
And His feet like burnished bronze, when it has been caused to glow in a furnace;
And His voice like the sound of many waters;
And in His right hand He held seven stars;
And out of His mouth came a sharp two-edged sword;
And His face was like the sun shines in its strength.
And when I saw Him, I fell at His feet like a dead man.
And He laid His right hand upon me,
saying, "Fear not;
“I am the first
and the last
and the Living One;
and I became dead,
and behold! I am alive age after age,
and I have the keys of death and of Hades.
Write, therefore, the things that you have seen,
and the things that are,
and the things what will take place after these things.
“As for the mystery of the seven stars that you saw in My right hand,
25
and the seven golden lampstands:

The seven stars are the messengers of the seven churches,
and the seven lampstands are the seven churches."
26
LECTURE #011 - REVELATION 1:12-13A
v. 10
In Spirit
On the Lord’s Day
Trumpet
1. God has come, as at Mount Sinai, to institute His kingdom
2. Jericho is about to fall.
3. The Year of Jubilee is about to come.
4. It is the Feast of Trumpets, and in ten days, Jubilee will begin.
Revelation 2:10
5. God’s people are summoned.
6. God’s people are set out on the march.
7. It is the day of worship and sacrifice.
v. 11
Write what you see
The seven churches
v. 12-13a
Turned to see – hearing precedes seeing
Why is John’s back to Jesus initially?
Lampstands with Son in center: Christ as both Yahweh & Adam in new grove.
Lampstands as the Watching Church.
Lampstands as Watching Pastors.

27
John in Church; hears Voice of God walking among the trees; sees Him; falls dead.
Why?
v. 13b
The robe and the girdle
The High Priest
The Greate Eliakim

28
LECTURE #012 - REVELATION 1:13B-16
vv. 14-16
And His head and His hair were like white wool, like snow;
And His eyes were like a flame of fire;
And His feet like burnished bronze, when it has been caused to glow in a furnace;
And His voice like the sound of many waters;
And in His right hand He held seven stars;
And out of His mouth came a sharp two-edged sword;
And His face was like the sun shines in its strength.
1 & 2. Head & hair like wool and snow.
3. Eyes like fire.

4. Feet like heated bronze.
5. Voice like waters.

6. Hand with stars.
7. Mouth with sword.
8. Face like sun.
29
LECTURE #013 - REVELATION 1:14
1. His head and hair.
2. His eyes.
30
3. His feet.
4. His voice.
5. His hand.
6. His mouth.
7. His face.
31
v. 17-19
John’s death and resurrection.
“I am the first
and the last
and the Living One;
and I became dead,
and behold! I am alive age after age,
and I have the keys of death and of Hades.
Write, therefore, the things that you have seen,
And the things that are,
And the things that will take place after these things.”
V. 20
"As for the mystery or the seven stars that you saw in My right hand,
and the seven golden lampstands:
The seven stars are the messengers or the seven churches,
and the seven lampstands are the seven churches."
- Who is the messenger?

the reader of the letter?
the one who brings God's message to the congregation?
- Relation to other groups of seven messengers in Revelation.
- Unity
- Mystery
- not just something that has to be explained
- revelation of God's purpose for the ages
- in terms of the tabernacle, what was hidden

Mystery of the Kingdom
Mystery of Lawlessness (Zechariah 5)
- lamps and lampstand

- spirit angels as stars and preachers earlier
- now given to humanity
32
Holy of Holies
Head, Eyes, Voice, Mouth, Face
Ark-throne
Lampstand and
Table of Bread Hands
Stream of Stream of
Fire Fire
Stream
of
water
Streams of Water
Chariots (Temple)
Bronze Altar Feet
River of Ezekiel’s
Temple
33
LECTURE #016 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES - INTRODUCTION
Revelation 2 & 3
I. Passover and the Meals of Unleavened Bread
II. Structures in this section
1. The Division in Genesis 1 and application in Revelation
2. Literary Structures of the Word of God in Revelation 2 & 3
A. Creation Days and Parallels
Ephesus - lampstand (light)
Smyma - prison versus crown (two sides of firmament?)
Pergamum -stone, bread
Sardis - garments (cp. priestly garments as fifth "day" in Exodus)
Philadelphia- pillar (man)
Laodicea - sabbath meal and throne
B. Historical Recapitulation
Ephesus - garden
Smyrna - patriarchs (especially Joseph)
Pergamum - wilderness
Thyatira – kingdom
Sardis - remnant
Philadelphia - restoration
Laodicea - from abomination under Jason to AD 70
34
LECTURE #017 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES - OVERVIEW
Types of the Church in the Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia

Ephesus: Eden and the Fall
2:1 the Lord walking among tree-like the Lord walking in Eden (Gen.3:8) 23
lampstands (Ex.37: 19-21 )
2:4-5 falling from the first love Adam's fall
Reward:
2:7 tree of life; paradise of God Genesis 2:9
Smyrna: The Patriarchs, especially Joseph
2:8 death and resurrection Rom 4:19; Gen 25:21; 29:31;

Gen 22:1-14; Heb 11:17-19
2:9 poverty and riches Heb.11:9
2:9 counterfeit Jews counterfeit Isaac, Gen. 21:9; Gal. 4:22-31
Reward:
2:10 prison &elevation to the crown Gen.39, 41
Pergamum: The Exodus and Wilderness
2:13 Satan's environment wilderness, Matt. 4:1; 12:43

2:14 Balaam Num. 22-24; 31:16
2:14 Balak Num. 25:1-3
2:16 sword against fornicators Phineas, Num. 22:31; 25:7-8; 31:8
Reward:
2:17 hidden manna Heb. 9:4 (manna hidden in ark)
2:17 white stone Ex. 28:9-12; Zech. 3:5-9
Thyatira: The Davidic Monarchy
2:18 bronze legs Jachin & Boaz, 1 Kings 7:15-22

2:20 Jezebel 1 Kings 16.21
2:22 great tribulation 1 Kings 17; Rev. 12:6; 13:5
2:23 God searches the heart Psalms of David. esp. Ps. 51,139
Reward:
2:26f Kingly rule the Davidic Son, Psalm 2
2:28 the morning star Root of David, Rev. 22:16
Sardis: Jeremiah and the Later Prophetic Period
3:1 almost dead judgment and exile

3:3 invasion like a thief sack of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar (cp. Luke 12:39;
Rev. 16:15; the sack of Jerusalem by Titus)
3:4 soiled garments the garments of Joshua, Zech. 3
Reward:
3:5 white garments. Christ defending us Zech.3
against Satan before the Father
Philadelphia: The Return from Exile
3:7 restored David Zerubbabel, Zech. 4

3:8 little power the post-exilic community (Ezra, Nehemiah)
3:6 open door world influence (Esther)
3:9 false Jews Ezra 4; Neh. 4, 6, 13
3:10 hour of testing the invasion of Antiochus Epiphanes, Dan. 11
Reward:
3:12 rebuilt Temple Haggai, Zechariah, Ezekiel 40-48
3:12 inscribed Name Zech. 3:5,9; 14:20*
Laodicea: The Period of Christ and the Apostles
3:15f lukewarm Jews of Jesus' day

3:16 spew out of His mouth Lev. 18:24-28; Luke 21:24
3:20 the Lord's Supper New Covenant sacrament
Reward:
3:21 enthronement Rev. 20:4-6
35
LECTURE #018 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES – THE STRUCTURE OF

REVELATION 2 & 3
C. Chiastic Structure (see also U. below)
Ephesus – eat of Tree of Life
Smyrna - Jews, and tribulation coming soon
Pergamum - (white) manna, white stone, name, Jesus coming soon
Thyatira - Jezebel (Babylon); true and false meal & rule
Sardis - white garment, name, Jesus coming soon
Philadelphia - Jews, and tribulation coming soon
Laodicea - eat meal with Christ
D. Three Plus Four
"hear" before reward (first three)
reward before "hear" (last four)
E. Four Plus Three (see also J. below)
Ephesus (#1) -
7 stars &
7 lampstands (oiled by Spirit)
Sardis (#5) –
7 Spirits &
7 stars
F. The First Three - theme: assaults on the saints
Ephesus - tribulation; Nicolaitans (Balaamites)
Smyrna -tribulation; Jews
Pergamum - tribulation; Balaamites (Nicolaitans)
G. The Last Three - theme: maintain faithful witness.
Sardis – hypocrisy; soiled garments, new garments

36
Philadelphia - faithfulness (protection from tribulation, vs. Smyrna above)
Laodicea - hypocrisy; new garments needed
H. Jesus as the Standard for the Church
Ephesus - holds seven stars, walks among seven lampstands; 1:12,16
Smyrna - first & last, dead & resurrected; 1:17-18
Pergamum - sharp two-edged sword; 1:16
Thyatira - eyes like fire, feet of burnished bronze; 1:14-15
Sardis - has seven Spirits and seven stars; 1:4, 16
Philadelphia - holy & true, key of David; 1:18
Laodicea - Amen, faithful & true witness, Source of creation; 1:5
I. The Enemies of the Churches
Dragon (Satan)
Smyrna (Devil; slanderer – relates to Image of Beast)
Pergamum (Dragon: attacker - relates to Beast)
Thyatira (Serpent: seducer – relates to Fa1se Prophet & Babylon)
Beast (persecutor) (Balak)
Ephesus
Smyrna
Pergamum
False Prophet [and Apostle] (Balamite Nicolaitans)
Ephesus
Pergamum
Thyatira (sons of Jezebel)
Image of the Beast (Synagogue of Satan, Jews)
Smyrna
Philadelphia
Babylon (Jezebel)
37
Thyatira
Hypocrisy (compromise) - failure to maintain faithful witness
Sardis
Laodicea
J. Structural anticipations of Revelation as a whole:
Four:
1. Ephesus: False apostles and prophets (Nicolaitans)
2. Smyrna: False Israel (focus of the seals)
3. Pergamum: False king and prophet (Balak & Balaam) (focus of the trumpets)
4. Thyatira: False bride (Jezebel) (focus of the libation-bowls)
Three:
5. Sardis: The White Army (Revelation 19)
6. Philadelphia: The Key and Blessing (Millennium)
7. Laodicea: Entrance into the Throne-City (Revelation 21-22)

38
LECTURE #019 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES – THE STRUCTURE OF THE
LETTERS
K. Structure of each letter:
1. Address: To the angel of the church at X write….
2. Revelation of Christ as Measure
3. Statement that Christ knows their works
4. Praise and/or criticism
5. Commands regarding what must be done
6. Promise to come soon and set things right
7. Exhortation to listen
8. Promise of reward to overcomers
L. The structure and covenant renewal:
1. Announcement of the Sovereign Lord
2. Historical transition to present estate
3. Commands of the Sovereign Lord
4. Promise that the Lord will come and give rewards and punishments
5. IMPLEMENTATION INTO THE FUTURE
M. Chiastic structure of each letter:
1. To the angel write….

2. Christ the measure (alpha).
3. What Christ has seen (past).
4. What they must do (now).
5. What Christ will do (future, soon).
6. Rewards to those who measure up to Christ (bride: omega) .
7. Listen to what has been written.
N. Ephesus: unified but compromised church.

2. Seven stars and seven lampstands.
3. I know good deed: Intolerance of evil.
3 ½. I have this against you: Left first love.
4. Repent: Do first deeds.
5 ½. I will come and remove lampstand.
5. You have this: Hate evil.
39

7. Eat of Tree of Life.
O. Smyrna: unified and faithful church.
1. To the angel write ….

2. First and the last, dead and come to life again.
3. I know good deed: suffer from evil men.
4. Persevere: Do not fear.
5. I will come and give crown of life.
7. Not hurt by second death.
P. Pergamum: divided church. Good but with a few who should be purged.

2. Two-edged sword.
3. I know good deed: held fast to Me.
3 ½. I have this against you: tolerate Balaamites.
4. Repent therefore.
5 ½. I will come and kill with sword.
7. Hidden manna, white stone with secret new name.
Q. Thyatira: divided church. Half and half, must be split.
1. To the angel write.…

2. Son of God (King), eyes of fire, feet of bronze.
3. I know good deed: Improvement.
3 ½. I have this against you: tolerate Jezebelites.
4 ½. I will come and kill.
5. Hold fast.
6. Shared rule and morning star.
R. Sardis: divided church. Evil but with a few who will be saved.

2. Seven Spirits and seven stars.
3 ½. I know sin: Hypocrisy.
4. Wake up, repent, remember.
5 ½. I will come like a thief.
5. You have a few: Unsoiled garments.
7. White garment, name not erased but confessed.
S. Philadelphia: unified and faithful church.
1. To the angel write

2. Holy, true, key of David.
3. I know good deeds: Held fast.
40
4. I will come and give open door, humble enemies, keep from evil.
6. Hold fast.
7. Pillar in Temple with name of God, City, and Christ.
T. Laodicea: unified but compromised church.

2. Final Amen, Present Witness, Firstborn of Creation.
3. I know sin: Lukewarmness - self-deception.
4. Repent: buy gold, garments, eyesalve.
5. I will come for dinner.
6. Sit with Me on throne.
U. Church Discipline as theme: (You rule now, so get busy ruling!)
Ephesus: unified but compromised church.

Smyrna: unified and faithful church.
Pergamum: divided church. Good but with a few who should be purged.
Thyatira: divided church. Half and half, must be split.
Sardis: divided church. Evil but with a few who will be saved.
Philadelphia: unified and faithful church.
Laodicea: unified but compromised church.
1. Some churches are compromised and the church as a whole must shape up.
2. Some churches are faithful and need only hold fast.
3. Some churches need to purge out some wicked members.
4. Some churches need to split.
5. Some churches are doomed, and the righteous should leave.
6. If Pergamum fails, it will become Thyatira.
7. If Thyatira fails, it will become Sardis.

41
LECTURE #020 – THE LETTERS TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES – OVERCOMING
V. Victory in warfare as theme: (overcoming; conquering)
Genesis 4:7 - rule over "beast" -how?
Revelation 12:11 - secret of overcoming -offer lamb.
.Revelation 17:14 - Lamb overcomes. JESUS CHRISTOS NIKA
Ephesus: Tree of Life in Paradise of God.

Smyrna: Not hurt by second death.
Pergamum: Hidden manna; white stone with his secret name on it.
Thyatira: Morning star.
Sardis: White garments; name not erased but confessed.
Philadelphia: Pillar in Temple; dwell in Temple; names of God, City, Christ.
Laodicea: Sit on throne with Christ.
Jerusalem: God as Father, dwell in City, drink Spirit, be a son [ruler], not harmed by second death
(Rev. 21:7-8).
W. The True Church (comparison to Revelation 19-22)
1. Revelation 19:7-16 (marriage supper // conquest of world)
7. Marriage supper - Laodicea (dinner)
8 & 14. White linen - Sardis (white garments promised)
11. Faithful and True - Philadelphia (Holy and True)
12. Eyes a flame of fire - Thyatira (eyes of flame)
12. Many crowns - Smyrna & Philadelphia (crown of life promised)
12. New secret name on Him - Pergamum (secret new name)
15. Sharp sword from mouth - Pergamum (sword of mouth)
15. Rule with rod of iron - Thyatira (rule with rod of iron promised)
(No direct allusion to Ephesus)
2. Revelation 21-22
21:7. Overcomers - all churches
21:8. Second death - Smyrna (no second death promised)
21:14. Foundation stones with names - Pergamum (name on stone)

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21:22. God as Temple - Philadelphia (pillar in Temple promised)
21:25. Gates never closed - Philadelphia (open door)
21:23. God as light - Ephesus & Sardis (7 stars); Thyatira (morning star promised)
21:27. Book of Life - Sardis (not to be erased, promised)
22:1. Throne of God - Laodicea (Throne promised)
21:2. Tree of Life - Ephesus (Tree of Life promised)
22:4. Christ's Name on foreheads -Philadelphia (Name on pillar promised)

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LECTURE #021 – EPHESUS AND SMYRNA – REVELATION 2:1-11
III. The Angel Problem
1. Angelic overlord of church? Hardly. What sense does it make for such to receive a letter?
2. The "ideal " of the church before God? Again, what sense does it make to address a letter to such a
thing.
3. Pastor, specifically addressed, in the singular, in these letters. Like the Levites, he is accountable for
his church. If she is unfaithful, he is accountable to rebuke her.
Ephesus 2:1-7
Creation: Day 1 - light
History: Garden
Revelation: False Apostles (cities)
1. To the angel write....
2. Seven stars and seven lampstands.
3. I know good deed: Intolerance of evil.
I know your deeds,

And your toil,
And perseverance;
And that you cannot endure evil men,
And you put to the test those who call themselves apostles and are not, and you found them false,
And you have perseverance and have endured for My name's sake and have not grown
weary.
3 ½. I have this against you: Left first love.
4. Repent: Do first deeds.
5 ½. I will come and remove lampstand.
5. You have this: Hate evil.

Nicolaitans - 2:15
7. Eat of Tree of Life.

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Smyrna 2:8-11
Creation: Day 2 - firmament (?)
History: Patriarchs, especially
Revelation: False Israel (seals)
2. First and the last, dead and come to life again.
3. I know good deed: suffer from evil men.
4. Persevere: Do not fear.
ten days
versus 1000 years
from trumpets to Atonement
5. I will come and give crown of life.
7. Not hurt by second death.

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LECTURE #022 – PERGAMUM – REVELATION 2:12-17
Creation: Day 3 – land and plants; stone and manna
History: Mosaic Era, especially wilderness
Revelation: False king and prophet (trumpets)
2. Two-edged sword -
3. I know good deed: held fast to Me.
Satan's throne - wilderness.
Antipas = Anti-Pater, Father's Representative
3 ½. I have this against you: tolerate Balaamites.

Balaam & Balak - Numbers 22-25
Nicolaitans -
No reason to think the same as Acts 6:5.
Nothing from ancient world about any such sect.
Nico-laos = People-conqueror.
Bala-am = People-consumer.
Teaching -
Eating meat sacrificed to idols:
- not forbidden in NT (1 Cor. 8-10)
- in context of Revelation, probably OT sacrifices
Fornication:
- not literal, but spiritual adultery, in Revelation
Goal - seduce the Church back to Judaism

- therefore, probably the same enemy as elsewhere: Judaizers
4. Repent therefore.
5 ½. I will come and kill with sword.

Numbers 25:7-8
Numbers 31:8 (22:23, 29, 31)

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7. Hidden manna, white stone with secret new name

hidden manna - locked up in Holy of Holies in jar.
white stone –
names on onyx stones on shoulder of High Priest (Gen. 2:12; Num. 11:7)
names on breastpiece of High Priest (“white" can also “gleaming")

Matthew 17:2
Revelation 21:14,19-20
- breastpiece names were glorified, mature form of onyx names.
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LECTURE #023 – THYATIRA – REVELATION 2:18-29
Creation: Day 4 - stars
History: Kingdom Era, especially Jezebel
Revelation: False bride (bowls)
2. Son of God, eyes of fire, feet of bronze.
Son of God = king

2 Samuel 7:14
Psalm 89:26-27
Psalm 2:7
Heb 1:3-5
Rom 1:3-4
Eyes of fire: oversight; search and judge (v. 23)

Feet of bronze: walks length and breadth of land
3. I know good deed: Improvement.
3 ½. I have this against you: tolerate Jezebelites.

Jezebel - foreign queen dominates Israel
1 Kings 1 – 8 – Hiram
Revelation 2:26
Ierusa1em - Jeremiah 4:29-30
prophetess - 2 Kings 9:22
acts of immorality - image-worship (later: Rev. 13:14)
eat - fa1se communion
4 ½. I will come and kill.
Judgment suspended: time to repent
the "bed" - place to lie down (sleep, dine, sex, sickness, death)
children - followers
kill with death - Genesis 2-3

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5. Hold fast.
deep things (bathea) of Satan
1 Cor. 2:10
Rev. 2:23
6. Shared rule and morning star.

authority over the nations - Psalm 2
morning star -
Numbers 24:17
Matthew 2:2
Revelation 22:16 - appears before sun rises

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LECTURE #024 – SARDIS AND PHILADELPHIA – REVELATION 3:1-13
Sardis 3:1-6
Creation: Day 5 - swarms; garments (Ex. 28)
History: Remnant era
Revelation: Babylon versus white army (Rev. 18-19)
2. Seven Spirits and seven stars.
3½. I know sin: Hypocrisy.
4. Wake up, repent, remember.
5½. I will come like a thief.
THE HOUR, 3:10
5. You have a few: Unsoiled garments.
soiled garments = uncleanness

white garments = cleansed garments, 7:14
blood = Numbers 19
7. White garment, name not erased but confessed

compare Pergamum name, 2:17
book of life = covenant roll of the saints // church roll
confess before angels = in courtroom setting

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Philadelphia 3:7-13
Creation: Day 6 - mankind as guardian of the door; pillar
History: Restoration era
Revelation: Key and blessing (millennium)
2. Holy, true, key of David.

6tb day = man as guard of Eden
3. I know good deeds: Held fast.
4. I will come, give open door, humble enemies, keep from evil.
open door = possibly opportunity for service and evangelism, Acts 14:27, etc.
= more likely, door to fellowship with Christ, 3:20
Put out of synagogue, they are admitted to new synagogue, which will defeat the old.
Coming Hour:
tribulation upon the whole oikumene (world)
specifically to test those who dwell on the land (Jews)
6. Hold fast.
Crown, 2:10
Psalm 8
7. Pillar in Temple with name of God, City, and Christ.

Pillars
Trees in garden
Tabernacle courtyard pillars
Tabernacle boards
Jachin & Boaz - priest & king, guardian of doorway
Galatians 2:9
Triune name
My God (Father)
City (Spirit)
My Name (Son)

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LECTURE #025 – LAODICEA – REVELATION 3:14-22
Creation: Day 7 - sabbath meal and throne
expulsion from the Garden (3:16)

nakedness and clothing
eyes need to see aright
food
History: Abomination era
Daniel 11
Revolt of Jason, then Meneleus
God brings in Antiochus Ephinanes to punish Jews
“Restoration" by Maccabees
Appointment of false high priests by Maccabees (Hasmoneans)
Split between the faithful and the Maccabees
No true Day of Atonement from then on
Revelation: Call to enter the new Jerusalem
marriage supper of the Lamb

throne of God
1. To the Angel write….
2. Final Amen, Present Witness, Firstborn of Creation.
3. I know sin: Lukewarmness - self-deception.

a. To be lukewarm is to think you are okay, but you are not (v. 17)
b. Genesis 8:22 -
Seedtime
Harvest
Cold
Heat
Summer
Winter
Day
Night
- to be lukewarm is to be out of the covenant

therefore, out of the creation
therefore, to be expelled from the creation
Leviticus 18:28 – vomited out of the land
Jesus is the New Land
Jesus is the new cosmos, the new creation
4. Repent: buy gold, garments, eyesalve.

c. Eyesalve – garden
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b. Garments – garden
a. Gold – authority / wealth / power = “knowledge of good and evil”
5. I will come for dinner.

Primary application: Lord's supper in Church (Marriage Supper of Lamb)
Secondary applications to us personally
6. Sit with Me on throne.

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LECTURE #026 – REVELATION: STRUCTURAL REVIEW
A. The Four
1. The Seven Letters (1-3)

a. Intro: Jesus (1)
b. The Seven Letters
2. The Seven Seals (4- 7)

a. Intro: Jesus (4-5)
b. The Seven Seals (8th letter)
3. The Seven Trumpets (8-14)

a. The Seven Trumpets (8-11)
b. After: Woman, Dragon & Beasts, Saints, Harvest (12-14)
4. The Seven Libation-Bowls 15-22)

a. The Seven Bowls (15-16)
b. After: Woman, Dragon & Beasts, Saints, City (17-22)
B. The Four and the Cities
1. Ephesus (Seven Cities)

a. Jesus Himself walking
b. False apostles, a literal description, reality in the churches
2. Smyrna (Seven Seals)

a. Jesus dead and resurrected (Rev. 5)
b. Saints waiting in prison (Rev. 6:9-11)
3. Pergamum (Seven Trumpets)

a. Satan's throne, Satan dwells (Rev. 12)
b. Faithful witness (Rev. 11)
c. Balak and Balaam (Rev. 13)
d. Sword of mouth = trumpet
4. Thyatira (Seven Libation Bowls)

a. Jezebel and her lovers (Rev. 16-18)
b. Rule over the nation (Rev. 20)
c. Morning star (Rev. 22: 16)
C. The Five
1. Call to Worship (Rev. 1)
2. Transition into the Kingdom (Rev. 2-5)

a. Repentance (Rev. 2-3) (Churches)
b. Follow Lamb to Throne (Rev. 4-5)
3. Proclamation of the Word (Rev. 6-14)

a. Book Opened (Rev. 6- 7) (Seals)
b. Book Proclaimed (Rev. 8-14) (Trumpets)
4. Sacramental Sealing (Rev. 15-19)

a. Judgment on those who falsely partake (Rev. 16-18) (Bowls)
b. Blessing on the faithful (Rev. 19)
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5. Mission into the World (Rev. 19-22)

a. Sent forth (Rev. 19)
b. Millennium (Rev. 20)
c. The Kingdom (Rev. 21-22)
D. The Seven
1. Revelation 1: Jesus
The First Day
Light = Jesus
The Sabbath (Lev. 23)
Ephesus "Desirable"
Stars, lamps (light)
Revelation 1:14 - His head and his hair were like white wool
Jesus appears as the Ancient of Days
2. Revelation 2-3: The Churches

The Second Day
Firmament = Church
Passover (Lev. 23)
Smyrna “Myrrh”
death & resurrection
Revelation 1:14 - His eyes were like a flame of fire
Jesus inspects the seven churches
3. Revelation 4-5: The Lamb to the Throne

The Third Day
Land = throne
Sea = before throne
Plants (fruit & grain) = sacramental (worshipping) host
First-fruits (Lev. 23)
Jesus
Pergamum "Fortress, Acropolis, High Place"
Satan's throne
High-priestly access to God's gifts (manna; stone)
Revelation 1:15 – His feet were like burnished bronze
Jesus' holy feet can/may travel to the Throne
4. Revelation 6-7: The Seals

The Fourth Day
Lights rule = book rules
Pentecost (Lev. 23)
Giving of law
As soon as Book opened, Pentecost happens (8:1-5)
Thyateira “Fragrance of Oppression” “Smoking Incense of Oppression”
(possible pun: "Fragrance of Tyre" [Jezebel])
Involvement with sacrifices to idols
Compare Pentecostal incense of 8:1-5)
Compare destructive oppression of the seals
Revelation 1:15 – His voice was like the sound of many waters
Jesus opens the Book
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5. Revelation 8-14: The Trumpets

The Fifth Day
Swarms gather (to God)
Sea and firmament (Gentiles and Jews)
Trumpets (Lev. 23)
Summoning of all to God
Sardis “Sardonic, Scornful”
Wake up before you die, the message of the trumpets to all who hear
Revelation 1:16 - In His right hand He held seven stars
Sardis: Rev. 3:1
Stars are heavenly swarm
6. Revelation 15-19: The Bowls

The Sixth Day
Animals, Man, and Bride (Beast, Prophet, Harlot)
Man is sinner, must be judged
Day of Atonement (Lev. 23)
Judgment on the wicked; scapegoat sent away
Philadelphia “Loyal to the Brother”
Saints survive the "hour of testing on the whole world"
Revelation 19: saints march out behind Jesus
Revelation 1:16 -out of His mouth came a sharp two-edged sword
Seen in Rev. 19:15
7. Revelation 20-22: The Victory

The Seventh Day
God's sabbath rest
Feast of Tabernacles (Lev. 23)
a. Lev. 23:33-36, worship Yahweh (Rev. 20)
b. Lev. 23:39-43, dwell with Yahweh in tents (Rev. 21-22)
Laodikea “People Justice”
Laodiceans need to come to Jesus to get the accoutrements of rule
Revelation 20-22, the people rule with Jesus
Revelation 1:16 – His face was like the sun shining in its strength
The Lamb is the Lamp of the City, Rev. 21:23
E. The Seven of the Enemies
1. Death and Hades (6:8) (Fourth Seal)

- false human teachers
- false apostles of Ephesus
2. Satan (Rev. 12)

- synagogue motivated by their father the devil
- synagogue of Satan of Smyrna
3. Beast and False Prophet (Rev. 13)

- Gentile powers and Jewish accomplices
- Balak and Balaam of Pergamum
4. Harlot (Rev. 17)

4. Harlot judged (Rev. 17-18)
- Jerusalem
- Jezebel of Thyatira
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5. Beast and False Prophet judged (Rev. 19:20)

- (implied) judgment on Sardis
6. Satan judged (Rev. 20:2&10)

- Satan bound is open door for Philadelphia
7. Death and Hades judged (Rev. 20:14)

- at the last judgment, all that is left to be dealt with is humanity
- Laodicea: make your peace with Jesus
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LECTURE #027 – THE HEAVENLY TEMPLE – REVELATION 4:1-3
Revelation 4 & 5
A. The Heavenly Temple (Rev. 4)
1. The Throne (Chariot) N
Ezekiel 1 Eagle
W E
Ox Chariot Lion
S
Ezekiel 10 Man
Revelation 4
Table
2. The Furniture
Incense
Throne Lamp Sea Altar
on
Heaven Earth
3. The Throne Replicated in the Furniture

Eagle
Bull Lion
Lion Eagle
Bull
Man
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LECTURE #028 – THE HEAVENLY LEVITES – REVELATION 4:4
4. The Altar of Incense
Exodus 28 (revisited)
Reuben Ruby / Red Carnelian / Sardius red

Simeon Topaz yellow
Levi Emerald green
Judah Dark Jasper dark red

Dan Saphire blue
Naphtali Diamond clear
Gad Jacinth Hyacinth (light purple)

Asher Agate White & brown striped
Issachar Amethyst purple
Zebulun Turquoise greenish blue

Joseph Onyx black
Benjamin Jasper any color
Compare Revelation 7.
a. Throne as Jasper-Sardius
b. The Emerald Rainbow
Exodus 32
Numbers 2-3
Numbers 16-18
1 Chronicles 24-25
When was the incense offered?

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LECTURE #029 – AT THE THRONE – REVELATION 4:3-5
5. The Lampstand
6. The Bronze Sea
2 Chronicles 6:13
Spirit between water and throne: Gen. 1:2
7. The Table of Facebread
8. Exposition
v. 1-2
the door
comparison to first "in Spirit" vision (from C. E. Douglas, New Light on the Revelation of St. John
the Divine, 1923) See next page.
vv. 3-5a
A. And He who was sitting was like a jasper stone and a sardius in appearance.
B. And there was a rainbow around the throne, like an emerald in appearance.
B’. .And around the throne were 24 thrones, and upon the thrones 24 elders sitting, clothed in white
garments and golden crowns on their heads.
A. .And from the throne proceed flashes of lightning and sounds and peals of thunder .
1. He - God the Father
2. Jasper - clear, Rev. 2l:11
3. Sardius - red
4. Rainbow
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A. Rev. 1:10 C. Rev. 17:3

B. Rev. 4:2 D. Rev. 21:10
1. CONDITION or VISION. 1. CONDITION OF VISION.

A. “I was in the Spirit”. C. “He carried me away in the Spirit."
B. “I was in the Spirit”. D. “He carried me away in the Spirit."
2. INTRODUCTION BY - 2. INTRODUCTION BY-

A. “A great voice as of a trumpet.” C. “One of the seven angels who had the seven
B. “The first voice which I heard as of a trumpet”. bowls."
D. “One of the seven angels who had the seven
bowls who were laden with the seven last plagues."
3. PLACE. 3. PLACE.
A. Behind the seer. C. In a wilderness.
B. In front of the seer. D. On a mountain great and high.
4. PRINCIPAL FIGURE. 4. PRINCIPAL FIGURE.

A. A single Male figure in motion (21) with seven C. A single Female figure seated.
stars in his right hand. D. A single Female figure in motion".
B. A single Male figure seated with a book having
seven seals in his right hand.
5. SCENE. 5. SCENE.
A. On earth. C. On earth.
B. In heaven. D. From Heaven.
6. SETTING. 6. SETTING.
A. The seven lampstands, representing seven C. A dress of splendid materials, namely, gold,
ecclesiae. precious stones and pearls, besides purple and
B. (i) Seven Lamps representing “the seven scarlet fabrics.
Spirits of God,” i.e., the sum total of Divine activity in D. A dress (212) of splendid materials, namely,
things created. (ii) A Circle of twenty-four Elders. gold, precious stones and pearls. The only textile
mentioned, however, is fine linen (198), which the
harlot does not wear, though it is provided for her
(1812).
7. MESSAGE. 7. MESSAGE.
A. A spoken message, which takes the form of C. A Spoken message in direct explanation of the
the concentrated essence or O. T. prophecy, seated woman and her future.
arranged in seven oracles conforming strictly to D. A visual message in direct development of the
an ordered plan. nature and function of the city.
B. A visual message, which takes the form of the
sum of O. T. vision mixed with elements from
another source, arranged in two series or seven
portents up to the proclamation or the Kingdom in
chapter II.
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4. Rainbow
5. Emerald
6. 24 thrones
7. 24 elders
8. White garments
9. Golden crowns
10. Lightning
11. Voices, Ex. 19:16
John 12:29
12. These three are manifestation of Throne in heaven
Trumpets: Rev. 8:5 – Throne extends to earth as earthquake; cf. Acts 2:2,6; 4:31
Rev. 11:13
Bowls: Rev. 11:19 – Throne adds hailstones (anticipates
Rev. 16:18 – Throne, earthquake, hailstones (v. 21)
Jesus: Matt. 28:3 + Rev. 11:1-3

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LECTURE #030 – WORSHIP IN HEAVEN – REVELATION 4:6-10
vv. 5b-6a
the Seven Spirits
lamps - still nighttime
sea of glass, like crystal
all creation clearly seen from Throne
Ezk.1:22
pre-Pentecostal; Rev. 15:2
barrier between God and man
becomes enclosure of Church, Rev. 21:18,21
vv. 6b-8a
full of eyes
in front and behind, around and within
watch all creation from position in heaven
when visit earth, eyes id wheels, Ezk. 1:18; 10:2
correlate with eyes of the Spirit, Rev. 5: 6
eyes judge, eyelids try, the sons of men: work of cherubim
four creatures
in Ezekiel, four faces on each
like a lion
like a bull (calf not necessary young bull)
face of a man
in New Covenant, man-face supersedes animal faces
flying eagle
flying in mid-heaven important in Revelation
six wings
in Ezekiel, four wings

63
Seraphim
wings produce stars
Hymns of Response to the Throne

1. The Hymn of the Living Creatures (8b)
Praise of God as He is in Himself
2. The Response of the 24 Elders (9-11)
Praise of God as Creator
"thanks" becomes "power"
Additional note on the 24 elders:

The 24 archangels appear specifically in Revelation as follows:
1. The two strong angels of

a. 5:2, a priestly guardian.
b. 18:21 a kingly administrator.
2. The four corner angels of 7:1&2 and 9:14&15 (kingly administrators).
4. The seven trumpet angels.
5. The seven bowl angels, including:
a. The prophetic angel.
b. The water angel of 16:5.
c. The solar angel of 19:17.
6. The two herald angels of 14:8&9.
7. The calling angel of 14:15.
8. The reaping angel of 14:17&19.
The order:
5:2 Strong angel

7:1 Four corner angels
8:6 Seven Trumpet angels
14:8 Herald angel
14:9 Herald angel
14:15 Calling angel
14:17 Reaping angel
15:1 Seven Bowl angels
18:21 Strong angel
The pattern:
12 angels of the Book, the Word:
1 Strong angel, guards Book, 5:2

4 Corner angels, lead to Trumpets, 7:1-2, 9:14-15
7 Trumpet angels
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12 angels of action, the Sacrament:
4 Harvest angels, lead to Bowls, 14:8-9,15,17

7 Bowl angels
1 Strong angel, destroys Babylon, 18:21
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LECTURE #031 – THE COMING OF THE LAMB – REVELATION 5:1-7
THE SEER
I. After these things I looked,

And behold, a door open in heaven,
And the first voice that I had heard,
Like of a trumpet speaking with me,
Saying, "Come up here,
And I shall show you what must take place after these things."
THE THRONE:
II. Immediately I was in Spirit.
1. And behold, a Throne was standing in heaven,

And on the Throne, One sitting.
And He who was sitting: like a jasper stone and a sardius in appearance.
2. And a rainbow around the Throne,

Like an emerald in appearance;
3. And around the Throne 24 thrones,

And upon the thrones 24 elders sitting,
Clothed in white garments,
And golden crowns on their heads.
4. And from the Throne proceed flashes of

lightning,
and voices,
and thunders.
5. And seven lamps of fire burning before the Throne,

Which are the seven Spirits of God.
6. And before the Throne, as it were, a sea of glass like crystal;
7. And in the middle of the Throne,

And around the Throne:
Four living creatures,
Full of eyes in front and behind.
And the first creature, like a lion;
And the second creature, like a bull;
And the third creature having the face of a man;
And the fourth creature, like a flying eagle.
And the four living creatures,
Each one of them having six wings apiece,
Around and within are full of eyes.
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RESPONSE TO THE THRONE
III.l. And they have no rest day and night, saying:

"Holy, holy, holy,
The Lord God,
The Almighty,
Who was and who is and who Is to come."
2. And whenever the living creatures will give

glory,
and honor,
and thanks
To Him who sits on the throne
To Him who lives age after age.
The 24 elders will fall down
Before Him who sits on the throne,
And will worship Him who lives age after age.
And will cast their crowns before the throne, saying:
"Worthy are You,
Our Lord and our God,
To receive:
glory,
and honor,
and power;
For You created all things,
And because of Your will they existed,
And were created."
THE BOOK
IV. And I saw upon the right hand of Him who sat on the Throne,
A Book written inside and on the back,
Sealed up with seven seals.
RESPONSE TO THE BOOK
V. 1. And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice,

"Who is worthy to open the Book,
And to loose its seals?"
2. And no one in heaven,

Or on the land,
Or under the land,
Was able to open the Book,
Or to look into it.
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3. And I was weeping greatly,

Because no one was found worthy to open the Book,
Or to look into it.
4. And one of the elders says to me:

"Stop weeping.
Behold the Lion that is from the tribe of Judah,
The Root of David,
Has overcome so as to open the Book,
and its seven seals."
THE LAMB
VI. And I saw

In the midst of the Throne,
And of the four living creatures,
And in the midst of the elders,
A Lamb standing,
As if slain,
Having seven horns,
And seven eyes,
Which are the seven Spirits of God,
Sent out into all the land.
And He came,
And He took out or the right hand or Him who sat on the Throne.
RESPONSE TO THE LAMB
VII.3 And when He took the Book,

The four living creatures,
And the 24 elders,
Fell down before the Lamb,
Having each one a lyre,
And golden bowls full of incense,
Which are the prayers of the holy ones.
And they sing a new song, saying:
"Worthy are You to take the Book,
And to open its seals,
For You were slain,
And purchased for God with Your blood from every
tribe,
and tongue,
and people,
and nation.
And You have made them a kingdom,
And priests,
To our God,
And they reign upon the land."
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4. And I looked,
And I heard the voice of many angels around the Throne,
And the living creatures,
And the elders;
And the number of them was myriads of myriads,
And thousands of thousands,
Saying with a loud voice:
"Worthy is the Lamb,
Who was slain,
To receive
the power
and riches
and wisdom
and strength
and honor
and glory
and blessing. "
5. And every created thing

that is in heaven,
and on the land,
and under the land,
and on the sea,
Even all things in them,
I heard saying:
"To Him who sits on the Throne,
And to the Lamb,
the blessing
and the honor
and the glory
and the dominion
Age after age."
6. And the four living creatures kept saying, "Amen!"
7. And the elders fell down and worshipped.

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B. The Ascension (Rev. 5)
1. The Book (5:1)

sits on open hand: God offers, man rejects
scroll written on both sides
seven seals
2. Lamentations of Response to the Book (5:2-5)

strong angel guards the Book
no one able
in heaven
on the land
under the land
response of the Saints: lamentation
the Messiah
how He overcame, and how we should
3. The Lamb (5:6-7)

Throne - He has the authority of the Throne
living creatures - the Revelation is four-fold implementation of Throne
elders - He sends the 24 archangels to implement His rule
standing - resurrected
as if slain - slain, but now standing, still bearing marks of wounds
seven horns - fullness of power
seven eyes - Holy Spirit
sent forth, especially at Pentecost
came - yet already there

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LECTURE #032 – THE WORSHIP OF THE LAMB – REVELATION 5:8-14
4. Hymns of Response to the Lamb (5:8-14)

3. The Hymn of the Creatures and Elders (5:8-10)
all worship together
elders have lyres, the instrument of the Temple, established by David
elders have bowls of incense
new song - redemption
purchase with blood - Passover, creates new firstborn priesthood
tribe and tongue – Jew and Gentile
kingdom and priests
4. The Hymn of the Angels (5:11-12)

loud voice - how we should praise
sevenfold aspects of one ascription
this list bears a relationship to the seven attributes of Christ in 1:14-16
5. The Hymn of Al1 Creation (5:13)

four aspects of creation
compare the triple ascription to God
four ascriptions to God and the Lamb
6. The Amen of the Creatures (5: 14a)
7. The Response of the Elders (5:14b)

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LECTURE #033 – THE THREE BOOKS – REVELATION 5:2-4
Revelation 6 & 7: The Seven Seals
I. The Contents of the Book: Judgment on the Old Creation
The Three Heavenly Books:
A. The Book of Destiny
Psalm 139:16
Jude 4
B. The Book of Life
Exodus 32:32-33
Psalm 69:28
Psalm 87:6
Isaiah 4:3
Daniel 12:1
Luke 10:20
Philippians 4:3
Hebrews 12:23
Revelation 3:5
Revelation 13:8; 17:8
Revelation 20:12,15
Revelation 21:27
C. The Book of Judgment
Revelation 20:12
Daniel 7:10-14
Isaiah 65:6
Psalm 51:1,9
Colossians 2:14
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D. Formation of the Book of Judgment
Heaven and earth as witnesses
Deuteronomy 4:26; 30:19; 31:28; 32:1
Heaven as witness
Job 16:19
Earth as witness
Genesis 31:48,52
Joshua 22:27-28
Joshua 24:27
Tablets of Stone
Song of the Covenant as witness
Deuteronomy 31:19,21
The Covenant as witness
Deuteronomy 31:26
II. The Nature of the Seals
A. Restrain judgment until the proper time.
Romans 3:25
Acts 17:30
B. Judgment = reflex of blessing; seals also withheld blessing, the kingdom.
III. Seals as Pictures (See next page.)

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LECTURE #034 – THE SEALS – REVELATION 6:1
IV. Overview of the Seals
1. White horse - Christ could not be crowned or ride forth to conquer
2. Red horse - The wicked world was at peace; the gospel could not trouble it
3. Black horse - The wicked prospered; the righteous suffered.
4. Green horse - The wicked lived.
5. Saints under the altar - The saints were not vindicated.
6. The Day of Wrath - could not come.
7. Silence in heaven - This is how long the wait is, from God's perspective.
V. The Seals and Genesis 1
1. Withhold and display the judgment upon the Old Creation.
2. Follow the 4+3, earth + heaven pattern
Day 1 - the Throne - light - white - Lion - (Father)
Day 2 - the firmament - altar - fiery red - Ox - (Spirit)
Day 3 - bread, wine, oil plants - Humanity - (Daughter)
Day 4 - heavenly governors - death & underworld - Eagle - (Son)
Day 5 - swarms and hosts - host of saints wait - Spirit
Day 6 - humanity - judged and sealed - son
Day 7 - sabbath - silence before God - Father

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LECTURE #035 – THE WHITE AND RED HORSE RIDER – REVELATION 6:1-4
VI. The Seals as Pentecost
A. The Giving of the Law // Opening the Book. Initial giving of the covenant // final end of the
covenant.
B. Waving of two loaves, representing the formed covenant people; now judged (6:6).
VII. Where Judgment Begins
- Covenant made centrally with Israel, nation of priests; extended to gentiles.
- Thus, judgment begins with the Land.
VIII. Exposition
Riders = Christ; horses = church in her mission
A. The White Horse Rider (6:1-2)
1. Called by the Lion: rule.
voice of thunder = God the Father, John 12:28-29.
2. White is color of Diamond, Naphtali.
a. Naphtali is the Church in her purity
b. Naphtali's sign is Virgo, the Virgin
Deuteronomy 33:23
Luke 1:28
c. Naphtali is a doe set loose, Genesis 49:21
Judges 4:6
Judges 5:24
d. Saints given white stone, 2:17
e. Saints are pure virgins, 14:4
f. Bride-City is Jasper, clear as glass, 21:11,18
3. Christ rides to conquer
a. Therefore, the church also conquers
b. We are not called just to bear impotent witness

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4. Christ carries a bow
a. The Greater Jonathan
b. The Noahic covenant undone, Genesis 9:13
c. The Archer is the sign of Gad
Genesis 49:19
Deuteronomy 33:20-21
B. The Red Horse Rider (6:3-4)
1. Called by the Bull: sacrifice and fire on altar.
2. Red is the color of Sardius, Reuben; and Carbuncle, Judah.
a. Sardius is 'edom.
b. Red horses in Zechariah 1:8 & 6:2 is 'adam.
c. "Man” is 'adam.
d. Man is made of 'adamah, soil.
e. Peace is removed from the land.
f. Reuben's sign is the Man Pouring Water.
g. Judah, Reuben's replacement, led in the conquest of Canaan.
h. Judah's sign is the Lion.
3. Christ rides to remove peace and bring war.
a. Conquest of Canaan.
b. In the gospels: a sword to pit father against son, etc.
c. Christianity always brings initial distress and conflict.
4. Christ carries a great sword: the Word.

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LECTURE #036 – THE BLACK AND GREEN HORSE RIDER – REVELATION 6:5-8
C. The Black Horse Rider (6:5-6).
1. Called by the Man: Food for the Bride.
2. Black is the color of Onyx, Joseph.
a. Joseph replaced baker and cupbearer.
b. As baker, he fed the world, during a famine.
c. As cupbearer, he advised Pharaoh.
3. Christ rides to bring partial famine, judging the Bride.
a. The judgments are against the sacraments of the altar.
b. Good wheat and common barley are judged.
- bread represents humanity as such.
c. Wine and oil are untouched, at the command of the Father.
- oil represents the Spirit, and is always put with the bread offered to God.
- wine represents kingship and rule, associated with the Father.
d. Thus, the wicked are judged, while the saints are preserved.
4. Christ carries scales.
a. Scales would be used to measure wheat and barley.
b. The Scales are the sign of Asher.
- Asher enjoys good food, Genesis 49:20.
- Asher is blessed with oil, Deuteronomy 33:24.
5. The Church removes old bread, and brings oil to quicken new bread, and wine for rule
and prosperity.
- This follows the conflict that Christianity first brings.
6. Famine of bread forced Hebrews to go to Joseph and the gentiles.
7. Famine forced Elijah to go to gentile woman.
8. Here, famine is against the altar: no bread for altar worship, tough tantalizingly oil and
wine are still plentiful.
9. Must go to Greater Joseph, the Son of Joseph (Luke 4) to obtain bread.

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D. The Green Horse Rider (6:7-8).
1. Called by the Eagle: Judgment.
- Eagles pick out the eyes and feast on the carcasses.
2. Green is the color of Emerald, Levi.
1. Levi was stationed around the Tabernacle and Temple to kill would-be
encroachers.
2. They got this job by killing 3000 idolaters in Exodus 32.
3. Phinehas is the greatest Levite, Numbers 25.
4. Samuel hacked Agag to pieces, 1 Samuel 15:33.
5. The green horse administers Levitical punishment to unfaithful Jews, who

professed to serve Yahweh, but did not.
3. Christ is named “Death,” for He is the Great Levite.
4. Hades, the place of the dead, follows Him.
5. Only a fourth of the Land is destroyed. This provides hope for the rest.
6. Real death.
a. Previous judgments were symbolic:
- war between families because of the sword of the Word.
- "famine" of sacramental acceptance.
b. These judgments are literal, and four-fold, and in reverse order:
White horse "lion conquering and killing"

Red horse "war and death"
Black horse "famine"
Green horse "death"
Sword
Famine
Death
Wild beasts
Additional Note: Stones and Signs of the Tribes. Stones are in "birth order." Signs are in adjusted position
of tribes around Tabernacle. See Jordan, Behind the Scenes: Orientation in the Book of Revelation.
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Reuben Ruby/Red Camelian/Sardius Man Pouring Water

Simeon Topaz Goat
Levi Emerald Circumpolar Signs
Judah Dark Jasper Lion

Dan Sapphire Scorpion/Eagle
Naphtali Diamond Virgin
Gad Jacinth Archer

Asher Agate Scales
Issachar Amethyst Crab
Zebulun Turquoise Twins

Joseph Onyx Ephraim: Bull
Manasseh: Lamb
Benjamin Jasper Fish
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Star Chart
Eagle Scales Virgin

Dan Asher Naphtali
Lion
Judah
Fish Two Heroes
Benjamin Merari
Eagle Dragon
Beheader Lion Crab
& King Dragon Issachar
Gershon Throne
Lamb Two
Manassah Bull Temple Bears
Dragon Aaron
Man Dragon
Twins
Zebulun
Swan & Winged Horse
Kohath
Bull
Ephraim
Archer Goat Man

Gad Simeon Reuben
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LECTURE #037 – THE FIFTH SEAL – REVELATION 6:9-11
E. The Souls Under the Altar
1. Their situation: In Abraham's bosom.
2. Given white robe: made angels at Ascension.
4:4 - angelic garb: priests but not kings yet.
19:8,14; 20:4 - receive rule at beginning of millennium.
7:9,13-17 - what the seals have restrained. What John sees does not come into being
until the millennium.
Hebrews 11:40.
3. Under the Altar:
a. Because this is blood, must be the outer altar.
b. Leviticus 17:11.
c. Altar is Ezekiel 43:13-17.
d. Saints are parallel to innocent animals whose blood fills the gutter on the ground
around the Altar.
(1.) Abel slain near altar.
(2.) Zechariah slain near altar (Matthew 23:35; 2 Chron. 24:21)
e. The seven-fold sprinkled blood of the Sin Offering parallels the blood of the
saints, and is poured back on Jerusalem in seven bowls.
4. The Divine Avenger:
a. The Kinsman
b. The Psalms
5. History's Pattern:
From evangelism
to conflict
to suffering
to prayers for vengeance and relief
to the destruction of the wicked.
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LECTURE #038 – DECREATION – REVELATION 6:12-14
F. The Sixth Seal
.Part 1: The End of the Old Creation Begins (6: 12-17)
1. The Cosmos Unravels
1. Earthquake - stability of land removed
2. Sun -black (eclipse); sackcloth (death; mourning)
3. Moon -red (eclipse); blood (death of martyrs visible in sky before God)
4. Stars - rulers fall; fig tree = Israel; wind = coming of God
5. Firmament - no barrier between God and man; covenant-scroll rent
6. Mountains & Islands -Israel and Gentiles moved from dominion

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LECTURE #039 – JUDGMENT – REVELATION 6:15-17
2. Israel's Day of the Lord Arrives:
1. Kings of the Land (priests)

2. Great men (Rulers; Sanhedrin?)
3. Chiliarchs (Elders Over Thousands)
4. Rich
5. Strong
6. Slave
7. Free
3. Idolatrous Hope of the Wicked:
Al. Hid themselves among the caves

B1. AND AMONG THE ROCKS OF THE MOUNTAINS;
A2. And they said to the mountains
B2. And to the rocks:
B3. "Fall on us,
A3. "And hide us,
A4. "From the Face of Him who sits on the throne,
B4. " And from the wrath of the Lamb.
B5. "FOR THE GREAT DAY OF THEIR WRATH HAS COME,
A5. " And who is able to stand?"
A. Caves of the mountains implored to hide them from the face of God, before which all men must fail.
- not given the protection provided Moses and Elijah.
B. Rocks implored to fall on them, rather than they experience the wrath of the Lamb in the Day of wrath.
- prefer to be stoned than face Christ
Part 2: Judgment Halted While the Elect Are Sealed (7: 1-8)
1. Judgment halted
- four corners - a1tar-mountain top
- four winds - saint-army
- cosmos:
land - Israel
sea - Gentiles
tree (6:13 - sky) - Demonic host
- note: this is the Restrainer of 2 Thessalonians 2:6.

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LECTURE #040 – THE SEALING – REVELATION 7:1-3
2. The Sealing
- forehead
- high priest
- Ezekiel 9
- number: only Israel numbered, not mixed multitude
- not literal
- myth of the "ten lost tribes"
- the Sealer
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LECTURE #041 – THE SEALED – REVELATION 7:4-8
3. The Sealed:
a. The tribes listed.
Judah
Reuben
Gad
Asher
Naphtali
Manasseh
Simeon
Levi
Issachar
Zebulun
Joseph
Benjamin
b. Given the quadrilateral orientation in Revelation, perhaps four groups of threes. So, we try it
and see if anything meaningful results.
Judah
Reuben - Red - Red Horseman - Ox
Gad
Asher
Naphtali - White - White Horseman - Lion
Manasseh
Simeon
Levi - Green - Green Horseman – Eagle
Issachar
Zebulun
Joseph - Black - Black Horseman - Man
Benjamin
c. With 12,000 in each tribe, and given that Revelation is about the Great War , we are entitled
to set out the list as a war camp, analogous to Numbers 2. Reading clockwise in each
instance.
Bread & Wine Table

Black Stone/Horse
Man Face
Zebulun Joseph Benjamin
Manasseh Judah
Throne | White Stone/Horse | Lion Face | Naphtali Reuben | Ox Face | Red Stone/Horse | Altar
Asher Gad
Issachar Levi Simeon
Eagle Face
Green Stone/Horse
Lampstand
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d. There is a parallel between the four horsemen, the four winds of heaven (the saints), and the
four companies of Israel.
As these are armies of praise and petition, they face inward.
The order of praise is not the order of evangelism and conquest. Thus, ox precedes
lion, and eagle precedes man. This is the order of history also.
The Ox Host - red horse
Judah carbuncle Lion Praise

Reuben sardius Man See, a Son
Gad hyacinth Archer Good Fortune
Altar comes first. This is the Mosaic period: conquest and occupation. .
Lion and Archer are only warriors in zodiac.
Judah is named first; leads in war and praise. Judah is ruler.
Reuben is named unstable by Jacob. Moses says, "may Reuben live and not die, and may his men
not be few, " both references to military might.
Gad is a raider (Jacob), and a lion, ruler, leader (Moses).
The Lion Host - white horse
Asher agate Scales Happiness

Naphtali diamond Virgin Wrestling
Manasseh sapphire (from Dan) Lamb Forget Trouble
Throne comes second. Bride on throne here. Lioness. This is the Kingdom period: peace and
prosperity.
Wrestling (conquest) leads to happiness as troubles are forgotten.
Conquest: In Revelation, the Lamb (Manasseh) has overcome (5:5ff.)
Asher has royal food (Jacob), and is favored with oil and walks leisurely (Moses): so is the Christian
conquest of the world, for time is on our side.
Naphtali is a doe set loose who gives beautiful words (the means of conquest) (Jacob). He is blessed
by God and conquers south and sea (Moses).
Manasseh inherits Dan's place. Jacob says Dan will judge and be a serpent to his enemies. Important
because the Saint-army in the 6th Trumpet has serpent tails. Moses does not bless Dan. Moses
says Joseph will push with ox-horns, and drive the heathen to the ends of the earth.
The Eagle Host - green horse
Simeon topaz Goat Heard

Levi emerald Eagle (from Dan) Attached
Issachar amethyst Crab Wages
Lampstand comes third. This is the Cosmopolitan period: witness to the heathen.
God hears the cry of the saints, because He is attached to them, and He gives the wicked their
wages.
Goats, eagles, and crabs are scavengers; eat the dead bodies of the wicked after the batt1e.
Jacob denounces Simeon and Levi. Moses says nothing about Simeon.
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Moses blesses Levi for killing the wicked, and says that his incense will cause God to destroy his
enemies. Note that the rising incense in Revelation calls forth judgment upon the wicked.
Jacob says that Issachar is a willing laborer, who makes himself virtually into a slave in his hard
work. Moses says that Issachar will draw the heathen to God from the "sea. " This will offer
sacrifices, instead of being killed.
The Man Host - black horse
Zebulun turquoise Twins Honor

Joseph onyx Bull Added
Benjamin jasper Fish Son of the Right Hand
Table of Bread (and Wine) comes last. This is the New Creation.
God adds honor to the sons of His right hand.
The Twins, like the Fish, are associated with the sea (Acts 28: 11). The Bull is associated with the
land.
Jacob and Moses say Zebulun will locate at the seashore and be a safe-haven for the gentiles and
their ships.
Jacob and Moses say Joseph is a fruitful bough, giving much food, and blessed by God.
Jacob says Benjamin is a hungry wolf, devouring prey and dividing spoil (reverse, so to speak, of
Joseph). Moses says God gives security to Benjamin and carries him on His shoulders, like a
baby or a lamb.
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LECTURE #042 – THE TUNED LYRE – REVELATION 7:9-17
Part 3: The Worship of the Innumerable Multitude
1. The Multitude
- same or different from the 144,000?

- cannot be numbered
- tongues
- therefore, the "mixed multitude" of gentile converts
2. Their Position
- before the Throne and the Lamb - what will be when the restraint is lifted in AD 70.
- white robes (6:11), no crowns seen yet
- palms: Feast of Tabernacles
- they lead in worship (7:10-11)
- the angels standing around the Throne are specified as elders and living creatures.
3. Their Acclamation
“Salvation”:
Hosan-nah (“Save, we prithee!”) John 12:13
Now the salvation has been accomplished; God is praised for it.
Angelic response: lyres tuned anew?
5:12 5:12 upward in 7:12 21:8 21:8 upwards 22:15

fifths in fifths
Power Blessing Blessing Cowardly Abominable dogs

Riches Wisdom Glory Untrustworthy Sorcerers Sorcerers
Wisdom Glory Wisdom Abominable Untrustworthy
Might Riches Thanksgiving Murderers Immoral Immoral
Honor Honor Honor Immoral Cowardly
Glory Power Power Sorcerers Murderers Murderers
Blessing Might Might Idolaters Idolaters Idolaters
All liars All liars All liars
a. The human voice naturally rises a fifth from a low note, or drops a fourth from a high note.
Thus, one tunes upward in fifths from the last note in the list.
b. It seems that under human direction, the angels re-tune their lyres in fifths.
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c. The list of those excluded from God's kingdom is re-tuned and abridged after the revelation of
the holy city.
d. "Riches" is changed to "thanksgiving," possibly because God's riches, restrained by the seals,
have now been poured out, and thanks is given for them.
e. This type of thinking almost certainly lies behind the order of the weekdays:
Distance from Earth: Tuned in fifths: Germanic equivalents:
Moon Moon Moon's day

Mercury Mars Tir's day
Venus Mercury Wotan’s day
Sun Jupiter Thor's day
Mars Venus Freia's day
Jupiter Saturn Saturn's day
Saturn Sun Sun's day
1.) Mercury was originally considered closer to Earth because its faster motion put in on a
lower sphere.
2.) Tuning is from the earth upwards, by fifths.
f. Let us now put the original ascription next to the qualities of the original creation days:
power - light (from throne)

riches - firmament (altar)
wisdom - bread and wine plants (table)
might - astral rulers (lampstand)
honor - swarms (incense)
glory - humanity (priest) )
blessing -sabbath
g. If we tune this list, we get:
blessing - sabbath
wisdom - bread and wine plants (table)
glory - humanity (priest)
riches - firmament (altar)
honor - swarms (incense)
power - light (throne)
might - astral rulers
h. This list won't work, because the priest-Son must die and be resurrected to create the bread and
wine Bride of the table. Thus, the revised list will be:
blessing - sabbath (all is finished)

glory - Christ as priest
wisdom - Church as table
thanksgiving - firmament barrier removed and riches given
honor - prayer
power - rule
might - the Son is the lamp in the holy city
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i. We could go farther and consider these relations in connection with the seven qualities of Christ
in Revelation 1, the seven cities, the seven sections of Revelation, and other places where the
seven days of creation are in the background. But we won't.
4. Their Privileges
a. The angel expects John (and us) to know who they are.
b. The Great Tribulation
Revelation 6:12-17
Matthew 24:15-29
Daniel 12:1
Alternatives:
1). Tribulation is the destruction of Jerusalem.
2). Tribulation is the persecution of the saints.
c. They enjoy the new creation:
Day 1: "before the Throne" "serve day and night"
Day 2: "spread His tabernacle over them"
Day 3: "hunger and thirst no more"
Day 4: "neither shall the sun fall down on them"
Day 5: "Lamb in the center" of the cloud
Day 6: "springs of the water of life"
Day 7: "God will wipe away all tears"

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LECTURE #043 – WORSHIP IN REVELATION
G. The Seventh Seal

A. Silence in heaven: Singing stops
1. So that the Trumpets can be heard.
2. Therefore, so that the contents of the Book can be heard.
3. So that God is heard:
Habakkuk 2:19-20
Zephaniah 1:7
Zechariah 2:13
4. So that the prayers (incense) of the saints can be heard:
2 Chronicles 29:25-29
Revelation 6:11
Revelation 9: 17
B. For a half hour:
1. About the length of time of the incense offering (?).
2. Precursor to the Trumpets, or whole Trumpets period?
3. Why are we told this? Seems to be half of an Hour.
C. "Hours" in Revelation:
1. The hour of the ten Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar to AD 70, 17:12; about 105 years.
2. The hour of the whole witness of the First fruits Church, 9:15; almost 40 years.
3. The hour of testing, 3:10, = ten days, 2:10; the last few of the 40 years.
4a. The hour Christ comes to judge, 3:3, 14:7.
4b. The hour of Jerusalem's destruction, 18:10,17,19.
D. So, why do the Trumpets last only half an hour? My guess is that the Bowls are the other half hour.
Revelation 15.
E. Seven angels given seven trumpets: Breaking of seventh seal opens the Book.
1. Book is the 8th Letter.
2. Has same structure as other 7 letters:

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a. Address: To the angel of the church at X write....
Book is given to Jesus, the Supreme Angel
b. Revelation of Christ as Measure
Jesus as Lamb/Lion
c. Statement that Christ knows their works
Lamb has seven eyes
d. Praise and/or criticism
Judgments of seals and trumpets
e. Commands regarding what must be done
Saints sent forth to evangelize
f. Promise to come soon and set things right
Judgments of bowls
g. Exhortation to listen
Warning to read Revelation and not to add to it
h. Promise of reward to overcomers
The New Jerusalem

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LECTURE #044 – THE SEVENTH SEAL – REVELATION 8:1-5
Revelation 8-11: The Seven Trumpets
Initiation of the Trumpets: 8:3-5

Another Angel = Jesus
Altar = Altar of Incense
Golden censer -
Revelation 5: 8 - angels have bowls of incense prayers
Leviticus 16:11-14 - censer carries Aaron's prayers
Leviticus 16:15 - (implied) censer carries peoples' prayers
Revelation 8:3 - golden censer carries Jesus' prayers
Added to prayers - probably Revelation 6:9-10
Incense goes up to God - Spirit sent in response
Fire of the altar - the glory cloud of God, manifestation of the Spirit
Censer filled with fire - Jesus receives the Spirit
Sent to the Land - Pentecost
Fourfold manifestation
- extends Throne to earth (Revelation 4:5)
- Sinai manifestations: Law given on first Pentecost
Overview of the Trumpets

1. Against the Land (Jews)
2. Against the Sea (Gentiles)
3. Against the Springs (Priests)
4. Against the Stars (Kings)
5. Demonic host released (Principalities and Powers)
6. Heavenly host released (Church)
a. The Incense Army
b. John's Witness
c. The Two Witnesses
7. Christ is King; Satan cast down
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LECTURE #045 – TRUMPETS 1 & 2 – REVELATION 8:6-9
First Trumpet
1. Against the Land.
2. Hail and fire.
- Israel is now Egypt, Exodus 9:13-35
- Israel is now David's enemy, Psalm 18:7-15
- Hail: collapse of firmament, exposure to God’s Face?
- Fire: Holy Spirit
- Therefore, judgment (as always) double-edged
3. Mixed with blood.
- Whose? probably saints', analogous to first plague against Egypt
- Blood of martyrs has called for this judgment.
- Collected in heaven, now poured out so that it can call for vengeance.
4. Land, trees, grass.
- comes only after saints are sealed (7:3)
- 1/3 of Land = judgment on Jews.
- 1/3 of trees and grass = suffering also on saints (9:4)
- as in the first three plagues on Egypt
Second Trumpet
1. Against the Sea
2. Mountain burning with fire = altar (gospel)
3. 1/3 of sea becomes blood = gentile martyrs follow gospel; sea is sacrificed
4. 1/3 of sea creatures and ships = judgment on gentiles (people and cultures)
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LECTURE #046 – TRUMPETS 3 & 4 – REVELATION 8:10-12
Third Trumpet
1. Against the Sanctuary (rivers/springs of Eden)
2. Star = pastor, church ruler, angel (1:20)
- Satan or Holy Spirit
- fire is from altar (8:5)
- Compare 9:1 and 1:18 & 20:1
3. Wormwood = bitter and poisonous
- Exodus 15:22-26 reversed
- Jeremiah 9:15; 23:15
- Gospel as savor of death
Fourth Trumpet
1. Against the Rulers (sun, moon, stars)
2. Old Creation lights begin to dim; after AD 70, Christ is Light of the City
Summary of First Four Trumpets

1. Lion, throne - Jews as center of world
2. Ox, altar - Mountain cast into Sea
3. Man, table - Bitter (food and) drink for priests
4. Eagle, lampstand - Lights darkened
Day 1 - earth without form and empty

Day 2 - waters below the firmament ruined
Day 3 - dry land ruined by bitter water
Day 4 - heavenly lights darkened
Three Woes
1. Announced by eagle (part of fourth trumpet).
2. Eagle in mid-heaven (firmament); devours enemies in 19:17.
3. Invert three blessings of Genesis 1.
a. 5th day: God blesses swarms; here swarms bring curse.
b. 6th day: God blesses men; here men bring curses to men.
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c. 7th day: God blesses sabbath; here the sabbath is destruction.
4. Judgments against those on the land.

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LECTURE #047 – THE FIFTH TRUMPET (A) – REVELATION 8:13 – 9:12
Fifth Trumpet (9:1-11)
Preliminary: Joel 1-2
1. The Star from heaven:
a. Had already fallen to the land, therefore Wormwood, 8:10.
b. Is now given the key, cp. 1:18 & 20:1
c. Therefore, given the key by Jesus.
d. Therefore, Satan (correct earlier comments on Wormwood).

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LECTURE #048 – THE FIFTH TRUMPET (B) – REVELATION 9:1-11
2. The smoke of the abyss:
a. Image of fire and brimstone burning in furnace: lake of fire.
b. Anti-incense of hell arising.
c. Counterfeit glory-cloud of demonic locusts.
d. Antithesis of the heavenly court of Revelation 4-5.
e. Sun and air darkened: 9th Egyptian plague; cp. Joel 2:10.
3. Locust-scorpions:
a. 8th Egyptian plague.
b. Joel: Assyrian army.
c. Ezekiel 2:6.
4. Grass, green things, trees spared.
a. God's people set apart for last 7 Egyptian plagues (cp. 7:3; 8:7).
b. Only “Egyptians" affected (11:8).
5-6. Five months of seeking death:
a. Suffering as preparation for gospel (6th trumpet).
b. Genesis 7:24, duration of flood; cop. Gen. 7:11; 8:2.
c. Period from Pentecost to Trumpets, which is a1so the dry season when locusts might
come.
7-9. Description:
A. Like horses prepared for battle

B. Crowns like gold on their heads
C. Faces like faces of men
D. Hair like hair of women
C' Teeth like teeth of lions
B' Breastplates like breastplates of iron
A' Sound of wings like sound of chariots and horses rushing to battle
a. Compare the description of angels and cherubim in Revelation and Ezekiel:
(1) The demons are "like" the things they resemble, while the good angels actually
have golden crowns, animal faces, etc.
(2) "Like horses," contrast the army of the saints, cp. Joel 2:4.
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(3) "Like golden crowns," contrast crowns on angels' heads in Revelation 4-5.
(4) "Like men, like lions," contrast cherubim in Revelation 4-5, cp. Joel 1:6; 2:5.
(5) "Like women's hair," contrast Nazirite warriors of Revelation 14:4.
(6) "Like breastplates of iron," contrast 9:17, cp. Joel 2:5.
(7) "Like sound of chariots in wings," contrast Ezekiel 1:24; cp. Joel 2:5.
b. Chiasm brings out quality of demonic army:
(1) An army
(2) Equipped for rule and battle
(3) Ruling and advancing
(4) Dedicated soldiers
10. Power in the tail:
a. Power in the mouth seems to be positive, evangelistic.
b. So power in the tail seems to be negative, destructive.
11. Their king:
a. The Angel of the Abyss: temporary ruler of Torments.
b. Hebrew: Abaddon: "destruction.”
c. Greek: Apollyon: "destroyer."
d. Both languages of the Restoration Covenant used.
- Summary:
a. Demonic host was held back from directly afflicting Israel during Old Creation.
b. Demonic host allowed to afflict Israel in days of Jesus, to oppose Jesus.
c. Demonic host set free at Pentecost:
- mystery of Kingdom, Spirit sent down
- mystery of Iniquity, Satan sent down
d. Demonic host once again restrained in ad 70, dawn of millennium.
- Chiasm of the Fifth Trumpet:
A. Satan releases demons, 9:1-4

B. Scorpion power for five months, 9:5-6
C. Like horses prepared for battle, 9:7a
D. Crowns like gold on their heads, 9:7b
E. Faces like faces of men, 9:7c
F. Hair like hair of women, 9:8a
E' Teeth like teeth of lions, 9:8b
D' Breastplates like breastplates of iron. 9:9a
C' Sound of wings like sound of chariots and horses rushing to battle, 9:9b
B' Scorpion power for five months, 9:10
A’ Satan as ruler, 9:11
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LECTURE #049 – THE SIXTH TRUMPET – REVELATION 9:13-21
Sixth Trumpet (9:13 - 11:14)
Part I: The Saint Army (9:13-21)
- Simultaneous with the demonic army
- Grants the death desired by those afflicted by the demons
13. The Voice from the Golden Altar
a. Jesus, 8.3
b. Events that follow are from Pentecost, 8:4-5
14. The Four Bound Angels
a. From 7:1, command the "four winds," the saints.
b. Euphrates: boundary of the Holy Land.
c. God's army crosses it (16: 12) to invade Canaan.
15. Direct the “killing” of men
a. Evangelism, though gospel is also savor of death.
b. The afflicted took for "death.
16. God's army
a. Two myriads of myriads, Psalm 68:17.
b. Formed in Revelation 7? No, not same number.
c. Angelic. Horses are the saints, the church.
17. Description
a. Not "like," but reality. Righteous, not demonic.
b. Breastplates (on horses as well as angels?):
- fire: God’s fire of Pentecost.
- hyacinth; the smoky color of the priestly ,garments.
- hyacinth: the stone of Gad.
- Gad is Archer, White horse rider, conqueror.
- Gad is a lion, Deuteronomy 33:20-21.

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- hyacinth (leshem in Hebrew) related to word for “old lion” (layish).
- brimstone: gospel as savor of death to some.
c. Horse-heads like lions
- remind of Gad and Judah
d. Mouths breath forth same as breastplates:
- fire, Revelation 11:5
- smoke, incense.
- brimstone.
18. One-third "killed"
- the rest did not repent.
- therefore, these are killed by conversion.
- they are killed by ministry of the horses' mouths:
gospel fire
incense prayer
brimstone threats
19. Power of the Church
- heads: gospel witness
- tail: judgments and destruction (cp. Ananias & Sapphira, Simon Magus, etc.)
20-21. Impenitence of the Unconverted
- reference is to the Jews, for Canaan is being invaded.
- work of hands = worship of demons = worship of idols of gold, silver, bronze, stone, and
wood = the Temple
- murders = killing of the saints, Stephen and the saints under the altar , all those from Abel
to Zechariah
- sorceries = false religion of Jerusalem, 18:23
- immorality = whoredom of Jerusalem, 17:2,5.
- thefts = Revelation 13;17, and Matthew 23:14, etc.
- Summary:
a. Under angelic guidance, the horses of the Church ministered in the firstfruits era.
b. The ministry consisted of proclamation of the kingdom, warnings of hell, and prayer.
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c. Death-deliverance by conversion was granted to many oppressed by demons during this

period.
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LECTURE #050 – EXCURSUS: DANIEL 10 – 12 – REVELATION 10
(NO OUTLINE)
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LECTURE #051 – FROM DICTATION TO INSPIRATION – REVELATION 10
Excursus: Ezekiel and Revelation
I. Ezekiel:
A. The Archetype: Glory Cloud & commissioning of Ezekiel, ch. 1-3.
B. Judgment on and scattering of Jerusalem, ch. 4-5.
C. Dry bones on the mountains, ch. 6- 7.
D. Vision of Jerusalem's destruction, ch. 8-11.
E. Oracles against Israel, ch. 12-24.
E'. Oracles against the nations, ch. 25-32.
1. Ammon
2. Moab
3. Edom
4. Philistia
5. Tyre (7 oracles, ch. 26-28)
6. Sidon
7. Egypt (7 oracles, ch. 29-32)
D'. Vision of Israel’s renewal, ch. 33-35.
C’. Dry bones on the mountains live, ch. 36-37.
B’. Vindication of Jerusalem against Gog, ch. 38-39.
A'. The Ectype: The Visionary Altar, Temple, City, Land.
a. Courts, walls, gates, guards, doors, ch. 40-41.
b. Chambers, ch. 42.
c. Yahweh’s return; altar-hearth 1it, ch. 43.
d. Priest-servants, dwellings, maintenance, work, ch. 44-40.
c'. Cleansing outflow of reestablished worship, ch. 47.
b'. Division of the land, ch.47b-48a.
a'. Gates of the city, ch. 48b.

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LECTURE #052 – EZEKIEL & REVELATION – REVELATION 10
Excursus: Ezekiel and Revelation (Continued)
I. Ezekiel:
A. The Archetype: Glory Cloud & commissioning of Ezekiel, ch. 1-3.
B. Judgment on and scattering of Jerusalem, ch. 4-5.
C. Dry bones on the mountains, ch. 6- 7.
D. Vision of Jerusalem's destruction, ch. 8-11.
E. Oracles against Israel, ch. 12-24.
E' Oracles against the nations, ch. 25-32.
1. Ammon
2. Moab
3. Edom
4. Philistia
5. Tyre (7 oracles, ch. 26-28)
6. Sidon
7. Egypt (7 oracles, ch. 29-32)
D' Vision of Israel’s renewal, ch. 33-35.
C’ Dry bones on the mountains live, ch. 36-37.
B’ Vindication of Jerusalem against Gog, ch. 38-39.
A' The Ectype: The Visionary Altar, Temple, City, Land.
a. Courts, walls, gates, guards, doors, ch. 40-41.
b. Chambers, ch. 42.
c. Yahweh’s return; altar-hearth 1it, ch. 43.
d. Priest-servants, dwellings, maintenance, work, ch. 44-40.
c'. Cleansing outflow of reestablished worship, ch. 47.
b'. Division of the land, ch.47b-48a.
a'. Gates of the city, ch. 48b.

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II. Ezekiel & Revelation:

A. The Archetype
Glory Cloud Son of Man
B. The Commission
Ezekiel: Son of Man John
C. The Addressees
The Exiles The Seven Churches
D. The Message: Don't look back to Old Jerusalem, but forward to New Jerusalem
E. The Examples:
Jerusalem and the Nations Babylon and the Beast
F. The Victory:
Return to the Land The Millennium
G. The Final Conflict:
Gog & Magog (Esther) Gog & Magog (Satan loosed)
H. The Ectype:
The Restoration Temple & Land The New Jerusalem

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LECTURE #053 – ZECHARIAH’S NIGHT VISIONS, PART 1 – REVELATION 10 – 11
Excursus: Zechariah's Night Visions
Sunset
A. Vision 1: Zech. 1:7-17- sunset/rainbow colored horses; the host of Yahweh of hosts. The Four Winds of
Heaven ready but not yet moving out.
B. Vision 2: Zech. 1:18-21- altars, true and false. False Babylonish altar scattered Israel, as at
tower.
C. Vision 3: Zech. 2 -God dwells in their midst. Spiritual Jerusalem is spread wherever
God's people are spread as the Four Winds of Heaven, but they must flee spiritual
Babylon, though they remain among the nations as witnesses.
D. Vision 4: Zech. 3 -Priest restored: the head of the nation. Passover.
Midnight
D'. Vision 5. Zech. 4- Temple (people) restored; messianic anointing power flows out
from the two prophets.
C'. Vision 6. Zech. 5: 1-4 -God's judgment dwells in their midst, destroying with house
leprosy those who follow the principles of spiritual Babylon: false worship and theft.
Jesus pronounced this of the Temple in His day, identifying Jewry with spiritual Babylon.
B'. Vision 7. Zech. 5:5-11- Temples true and false. Erection of true worship will visibly separate
spiritual Babylon from spiritual Jerusalem.
A'. Vision 8. Zech. 6: 1-8 -sunrise/rainbow colored horses, the Four Winds of Heaven, now ready to move
out in a mission of conquest/conversion.
Sunrise
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Excursus: Zechariah's Night Visions (Continued)
Sunset
A. Vision 1: Zech. 1:7-17- sunset/rainbow colored horses; the host of Yahweh of hosts. The Four Winds of
Heaven ready but not yet moving out.
B. Vision 2: Zech. 1:18-21- altars, true and false. False Babylonish altar scattered Israel, as at
tower.
C. Vision 3: Zech. 2 -God dwells in their midst. Spiritual Jerusalem is spread wherever
God's people are spread as the Four Winds of Heaven, but they must flee spiritual
Babylon, though they remain among the nations as witnesses.
D. Vision 4: Zech. 3 -Priest restored: the head of the nation. Passover.
Midnight
D'. Vision 5. Zech. 4- Temple (people) restored; messianic anointing power flows out
from the two prophets.
C'. Vision 6. Zech. 5: 1-4 -God's judgment dwells in their midst, destroying with house
leprosy those who follow the principles of spiritual Babylon: false worship and theft.
Jesus pronounced this of the Temple in His day, identifying Jewry with spiritual Babylon.
B'. Vision 7. Zech. 5:5-11- Temples true and false. Erection of true worship will visibly separate
spiritual Babylon from spiritual Jerusalem.
A'. Vision 8. Zech. 6: 1-8 -sunrise/rainbow colored horses, the Four Winds of Heaven, now ready to move
out in a mission of conquest/conversion.
Sunrise
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Creation Days in Zechariah 1-6
Day 1: "I saw at night, and behold" (Zech. 1:8).

Yahweh and His host, among myrtles, by (not “in”) the deep.
Spirit of God over the face of the deep.
Preparation for action.
Day 2: "And I lifted up my eyes, and looked, and behold" (Zech. 1:18).
Old altar torn down; new altar being erected.
Firmament platform over the world.
Day 3a: "And I lifted up my eyes, and looked, and behold" (Zech. 2:1).
Separation of God's people from the world system.
Separation of land from the sea.
God's glory in and around His people.
Day 3b: "Then he showed me" (Zech. 3:1).

Grain and fruit plants on the land.
Atonement restores priesthood: vine and fig tree (tabernacles) ensue.
Uncleanness removed.
Note salvation on the third "day."
Day 4: "The angel returned, roused me as from sleep, and said, 'What
do you see?'... I see, and behold" (Zech. 4:1-2).
Lampstand.
Sun, moon, and stars.
Day 5: "And I lifted up my eyes again, and looked, and behold" (Zech. 5:1).
"Leprosy" (anti-glory) uncleanness on the houses of secret sinners.
Swarms of birds and fish: glory clouds.
Parallel houses of Israelites gathered around God.
Parallel Feast of Tabernacles (vine & fig tree; 3:10).
Day 6: "Lift up now your eyes, and see" (Zech. 5:5).

Evil woman in ephah given temple in Shinar.
Humanity set in Garden of Eden.
Day 7: "And I lifted up my eyes again, and looked, and behold" (Zech. 6:1)
Horses & chariots ride forth and cause God's Spirit to rest in the North.
Sabbath rest.
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1 Kings 6, Zechariah 4, and Revelation 11:3
Olive / Olive /
Cherub / Cherub /
Prophet Prophet
Tree Tree
Kingly conduit Priestly conduit
Witness of God’s people
Church (lampstand)
TREE OF AUTHORITY TREE OF LIFE

Kingly Priestly
Elijah (kings) Moses (priestly)
Zechariah Haggai
Zerubbabel Jeshua
Cherubim-fire (golden oil) (kill people) Turn water to blood (call down Avenger)
Shut up the sky (national judgment) Smite land with plagues (declare unclean)
Old Creation: Gold fire-oil proceeds from angels (cherubim olive trees) through prophets, through kings
and priests, to Israel, to enflame Israel's witness.
New Creation: Gold fire-oil is possessed by saints (new cherubim olive trees), who are prophets, and who
as prophets bear kingly and priestly witness.
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LECTURE #057 – OVERVIEW OF REVELATION 10 – 11
Trumpet 6: Overview
I. The Invasion of the Gospel Army From the Euphrates (9:13-21).
A. Christ summons the army (9:13-14)

B. Army rides forth to war (9:15-19)
C. Those not defeated continue in sin (9:20-21)
II. The Little Scroll (10:1 – 11:2)
A. Christ descends with little scroll and shouts (10:1-3a)

B. Seven Thunders reply with words (10:3b)
C. John forbidden to copy their words (10:4)
D. Jesus swears that God's mystery is about to be completed (10:5-7)
E. John eats the little scroll (10: 8-11)
F. John measures the Church (11:1-2)
III. The Two witnesses (11:3-13)
A. Christ gives authority to the two witnesses (11:3-4)

B. Christ describes their work (11:5-6)
C. Christ describes their death and resurrection (11:7-12)
D. Partial harvest of the Church (11:13)
Parallels;
A. Christ initiates each parallel action.
B. Three actions:
1. Primarily angelic army of gospel
2. Angel-thunders pass words to John
3. Human testimony of the Church (two witnesses)
C. Three effects:
1. Many "killed"; the rest don't repent
2. John's preaching seals the Church
3. Witnesses are slain and a tithe of the Church is claimed by God.
The Little Book:

A. Christ roars as He reads from the Little Book, but His voice is transcendent.
B. The Seven Thunder-angels reply and turn His roar into words.
C. John does not write, but eats these words.
D. Effect of John's prophesying the Little Book: sealing of the Church.
E. Content of the Little Book: the essential message of Revelation, which strengthens the Church in
her last conflict with the Beast from the Abyss, which is shortly to break out.
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LECTURE #058 – EZEKIEL 8 – 11 - REVELATION 10 – 11
The Little Book and Ezekiel 8-11
A. GLORY RAPTURES EZEKIEL, AND SHOWS HIM THE SINS OF JERUSALEM (EZK. 8).
B. The righteous are sealed, and then the city is destroyed by the sword (Ezk. 9).
Discipline: the acts of persons
Revelation 7: the saints sealed.
C. The city is destroyed by God's altar fire (Ezk. 10).
Sacrament: the acts of the Spirit
Revelation 8: Pentecostal altar-fire cast to earth, but this fire has a dual effect.
D. The city is destroyed by Ezekiel's preaching (Ezk. 11)
Word: the acts of the “Son of Man”
Revelation 10: John given the little book to preach, but in terms of the city:
1. God's people are protected in Him, while their outward lives are trampled (11:1-2)
2. The counterfeit city persecutes God's people (11:8-9)
3. God takes a tithe of His city, and the rest of God's city praises Him (11:13)
a. These people are numbered, therefore saints.
b. 7000 did not bow the knee to Baal (1 Ki. 19: 18)
c. 7000 is the number of faithful Israel at that time (Rom. 11:4)
d. They are named (2:17; 3:4-5,12)
4. The counterfeit city is utterly destroyed (ch. 17-18)
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Trumpet 6, Part II: The Little Scroll (chapter 10)
And I saw Another Angel, a Strong One, coming down out of heaven,
Clothed with a cloud,

And a rainbow on the head,
And His face like the sun,

And His feet like pillars of fire,
And He had in His hand a little scroll open,
And He placed His right foot on the sea and the left on the land,
And He cried with a loud voice, as a lion roars.
Rev. 10 Rev. 1
Clothed with a cloud, Clothed in a robe reaching to His feet

And a rainbow on the head, Girded across His breasts with a golden girdle
Head and hair like white wool & snow

Face like the sun, Eyes like a flame of fire
Feet like pillars of fire Feet like burnished bronze
In His hand a little scroll open, Voice like the sound of many waters
Placed His right foot on the sea and the left on the land, In His right hand seven stars
Cried with a loud voice, as a lion roars. Out of His mouth a sharp two-edged sword
Face like the sun shining in strength
Revelation 21:22- Christ is the Tabernacle / Temple

1. Clothed with cloud =
2. Rainbow on head =
3. Face like sun =
4. Feet like pillars of fire =
5. Litt1e scroll =
v. 2 - book open = He reads from it when He roars
v. 3 - lion roars
1. lion initiates series (6:1)
2. saints as lions (9:17; 11:5)
3. Lion of Judah (5:5)

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v. 3 - seven thunders
- another angelic seven
- contents of the Little Scroll
v. 4 -
- John told not to write; instead he will eat Little Scroll
- sealed, but only as specifically from the seven thunders
- Rev. 22: 10, not sealed as written by John
The Seven Thunders or Great Voice Events (10:3)
1. 11:12-13 - Witnesses called up to heaven; earthquake.

Day 1: heaven and earth
2. 12:10-12 - Fullness of the kingdom announced.

Day 2: purification of the firmament?
3. 14:6, 9, 15, 18 - Harvest of First fruits Church.

Day 3: fruit and grain.
4. 16:1&17 - Bowls end Old Creation.

Day 4: heavenly rulers pour out wrath.
5. 18:2 - Fall of Babylon, place of unclean birds.

Day 5: creation of birds.
6. 19:17 - Destruction of Beasts and Kings.

Day 6: creation of beasts and men.
7. 21:3 - Tabernacle of God among men.

Day 7: sabbath.
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LECTURE #060 – HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE NEW TESTAMENT ERA (INTERLUDE)
Interlude: Survey of New Testament History

Period I: Pentecost to the Death of Stephen (Jerusalem Period)
AD 30 Spring to AD 30 Fall
Beginning: Pentecost
Leaders: Peter & John
Writings: Matthew
Satan: Cast down; attempts to silence the Church (Rev. 12:13)
End: Death of Stephen; Paul goes forth to destroy Church; Church scatters
Period II: Scattering from Jerusalem to Death of James (Judea & Samaria Period)
AD 30 Fall to AD 44
Beginning: Conversion of Paul
Leaders: Peter James & John
Writings: James & Mark
Satan: Bound by conversion of Paul; period of peace for the Church (Acts 9:31, Rev. 12:14)
End: Death of James; "death & resurrection" of Peter; Paul becomes leader (Acts 12)
Period III: The Judaizing Conflict, to end of Acts (Hellenistic Oikumene Period)
AD 44 to AD 60 (approx.)
Beginning: Peter moves off stage; James the Lord's brother takes over Jerusalem Church, Paul
becomes leader of Gentile mission. Antioch becomes center.
Leader: Paul
Writings: Luke, Acts, most of Paul's letters, including Hebrews; 1 Peter (?)
End: Paul casts off the Jews (Acts 28:25-28)
Satan: Loosed to attack Church by means of false doctrine (Rev. 12:15-16; Rev. 9)
Period IV: Defeat of Judaizers to Persecution of Nero (Hellenistic Oikumene Period)
AD 60 to AD 64 Summer
Beginning: Satan returned to the abyss (Rev. 17:8)
Leader: John
Writings: 2 Peter, John, Revelation, John's letters, Paul's pastoral letters
End: Completion of the creation of the Church
Satan: back in the abyss for a season
Period V: Deception of the Nations to Victory of Christ (Roman Beast Period)
AD 64 to AD 70
Beginning: Satan released from abyss (Rev. 17:8)
Leaders: The Two Witnesses
Writings: Jude (the predicted apostasy has happened)
End: Satan bound (Rev. 20)
Satan: Deceives nations for a brief time
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LECTURE #061 – NO MORE DELAY – REVELATION 10:5-6
vv. 5-6 - cp. Daniel 12:7
- Dan. 12:7 both hands; here right hand only

Book in left hand
Right hand of priest bloodied (Lev. 8)
“Put left hand on the Bible, and raise your right hand. Do you swear…”
- Dan. 12:7 above waters; here feet on land and sea
- Rev. 10:6 adds that God is creator
- Dan. 12:7 delay; here no more delay
v. 7 - completion of the mystery of God
- Rev. 11:15-19
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LECTURE #062 – THE MYSTERY OF GOD, PART 1 – REVELATION 10:7
The Mystery of the Kingdom
A. Proclaimed to the prophets:
1. Not something brand new, completely hidden before.
2. Rather, now revealed fully, and to all humanity.
B. Before the coming of the Holy Spirit:
- Parables of the Kingdom (Mt. 13:11; Mk. 4:11; Lk. 8:10)
C. Holy Spirit reveals Mystery:
Romans 16:25-27 – now to all nations equally
1 Corinthians 2:6-10 – the depths of God
Ephesians 1:8-10 – everything repositioned from Adam to Christ
Ephesians 3:1-10 – one body in Christ, not Adam
Ephesians 5:32 – married to Christ: eschatological fulfillment
Colossians 1:25-27 – reveals hidden Word
a. hidden in Tabernacle (cp. Rev. 11:19)
b. hidden in Hebrew tongue; now in all tongues.

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LECTURE #063 – THE MYSTERY OF GOD, PART 2 – REVELATION 10:7
Colossians 2:2-3 - mystery is in Christ
- John 1: Christ is the incarnate Tabernacle
2 Thessalonians 2:7 - the anti-mystery of the anti-kingdom
Zechariah 5
Revelation 17:5&7
D. Essence of the Mystery: God With Us
Aaron's Rod: man glorified as Elder after the Father
Everyone wants glory, praise, status, position, name, importance.

Everyone wants to be noticed, listened to.
The Law: man given all wisdom to rule as Son after the Son
Everyone wants knowledge. This becomes clear the instant we realize we don't know something
that we need to know.
The Manna: man given all life and power by the Spirit
Everyone wants life and power. This becomes clear the instant we become sick.
E. Completion of the Mystery:
1. Completion of the creation of the New Body, new glorious humanity in Christ.
2. Completion of the Scriptures, full revelation of the Word
3. Romans 11:25 - final harvest of Israel, first fruits of the Spirit.

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LECTURE #064 – THE INSPECTION – REVELATION 10:8-10
v.8
book open - thus same content as Jesus' roar (vv. 2-3)
sea & land -applies to Gentile and Jew
vv. 9-10
honey - sign of Kingdom
bitter - test of Bride
Numbers 5:18-19,23-24,27
Proverbs 5:4
Lamentations 3: 15
Passover: Exodus 12:8; Numbers 9:11
Ruth 1
Mary the mother of Jesus
Revelation 8:11
Ezekiel 3:3&14
v. 11 - John to test Jew and Gentile through the Word
Revelation 11: 1-13
"they" said - in context, the 7 thunders

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LECTURE #065 – THE MEASURER – REVELATION 10:11 – 11:2
Measuring the Sanctuary

11:1-2 - transition between 2nd and 3rd parts of 6th trumpet (see p. 96).
- measuring reed: EzekieI40:3ff.
- temple = holy of holies and holy place.
naos = Temple proper

hieron = entire Temple complex
- ALTAR = IN REVELATION, ALWAYS THE ALTAR OF INCENSE (PRAYER)
- “those who worship in it”
- not literally "in” - only two priests served at Incense Altar at a time.
- symbolically: Temple = church; all saints are now priests
- The three are equivalent; better translation: "Rise and measure God's temple, that is, the [incense]
altar; that is, those who worship in it. "
- the measured assembly = 144,000.
- Temple = image of the heavenlies
Holy Place = firmament heavens

Holy of Holies = highest heavens
Altar = ladder between the two (Jesus)
Incense = angels (church) ascending and descending on the Son of Man
- those who pray through Christ, in Jesus' name, are the Temple.
- court = earthly dimension of the Church
- unmeasured = bodies and outer lives of the saints are not the place where security is lodged.
- application: v. 4 (heavenly position); vv. 7-8 (earthly tribulation)
- given to nations for 42 months = Rev. 13:5.
- AD 64 (end), 65, 66, 67, 68 (beginning)
- climax of "time, times, and 1/2 time" Daniel 12:7.
- same as Daniel 7:25 -Land Beast (Little Horn) oppresses saints.
- Luke 21:24
- Romans 11:25
- treading - in general, dominion (Josh. 1:3; 5:15; 6:3-4)
Rev. 14:20 - martyrdom

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Rev. 19:15 - Jesus controls our suffering
- holy city = Church; contrast "great city" (v. 8)

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LECTURE #066 – THE TWO WITNESSES – REVELATION 11:3-4
The Two Witnesses

A. Don't look for two particular people; rather, "testimony of two witnesses.
B. Martyrdom or the witnesses is parallel to martyrdom of 144,000 in chapter 14. Both come at the end of
the 6th trumpet.
C. Symbolic structure:
Elijah Moses
Power over fire Water to blood
no rain earth plagues
Fire – Sodom Blood - Egypt
Kingly period Priestly period
Trumpets Bowls
Kingly judgment first Priestly judgment final
D. Exposition
v. 3
- 1260 days = 42 months of Neronic and Jewish persecution.
- sackcloth – black, rough cloth
- man as light; darkening of radiant white garments (Eccl. 9:8)
- mourning, repentance, death
- Isaiah 20:2 - prophets warning Israel of doom
- Revelation 6:12 - darkening of firmament
v. 4
- two olive trees = cherubim in Holy of Holies
- In Zechariah 4:
two olives = angelic cherubim
two clusters = prophets Haggai & Zechariah
two pipes = priest and king
one lampstand & 49 lamps = witness of Israel
golden oil = flaming sword of Spirit
- now the Church is the cherubim, the olive trees (Acts 2)
- two lampstands, not just one
- not two people but the two-witnessing church (Rev. 1:20)
- wearing sackcloth: darkened

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- stand before the Lord of the land - Jewish focus
vv. 5-6
A. Elijah: fire consumes enemies

A' Moses: in this manner enemies must be killed
B. Elijah: shut up the sky
C. Moses: turn water to blood
D. Moses: smite the land with plagues
Note:
Heaven above (B)
Earth beneath (D)
Waters under the earth (C)
A. Fire from mouth devours enemies
- from mouth, Rev. 9:17
- 2 Kings 1 (Ahaziah // Jews)
- 1 Kings 18:38
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LECTURE #067 – PLAGUES – REVELATION 11:5-6
A. In this manner he must be killed
- Numbers 16 – as a sign
- Leviticus 10:1-2 - fire from cherubim (olive trees)
- Sodom: fire from heaven
B. Shut up the sky
- Luke 4:25 = 3 ½ years
- firmament becomes impermeable
- rain = blessings from heaven
- increasing distress of Jews during this time, provokes revolt against Rome
C. Turn waters to blood
- first Egyptian plague
- all old water became blood

- had to dig new water to drink
Revelation 8:8 - Gentiles
Revelation 16:3-7 - Gentiles and Jews
D. Smite the land with plagues - Egypt

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LECTURE #068 – THE TRIUMPH OF THE WITNESSES – REVELATION 11:7-12
v. 7
- beast from abyss 9:1&11; 17:8
- make war: explicated in Rev. 13 (13:7)
v. 8
- dead body - death of Church, body of Christ
- street
- Is. 5:25; 51:21-23
- dead bodies in street make city unclean
- contrast Rev. 21:21; 22:1-2
- the great City - Jerusalem repeatedly called such
- Spiritually - by the Spirit
- where Christ was crucified - full identification
- application to world as a whole
v. 9 - Gentile response
a. look at corpse for 3 ½ days
b. do not permit buria1 (Jews would have wanted to bury, to eliminate uncleanness)
1st possibility: Gentiles desire to curse witnesses, Ps. 79:2. But then why “look”?
2nd possibility: Gentiles consider death of witnesses, keep them in sight, ponder.
- blood of martyrs is seed of Church
- note that the witnesses only tormented Jews (v. 10)
v. 10 - Jewish response
- rejoice and send presents: false feast of Purim
v. 11 - Resurrection
- fear; compare the fear when Jesus arose, Mt. 28:4
- 3 ½ days - death of Church measured in days, unlike witness, measured in years.

compare 2:10 & 20:4
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v. 12 - Ascension
- "Come up here" 4:l, associated with John. Compare 10:10-11. John's death?
- Elijah
- in the cloud - compare Jesus
- into the cloud - now men in heaven with Jesus
- enemies beheld; contrast Elijah & Jesus
- initial vindication of the Groom was private
- historical vindications of the Bride are public
v. 13 - Further martyrdoms
- earthquake: on land
- tenth of city: holy city; God's tithe

- 7000 - not bowed the knee to Baal (Elijah theme)
- remainder terrified:
Gentiles, Mt. 28:4
Weak believers, Lk. 24:5
- God of heaven – Gentile title

Gen 14:18-22
Ezr. 5:11
Neh. 2:4
Dan 2:44
Jonah 1:9
Rev 16:11
- paralle1 14:1-7,13,14-20
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LECTURE #069 – THE SEVENTH TRUMPET – REVELATION 11:14-19
v. 14 - third woe: 7th trumpet
- remember: concerns the Jews (8:13)
- actual destruction of Jerusalem and Temple
v. 15 - The Great Praise
- parallel: 18:20 + 19:1-6

15
And the seventh angel sounded,
And there arose loud voices in heaven, saying:
"The kingdom of the world has become that of our Lord

and of His Messiah,
And He will reign age after age."
16
And the twenty-four elders,
Who sit on their thrones before God,
Fell on their faces,
And worshipped God, saying:
17
"We give thanks to You,
O Lord God the Almighty,
who is and who was,
Because You have taken Your great power
and You have begun to reign.
18
And the nations were enraged,
And Your wrath came,
And the time for the dead to be judged,
And to give their reward to Your bond-servants:
the prophets,
and the holy ones,
And to those who fear your Name:
the small,
and the great,
And to destroy those who destroy the land. "
v. 15 - the loud voices: since the elders respond, probably the four living creatures
- cosmos; 13:8 & 17:8 - the Adamic creation, now given to Jesus
- our Lord and His Messiah - angelic language; not the saints speaking
- compare 19:6
vv. 16-17 - why do the 24 angels thank? I suspect because their duties are completed, and now a human
being reigns. They thank for the privilege of serving, and now the privilege of rest.
- who is and who was, but not who is to come
- because at this point, He has come

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- His coming involves taking His great power and beginning His full reign.
- He ruled Israel as Yahweh

- Now He rules the whole Adamic cosmos
- compare again 19:6
v. 18 - the inauguration of this full reign involves a judgment of the righteous dead.
- not of the wicked; that is at the end of this reign
- bond-servants: prophets and saints = Israel
- God-fearers: small and great = Gentiles
- compare 19:5
- reward = to rule with Christ (20:4)
- nations enraged – Psalm 2
- destruction of those who ruined God's land (Jews)
- compare 18:20; 19:2-3
- note structure:
Wicked Gentiles judged
Godly Jews rewarded
Godly Gentiles rewarded
Wicked Jews judged
Comment: We are not used to thinking of Christ's inaugurating His reign in AD 70, because in a great sense
He inaugurated it at Pentecost. But in the full sense, He inaugurated it in AD 70, and that is the focus of
Revelation.
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LECTURE #070 – STAR SIGNS, PART 1 – REVELATION 12:1-5
Trumpets, Part 2: The Three Star-Signs of Old Creation History (11:19- End)
12:1 First Star-Sign: Virgo (Eve)
12:3 Second Star-Sign: Draco (Dragon)
15:1 Third Star-Sign: The Seven Planets (Bowl Angels)
Genesis 1:14-19 - stars as signs

- related to angels as governors, stewards of the child (Job 38:7)
Purpose of section: History of the Old Creation under God's Ark-Cherub Control
Initiated, 11:19
Concluded, 15:5
New Creation under Christ's control
11:19 - Introduction
lightning, sounds, thunder - aspects of Throne (4:5)
earth (land) quake - preliminary warning of Throne's approach (8:5): Pentecost
hailstorm - final judgment of Throne (16:17 + 21): AD 70
- hail from waters above the firmament
- collapse of firmament; no veil between Christ and Bride: marriage (19:7ff.)
First Sign, 12:1-2

Virgo (Naphta1i)
White horse; clear crysta1 city
“Clothed with sun"
God's glory
Possibly: the time of Virgo
"Moon under her feet"
Upheld by Israel as Bride
"Crown of 12 stars"
Israel as chosen seed-people
Possibly: this sign qualifies or governs all Israel
Eve, mother of all living
Sun, moon, 12 stars = Israel (Gen. 37:9-10)
Laboring with child = all of Old Creation history before Christ's birth
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Pain = judgment upon Eve, Old Creation woman
Second Sign, 12:3

Draco - circumpolar, faces Virgo (v. 4)
Nahash - serpent
Tannin – dinosaur
Isaiah 27:1
Genesis 3
Fiery red - false Judah, false ruler
Revelation 13:2
Heads – throne – Aaron’s rod – Kingly

Horns – power – Manna – Priestly
Diadems – authority – Word - Prophetic
Seven heads – Arch-cherub (cherubim have four)
Ten horns – False altar-mediatorial system
Seven diadems – False priest-teacher
Wormwood (8:11)
Apollyon, Abaddon (9:11)
Dragon, Serpent, Devil, Satan (12:9)
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133
The Ten Horns (Ladder to Heaven)
Holy of Holies Altar

(Heaven)
Holy Place Altar

(Firmament)
Courtyard Altar
(Earth)
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LECTURE #071 – STAR SIGNS, PART 2 – REVELATION 12:1-5
The Woman and the Dragon
1. The Dragon is between the Virgin and the Pole Star (God's throne in the far north)
2. The Dragon is pointed toward the Virgin.
3. The moon, the holy bride-people, is under the Virgin, supporting her feet.
She is enthroned on Israel. That is, the Godly line is supported by the whole nation of the Church.
4. The Sun clothes her.
God is her light. Compare Rev. 21:23; 22:5. Isaiah 60:19-20.
5. Over her head are the twelve stars (constellations)
Immediately overhead is the Lion of Judah.

Then, in astrological order:
Lion Judah
Crab Issachar
Twins Zebulun
Bull Ephraim
Lamb Manasseh
Fish Benjamin
Man Reuben
Goat Simeon
Archer Gad
Eagle/Scorpion Dan
Scales Asher
Virgin Naphtali (substitute Levi)
Dan, the Eagle tribe, becomes the Judas tribe, Scorpion

Naphtali is the Virgin, but already accounted for, so substitute Levi
The Falling of the Stars
v. 4: saints or angels? In context, the latter.
tail - Isaiah 9: 14-15 = false doctrine

note: the demonic army of 9:3,5,10 has power in their tails.
the saint army of 9:19 has power in their mouths.
The Seven Heads and Diadems
Wormwood - Rev. 8:10-11- corrupter of the waters (doctrine) of the sanctuary
Abaddon - Rev. 9:1-11 - corrupter of the land of Israel
Apollyon - Rev. 9:1-11 - corrupter of the Hellenistic Oikumene (protecting beast)

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Dragon - devourer of the Child (12:4,17)

- warrior against God (12:7,13)
- creator of the persecuting Sea Beast (13:2,4)
Serpent - seducer of the Bride (2 Cor. 11:3; Rev. 12:15)
Devil - tempter (Jesus in the wilderness)

- adversary (1 Peter 5:8)
- accuser, in the sense of slanderer (Rev. 2: 10; meaning of diabolos)
- deceiver (Rev. 20:10)
Satan - accuser, in the sense of prosecuting attorney

Job 1-2
Psalm 109:6
Zechariah 3:1
1 Corinthians 5:5
- titular head of the fallen angels
2 Thessalonians 2:9
- ruler of the Jews (Rev. 2:9,13,24; 3:9)
Summary:
Wormwood - sanctuary (garden of Eden) Day 7: sabbath

Abaddon - land Day 6: land rulers
Apollyon - world Day 5: world creatures
Dragon - Child (Gen. 3:15) Day 4: governors

Serpent - Bride (Gen. 3:15) Day 3: fruitful soil
Devil - description: enemy Day 2: firmament

Satan - title: prosecutor Day 1: light
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LECTURE #072 – WAR IN HEAVEN – REVELATION 12:5-17
War in Heaven
v. 5 - incarnation and ascension
v. 6 – Exodus
- recall that the city of the crucifixion is Egypt (11:8)
- nourishment, cp. Manna
- 1260 days = daytime
- ½ of 7 years
- last ½ of 70th week (?)
vv. 7-8 - The Expulsion of Satan
- time: between ascension and pentecost
- Michael = Jesus; Jude 9 + Zech. 3:2
- Michael does not fight alone; compare the Church with Christ today
- nature of the conflict: probably legal
Jesus as Strong Angel speaks (10: Iff.)
The reason Satan cannot stay in heaven is that a man has become king; Adam's work has been
completed. Proclamation of this event seems to be the weapon.
Satan is bound, trampled, cast down by preaching and faithful witness. Stands to reason that the
same principle is involved here.
- cast from heaven. Heaven is place of rule. Now Last Adam rules.
v. 9
- thrown down to the land, compare pentecost
- deceiver of the oikumene (13:1ff; 16:14; cp. 20:3,8,10)
Praise in Heaven
v. 10 - "great voice" = the second thunder (10:3; 11:12)
-"now" = "at this time"
- accuser/prosecutor defeated/cast down

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v. 11 - overcomers:
1. by the blood of the Lamb

2. by public confession of the Word
3. by being wining to die rather than renounce Him
v.12 - Third Woe (8:13; 9:12; 11:14)
- seems out of chronological sequence, but the focus wi1l be on ch. 13
The Initial Persecutions
v. 13 - the woman = the believing Jewish church
- Acts 3-7, the initial persecution
v. 14 - the great eagle
Exodus 19:4 - God as eagle
Daniel 7:4 - The Guardian Beast
Ezekiel 17:3,7 - empires
- the two wings given to the woman
Psalm 17:8, etc. - protection
"And the two wings of the great eagle were given to the woman"
"And the protection of the Roman Empire was given to the woman"
- in sky, eagle flies directly away from the direction the dragon points
- fly into the wilderness
"fled" into the wilderness, v. 6
Rome assists flight by protecting Church
(v. 14) - to her place
"The place" in NT is the Temple
Temple in wilderness = Sinai, place with God, where new Tabernacle is built
- nourished for a time and times and half a time
Daniel 7:25 - the time of Herodian/High Priestly (Land Beast) persecution
= 42 months, nights
Other half of the 7 times - the time of nourishment for the Church
= 1260 days, 1ight-time

138
- from the face of the serpent
serpent - author of false doctrine
Church enjoyed peace until AD 44, Acts 9:31
Death of Herod, AD 44
Paul's journeys begin, and so does Judaizing heresy (serpent's water)
v. 15 - water-flood = false doctrine, Wormwood waters (8:11); Judaizing heresy
v. 16 - land helps woman = Jews drink up the false doctrine
Paul and apostles defeat Judaizers
v. 17-13:1a - no longer serpent (deceiver) but dragon (destroyer)
- goes to seashore to corrupt Roman Guardian Beast (AD 64)
- purpose: to make war with the rest of the woman's seed
- the first part of her seed = the Son (v. 5)
- the rest = the Church, considered not as Woman but as Warrior-Son
remember:
Dragon attacks Seed
Serpent deceives Woman
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LECTURE #073 – ROMANS – REVELATION 13:1-10
The Beasts of Revelation 13

la. And he stood on the sand of the sea.
Genesis 1:2
Daniel 7:2-3
sand = descendants of Abraham
The Sea Beast
1b. And I saw a beast coming up out of the sea,

having ten horns,
and seven heads,
and on his horns ten diadems,
and on his heads blasphemous names.
Horns:
Daniel 7:7
Revelation 17:12
Heads:
Lion: Babylon
Bear: Persia
Leopard A: Alexander
Leopard B: Hellenistic Syria
Leopard C: Hellenistic Egypt
Leopard D: Hellenistic Rome
Ten-horn: Imperial Rome
Diadems: like High Priest
Names: Satan's seven names
2a. And the beast that I saw

was like a leopard,
and his feet were bear's,
and his mouth like the mouth of a lion.
Leopard: still Hellenistic at this point
Bear feet: trampling
Lion mouth: proclaiming

140
2b. And the dragon gave him

his power
and his throne
and great authority.
Horn Power Leopard Beast Image
Beast Image is total picture: leopard aspect
Heads Throne Bear feet Sea Beast
Bear feet trample (11:2; 13:5)
Diadems Authority Lion mouth Land Beast
Lion mouth prophesies (13:11,14)
3a. And one of his heads was as if it had been smitten to death, and his fatal wound was healed.
Assassination of Julius Caesar caused chaos in empire.

141
A. Homage.
3b-4. And the whole land was amazed after the beast, and they rendered homage to the
dragon, because he gave his authority to the beast; and they rendered homage to the beast,
saying, "Who is like the beast, and who is able to wage war with him?"
Reassertion of Roman power in Palestine causes amazement.
"We have no king but Caesar."
Mi-cha-el = Who Is Like God?

Mi-cha-ha-hai = Who Is Like The Beast?
B. Given to Speak; Given Authority.

5-7a. And there was given to him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and
authority to act for 42 months was given to him.
42 months - End of 64 to middle of 68
C. Attacks God.
6. And he opened his mouth in blasphemies against God, to blaspheme His name and His
tabernacle, those who tabernacle in heaven.
blasphemy - takes form of attack on Church
B'. Given to Act; Given Authority.

7. And it was given him to make war with the saints and to overcome them. And authority over
ever tribe and people and tongue and nation was given to him.
The Great Tribulation
2:10; 3:10
7:14
Matthew 24:21
world authority (actually over oikumene)
A’. Homage.
8. And all who dwell on the land will render hol1iage to him, those whose name has not been
written the book of life of the slain Lamb, {from the foundation of the cosmos.
despite blasphemies, Jews still worship him
9-10. If anyone has an ear, let him hear: If anyone leads into captivity, to captivity he goes; if anyone
kills with the sword, with the sword he must be killed. Here is the steadfastness and the faith of the
saints.
Eye for eye justice is coming from God

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lb. And I saw a beast arising from the sea, 11a. And I saw another beast arising from the land.
lc-2a. Having ten horns, and seven heads, and on his 11b. And he was having two horns like a lamb.
horns ten diadems, and on his heads blasphemous
names. And the beast that I saw was like a leopard,
and his feet were bear's, and his mouth like the
mouth of a lion.
2b. And the dragon gave him his power and his 11c-12a. And he was speaking like a dragon, and he
throne and great authority. exercises all the authority of the first beast in its
presence.
3-4. And one of his heads was as if it had been 12b. And he causes the land and those who dwell in
smitten to death, and his fatal wound was healed. it to render homage to the first beast, whose fatal
And the whole land was amazed after the beast, and wound was healed.
they rendered homage to the dragon, because he
gave his authority to the beast; and they rendered
homage to the beast, saying, "Who is like the beast,
and who is able to wage war with him?"
5. And there was given to him a mouth speaking 13. And he performs great signs, so that he even
great things and blasphemies; and authority to act makes fire come down out of heaven to the land in
for 42 months was given to him. the presence of men.
6. And he opened his mouth in blasphemies against 14. And he deceives those who dwell on the land
God, to blaspheme His name and His tabernacle, because of the signs that it was given him to
those who tabernacle in heaven. perform in the presence of the beast, telling those
who dwell on the land to make an image to the beast
who had the wound of the sword and has come to
life.
7. And it was given him to make war with the saints 15. And there was given to him to give breath to the
and to overcome them. And authority over every image of the beast, that the image of the beast might
tribe and people and tongue and nation was given to even speak and cause as many as do not render
him. homage to the image of the beast to be killed.
8. And all who dwell on the land will render 16-17. And he causes all, the small and the great,
homage to him, those whose name has not been and the rich and the poor, and the free men and the
written the book of life of the slain Lamb, from the slaves, that they be given a mark on their right hand
foundation of the cosmos. or on their forehead, and that no one should be able
to buy or to sell except the one who has the mark,
the name of the beast or the number of his name.
9-10. If anyone has an ear, let him hear: If anyone 18. Here is wisdom: Let him who has understanding
leads into captivity, to captivity he goes; if anyone reckon the number of the beast, for the number is a
kills with the sword, with the sword he must be human number, and his number is 666.
killed. Here is the steadfastness and the faith of the
saints.
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LECTURE #075 – EDOMITES – REVELATION 13:11
The Land Beast
11a. And I saw another beast coming up out of the land.

And I saw a beast coming up out of the sea (v. lb).
Land
The brother enemy: Genesis 4
Esau-Edom
Constant in OT
Jesus and Paul put in trial by
Edom-Amalek
Constant in OT (Moses, Saul, David, Esther)
Edom-Idumea-Herod
Daniel 11:36-45
Cain builds Enoch-city for Enoch-son: false city-garden & Adam
Herod builds Temple (Garden)
Herod controls/establishes High Priests (Adams) Garden is in Land
Priesthood is second aspect of Land Beast
2 Thessalonians 2: The Man of Lawlessness
compare Acts 12:22-23
11b. And he was having two horns like a lamb.

Having ten horns... like a leopard... (vv. lc-2a).
1. Counterfeit of the Two Witnesses
Moses power: builds Image of Beast (Temple)
Elijah power: calls down false pentecost-fire from heaven
False apostles and prophets of Pauline letters, Rev. 2:2, Matt. 24, etc.
2. Herods and High Priests
3. Lamb: Counterfeit Christ

144
LECTURE #076 – POWER RELIGION – REVELATION 13:12
11c-l2a. And he was speaking like a dragon, and he exercises all the authority of the first beast in its
presence.
And the dragon gave him his power and his throne and great authority (v. 2b).
Speaking:
doctrine
Oral Law tradition
counterfeit of the Lamb with the Book (Rev. 4-5)
Authority: Gentile sponsor theme perverted
Sea Beast passes on his authority, diadem, lion-mouth to the Land Beast
12b. And he causes the land - that is, those who dwell in it - to render homage to the first beast, whose
fatal wound was healed.
And one of his heads was as if it had been slain. ...And the whole land was amazed...and
worshipped the beast... (vv. 3-4).
Jesus brings worshippers to the Father
Healed wound: it is particularly the Power of the Beast that is adored
Power religion versus Righteousness religion

145
LECTURE #077 – A FALSE PENTECOST – REVELATION 13:13
13. To wit: he performs great signs, so that he even makes fire come down out of heaven to the land in
the presence of men.
And there was given him a great mouth speaking great things and blasphemies (v. 5).
False prophet:
Counterfeit Elijah
Counterfeit two witnesses
False Christ:
Counter-Pentecost
Syndrome: crisis-pressure-conversion-fanaticism-scapegoating (Or: Evangelism through

martyrdom)
1. There is a crisis of culture, accompanied by various distresses.
2. Pressure builds up to a bursting point.
3. A pentecost, an epiphany occurs. People are converted to the “old ways.” But what they call the
“old ways” are not really old; the people just think they are.
4. Fanaticism ensues. It was because we forgot the “old ways” that things have gone bad. There is
excitement, crusades, enthusiasm.
5. But who is to blame for the crisis? Those who reject the revival of the “old ways.” Those who
refuse to join the marches. It is their fault.
a. All the distresses of the society are placed on the scapegoats.
b. The scapegoats are persecuted & killed, and people feel good about it.
c. Celebrating the death of the scapegoats releases cultural power for a while; new Enochs
are built.
d. But if the scapegoats were really innocent, sooner or later their killers feel guilt and
become open to the message of the scapegoats.
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LECTURE #078 – THE BEAST-IMAGE – REVELATION 13:14
14. And he deceives those who dwell on the land because of the signs that it was given him to perform
in the presence of the beast, telling those who dwell on the land to make an image to the beast who
had the wound of the sword and has come to life.
And he opened his mouth in blasphemies against God, to blaspheme His name, that is, His
tabernacle, those who tabernacle in heaven (v. 6).
Deception: Devilish work.
Perhaps some measure of excuse, like Eve.
But no excuse after deception is exposed (ch. 16)
Image of the Sea Beast.
Parallel to "tabernacle" = Temple and synagogue, as revived after false pentecost.
Counterfeit of New Covenant church: Beast died and came to life again.
Land Beast glorifies Sea Beast in Beast Image

Jesus glorifies the Father in the Church
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LECTURE #079 – WAR BETWEEN THE BEASTS – REVELATION 13:15
15. And there was given to him to give breath to the image of the beast, that the image of the beast
might even speak and cause as many as do not render homage to the image of the beast to be killed.
And it was given to him to make war with the saints and to overcome them. And authority over every
tribe and people and tongue and nation was given to him (v. 7).
Breath put in:
God enters Tabernacle and Temple
Pentecost: tongues loosened
True Church: Image of God

False Church: Image of Sea Beast
Gospel preaching "kills" those who won't worship God (Rev. 9:13-21)
False Church kills those who won't worship Sea Beast (Rev. 14)
False Levites
Image worship:
We expect to read "and cause as many as do not render homage to the Beast whose deadly
wound was healed to be killed."
We read instead: "and cause as many as do not render homage to the image of the Beast to be
killed."
Contrast:
The Church -- image of God -- rejects any worship of the Church, because it is worship of
the creature. The Image of God calls on men to worship the Father.
The false church -- image of the Sea Beast - accepts worship of the church, because that is
the heart of idolatry: worship of the creature. Thus, the Image of the Beast calls on men
to worship itself.
Potential for conflict:
Initially, the Sea Beast sets up the Land Beast as his agent. Similarly, the Land Beast sets up
the Beast Image as their agent.
The Beasts are happy for the Beast Image to seek worship for itself, because this helps
undermine God's Kingdom.
BUT, eventually there will be a competition for this worship. The Beasts will turn against the
Harlot, because instead of making men worship them, she got them to worship her (17:16).
Note historically: state and false-church fight each other for worship and allegiance, but join
forces against the true Church. We see some of this at the Reformation. Also when Herod,
Pilate, and the High Priest become friends to get rid of Jesus.
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Relationship of Land Beast and Beast Image:
Land Beast has two horns:
Elijah power: prophetic: sets up Aaron

Christ (Jacob): establishes Church
Herods (Esau): false prophets: set up high priests
Moses power: apostolic/priestly: controls Levites

Spirit (Church): Church leaders
High Priests: false apostles: send false Levites to kill believers
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LECTURE #080 – THE MARK OF THE BEAST – REVELATION 13:16-17
16-17. And he causes all, the small and the great, and the rich and the poor, and the free men and the
slaves, that they be given a mark on their right hand or on their forehead, and that no one should be
able to buy or to sell except the one who has the mark, the name of the beast or the number of his
name.
And all who dwell on the land will worship him.
financial metaphor:: 3:18; 6:6; 18:11-17a
name: character, description
14:11 -- mark of the name; thus two equivalent things:
mark of the name/character of the Sea Beast

number of the name/character of the Sea Beast
mark: Dt. 6:8
On forehead:
Ezekiel 9:4 & 6
Revelation 7:3; 14:1; 22:4
On right hand:
Priestly: Leviticus 8:23; 14:14&17
Oath of allegiance: Revelation 10:5

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LECTURE #081 – THE NUMBER OF THE BEAST – REVELATION 13:18
18. Here is wisdom: Let him who has understanding reckon the number of the beast, for the number
is a human number, and his number is 666.
If anyone has an ear, let him hear: If anyone leads into captivity... (v. 10).
Not a code for an individual person, number of the name/character.
anthropos" = mankind, and in Revelation, Jewish
Jewish number, 666, from 1 Kings 10:14
Theological root: Revelation 15:2
from the beast,

and from his image,
and from the number of his name
Therefore, "number of his name" = Land Beast/False Prophet here
Sea Beast parodies Father

Land Beast parodies Son
Beast Image parodies Spirit
Therefore, the Son is the Number of the Father's Name:
The Word of God

The Number of God
Jesus' new name // Jesus' new number (unknown: Rev. 19: 12)
Jesus' name on us // Jesus' number on us
Land Beast builds Beast Image

Jesus builds Temple -- Revelation 3:12
Solomon:
Built Temple; installed High Priest (Zadok over Abiathar) – cp. Herods
Three sins: power, authority, and throne of Dragon (13:2)
Deuteronomy 17:16-17 + 1 Kings 10:14-11:8
multiply horses: to get power

multiply women: to increase throne
multiply gold: to get authority (God's house full of gold)
666:
Genesis 1 - sixth day
1 Samuel 17:4&7- giants

2 Samuel 21:20-22
Daniel 3:1
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LECTURE #082 – MID-COURSE OVERVIEW OF REVELATION, I
LECTURE #083 – MID-COURSE OVERVIEW OF REVELATION, II
LECTURE #084 – MID-COURSE OVERVIEW OF REVELATION, III
LECTURE #085 – REVELATION 14 - OVERVIEW

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LECTURE #086 – REVELATION 14:1-5
The Harvest of the First Fruits: Revelation 14

v. 1 - Lamb: contrast Beasts
- on Mt. Zion: earthly location before Throne of God
- forehead
sealed, 7:3
names, 13:16-17
name of Lamb: Jesus; name of Father?
v. 2 And I heard a voice out of the heaven

a
Like the voice of many waters,
b
And like the voice of a great thunder;
And the voice that I heard
c
Was like harpists harping on their harps.
v. 3 And they sing a new song

a
Before the throne
b
And before the four living creatures
c
And the elders
- voice of many waters = Jesus, Throne, 1:15

- voice of thunder = Throne & living creatures, 6: 1 + 4:6
- voice of harpists = living creatures & 24 elders/archangels, 5:8
- v. 2: Voice of God & cherubim, accompanied by voice of harpists
- v. 3: on earth, 7:15
- new song - 15:3-4?
v. 4 Undefiled with women
Exodus 19:15
Leviticus 15:16-18
Deuteronomy 23:9-10
Samuel 21:4-5
2 Samuel 11:11
v. 4 - first-fruits
v. 5 - liars are outside: 21:8 & 27; 22:15
- Satan as liar
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Summary or the Trumpets
v. 6 contrast 8:13
v. 7 four-fold world: 8:6-12; 16:2-8
v. 8 compare chapter 11
v. 9-10 compare chapter 13
v. 11 compare chapter 9
Note: wrath-wine of immorality versus wrath-wine of God (vv. 8 & 10)
Note: no rest versus rest (vv. 11 & 13)
End of Trumpet Era
v. 13 - rest, but not yet reign: 15:8; 20:4
vv. 14-16 - wheat harvest
vv. 17-20 - wine harvest
wine press not a symbol of wrath, but produces wrath-wine: 19:15
15:1 blood avengers immediately called up
Structural Considerations
A. Seven" Angels" of chapter 14
SAYING A. Gospel Angel - Jesus vv. 6-7 -- Great Voice

B. Speaking Angel, v. 8
C. Speaking Angel, vv.. 9-12 -- Great Voice
D. Father & Spirit Speak, v. 13
DOING D' Son of Man – Jesus, v. 14
C' Calling Angel, v. 15 -- Great Voice
B' Reaping Angel, v. 17
A' Fire Angel - Jesus, v. 18 -- Great Voice
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LECTURE #088 – THE END OF THE TRUMPETS - REVELATION 14
B. The Trumpets in Context
A. Horses, 6:1-8 (first four seals)
B. Saints Under Altar, 6:9-11 (5th seal)
C. Judgment Starts, 6:12-17 (6th seal)
D. Saints Sealed on Earth, ch. 7
E. Seven Trumpets Appear, 8:1-2
F. Pentecostal Era Begins, 8:3-5
F' Pentecostal Era Ends, 14:18
E' Seven Bowls Appear, 15:1
D' Saints in Heaven, 15:2-4
C' Judgment Restarts, 15:5- 18:24
B' Saints in Heaven, 19:1-10
A' Horses, 19:11-21

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LECTURE #089 – THE NATURE OF ASTRAL REVELATION
The Third Sky Sign
I. Presuppositions:
A. The sky was given to the nations as a revelation of the Word of God.
1. Noahic Covenant: rainbow in firmament
2. Psalm 19
3. The Magi
4. Just as the Word can be perverted by sinful men, so the sky revelation can also be
perverted.
5. The Word is superior to the sky revelation (Ps. 19); thus, when Joseph and Daniel appear
in Gentile courts, the interpreters of the sky fail.
B. The seven stars are the seven planets that rule the zodiacal constellations.
C. Comets also move among the constellations, ruling them.
D. The sky reveals God's glory, law, and purposes (Ps. 19).
E. With the coming of the New Creation, the sky is tuned (or retuned).
F. The Book of Revelation reveals the end of the Old Creation for both Jews (Word) and Gentiles
(sky).
G. The superiority of Word over sky is finalized as the gift of tongues authorizes the translation of
the Word to every language of mankind; thus, the sky no longer functions as revelation of the
Word in the New Creation.
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LECTURE #090 – THE ZODIAC AND COMETS
II. Unpacking the relationship of Word and Firmament Revelation.

A. The twelve zodiacal constellations relate to the twelve tribes, forming a belt around the earth.
1. Compare Exodus 28:6-30 - the ephod, with its waistband.
2. Jeremiah 13
B. The other constellations may have related to the nations, but we have no way of unpacking these
associations.
C. Comets were common in the ancient world, and were called by various names and categories. As
they were associated with falling stars, they were signs of disaster .
1. Trumpet comets - in Revelation, approach the Sun
2. Bowl comets - in Revelation, come from the Sun
D. The seven planets (moving stars) are the lords of the firmament.
1. The order of the planets was in their supposed circles around the earth.
Moon – the feminine reflectress of the Sun
Venus - feminine: jealous love
Mercury - activity; brings messages and gifts from heaven
Sun - the Divine King
Mars - war, conflict, and honor; servant of Jupiter
Jupiter - the glorious smaller planet, the ruler
Saturn - blessing and curse

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LECTURE #091 – PLANETARY POWERS
2. These qualities display God's attributes in Revelation 5:12, but Mercury and Venus have
changed positions.
power dunamis - power put forth Moon reflected light
riches ploutos - wealth Mercury wealth
wisdom sophia - feminine in Greek & in Proverbs Venus Venus jealous love
might iskhus -power in itself Sun Sun light source
honor time - respect for position or attainment Mars war Mars war
glory doxa -heaviness, in itself Jupiter rule
blessing eulogia - good speech; vs. curse Saturn blessing & curse
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LECTURE #092 – THE TUNED SKY, PART I
3. If we put this back into Genesis 1, and use the true order, we get:
1. Moon light from the Spirit, archetype of the feminine in creation
2. Venus firmament - the Word and its wisdom in the creation (feminine)
3. Mercury wealth - bread and wine plants
4. Sun light sources in the creation
5. Mars swarms and hosts
6. Jupiter rulers
7. Saturn blessing and curse: judgment in its fullest (" And God saw all. ...")
4. Why did Venus and Mercury change position? My guess is that the expulsion of Adam
from the garden means that he lost his firmament position (Day 2), and had to
approach God from the altar of earth (Day 3). Thus, instead of moving down from
firmament to earth, man must now move up from earth to firmament.
5. The order of the trumpets and bowls is the order of the planets and days, with Mercury
and Venus switched. This reflects the destruction of the Old Creation:
power Moon reflected light

1st - feminine -judgment on bride-land
riches Mercury wealth

2nd - judgment on wealth of Gentiles
wisdom Venus jealous love

3rd - feminine - judgment on Levitical Temple (bridal chamber; threshing floor)
might Sun light source

4th - image of the Divine - judgment on Sun
honor Mars war

5th - masculine - evil army & judgment on evil army
glory Jupiter rule

6th - masculine - righteous army of glorious saints
blessing Saturn blessing & curse

7th - coming of Kingdom; curse on the wicked
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LECTURE #093 – THE TUNED SKY, PART II
6. The tuning of the sky means the tuning of the planets, in their post-fall order (Mercury
and Venus reversed):
power Moon Monday reflected light

honor Mars Tuesday (Tyr's Day) war
riches Mercury Wednesday (Wotan's Day) wealth
glory Jupiter Thursday (Thor's Day) rule
wisdom Venus Friday (Freia's Day) jealous love
blessing Saturn Saturday blessing & curse
might Sun Sunday light source
7. The tuned attributes in Revelation 7:12 make several changes:
a. Thanksgiving is substituted for Riches.
b. The order is reversed.
c. The reversed order starts with Blessing and ends with Might.
d. Glory and Wisdom are switched.
blessing Saturn
glory Jupiter
wisdom Venus
thanksgiving Mercury
honor Mars
power Moon
might Sun
e. Why?
1. Original creation hymns the attributes in original astral order: the universe
displays the glory of God (Psalm 19).
2. New creation hymns the attributes in tuned order: the universe is retuned as
a lyre, to sing God's praises.
3. New creation hymns the attributes also in reverse tuned order, signifying
that the new creation reverses the order of the old, with men now over
angels.
4. New creation hymns with a shift in position so that Might (Sun) comes at
the climax.
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LECTURE #094 – THE TUNED SKY, PART III
8. If we take the tuned attributes/sky in unreversed order, and begin with Power (as the
untuned order does), we have the order of the Seals:
power Moon
1st seal: feminine: white: church
Called by Lion, the original Day 1 Moon
honor Mars
2nd seal: masculine: red: warfare
Called by Ox, the original Day 2 Venus
thanksgiving Mercury
3rd seal: masculine: black: sacraments (riches & thanksgiving)
Called by Man, the original Day 3 Mercury
wisdom Venus
4th seal: feminine: green: Levites (teachers and judges)
Called by Eagle, the original Day 4 Sun
glory Jupiter
5th seal: saints under altar given first taste of glory
blessing Saturn
6th seal: curse on world begins
might Sun
7th seal: Christ (the Sun) begins Trumpets
Why? The seals hold closed the completion of history, the New Creation climax of the whole
Book. Thus, the tuned order is in view. It is not reversed, because the inversion of men and
angels has not yet happened, but it is tuned because it reveals the new tuning of the
cosmos.
9. Seals and Trumpets & Bowls
1. Moon - power put forth

First seal - white horse
First trumpet - judgment on Jews
First bowl - judgment on Jews
2. Mars - honor from victory

Second seal - red horse of war
Fifth trumpet - army from Beast's pit
Fifth bowl - judgment on throne of Beast (army)
3. Mercury - riches and thanksgiving

Third seal - black horse of gifts from God
Second trumpet - judgment on Gentiles and their riches, for they were not
thankful
Second bowl - judgment on Gentiles and their riches, for they were not
thankful
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4. Venus - wisdom
Fourth seal - green horse of Levites, the warrior bride
Third trumpet - judgment on Levitical Temple
Third bowl - judgment on Levitical Temple
5. Jupiter - glory as an attribute

Fifth seal - glory given to saints under altar
Sixth trumpet – army of the saints
Sixth bowl - army of the saints
6. Saturn -blessing (and curse)

Sixth seal - judgment of the old world begins
Seventh trumpet - God's Kingdom comes
Seventh bowl - judgment of the old world climaxes
7. Sun -might as an attribute

Seventh seal - Christ begins His rule at Pentecost
Fourth trumpet - judgment on earthly suns
Fourth bowl - judgment on earthly suns
10. Other Stuff
A. The rainbow traditionally has seven (7) colors. If the rainbow sequence has some
relationship to what we have been studying, other then 7 = 7, I don't know
what it is.
red - orange - yellow - green - blue - indigo – violet
B. Hebrew names for the planets are:
Moon Yareah ("the moon"); Lebonah ("white")
Mercury Kokhab ("star")
Venus Kokhabet ("star," f.); Kokhabet Nogah ("bright star")
Jupiter Shemesh ("the sun"); Heres ("the sun"); Hammah ("heat")
Sun Ma'adim ("red"?)
Mars Tsedeq ("righteous")
Saturn Shabbatai ("sabbath")
C. Sidereal periods are the lengths of time it takes for a planet to return to the same
position in the zodiac. The order of the planets comes from these sidereal
periods:
Moon 29.5 days

Mercury 88.0 days
Venus 224.7 days
Sun 365.3 days
Mars 688.0 days
Jupiter 4331.8 days (11.8 years)
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Saturn 10760.0 days (29.5 years)
D. Sidereal periods should not be confused with synodic periods. The synodic
periods of the planets are their conjunctions with the sun in the sky. Since the
sun moves in the sky, these conjunctions do not happen in the same cycles as
the return of the planet to the same place among the stars. The synodical
periods of the planets are:
Moon 27 days
Mercury 116 days
Venus 584 days
Mars 780 days
Jupiter 399 days
Saturn 378 days
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LECTURE #095 – THE END OF THE FIRSTFRUITS ERA
The Seventh Trumpet

REVELATION 11 REVELATION 14-16
The two witnesses prophesy (11:3-6) The 144,000 witness (14:1-5,13)
Martyrdom of the two witnesses (11:7-12) Wheat harvest (14:14-16)
Martyrdom of the 7000 faithful (11:13) Grape harvest (14:17-20)
Seventh Trumpet (11:15a) Seven bowl angels appear (15:1)
Hymns in heaven (11:15b-18) Hymns in heaven (15:2-4)
Temple open; Ark appears (11:19a) Temple open; Ark appears (15:5)
Lightning, voices, thunder, earthquake, hailstorm (11:19b) Seventh bowl (16:17-21)

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LECTURE #096 – THE COMING OF WRATH – REVELATION 15
15:5 - the rent veil
No more protective firmament barrier between God’s throne and sinful Old Creation.
15:6 - avenging angels
Notice that they are dressed like Jesus, the Angel of the Lord (1:13).
Linen - garb of the High Priest on the Day of Atonement.
The seven bowls will pour back upon the wicked the blood offered on the Day of Atonement.
15:7 - cherubic initiation
Cherubim have the flaming sword; give to archangels.
Bowls of wrath: 14: 10
15:8 - the filled sanctuary
14:15&17; 15:6 - now all the angels have come out, but men not yet in (20:4).
Exodus 40:35; 1 Kings 8:10-11 – God’s glory-filling starts a new covenant; new priests will be
admitted soon (Rev. 20:4)
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LECTURE #097 – BOWLS – REVELATION 16
I. Introduction
A. phiale (“vial”)
1. Incense bowls (Rev 5:8; cp. Lev. 16:12)
2. Drinking bowls (Ex. 25:29; 37:16; Num. 4:7)
3. Sacrificial bowls (Ex. 27:3; 39:3)
B. Shape: a footed bowl
- foot of Laver, Sea, and Water Chariots
- bowl of water = waters above the firmament
- thus, poured out from heaven to earth
C. Other relevant bowls of sacrificial system:
4. Lavers for washing
5. Bowls of oil (Lev. 14:15)
6. Bowls of flour for Tribute Offering (Num. 7:13: basin)
7. Larnpstand lamps resting on "foot" of Watcher-Lampstand (Ex. 25:37)
II. Bowls or Comprehensive Alienation and Rejection
A. Acceptance and Rejection:
- humanity estranged from God, removed from Garden
- limited access under Old Creation
- full access for saints in New Creation
- therefore, full rejection for the wicked in New Creation
B. The Meaning of Bowls as “mediators”: bowls carry stuff to God, and from God to us
1. Bowls carry blood to God, so that we are accepted.
2. Bowls carry water to us, so that we are cleansed with heavenly water .
3. Bowls carry oil to us, so that we are anointed to serve.
4. Bowls contain oil that burns as lamps before God.

168
5. Bowls carry incense to God, as prayer .
6. Bowls carry tribute-flour to God, as gift.
7. Bowls carry beer/wine to God, to drink with Him.
C. Inverted bowls as signs of rejection:
1. Blood poured back on sinners: rejected by God.
2. Defiling waters poured out: sinners not baptized but drowned (Flood).
3. Oil of anti-consecration poured out: sinners consecrated to destruction.
4. Oil of the foolish virgins is emptied from lamps.
5. Incense, which is the saints as pray-ers, poured out on wicked, so that the saints have a hand in
their destruction.
6. Rejected tribute dumped back on wicked.
7. Wine poured back on them; meal-fellowship rejected.
D. Bowls as sustaining creation and rejecting it:
Day 1: blood, access to God

Day 2: waters above the firmament
Day 3: oil from trees
Day 4: lamps as heavenly lights
Day 5: incense as cloud/swarm
Day 6: bread as man's offering
Day 7: beer/wine as shalom-rest
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LECTURE #098 – LAVERS – REVELATION 16
III. Unpacking the Symbolism
- We shall take these in an order that makes it easiest to understand.
A. Bowls as Anti-Lavers
- Laver-water is for cleansing from defilement
- Bowls pour out defilements
1. Loathsome sores, like leprosy (Lev. 13-14)
2. Blood, like a dead corpse (Num. 19)
3. Springs issue blood (Lev. 15)
- from Temple, compare Ezekiel 47
4. Scorching sun.
5. Darkness.
6. Frog-demons let loose (unclean spirits)
7. Air is defiled; no one can escape this defilement!
- the unclean person is expelled from the sanctuary.
- the leper is expelled from the camp and from the city.
- this ultimate defilement expels from the whole world.

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LECTURE #099 – LIBATIONS – REVELATION 16
B. Bowls as Anti-Libations
- beer on Table a sign of God's peace with His people (Num. 28:7; Ex. 25:29)
- libation is for God to drink, with us (symbolically): communion & fellowship
- harlot drinks blood of saints, which is poured out (16:4&6; 17:6)
- puts herself in place of God (1 Sam. 2:12-17ff.)
- she eats and drinks the people into herself, making herself the god and ruler of the people
- Balamites and Nicolaitans
- God rejects communion and fellowship with presumptuous sinners.

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LECTURE #100 – INCENSE – REVELATION 16
C. Bowls as the Church
- bowls of incense - prayers of the saints; 5:8.
- content of prayers: 6:9-10.
- reinforcement of prayers: 8:3-5.
- saints as sweet-smelling incense
Eph. 5:2
Phil. 4:18
Lev. 16:12-13
2 Cor. 2:14-16
- presence of saints in world = outpouring of incense
Rev. 9:17
Rev. 19:14
Rev. 16:12
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LECTURE #101 – TRIBUTE – REVELATION 16
D. Bowls as Rejected Tribute
Numbers 7:13.
Sacrifices as memorials to remind God
Tribute reminds God - but of their crimes!
Possible association of manna with hailstones from heaven.

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LECTURE #102 – LAMPS – REVELATION 16
E. Bowls as Emptied Lamp Oil
Exodus 25:37
Numbers 4:9
Zechariah 4:2
Matthew 25:1-13
Revelation 14:4
Revelation 16:8-9
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LECTURE #103 – PASSOVER – REVELATION 16
F. Bowls as Rejected Sacrifices
1. Blood splashed from bowls against altar
2. Seven-fold sprinkling for sin of Aaron (Lev. 4:1-21)
Sequence from top to bottom

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LECTURE #104 – PURIFICATIONS – REVELATION 16
Not seven at once, but seven with one finger = seven days (Lev. 8:33; 9:1)
Covers Adam’s defiled week
Circumcision on eighth day: new start
3. Seven-fold sprinklings for “leprosy”
Lev. 14:7
Lev. 14:51
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LECTURE #105 – THE COVERED WEEK – REVELATION 16

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LECTURE #106 – LEPROSY & DEATH – REVELATION 16
4. Seven-fold sprinklings for corpse contamination

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LECTURE #107 – DAY OF ATONEMENT I – REVELATION 16
5. Seven-fold sprinklings on the Day of Atonement
A. Purpose of Atonement - sins on Priest, taken away (Lev. 10:17)
1. Death penalty for sin transferred

From worshipper to sacrifice
From sacrifice to priest
From priests to High Priest
From High Priest to scapegoat
2. Bowls not used, but hand and finger: blood of priest himself
B. Calendrical position of Atonement - 7th month
1. Jesus as Passover
2. Jesus and Church as Atonement
a. death of Stephen
b. in Hebrews
c. in Revelation
C. Ushers in sabbatical year and jubilee

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LECTURE #108 – DAY OF ATONEMENT II – REVELATION 16
D. Ritual (Leviticus 16): Blood
1. Aaron's bull slaughtered (11)
2. Single finger-sprinkling on Ark-cover (14a)
A. Ark-Cover Door Opened: relationship between eternal God and human history covered
3. Heptamerous finger-sprinkling before Ark (14b)
-----
1’ Congregation's goat slaughtered (15a)
2’ Single finger-sprinkling on Ark-cover (l5b)
A’ Ark-Cover Door Opened: relationship between eternal God and human history covered
3’ Heptamerous finger-sprinkling before the Ak (15b)
B. Veil Opened: defilement of heavenly calendar-time is covered
4. Atonement for Holy Place: heptamerous finger-sprinkling before veil (16b; 4:5-7)
B’ Veil Opened: God descends to mountain top
5. Atonement for Holy Place: blood finger-daubed on horns on Incense Altar
C. Mountain Tops Visited: links heavenly and earthly mountain tops
6. Atonement for Courtyard: blood finger-daubed on horns of Bronze Altar (18)
D. Top to Middle of Mountain opened: God meets Israel half way at calendar feasts
7. Heptamerous finger-sprinkling on Bronze Altar ( 19)
E. Middle to bottom of Mountain opened: Whole world covered
8. Blood poured out at base of Bronze Altar (4:7)
-- Number of blood applications = 49

1 top of mercy seat (bull)
7 before mercy seat (bun)
1 top of mercy seat (goat)
7 before mercy seat (goat)
7 before veil (bull)
4 horns of incense altar (bun)
7 before veil (goat)
4 horns of incense altar (goat)
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4 horns of bronze altar (mixed)

7 sides of bronze altar (mixed)
E. Ritual (Azazel Goat)
1. Bifurcation of ordinary sacrifices: smoke and ashes
2. Bifurcation of Purification offerings: smoke & ashes, and:
a. flesh inside sanctuary area: sanctifying (6:26-29)
b. flesh outside camp: defiling (4:21; 16:l7-18; Nu. 19:3-10,17,21)
3. Bifurcation at Day of Atonement:
- Azazel goat is equiva1ent of ashes and outside flesh

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LECTURE #109 - ATONEMENT IN ZECHARIAH (1)
4. Application:
a. Jesus cleanses and covers whole world and history first -- gospel offer to all
b. Those who reject are taken out and burned up (cp. harlot, and Babylon)
c. Jesus is glorified by His people's being taken up into community around Him
F. Application in Zechariah
Zechariah 3 –
Zechariah 4 –
Zechariah 5a -
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LECTURE #110 - ATONEMENT IN ZECHARIAH (2)
Zechariah 5b –
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LECTURE #111 - ATONEMENT IN ZECHARIAH (3) – THE LEPROUS HOUSE
Application in Zechariah, continued: The Leprous House
A. "Leprosy": Egyptian plague
B. Separation from Camp (13:46) [city]
C. Restoration: two phases

1. Restore to camp
2. Restore to tabernacle access
D. The ritual of restoration to the community (Lev. 14:1-9)
v. 4: two clean birds - undomesticated preferably
cedar - Temple
scarlet - Facebread, Num. 4:8
hyssop - Passover, Ex. 12:22
HOLY OF HOLIES HOLY PLACE COURTYARD CAMP/LAND
Word Law Altar Laver Hyssop
Sacrament Manna Facebread Altar Scarlet
Government Rod Lampstand Pillars Cedar
v. 5: earthenware vessel -man
living water - flowing from above to below; heavenly; Spirit
vv. 6-7: same blood on symbol of community and on leper = joins the two (opens doorway between them)
Leviticus 8:24
Exodus24:8
Hebrews 9:19
Leviticus 14:6-7, continued
seven-fold sprinkling = covers "week" of uncleanness
release of bird: alternative picture
bird bears and removes Egyptian plague, to Azazel

185
note Egyptian plagues upon Jerusalem in Revelation
vv .8-9 - new birth, new glory
E. Leprous House (Leviticus 14:33-47)
Only applies inside city walls, vv. 40, 41, 45, 53
House is cast out of city: cp. Temple and Jerusalem
Zechariah 5a
F. Cleansing the Leprous House (Leviticus 14:48-53)
vv. 45 & 53 - bird to Azazel = casting out of house from city
Zechariah 5b
G. The Sevenfold Sprinkling
1. The sevenfold sprinkling covers the week, and done before God's eyes, shows that we accept the
Substitute (goat, bird) who has died for our sins.
2. The alternative is to be cast out to Azazel.
3. If we reject God's appointed Substitute, then the sevenfold sprinkling is poured back upon us,
and we are cast out to Azazel.
4. Thus, seven bowls of blood poured back upon the wicked in Revelation 16 lead to the casting
out and burning of the city in Revelation 17-18.
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LECTURE #112 - ANOINTING
(returning now to the content of the bowls)
G. Bowls as Consecration to Destruction (glorification/degradation)
1. Oil as liquid light; puts us in firmament sanctuary before God
2. Blood purifies; oil consecrates. Blood restores; oil glorifies.
3. Leviticus 8:10-12
once on Tabernacle - heaven

seven times on a1tar - earth week
Aaron - Adam
4. Leviticus 14:10-20
environment glorified (lightened by oil)

man enters (lightened by oil)
5. The environment is glorified with respect to the person about to enter it.
objectively, it is already glorified by God's presence in it.
6. Thus, in Revelation 16, the rejection of the oil means heaven is not glorified for them, because
they are not glorified.
7. The oil, poured back on them negatively, consecrates them to destruction.
from clean to holy to glorious -oil makes us light

from unclean to unholy to degraded -oil makes them bum
8. The Sevenfold Spirit of fire, oil, etc.: 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6.
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LECTURE #113 – THE 1ST AND 2ND BOWLS – REVELATION 16:1-3
IV. The Seven Bowls (Revelation 16)

A. First Bowl (v. 2):
And the first went forth

and poured out his bowl into the land,
and bad and evil sores came upon
the men having the mark of the beast
and those worshipping his image.
1. Against the land: Jews.
2. Bad and evil sores:

bad - objectively
evil - subjectively, in effect
3. Correlate to "leprosy" - objectively puts them apart from God

"house of prayer - worshipping the Beast-Image
"den of thieves" - mark of the Beast ("buying and selling")
4. Justice: eye for eye: mark for mark.
5. Justice and "leprosy" - subjectively drives them from God

- only those with mark of the Beast allowed to synagogue and Temple
- now "leprosy" excludes them from the same
6. "Mystica1 Sodom and Egypt"
a. ashes from work-kilns became sores on Egyptians (Exodus 9:10-11)
b. a1l the good things rejected by outpoured bowls // ashes taken out of sanctuary
c. ashes on them means they are rejected, dead (compare ashes on head for mourning)
d. think of “living ashes,” like insects, defiling skin and flesh
B. Second Bowl (v. 3):
And the second poured out his bowl into the sea
and it became blood like a corpse's,
and every soul of life died that was in the sea.
1. Against the sea: gentiles.

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a. Gentiles not to drink blood (Gen. 9:4)
b. Blood // life (Lev. 17)
c. Note: "blood like corpse"

“soul of life"
d. Every source of life in the Gentile world is gone: so now it is Jesus' blood or nothing at all.
The older sustenance from the first creation is gone.
e. This effect was gradual, beginning at Pentecost (8:8-9).
f. Before the gospel, God sustains the Gentiles under the Noahic covenant with archaic
religion. When the gospel comes, those sustaining rituals and customs start to become
death- dealing. After a generation there is nothing left in them at all.
2. Corpses spread defilement (Num. 19)
3. The death of the sea here means "no more sea" (21:1). What remains is the City and those outside
the City.
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LECTURE #114 – THE 3RD BOWL – REVELATION 16:4-7
C. Third Bowl (vv. 4-7):
And the third poured out his bowl into

the rivers
and the springs of waters,
and they became blood.
And I heard the voice of the angel of the waters saying

Just are you! You who are and who was,
BECAUSE YOU JUDGED THESE THINGS;
"Because the blood of saints and prophets they poured out,
And blood to them You have given to drink.
Worthy are they!
And I heard the altar saying

Yes, Lord, God, All-Ruler!
True and righteous are Your judgments!
1. Against the rivers and springs: the priesthood and worship of Israel and mankind.
Angel of waters = third bowl angel
Altar = saints under the altar
2. Rivers:
a. Eden
b. Nile - called down Avenger
6:9-11
16:5-7
3. Springs:
a. Water from the Rock
b. Ezekiel 47
4. Contrast the sea: this is water to drink; water that flows downhill (from above).
a. Drinking water provided from heaven (rain, rivers, springs).
b. Now this water becomes blood, and the wicked drink it.
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5. Allegorical:
a. The waters that flow from God are His prophets, messengers, servants, who "give out cups of
water in Jesus' name."
b. The wicked killed these prophets, converting the water to blood.
c. They drink the blood instead of drinking the water: rejoicing in the murder of the prophets
instead of rejoicing in the teachings of the prophets.
d. Water gives life, but blood gives death.
e. Matthew 23:34-36.
6. Justice: eye for eye; blood for blood (death for death).
7. Old water defiled; new water has come.
a. Rivers from the Throne (Rev. 22).
b. Water from the Rock: Jesus' pierced side.

191
LECTURE #115 – THE 4TH BOWL – REVELATION 16:8-9
D. Fourth Bowl (vv. 8-9)

8
And the fourth poured out his bowl upon the sun,
and it was given to it to scorch men with fire.
9
And men were scorched with a great scorching,
and they blasphemed the name of God,

Who has authority over these plagues,
and did not repent to give Him glory.
1. Again against the Jews ("men")
Cycle form here:
Eis (into) Epi (upon)
1. Land (Jews) 4. Men (Jews)

2. Sea (Gentiles) 5. Beast-throne (Gentiles)
3. Springs 6. River
2. Promise to Abram:
Like sand of the sea: Bowl 1

Like stars of the sky: Bowl 4
- both land and sky reject apostate Jewry
3. Heat and blasphemy: Deuteronomy 13, &c.
4. Fiery furnace
5. 2 Peter 3:10-12
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LECTURE #116 – THE 5TH BOWL – REVELATION 16:10-16
E. Fifth Bowl (vv. 10-11)

10
And the fifth poured out his bowl upon the throne of the beast.
And his kingdom became darkened.
And they kept biting their tongues because of the pain.
11
And they blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and because of their sores.
And they did not repent of their works.
1. Again, against Gentiles (Beast context; "God of Heaven")
2. Which Beast?
a. Fifth bowl // Fifth trumpet (9:11 + 11:7)
b. Gave power, THRONE, authority to Sea Beast (13:2)
- Sea Beast gave power & authority to Land Beast (13:12)
- Land Beast gave power to Beast Image (13: 15)
c. Therefore, the throne of the Beast is Imperial Rome.
d. Therefore, the Beast himself is Satan.
3. Throne
a. In Genesis 1:2, God is enthroned above the waters.
b. God sat enthroned over the Flood, Psalm 29:10.
c. The Harlot is enthroned on waters, Revelation 17:1 & 15.
d. God is enthroned on water in Revelation 22:1.
4. Meaning
a. Darkening of sky above water reverses Genesis 1:2.
b. Judgment on throne = darkening of Rome (cp. 9th plague on Egypt).
c. Throne as people as well as Beast = tribulation in Empire.
5. Continual gnawing of tongues - unable to speak decrees against God's people any longer (contra
Revelation 13:14-17).
6. Notice that the brightening of the sun (God's presence, Christ's face) leads to a darkening of the
throne-people of the Beast. Gospel light scorches men and is perceived as darkness.
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Interlude: Historical Events and Revelation 16-20
A. Immediate prelude:
1. Success of Paul's mission among the Gentiles.
2. Jews provoked to jealousy/wrath, and a last harvest of Jews (Romans 11).
3. Massacre of faithful Jews in Palestine as Oral Law Judaism has a false pentecost (revival). This
is the Great Tribulation (which is upon the saints). (Revelation 14)
4. Fanatically enthusiastic Jews rebel against Rome, certain that God will bless them.
B. Three "into" judgments - the beginning of the last period of the Old Creation.
1. Bowl into the land: suggest the Roman invasion and war against Jewish rebels that began in
AD 67.
2. Bowl into the sea: suggest the tribulation in Rome and Empire after Nero went insane sowed
confusion in the empire.
3. Bowl into the springs: suggest the hardening of the hearts of the Jewish religious leaders, who
"drink" the already-shed blood of the Christians by affirming to themselves that what they
did was just.
C. Four "upon" judgments - down to the end of the Old Creation's center, the false Garden.
4. Bowl upon the sun and "men" (Jews): suggest the brightening of the sun means the brightening
of God's glory and Christ's sun-like face; the fact that the Church had not been killed but was
coming to life again and continuing to witness to Jews outside of Jerusalem.
5. Bowl upon the Roman oikumene, throne of Satan: suggest the darkening of the Roman Imperial
Seat during the chaos of the Year of Three Emperors (AD 68-69; Galba, Otho, Vitellus).
6. Bowl upon the Euphrates and the Battle of the Mountain of Assembly: suggest conflict between
Church and Gentiles begins in earnest, for the battle with Jewry is essentially over. Compare
17:12-15 and as continued in 19:11-21.
7. Bowl upon the air and destruction of Babylon: suggest the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70,
the end of the Garden-center of the Old Creation. Delineated in more detail in chapters 17-
l9a.
D. Immediate aftermath of the destruction of the False Garden = destruction of Old Creation and coming
of New.
1. Jesus rides forth to conquer (Revelation 19:11-16).
a. Millennium begins with ascended saints now enthroned with Christ (20:1-6).
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b. New Jerusalem appears in splendor as Bride (ch. 21-22).
2. Beast (Rome) and False Prophet (Herods) destroyed, at least insofar as they had any special
place in God's plan (19:17-21).
E. Later events:
1. After Millennium, Satan loosed for a little season.
2. Judgment on Satan, Last Judgment, and transfiguration of the physical cosmos.

195
LECTURE #117 – KINGS & FROGS & THE EUPHRATES – REVELATION 16:12-13
F. Sixth Bowl (vv. 12-16)

12
And the sixth poured out his bowl upon
the river
the great one
the Euphrates.
And its water was dried up,
In order that the way might be prepared for the kings from the sunrising.
13
And I saw
out of the mouth of the dragon
and out of the mouth of the [sea] beast
and out of the mouth of the false prophet
Three unclean spirits like frogs.
14
For they are spirits of demons, performing signs,
Which go out to the kings of the whole oikumene,
To gather them together for the war of the great Day of God, the Almighty.
15
Behold, I am coming like a Thief.
Blessed is the one who stays awake and guards his garments,
Lest he walk about naked and they see his shame.
16
And they gathered them together to the place that in Hebrew is called Mountain of
Assembly.
1. Overview:
a. The battle is between the Kings from the Sunrising and the Kings of the Whole Oikumene.
b. The drying up of the Euphrates releases the saints from the holy land into the whole world.
c. The plague of frogs came after the plague of blood, and this battle begins right after the
destruction of Jerusalem. (Here they are just being gathered.)
d. The original battle at the Mountain of Assembly was against the Amalekites, in Exodus 17.
e. Jesus comes like a thief to the churches, and thus this is not the second coming, but a general
warning to be ready at all times to fight the war.
f. The battle being prepared here is fought first in chapter 17 and then in chapter 19.
g. The Victory over the Oikumene is a sign of eventual victory over the entire world and all
nations.
2. The Euphrates
a. One of the two central rivers of the Old Creation
b. Eastern boundary of the holy land.
Genesis 15:18
Exodus 23:31
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197
Deuteronomy 1:7,11:24; Joshua 1:4
2 Samuel 8:3 (1 Chronicles 18:3)
2 Kings 24:7
(1) In Revelation 9:14, Sixth Trumpet, the Euphrates army invades the holy land, moving
inward.
(2) In Revelation 16:12, Sixth Bowl, the Euphrates army seems to move outward from the
holy land, toward the Oikumene.
c. The place where Jerusalem & Babylon are destroyed.
Jeremiah 13:4-11
Jeremiah 51:63 + Revelation 18:21
(1) The army comes from the Euphrates, i.e., from the place where Babylon-Jerusalem has
been destroyed.
(2) The drying up of the Euphrates:
(a) Not the drying up of the Jordan, for the army is not going into the holy land.
(b) But the drying up of the Red Sea, for the army has left Egypt-Sodom-Babylon-
Jerusalem behind, and is on its way to the Mountain of Assembly.
3. The Kings from the Sunrising.
a. Led by the Messenger from the Sunrising, 7:2,
b. The same is the Angel of Yahweh, who led Israel from Egypt to Sinai.
c. Same army as that of the Sixth Trumpet, or its replacement (since the blood of martyrs is the
seed of the Church).
4. The Frog Demons
a. Dragon = Satan God

Sea Beast = Roman Oikumene Father
False Prophet // Jewish-Edomite Leaders Son/Word
Spirits // Image of the Beast Spirit
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b. Satan, having failed to destroy the Church through Judaism, now moves Rome and its
puppets against the Church.
c. Frogs
(1) Hebrew: tsippor = bird, chirper (Tsipporah, Zipporah)

tsephar-dea' = chirper of knowledge, frog
(2) Greek: batrakhos = also onomatopoeic
(3) Croaking of frogs versus the singing of birds
(4) Frogs at night, birds by day
"night-knowledge" = darkness knowledge
d. Signs
Revelation 13: 13; 19f20
e. Unclean
Exodus 8:3 + Leviticus 11:3-4,32-38

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LECTURE #118 – KINGS OF THE OIKUMENE – REVELATION 16:14
f. Literary structure:
Bowl 4: Fire
Bowl 5: Water Plague 1: Nile to Blood Magicians duplicate
Bowl 6: Earth Plague 2: Frogs on Land Magicians duplicate
Bowl 7: Air Plague 3: Dust to Gnats Magicians defeated
The destruction of Babylon in Bowl 7 implies the defeat of the central "Egyptian magicians," the false
Jews/Judaizers. This implies the defeat of the frog-demons as "Egyptian magicians." Thus, the definitive
blow against the Old Creation is the destruction of Jerusalem, and the rest (the battle of the Mount of
Assembly) is just a mopping-up operation.
5. The Kings of the Entire Oikumene - those who rule over the whole empire.
a. Gathered against God's people.
b. According to 17:12, the Roman Emperors.
c. In 17:14, they will war against the Lamb's people (after AD 70)
d. In 17:16, they first destroy Jerusalem/Babylon, apparently thinking they are at war with God.
e. They are gathered at this point, before AD 70, so they can do their first work.
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LECTURE #119 – THE THIEF AND OUR GARMENTS – REVELATION 16:15
6. The Thief
a. A thief is a bad person, judged by God's law (Zechariah 5).
b. Jesus comes like a thief.
(1) He comes unexpectedly, at least not expected by the false virgins and the wicked.
(2) But why use the analogy of a thief! Because He comes in the persons of wicked people. The
Romans are His army. The Frog-demon army is under His control, and does His bidding.
7. The Garments
a. Stay awake, a reference back to the Parable of the Virgins.
b. Guard garments = keep the faith.
c. Nakedness and shame - reference to Adam and Eve, first of all.
(1) Shame versus glory
(2) Shame caused by unfaithfulness in the crisis

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LECTURE #120 – THE FEAST-BATTLE – REVELATION 16:16
8. The Mountain of Assembly
a. Leaving Sodom-Egypt-Babylon (Revelation 11:8)
(1) Genesis 19:3,17-19,28
(2) The Exodus
(3) Ezekie1 38:8; 40:2
b. First, Mount Sinai.
(-) Tabernacle as portable Sinai, place of assembly.
c. Transfer to Mount Zion and Jerusalem.
(1) First phase of war: Against Jerusalem.
(2) People gathered for Passover, then Romans locked them in.
d. Transfer to Church.
(1) Second phase of war: Against Church
(2) Kings from the Sunrising follow Christ against Oikumene.
e. Amalekites.
(1) Descending to sack Egypt, fight Israel along the way. Exodus 17.
(2) A Combo Power
Numbers 24:20
Genesis 14:7
Genesis 36:12
Revelation 16:13 - Beast and False Prophet
f. Pattern:
(1) Church begins to be restored: Moses; Apostles
(2) Persecution on Church by false sanctuary: Pharaoh; Jews
(3) God defeats false sanctuary: Plagues; AD 70
(4) Church moves to new privilege at Mountain: Sinai; Heavenly reign
(5) Attack by world: Amalek; Three Frog Army

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(6) Victory of gospel: Exodus; Revelation 19

(7) Peace: Exodus 18ff; Millennium
g. Exception on this occasion: At the Exodus, God destroyed Egypt and then brought the
Amalekites on the scene. Here the "Amalekites" are brought on the scene earlier so they
can destroy "Egypt," and then they war against the Church.
har mo’ed  har moged
Mountain (of) Appointed Assembly

203
LECTURE #121 – CYRUS
9. Unifying the Passage

12
And the sixth poured out his bowl upon the river
the great one
the Euphrates.
And its water was dried up,
In order that the way might be prepared for the kings from the sunrising.
a. Euphrates dried up to prepare for the coming of the Christian army, in two senses:
(1) The river dries up to make possible a new exodus out of Babylon:
Isaiah 11:15-16
Isaiah 43:14-16
Cyrus leads, Isaiah 45:1
Cyrus builds New Jerusalem, Isaiah 44:28; 45:13
(2) The river dries up so Babylon can be destroyed:
Jeremiah 51:36
Three Frog Army comes
b. So:
(1) The River Euphrates dries up and removes a11 "common grace" from Babylon-Jerusalem.
The place goes insane.
(2) The Kings From the East leave Babylon-Jerusalem, and get ready for the Battle of the
Mountain of Festival Assembly.
(3) The Three-Frog Army moves in and destroys Babylon-Jerusalem, which removes the Great
Harlot and greatly prepares the way for the Church's mission.
c. Cyrus
(1) Destroyed Old Babylon, rebuilt Jerusalem.

(2) As Jesus, captain by providence of the Three-Frog Army.
(3) As Jesus, captain by covenant of the Kings From the Sunrising Army.
13
And I saw
out of the mouth or the dragon
and out of the mouth of the [sea] beast
and out of the mouth of the false prophet
Three unclean spirits like frogs.
14
For they are spirits of demons, performing signs,
Which go out to the kings of the whole oikumene,
To gather them together for the war of the great Day of God, the Almighty.
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a. The Frogs parallel the Image of the Beast.
b. Therefore, are the Jews/Judaizers.
c. Chirpers of (false) knowledge; cp. 13:15.
d. Seek to arouse the Oikumene against the Church; 17:13-14; Acts; Epistles.
e. Eye for eye, God turns the Oikumene Army against Babylon; 17:16-17.
f. After destroying Babylon, the Oikumene Army is still active, and turns to fight the Church at the
Battle of the Mountain of Festival Assembly.
15
Behold, I am coming like a Thief.
Blessed is the one who stays awake and guards his garments,
Lest he walk about naked and they see his shame.
- Same warning as Matthew 24 and Parables: When the Kings of the Oikumene (Romans) show up,
go to the Mountain.
16
And they gathered them together to the place that in Hebrew is called Mountain of Assembly.
a. Mountain of War-Feast Assembly.
b. Not said to gather to Babylon, because Har Magedon is both Jerusalems.
c. Mountain of Assembly first, Isaiah 14:13; Rev. 17-19a.
- gathered for Passover; then war came.
d. True Mountain of Assembly next, Rev. 19b.
- marriage feast with bride; 19:7-9; 21-22.
- city comes down from heaven.
- army comes down from heaven.

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LECTURE #122 – AMALEK

206
LECTURE #123 – THE SEVENTH BOWL – THE LEPROUS HOUSE
G. Seventh Bowl (16:17-21)

17
And the seventh poured out his bowl upon the air.
And a great voice came out of the sanctuary from the throne,
Saying, "It has occurred.”
18
And what occurred were lightnings and voices and thunders.
And there was a great earthquake,
Such as there had not been since mankind came to be upon the land,
So vast an earthquake, so great.
19
And the great city came to be into three parts,
And all the cities of the nations fell.
And Babylon the Great was remembered before God,
To give her the cup of His fierce wrath-wine.
20
And every island fled,
And no mountains were found.
21
And hail great as talents comes down from heaven upon mankind,
And men blasphemed God because of the plague of hail,
Because great is its plague, severely.
17
And the seventh poured out his bowl upon the air.
And a great voice came out of the sanctuary from the throne, saying, "It has occurred."
18
And what occurred were lightnings and voices and thunders.
A. And there was a great earthquake,

Such as there had not been since mankind came to be upon the land,
So vast an earthquake, so great.
19
B. And the great city came to be into three parts,
C. And all the cities of the nations fell
D. And Babylon the Great was remembered before God,
D’ To give her the cup of His fierce wrath-wine.
20
C’ And every island fled,
B’ And no mountains were found.
21
A’ And hall great as talents comes down from heaven upon mankind,
And men blasphemed God because of the plague of hail,
Because great is its plague, severely.
1. Air - affects everyone alive.
- curse on breath? Genesis 2:7; 3:19
2. It is done - cp. 21:6
- John 19:30 - Tetelestai! "It has been brought to completion!"
- Revelation - Gegonen! “It has occurred!”
- next words: “And what occurred were…”

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3. Lightning, voices, thunders - these three are manifestation of Throne in heaven
Trumpets: Rev. 8:5 - Throne extends to earth as landquake; cf. Acts 2:2,6; 4:31
Rev. 11:13
Bowls: Rev. 11: 19 - Throne adds hailstones (anticipates
Rev. 16:18 - Throne, earthquake, hailstones (v. 21)

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LECTURE #124 – THE MEMORIAL OF JERUSALEM
4. Landquake - shakedown of Israel
Zechariah 14:4
5. Chiasm of vv. 19-20 –
a. City/mountain - Jerusalem/Sinai - high places (altars) of Land
b. Nations/islands - peoples/sea - Gentiles
c. Memorial - (anti-)sacrament
- 17:4,6; 14:19-20
- Day of Atonement memorializes Passover
6. Jerusalem into three parts -
a. Given to the three frogs for a time.
b. Ezekiel 5
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LECTURE #125 – THE COLLAPSE OF THE FIRMAMENT
7. Hail -
a. Collapse of firmament -
Genesis 7:11
Ezekiel 1:22
Revelation 4:6
b. Talent-weight = 100 lbs. (5 gold talents = $3,200,000, if gold = $400/oz.)
Why express it this way? Possibilities:
(1) Lampstand, Exodus 25:39
(2) Astral/firmament associations, Exodus 38:24-31
(3) Zechariah 5:7 - lid on ephah
parallels lid on Ark
= firmament
8. Babylon
a. Genesis 10:8-12 - a new Enoch; new Garden of Men
- First, four separate cities - world
- Last, four cities so close as to be one great city - final world
b. Genesis 11- apostate Hebrews
c. Thematic essence:
1. People come to have one religion, one universal God.

2. People apostatize from true God, but keep the notion of one universal god.
3. The true God is Trinity, so a diversified society results.
4. The false monotheism results in results in statism and imperialism.
5. Example: Nineveh - Jonah and Nahum
6. Example: Jerusalem
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LECTURE #126 – BABYLON (I)
d. Some notes on the original Babel:
(1). Personnel:
Shemites (Hebrews) Hamites (Cushites)
One religion ("lip") One vocabulary (v. 1)

Tar Bricks (v. 3)
Tower City (v. 4a)
Name Dwelling together (v. 4b)
One "lip" One people (v. 6)
Confuse "lip" (v. 7) Scattered city (v. 8)
Confused "lip" Scattered people (v. 9)
(2). Literary structure:
A. One lip, one vocabulary (culture), v. 1

B. Shinar, v. 2a
C. Dwell together, v. 2b
D. Said to one another, v. 3a
E. "Lend your strength, " v. 3b
F. Bricks and tar, v. 3c
G. Build city and tower, v. 4a
H. Name of their own, v. 4b
I. Lest we be scattered, v. 4c
H' Yahweh as Name, v. Sa
G' Examine city and tower, v. 5b
F' One people and one lip, v. 6
E. "Lend your strength," v. 7a
D’ Confuse one another, v. 7b
C' Scattered, v. 8
B' Babel, v. 9a
A' Confused lip, many cultures, v. 9b
A-H. The original situation and man's sinful plan.

I. The sinful determination of man.
H'-A'. God's judgment and the new situation.
e. Babel in history.
(1). Historical Contrast:
1. Before exile, empires sought to create Babelic systems.

2. After exile, empires no longer seek to do so, but Israel does.
(2). Babel Within Israel:

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LECTURE #127 – BABYLON (II)
Babylon in the Former Days:
Priestly era:
1. Establishment of true Tower (ladder to heaven) with patriarchs.
2. Tower and shadow-City (land) at Sinai and Conquest.
3. Judgment of apostate Tower (Tabernacle) in 1 Samuel 1-4.
Kingly era:
4. Reestablishment of true Tower (worship) by Samuel.
5. City and restored true Tower with David and Solomon.
6. Judgment on apostate City (and Tower) at exile.
Babylon in the Latter Days:
Priestly era:
1. Tower built, now embracing Jerusalem as sacrally-bounded "Holy City," in days of Zechariah
and Nehemiah.
2. Judgment on apostate Tower when Jesus leaves the Temple and Jerusalem and pronounces
judgment on them in Matthew 23-25.
Kingly era:
1. Jesus ascends to right hand of the Father as King. Jesus as True Tower and the Church as
Temple-City.
2. Apostasy of the Church under Judaizers, and judgment of the whole old creation in AD 70.
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LECTURE #128 – OVERVIEW OF REVELATION 18
The Seven Last Visions

After the Bowls:
1. The Seven Letters (1-3)

a. Intro: Jesus (1)
b. The Seven Letters
2. The Seven Seals (4-7)

a. Intro: Jesus (4-5)
b. The Seven Seals (8th letter)
3. The Seven Trumpets (8-14)

a. The Seven Trumpets (8-11)
b. After: Woman, Dragon & Beasts, Saints, Harvest (12-14)
c. Climax: Seven "angels" (3 Jesus, 4 spirits), in ch. 14.
4. The Seven Libation-Bowls (15-22)

a. The Seven Bowls (15-16)
b. After: Woman, Dragon & Beasts, Saints, City (17-22)
c. Structure: Seven "angels" (3 Jesus, 4 spirits)
The Seven Final Visions:
A. Bowl Angel, 17:1
B. Other Angel (Jesus), 18:1
C. Angel (strong), 18:21
D. Jesus, 19:11
C' Angel (sun), 19:17
B' Key Angel {Jesus), 20: 1
A' Bowl Angel, 21:9
A. Bowl Angel, 17:1

Come hither
Show you the harlot
Into a wilderness in the Spirit
Rules nations and kings of the land (17:1,15,17,18)
Day 1: wilderness; harlot hovers over waters

Coming down from heaven
Having great authority
"I sit as a queen," 18:7
Burned up, 18:8
Merchants and Shipmasters lament
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Day 2: firmament glory light (18:1)
C. Strong Angel, 18:21

Sea
No feast for wicked, 18:22-23
Feasts for righteous, 19:7-9
Day 3: sea & land, bread & wine
D. Jesus rides forth in victory, 19:11-16

Day 4: Rulers and governors
C' Angel, 19:17 Sun

Sun
Feasts for birds, 19:17-18
Day 5: birds
B' Key Angel (Jesus), 20:1

Having key (authority)
Reigned 1000 years, 20:4
Wicked burned up, 20:15
Saints comforted, 21:3-8
Day 6: mankind established in rule
A' Bowl Angel, 21:9

Come hither
Show you the Bride
To a mountain in the Spirit
Rules nations and kings of the land (21:24,26)
Day 7: sabbath
Structure of Revelation 17
A. The Woman, 1-2
B. The Beast, 3
Beast
Heads
Horns
A' The Woman, 4-6

Clothed as High Priest, 4-5
Drunk on Blood, 6
B' The Beast, 7-17

Introduction, 7
Beast, 8
Heads, 9-11
Horns, 12-17
A" The Woman, 18

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LECTURE #129 – HARLOT (I)
1
And came forth one of the seven angels,
Of those having the seven bowls,
And spoke with me, saying:
"Come hither!
I shall show you the judgment of the Harlot, the Great one,
The sitter upon many waters,
2
With whom fornicated
The kings of the land;
And were made DRUNK
The dwellers on the land,
From the WINE of her fornication.
A. An extension of the bowl judgments; aftermath.
B. Great Harlot: false church.
C. Above the waters:
1. Genesis 1:2.
2. Spirit as creator of environment, city, bride. Counterfeited.
3. Waters as gentiles, v. 15.
4. Church as Spirit-led priest forms the Gentiles into a cosmos. Counterfeited.
5. And/or: Water as Judaizing doctrine, foundation of false church, 12:15-16.
D. Marriage and wine:
1. One flesh: eating and sex.
2. "Marriage Feast."
3. Counterfeit: "Harlot Orgy."
4. Israel married to Yahweh, "made love" at feasts: mutual/reciprocal self-giving.
5. False Israel married to self, "fornicated" at feasts: selfish taking. (e. g., Cor. 11)
3
And he carried me away to a wilderness in the Spirit.
And I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast,
Full of blasphemous names,
Having seven heads and ten horns.
A. Wilderness:
1. Between Egypt and Promised Land: AD 30-70.

215
2. True & fa1se Israel, 12:6&14.
3. Azazel goat with sins upon it.
B. Woman on beast counterfeits Yahweh on cherubim. Again: self-worship.
C. Scarlet beast: both and Rome; 12:3; 13:1.
D. Blasphemous names: evil cherub, 4:6.
E. Heads: sequence o empires.
F. Horns: Roman emperors.

216
LECTURE #130 – TEXTUAL CRITICISM

4
And the woman was arrayed with purple and scarlet [crimson],
And gilded with gold and precious stones and pearls,
Having a golden cup in her hand,
Full of abominations
And the unclean things of her fornication,
5
And on her forehead a name written:
MYSTERY
BABYLON THE GREAT
MOTHER OF THE HARLOTS
AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE LAND.
6
And I saw that the woman was drunk
with the blood or the saints [holy ones]
and with the blood or the witnesses or Jesus.
And I wondered, when I saw her, with a great wonder.
A. The five-fold description: "And I saw:"
Sitting on a scarlet beast full of NAMES.

Arrayed with purple and scarlet.
Gilded with gold, gems, and pearls.
Having a gold cup in hand.
Having a NAME on forehead.
B. The Harlot is the Beast-Image of Revelation 13 = church.
1. Names on heads of Beast in 13:1 are also on Beast-Image here.
2. Scarlet Beast gives scarlet to Beast-Image.

217
LECTURE #131 – HARLOT (II)
C. Purple and Scarlet (crimson):
1. Like, but not same, as High Priest's blue robe.
2. Purple robe: Mark 15:17&20, John 19:2&5 - Jesus' royal robe.
3. Scarlet robe: Matthew 27:28 - Jesus' royal robe.
4. Church as body of Christ. Counterfeit.
D. Gold, Gems, Pearls:
1. Gold and gems like High Priest's ephod.
2. Pearls (margaritas) from sea: gentiles added.
3. "Gilded" is architectural, cf. 1 Kings 6:35, etc.
4. High Priest in his robes is image of God in tabernacle/temple.
- man as image of God
5. Harlot is false High Priest, Temple, and City.
E. The Cup:
1. Counterfeit of the Cup of Jesus.
2. His cup is a cup of suffering.
3. We drink His blood-wine, join His suffering for the world.
4. Her cup is opposite, a cup of triumph in the sense of oppression.
5. She drinks our blood-wine, which is abomination and unclean.
F. Abominations:
1. Drinking of blood strictly forbidden:
Genesis 9:4
Leviticus 17:10-14
2. Abomination that causes desolation:
Matthew 24: 15
Ezekiel 8-11
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G. Unclean things of her fornication: Leviticus 15
1. The false church worships herself, Revelation 13: 15.
2. This is spiritual masturbation.
3. Her sacrament is to drink her own menstruation.
4. This imagery is supposed to horrify us.
H. Name on Forehead:
1. Is "mystery" part of name, or is it a "mystery name"?
2. Counterfeit of High Priest's Golden Flower.
3. Counterfeit of the sign on the cross (John 19:19):
JESUS THE NAZARENE

THE KING OF THE JEWS
a. the GREAT versus "can anything good come from Nazareth?" (John 1:46).
b. "Mother of the harlots" versus "King of the Jews."
c. Harlots and Abominations are people: Jews/Judaizers.

219
LECTURE #132 – GIDEON AND REVELATION
I. Drunk on blood:
1. Abomination of Desolation = massacre of believers, ch. 14.
2. "Holy ones" = Old Creation believers; "Witnesses of Jesus" = New Creation.
J. Wonder:
1. "Original sin: man's self-worship.
2. After all the visions of God, John is now amazed at original sin.
3. Man as daughter, sister, bride: makes herself God.
4. All cosmic religions have the feminine as ultimate: Mother Earth.
- we are seeing an attempt to revive this today.
- Roman Catholicism approaches this by making the Church an equal source of

revelation with the Bible; by elevating Mary almost to Co-redemptrix.
220
LECTURE #133 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 1 – ORIGIN OF THE MYSTERIES
Excursus: A Few Thoughts on the Fall
1. Nakedness
2:25
Now the two of them were naked ('arummim), the man and his woman, and they did not sense shame.
2. Serpent's nature
3:1
And the serpent: He was crafty ('arum), more than all the beasts of the field that Yahweh God
made.
3. Serpent speaks
And he said to the woman, "Indeed, did God really say, 'NOT shall you eat from any tree of
the garden'?"
4. Woman speaks
2
And the woman said to the serpent, "From the fruit of the trees of the garden we may
eat. 3And from the fruit of the tree that is in the center of the garden, God said, 'NOT
shall you eat from it, and NOT shall you touch it, or YOU WILL DIE.
5. Serpent speaks
4
And the serpent said to the woman, "NOT DYING YOU SHALL DIE.
5
For God is knowing that in the day of your eating from it
your eyes will be opened
and you will be like God, knowing good and evil."
6. Humanity adopts serpent's nature

6
And the woman saw
that good was the tree for food,
and that pleasant was it to the eyes,
and desirable was the tree for gaining wisdom,
and she took from its fruit,
and she ate,
and she gave also to her husband with her,
and he ate.
7. Nakedness
7a
And the eyes of both of them were opened
and they knew that they were naked.
3:7b
A. And they sewed fig leaves and made for themselves girdings.
8a
B. And they heard the sound/voice of Yahweh God walking in the garden in the cool of the day.
8b
C. And they hid -- the man and his woman -- from the face of Yahweh God among the
garden's trees.
9a
D. And Yahweh God called to the man.
9b
C' And He said to him "Where are you?"
10a
B' And he said "Your sound/voice I heard in the garden,
10b
A' "And I was afraid because I was naked and I hid."
A. Lucifer as Chief Tutor.
- the "Second Lucifer"

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B. Fa1se prophecy as main problem/weapon:
1. False prophets in OT
2. Matthew 24
3. 2 Thessalonians 2
4. Judaizers
C. Stirs up wife against husband, human leader:
1. Murder of prophets
2. Divisions in Corinth
3. Paul’s self-vindications
D. Impatience for glory at heart of sin:
-- Judaizers not willing to serve
Ba1aamites
Nicolaitans
Lording it over
Laying new laws on the people
222
LECTURE #134 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 2 – THE TWO MYSTERIES, PART 1
6d
7
And the angel said to me, "Why did you wonder?
I shall tell you the mystery
of the woman
and of the beast that carries her,
which has the seven heads
and the ten horns.
8
A. The beast that you saw
a
was,
b
and is not,
c
and is about to come up out of the abyss,
d
and to destruction goes.
B. And those who dwell on the land will wonder, whose name has not been written in the book of
life from the foundation of the world, when they see the beast, that he
a
was,
b
and is not
c
and will appear.
9
B’ Here is the mind that has wisdom:
The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits,
10
And they are seven kings.
the five fell;
the one is;
the other has not yet come;
and when he comes, a little while he must remain.
11
A’ And the beast that
a
was,
b
and is not,
c
also he is an eighth,
and or the seven is,
d
and to destruction goes."
The chiasm:
A. Satan carries the wicked to azazel.

B. The wicked marvel.
B' The righteous have wisdom.
A' Satan carries the wicked to azazel.
Into the Lake of Fire:
A. Babylon and her people, 14:8-11

B. Beasts, 19:20
C. Millennium
B' Satan, 20:10
A' Hades and its people, 20:14-15
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6d
7
And the angel said to me, "Why did you wonder?
I shall tell you the mystery
of the woman
and of the beast that carries her,
which has the seven heads
and the ten horns.
A. Wondering or marveling:
- at Jesus in the gospels
- at unbelief, Mark 6:6
- at Judaizing apostasy, Galatians 1:6, Revelation 17:6-7
- at Beast, Revelation 13:3, 17:8
-- the wicked marvel at power, either Jesus' or the Beast's.
-- the ,righteous marvel at unbelief: How could anyone reject God?
B. The Mystery:
1. Two aspects: woman and beast that carries her.
2. Counterfeit of 12:14 - cherubim carry the Church.
3. Beast carries woman, who is sin incarnate, to azazel.
- compare storks in Zechariah 5.
4. Note ritual in Leviticus 16:
A. Bull for Aaron goes into Holy of Holies: compare Jesus.
B. Goat for people goes into Holy of Holies: compare saints.
1. Note that the goat covers a whole list of types of sins in 16:16.
2. Only after both have gone into Holy of Holies is the earth (altar) covered.
C. Sins are put on Azazel Goat and it is sent to destruction.

224
LECTURE #135 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 3 – THE TWO MYSTERIES, PART 2
C. Explanation of the Mystery.

- revelation of what has been concealed:
- symbolically, behind the veils: a new people
- personally, the Messianic secret: God among us
- doctrinally, the parables: the mystery of the Kingdom
- of wickedness:
- symbolically, the woman out of the ephah, Revelation 17:5&7
- personally, the man of lawlessness, beast, 2 Thessalonians 2:7
- doctrinally, evil teaching, 2 Thessalonians 2:7
- simultaneous exposure: the revelation of the Kingdom exposes the mystery of iniquity.
- The mystery of iniquity is this: to maintain a civilization by blaming innocent people for your own
sins, making them the scapegoat to bear away your own sins.
How this system works:
1. A disaster comes.
2. It cannot be our fault.
3. We must find someone to blame.
4. The person to be blamed is the person who does not fit in (stranger, widow, lame, etc.)
- especially, the person who is blaming us for the disaster (a prophet)
5. We cannot face what we are really doing, without admitting our own fault, so:
6. The victim must be forced to admit guilt.
7. The scapegoat must then be killed or exiled.
8. This resolves the problem, makes us feel good.
9. Out of this rest comes social energy, and civilization is re-founded.
10. Suppressed guilt is assuaged by making the innocent victim into a god.
225
LECTURE #136 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 4 – OEDIPUS & THE PHARISEES
Examples:
1. The forced confessions under Soviet communism, when the 5-year plans failed.
2. Oedipus the King and Qedipus at Colonos
- (only in the pre-Christian world do we see the pattern in its totality, because Christianity
defuses it. )
3. The Pharisees (Matthew 23, etc.)
sin against Father: fatherless (outcasts) persecuted

sin against Brother: )
stranger persecuted, made second-class in Judaism
cursing the deaf
tripping the blind (John 9:2)
sin against Spirit: widow persecuted as witch
4. Treatment of Jews and other "oddities" in semi-Christian cultures.

226
LECTURE #137 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 5 – JOB’S DISTRESS
Breaking the pattern: when the victim refuses to cooperate.
1. Cain and Abel.
2. Job. (Note that the victim needs to be readjusted after his trauma.)
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LECTURE #139 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 7 – CRISIS TIME

228
LECTURE #140 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 8 – JEREMIAH & SOCRATES
3. Jeremiah. (Note that the Jews built monuments to the prophets they killed.)
4. Jesus. (This is the full revelation, and changes history.)
5. The saints in Revelation. (They extend the revelation into history.)
- Note that the upheavals in Palestine brought about the scapegoating of the Christians. Nero
did the same when Rome burned.
6. The secret of victory:

a. Refuse to admit guilt. Stand firm in Christ.
b. Be martyred.
c. This exposes the fact that the sinners are at fault.
d. Civilization cannot be rebuilt.
e. Many will convert.
f. Thus, the blood of martyrs is the seed of the church.
g. God promises to wipe away our tears.
7. 'Note: You don't have to understand this pattern, this mystery or secret of iniquity, in order to be
victorious over it. The Bible only teaches this mystery by implication. All the saints need to
do is obey Jesus and stand fast, and the mystery of iniquity will be broken.
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LECTURE #141 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 9 – SUMMARY, HISTORY OF ISRAEL
Summary points:
1. In normal times, society exists in a balance brought about by a tension of envy and rivalry, with
some scapegoating and persecution, but nothing major.
2. In crisis times, society falls apart into open discord, and a scapegoat is sought that all can agree
in persecuting.
3. The scapegoat tends to cooperate because the need to "belong" and to "be a part of” the society
is greater than his need to maintain innocence, unless he keeps his mind firmly fixed on his membership in
the Society of God.
4. Every non-Christian society is fragile, a house of cards built of mutual envy, ready to shatter in
times of crisis. The more Christian influence there is, the more love and mutual service overcome envy &
rivalry and make for long-term stability.
5. After a crisis, when the scapegoat has been punished, society re-forms and settles down, with
new "myths" (stories that tell how the society came to be).
6. If the scapegoating process fails to work, the society will not re-form, and the tension will
become worse and worse. The crisis is prolonged.
7. The Truth destroys the scapegoating process, because Jesus refused to admit guilt, resisted the
temptation to be part of the old fallen community, and kept His eyes on the Society of God. After His death,
His followers insisted on His innocence.
8. The sacrificial life and death of Jesus exposed the horror of human society, built on envy and
rivalry. Those involved in His death felt guilt. Many changed, and formed a new society around Jesus,
based on love and mutual service.
9. Jesus was identified as the perfect scapegoat by the wicked because He appeared to be an open
blasphemer. Christians are similarly identified, because they claim to know God personally. This claim is
intellectually offensive to “Greeks,” morally offensive to “Jews.” Thus, like Jesus, Christians make good
scapegoats. As with Jesus, men must lie about Christians in order to criminalize them.
10. Those who do not move into the new Christian society become more and more mutually
destructive, as the crisis is prolonged.
11. In the fullness of time: A. Israel
a. In the days of Antiochus Epiphanes, the Jews committed the abomination of desolation and
destroyed the Restoration Covenant.
b. They united against Antiochus, but then broke apart into rivalrous factions.
c. This situation continued down to Jesus' time.
d. The pressure increased with Roman rule, which became harsh in response to repeated Jewish
rebellions.
e. All the Jewish factions united to kill Jesus; even Herod and Pilate became friends.
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f. The apostolic church, by insisting on Jesus' innocence and on His resurrection and
continuing presence, destroyed the value of the scapegoating process.
g. The Jews could not re-form into a new, more unified society on the basis of scapegoating
Jesus, and so the tensions threatened to break out. But they kept the temporary unity
because the crisis was prolonged for six months until the martyrdom of Stephen.
h. The departure of the Christians from Jerusalem allowed the Jews to settle back down into
their rivalrous society. The immediate crisis was over, but the deeper problem has not
been resolved, and so tensions increased. The Jews became more and more mutually
destructive, and more and more rebellious against Rome. Harsh pressure from Rome
increased, and so did the hatred of the Jews for each other.
i. The completion Herod's Temple in AD 64 was accompanied by a revival in Judaism. By now

the Christian witness was quite visible, and there was great hostility to the Christians all over
the land, because every family had a member who had left to follow Christ. The Jews were
able to unite to persecute Christians, but the Christians who were not massacred "fled to
the mountains." Once again, the Jews were left with their crisis unresolved, and turned
against each other with even more violent mutual hatred.
j. In the late 60s, the Romans surrounded Jerusalem and destroyed it, but not before the Jews
had killed each other off to a great extent inside the city.
k. The Jews were finally able to re-form as a community on the basis of hatred of Jesus and of
the Christians, in the form of "Oral Law" Judaism.
231
LECTURE #142 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 10 – THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
13. In the fullness of time: B. The Oikumene
a. The expansion of the Roman empire and of prosperity, and the expansion of Rome itself into the
Italian countryside, created conflicts between the patricians and plebeians in Rome. This led to
the century-long Roman Civil War, which was only relieved by occasional wars with Carthage,
which would temporarily unify the people. This was the first phase of the Roman Revolution: the
"period of rising expectations.”
b. The second phase, the “revolution of the moderates," took place when the three most powerful men
in Rome formed a new kind of government, a "triumvirate." This did not last long.
c. Soon came the "revolution of the radicals." The decadent but heroic Julius Caesar became a hero to
the Romans, but he greatly offended them by bringing the Egyptian Cleopatra to Rome with
their son, and by courting a crown, which the Romans all rejected. The Romans unified to a
degree and put Caesar to death. This scapegoating process did not quite work, however, because
Caesar's supporters insisted on his righteousness, stated that he had wanted to give money and
rights to all the people (the "radical" side) and Caesar's nephew Octavian (Augustus) mounted an
army to avenge his family.
d. The once adored, then feared and vilified Caesar was divinized and made a god, and the line of his
heirs became "emperors" (not "kings"). This settled the Roman Revolution, and reconstituted the
Roman Oikumene into a new form at the top. (The fourth phase of revolution: "the triumph of a
dictator. ")
e. During this period, as we have stated, the new 7th Head Roman Oikumene coexisted with the older
6th Head Hellenistic Oikumene (in its fourth, Roman, phase). The 7th head desired to complete
the conquest of the 6th, and so the Emperor-worship cult was spread into the empire. Finally,
Caesar's descendant Nero burned Old Rome in AD 64 in order to build a new one designed by
himself. Nero fancied himself virtually a god, a "renaissance man" with all talents, and godlike, he
wanted to build a new world.
f. The crisis precipitated by the burning of Rome called for a scapegoat, and Nero picked the
Christians. Thus ensued the first great persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. Note that
Roman and Jew unite in scapegoating Christians after AD 64. As we have seen, scapegoating
Christians does not work, and so the Roman crisis was not resolved. Soon Nero was dead,
and a civil war erupted in Rome in the "year of three emperors.” Because the scapegoating of
Christians did not work, Roman and Jew were soon at each other's throats again. A new scapegoat
for Rome was found: Jerusalem. The destruction of Jerusalem successfully completed the
scapegoating process, and the leaders of the Jerusalem campaign (Vespasian and Titus) became
the new line of Roman emperors.
g. The settling of this Neronic crisis ended the 7th Head Roman Oikumene of the line of the Caesars,
and created a new Rome outside of the sequence of Biblical prophecy.
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LECTURE #143 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 11 – ROME AND ISRAEL
Chronology:
753 BC Founding of Rome.
509 BC Overthrow of the seventh 'Roman king, Tarquin the Proud, by Lucius
Junius Brutus.
400 BC Romans begin subjugation of Italy.
Third Beast 338 BC Philip of Macedon completes conquest of Greece.
334 BC Alexander, son of Philip, invades Asia & Persia.
Third Beast: 1st Head 330 BC Alexander completes conquest of Persia.
2nd Head 323 BC Alexander dies; Ptolemies of Egypt control Palestine (King of the
South).
270 BC Rome completes subjugation of Italy.
264 BC First Punic War (Rome against Carthage in North Africa) begins.
201 BC Second Punic War ends with Carthage's surrender to Rome.
3rd Head 199 BC After many conflicts, Seleucids of Syria (King of the North) take
control of Palestine.
197 BC Rome conquers Greece.
190 BC Rome defeats Syria and takes much territory.
168 BC Rome reconquers Greece after revolt.
(4th Head) 142 BC Judea throws off Syrians, but appeals to Rome for help. With Rome's
blessing Judea remains relatively independent until 63 BC.
133 BC Tiberius Gracchus, a tribune, seeks land reform in Rome to favor the
poor, but is assassinated. Beginning of the Roman Civil War, which
was mainly a political conflict, and lasted about a century.
123 BC Gaius Gracchus, a tribune, pushes through a law guaranteeing cheap

gram for the poor In Rome.
101 BC Gaius Marius, a popular Roman leader and general, becomes a great
hero for defeating Germans and extending the Roman territories.
100 BC Marius has several tribunes of the people, who wanted more cheap food
for the poor, killed.
91 BC Three-year Italian revolt against Rome

233
87 BC Popular general Cornelius Sulla removes demagogues from Rome,

institutes reforms; leaves. Under Cornelius Cinna, a reign of terror
against Roman nobility ensues.
80 BC After many victories, Sulla returns and takes over Rome as Dictator.
Institutes many reforms, stops the free distribution of grain, and
abolishes the Tribunes of the people.
71 BC Third Roman Slave Revolt, led by Spartacus, is defeated by Licinius,

Crassus and Pompey.
70 BC Crassus and Pompey become Consuls, restore free grain, restore the
office of Tribune; begin the course of ruling by buying the
popularity of the people. A new kind of Rome is rising.
4th Head 63 BC Pompey completes Roman conquest of Syria with the subjugation of
Judea. Meanwhile a rebellion of the disgruntled and unenfranchised
in Rome under Sergius Cataline is crushed.
60 BC Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar form the First Triumvirate to rule
Rome in a new way. Fourth Beast begins to arise.
58 BC Roman demagogue A. C. Pulcher distributes free grain to 300,000 in

bid to become consul.
54 BC The First Triumvirate breaks apart.
49 BC After ten years of fighting in Gaul and Britain, for which he has
become famous, Caesar crosses the Rubicon River and takes Rome
away from his opponents. Over the next few years he defeats
Pompey and fights in the east and in Africa.
46 BC Caesar returns to Rome.
Fourth Beast 44 BC Caesar is made Dictator For Life, and assassinated by Crassus, Marcus
1st Horn Brutus and others.
43 BC Marcus Anthony and Gaius Octavian Caesar form Second Triumvirate

with Marcus Lepidus.
42 BC Julius Caesar is formally deified by the Triumvirate.
41 BC Marc Anthony enters into alliance with Cleopatra.
Herod 1 37 BC Herod the Great begins his reign.
31 BC Octavian arouses Rome against Marc Anthony, charging that he and

Cleopatra want to rule the Roman Empire. Antony defeated at
Battle of
Actium. Soon he and Cleopatra are both dead. This ends any possibility
of a continuation of Rome as an essentially Hellenistic empire based on
trade; Third Beast defeated, but not yet ended.
2nd Horn 27 BC Octavian becomes first Roman Emperor, changing his name to
Augustus Caesar
234
20 BC Herod begins building of Temple.
3rd Horn 14 BC Augustus dies. Tiberius reigns.
6 BC Birth of Jesus, two years before the death of Herod (approximate).
Herod 2 4 BC Death of Herod the Great. Herod Antipas becomes Tetrarch of

Galilee.
AD 30 Death and resurrection of Jesus. Death of Stephen. Conversion of Paul.

Scattering of Christians from Jerusalem. Peter at Lydda, then Joppa.
Conversion of Cornelius. Preaching to gentiles at Antioch begins.
AD 33 End of Daniel 9's 490 years "for Jerusalem." Christian center shifts to
Antioch. Paul visits Jerusalem and then begins teaching in Tarsus
and then in Antioch.
4th Horn AD 37 Tiberius dies. Gaius Caligula reigns.
5th Horn AD 41 Ca1igula murdered. Claudius reigns. Herod Agrippa I becomes king of
Herod 3 Judea.
AD 44 Paul in Jerusalem. Herod Agrippa I kills James, imprisons Peter, dies.
Herod 4 AD 50 Herod Agrippa II become Tetrarch of “Northern Territory.”
6th Horn AD 54 Claudius dies. Nero reigns.
AD 58 (approx.) Arrest of Paul, and his vindication.
AD 62 (approx.) Revelation of Jesus Christ to John.
Fourth Beast AD 64 Rome burns. Persecution of Christians begins. Temple completed.

Final end of Third Beast and Old Rome; full entry of Fourth Beast,
Apostate Rome.
AD 67 General Vespasian enters Judea to put down insurrection. Beginning of

the Jewish War.
7th Horn AD 68 Nero sentenced to death, suicides. Galba rules for six months.
8th Horn AD 69 Otho kills Galba, rules one month. Vitellus kills Otho, rules five
months. Vespasian returns to Rome and Vitellus is killed in a street
brawl. Vespasian rules.
9th Horn AD 70 Vespasian leaves Titus to complete siege of Jerusalem, which falls on
10th Horn September 7.
235
LECTURE #144 – THE MYSTERY OF INIQUITY: 12 – RETURNING TO REVELATION 17
The inversion of the scapegoat pattern:
1. True justice: The sins are put on the wicked, where they belong, and the wicked are exiled or
killed.
2. In mystery form: The day of atonement: goat carries sins to azazel (destruction).
3. In Revelation: Beast carries Babylon to destruction (17:7)
4. Verse 7 describes the authority (heads) and power (horns) of the Beast to show that this is not
some partial resolution of the problem, but a total one, in two phases:
a. In AD 70: Roman form of Beast carries Babylon away.
b. After Millennium, Satan carries all the wicked away.
8
The beast that you saw
a
was,
b
and is not,
c
and is about to come up out of the abyss,
d
and to destruction goes.
A. Satan's Judaizing campaign defeated (from Revelation 9-11).
B. He is about to return for his final effort before AD 70.
C. Eventually he will go to destruction, to azazel.
And those who dwell on the land will wonder, whose name has not been written in the book of life
from the foundation of the world, when they see the beast, that he
a
was,
b
and is not,
c
and will appear .
A. The wicked (non-elect) are impressed with signs and wonders (Matthew 24:24),
B. The appearance of Satan through the Land Beast (2 Thessalonians 2:9).
9
Here is the mind that has wisdom:
The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits,
10
And they are seven kings.
the five fell;
the one is;
the other has not yet come;
and when he comes, a little while he must remain.
A. The wicked marvel, while the saints have wisdom.
- the "mind" is the "mind of Christ"

236
- wisdom to discern what is rea11y going on.
B. Seven mountains = seven kingdoms; cp. Revelation 21:10.
- not the seven little hills of Rome, or of Jerusalem.
C. Seven kings = rulers of these kingdoms, as sets of rulers, not persons.
- the horns will be specific persons.
D. Five fell = i.e., did not go to destruction, but may still be around:
1. Babylon
2. Persia
3. Greece
4. Greek Egypt
5. Greek Syria
E. One is = Greek Rome
F. One is to come = Nero's new Rome: Imperial Rome
- Don't worry: It won't last long.
G. Summary: Wisdom sees the reality that is it not so impressive. It is not really Satan's signs and
wonders, but the succession of empires, none of which last very long. Meanwhile, "His kingdom is
forever," as Luther wrote.
237
LECTURE #145 – THE EIGHTH HEAD - REVELATION 17:11
11
And the beast that
a
was,
b
and is not,
c
also he is an eighth,
d
and to destruction goes."
A. Satan is an invisible eighth head of the historical, visible beast.
B. Or: perhaps more likely, the 8th head refers to the Land Beast, the Herod-High Priest complex of
Temple ruler, the False Prophet
Danie1 7:8
Daniel 7:19-27
Three Roman Emperors give their power to three Herods:
Augustus: to Herod the Great, who tried to kill Jesus.

Tiberius: to Herod Antipas, who killed John and Jesus.
Claudius: to Herod Agrippa I, who killed James.
- The Land Beast is the face of the Sea Beast in the Land, among God's older people, the Jews and
Jewish Christians. Revelation 13:3,12,14.
C. "Of the seven," or literally: "Out of the seven."
- Either this means "apart from the seven," the spirit animating the seven-headed beast, but apart
from it.
- Or it means "one of the seven," the actual seventh head, of which Nero is only a puppet. This goes
with A. above, and assumes that Satan possesses Nero as he possessed Judas.
- Or, perhaps more likely, it means "out of” and refers back to the Little Horn of Daniel 7, who
comes "out or' the Roman beast.
- Jesus is the True Eighth Head, who does not come "out of” the seven. The false 8th head is, thus,
the False Prophet, False Messiah(s) of Matthew 24; the Man of Sin.
238
The Sequence of Empires in Daniel 7 and Revelation 17
Land Son of Man

Beast
(Ten Emperors) (Counterfeit

(Small Horn) Messiah)
Heads
or Lion Bear Leopard Leopard Leopard Leopard “Dragon”
Kings
Mountains
Babylon Persia Macedonia Egypt Syria Rome Imperial Rome New Jerusalem
Greece
Head 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (8) 8
or
King
#
239
LECTURE #146 – THE TEN HORNS - REVELATION 17:12-14
D. Summary: The "Beast" of Revelation 17
1. Scarlet: the Red Beast of Revelation 12:3 - Satan.
2. Full of blasphemous names: not just names on the head: thus Satan (contrast Revelation 13:1,
contrast Revelation 4:6).
3. Seven heads and ten horns: Satan as ruler of old history, false altar ladder (Revelation 12:3).
4. Seven heads as mountains and kingdoms: Sea Beast, manifestation of Satan in whole Oikumene.
5. Eighth head out of the seven: Land Beast, manifestation of Satan and Sea Beast in the Land.
12
And the ten horns that you saw are ten kings:
A. who have not yet received a kingdom,

B. but authority as kings for one hour receive with the Beast.
13
C. These have one mind,
B' and their power and authority
A' to the Beast they will give up.
Ten horns =
ten extensions upward of the heads,
ten peaks of the mountain,
ten pointed manifestations of the beast-empire,
ten emperors of Imperial Rome.
(A & A ') Not yet received a kingdom, because they give it all to the Beast:
1. Rome is still the God-appointed Beast-guardian.
2. Rome is now acting as Wild Beast, but through the powers of the emperors.
3. When the Beast is gone, the emperors will have their own kingdom.
4. Note that the Beast gives them authority, which they return to the Beast.
Compare that Jesus gives us authority, which we return to Him as we cast our crowns before
Him. The horns are mutual with the Beast as we are mutual with Jesus.
(B & B') Have authority for one hour with the Beast:
1. Though the emperors reigned in sequence, they are considered as a unit.
"And the ten horns that you saw are [a set of] ten kings"
2. The "one hour" extends from AD 64 to AD 70:
a. First, attack on the Church.
b. Second, attack on Jerusalem (18:10,17,19 - only other "one hour" references).

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c. Last hour of the Day of the Lord (24 archangels; 24 hours).
d. Just one hour: Revelation 3:10.
3. Compare the Great Commission: We have authority with Christ age after age
Revelation 20
(C) One mind, or intention or purpose:
1. In their minds, they are united with the Beast against God.
2. In reality, they are united by God for His purposes, v. 17.
14
These with the Lamb will make war,
and the Lamb will overcome them,
because Lord of lords He is,
and King of kings,
and [even] those with Him: called and elect and faithful.
A. Note the opposition of Beast and Lamb. Consider how the Beast is described. Surely any such conflict
is just Godzilla versus Bambi. But the Lamb wins!
B. The way in which the Lamb wins is not set forth until 19:11-16, where "King of kings and Lord of
lords" is repeated. The victory comes through proclamation of the Truth and perseverance under duress.
C. The Beast is a king of kings. The seventh head is a king, and so are its horns (17:10&12).
D. Satan is also a lord of lords, as lords are angels. The only place in Revelation where kurios (lord) is used
of anyone other than God is 7:14, referring to an angel.
E. The Lamb is Lord of lords, which in Revelation may imply angels, as we have just seen. Otherwise it is
just a parallel to "King of kings." But the placement of the verb between the two phrases implies a slight
contrast.
F. The Lamb is King of kings, who are identified further as the called, elect, and faithful. Just as "kings of
the land" refers to the Jews, so "kings of the Lamb" refers to Christians.
a. Called. They hear the Father's voice.

b. Elect. They are elect in the Son.
c. Faithful. They persevere by the Spirit.
G. Note that being a king under the King does not involve any great, visible, heroic action. It is simply a
matter of being called, elect, and remaining faithful.
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LECTURE #147 – EYE FOR EYE - REVELATION 17:15
15
And he says to me, "The waters that you saw,
where the harlot sits,
peoples
and multitudes are,
and nations
and tongues.
16
And the ten horns that you saw,
and the beast,
these will hate the harlot,
and desolate they will make her,
and naked,
and her flesh they will eat,
and her they will burn up with fire.
17
For God gave into their hearts to do His mind,
and to do one mind,
and to give their kingdom to the beast,
until the words of God should be fulfilled.
18
And the woman that you saw is the great city
that has a kingdom over the kings of the land. "
A. The waters:
1. Cosmic imagery: over the waters (discussed earlier)
2. Political meaning: fourfold humanity of the oikumene.
a. Review:
tongues: Babelic, Patriarchal era
tribes: Mosaic, priestly era
nations: Kingly era
peoples: Oikumenical era
b. Last term in these lists is the determining one: Babel
c. "Tribes" replaced with "multitudes," linked with "peoples":
(1) Perhaps because Babylon here is the priestly focus, the false religion, she takes the place
of "tribes."
(2) Thus, the list is threefold as well as fourfold.
(3) "Peoples" is first, alluding to the oikumene. "Multitudes" shows vast numbers.
3. In what sense does Babylon "rule" the gentiles?
B. The beast(s) turn against the harlot.
1. Recall the "mystery of iniquity" scapegoating process: Failing to make the accusations against the
Christians stick, they turn against the Jews, another "anomalous group."
242
2. But, doesn't Satan know better?
a. Not necessarily. Otherwise, he would not have executed Jesus. Plainly, Satan did not
understand the sacrificial system and its meaning.
b. Evil is not grand and deep and profound, but petty and stupid and degraded.
c. Also, God puts it into their hearts to do this.
C. The action of the beast(s) and horns:
these will hate the harlot,

and desolate they will make her,
and naked,
and her flesh they will eat,
and her they will burn up with fire.
hate
harlot
desolate
her
naked
her flesh
eat
her
burn up
1. Hatred and burning. Fire as emotional presence, for good or ill.
2. Desolation and flesh-eating. Removal of her body, the body politic of the Jewish church-state.
3. Naked. Central. Genesis 2-3. Removal of protection against God's wrath.
4. Compare 17:4-5 -
a. Naked: clothed in purple and scarlet, adorned with gold, gems, and pearls.
b. Flesh: cup of abominations and uncleanness, blood of the saints.
c. Presence: name: Babylon the Great, Mother of Harlots etc.
5. The Anti-church:
a. Naked, unclothed: evil persons.

b. Flesh, evil sacrament.
c. `Presence, words, names: anti-word.
6. Perfect justice: eye for eye, tooth for tooth, bum for bum, etc.
a. Hatred for hatred: They hated Jesus and God, and He hates them, acting through His unwitting
agents.
b. Desolation for desolation: They committed the "abomination" that caused God to "desolate" His
house, so He desolates theirs.
243
(1) Also, the root of "desolation" is wilderness: They are removed (physically) from the land
of promise, and caused to wander in the wilderness, until they repent (at which time
they enter the new land of promise, the Church).
(2) Recall the Golden Calf:
(a) They desolated God's holy mountain sanctuary, and He withdrew.
(b) Moses got Him to return, and settle in the Tabernacle.
(c) When they did not repent, God desolated them 38 years in the wilderness.
c. Nakedness for nakedness: They exposed Jesus naked on the cross, which He forgave them. Then
they removed the covering protection of the Roman Oikumene from His Bride, for which He did
not forgive them.
d. Flesh for flesh: They drank the blood of the saints to enrich their flesh, so God gives their blood
to His agents, enriching theirs.
244
LECTURE #148 & #149 – BURN FOR BURN - REVELATION 17:16
e. Fire for fire:
(1) Fire for harlots: They treated the Church as a priest’s harlot daughter, so they are treated
the same. Leviticus 21:9
cp. Deuteronomy 22:21
(2) Fire for wicked sons (kings of the land), who offer strange fire: Sons of Aaron.
Leviticus 10:1-2, Numbers 16:35
cp. Exodus 35:3, Numbers 15:32-36
(3) Fire for dung and hide, unacceptable parts of the ordination sacrifice. Exodus 29:14;
Leviticus 8:17
cp. Leviticus 7:8
(4) Fire for unclean flesh (woman drunk on uncleanness). Leviticus 7:19
(5) Fire for leprous garment (woman's robe). Leviticus 13:52,55,57
(6) Fire for those who steal from God. Joshua 7:15
(7) Fire for Sodom & Egypt (the great city is Sodom & Egypt). Genesis 19:24,
Exodus 9:23-24
(8) Fire for Jericho, the first and capital city. Joshua 6:24
cp. Joshua 8:8, as Ai replaces Jericho.
cp. Joshua 11:1-11, Razor another "capital” city (great city).
(9) Fire for apostate city. Deuteronomy 13:12-16, Judges 20:40,48
(10) Fire for those who attack God's prophets. 2 Kings 1:10-14.
(11) Fire for apostate Jerusalem. 2 Kings 25:9, 2 Chronicles 36:19
(12) Titus physically burned down Jerusalem.

245
D. God's purpose:
17
For God gave into their hearts to do His mind,
and to do one mind,
and to give their kingdom to the beast,
until the words of God should be fulfilled.
God's mind
Their mind
Their action
God’s words
1. The evil do not naturally unite (Tower of Babel story)
2. They unite against the Church, but not necessarily against another evil power, unless God causes
them to.
3. "They" are:
(a) The set of Roman emperors, especially Nero through Vespasian.
(b) The multitudes ruled by them.
4. The Words of God that are fulfilled: predictions of judgment upon apostate Israel, in the prophets,
and by Jesus.
E. Babylon and her kingdom.
"Kings of the land " = the Jews
F. The Destruction of Babylon in Prophecy:
Isaiah 13-14.
Jeremiah 50-51.
246
LECTURE #151 – REVELATION 18:1
Revelation 18
1
After these things I saw Another Angel
Having great authority,
And the land was illumined with His glory.
2
And He cried out with a mighty voice saying,
"Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great!
And she has become a dwelling place of demons,
And a haunt of every unclean spirit,
And a haunt of every unclean and detestable bird.
3
For of the wine of the passion/wrath of her fornication have all the nations drunk,
And the kings of the land with her fornicated,
And the merchants of the land by the power of her luxury were enriched."
4
And I heard another voice from heaven, saying,
"Come out of her, O my people,
That you may not participate in her sins,
And that you may not receive of her plagues.
5
For her sins have joined together as high as heaven,
And God has remembered her iniquities.
6
Pay her back as she has paid,
And double it double according to her deeds;
In the cup that she has mixed, mix for her double.
7
To the degree that she glorified herself and lived luxuriously, to the same degree give her torment
and mourning.
For she says in her heart,

'I sit as a queen,
And I am not a widow,
And will never see mourning.’
8
For this reason in one day her plagues will come:
Death
And mourning
And famine;
And with fire she will be burned,
For strong is the Lord God who judges her."
Outline:
Arrival of Jesus, v. 1
Desolation of Babylon, v. 2
Nations' sins, v. 3
Kings' sins, v. 3
Merchants' sins, v. 3
Father's voice, v. 4
Exodus of the Saints, v. 4
Desolation of Babylon, v. 5-8
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Kings (priests) Lament, v. 9-10

Merchants (Apostates) Lament, v. 11-17a
Nations (Seafarers) Lament, v. 17b-19
Saints Rejoice, v. 20
Strong Angel, v. 21
Desolation of Babylon, v. 21-24
A. Three speeches: testimony of 2-3 witnesses: Son, Father, Angel (agent of Spirit)
B. The order of sin described, judgment, and lamentation, follows the order of oracles in the prophets.
1
After these things I saw Another Angel
Coming down from heaven,
Having great authority,
And the land was illumined with His glory.
A. The "other angel" is Jesus, the Angel of Yahweh, supreme over the 24 archangels.
B. Jesus' ascents and descents in Revelation:
Ascension, 7:2 - to seal saints with the Spirit (better to be away, and send Spirit)
Position in the Firmament, 8:3 - to oversee trumpets
Descent, 10:1- to be with martyrs in their hour of need
On earth with martyrs, 14:1
Ascension to firmament to reap harvest, 14:6,14-20
Descent, 18:1- to destroy Babylon; also 19:11-16,20:1
Ascension, 20:4 - to rule with saints in heaven.
C. Coming down from heaven - to judge Tower of Babel
D. Authority: keys of kingdom and abyss, cp. 20:1
E. Illumination: cp. Genesis 1:2-3, Day of the Lord

248
2
And He cried out with a mighty voice saying,
"Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great!
And she has become a dwelling place of demons,
And a prison of every unclean spirit,
And a prison of every unclean and detestable bird.
3
For of the wine of the passion/wrath of her fornication have all the nations drunk,
And the kings of the land with her fornicated,
And the merchants of the land by the power of her luxury were enriched."
A. Mighty voice - one of the "thunders" of 10:4
B. Fallen, fallen - duplication for emphasis: double witness
C. Threefold desolation
- side note: unclean, detestable birds of Leviticus 11 symbolize demons
- Yahweh leaves, demons take over. Parable of the Swept House; Matthew 12:43-45
1. Demons dwell there.

2. Demons are imprisoned there, for the benefit of the rest of the world; 20:7.
3. Unclean and detestable birds are imprisoned there, while the Dove is released.
D. Three groups allied with her:
1. All nations have drunk the false doctrine she preaches, the opposite of her God-given mission.
2. Kings of the land (priests, rabbis, teachers) committed adultery with her, forsaking Yahweh.
3. Merchants of the land (apostates) enriched the Temple and themselves by means of her false
teaching (robbing widows, corban abuse, etc.)
E. Note associations:
Sea Beast - nations
Land Beast (False Prophet) - kings of the land
Beast Image (Temple) - merchants of the land
249
4
And I heard another voice from heaven, saying,
"Come out of her, O my people,
That you may not participate in her sins,
And that you may not receive of her plagues.
5
For her sins have joined together as high as heaven,
And God has remembered her iniquities.
A. The Voice is that of God, the Father. We are His people.
B. Exodus. God intends to evacuate Jerusalem, either:

- voluntary exodus (Matthew 24: 15-18), or
- involuntary captivity (Matthew 24:40-41).
- cp. exoduses from Sodom and Egypt
1. Participate in her sins: Some of Lot’s children, and his wife, had been seduced by the sins of
Sodom.
2. Receive of her plagues: Anyone who did not put his house under the Passover blood received the
plague of losing his firstborn.
C. Sins "joined together" as one large mass.
1. Tower of Babel of sins: bricks joined together with slime for mortar, reaching to heaven.
2. Filling up of all sins, Matthew 23:32-36.

250
D. God remembers.
1. Memorial ascensions cause God to remember and act.
Sacrificial ascensions: smoke of a pleasing aroma.

Lord's Supper
Acts 10:4&31
2. Ascension of sins cause God to remember and act.
Psalm 9:11-12
Psalm 89:50 + Revelation 6
Psalm 109:14
Genesis 18:20; 19: 13 - Sodom
Exodus 2:23-25 - Egypt
Hosea 7:2; 8:13 - Israel
Jeremiah 14: 10 - Judah
Isaiah 43:25 - God promises not to remember sins

Jeremiah 31:34
Ezekiel 21:23-24 - the point in time for remembering sin
Numbers 5:15 - her sins remembered at the Lord's Supper!
Revelation 16:19b -
Sins covered at cross.

Sins uncovered by massacre of saints in the Great Tribulation.
Martyrs brought before God (Revelation 15:2)
Thereby, sins remembered before God.
Adulteress given cup to drink, Numbers 5:17,23,27,29-30.
251
6
A Pay her back as she has paid,
B And double it double according to her deeds;
Bc In the cup
d that she has mixed,
d mix for her
c double.
7
A To the degree that she
e glorified herself
f and luxuriated,
to the same degree
f give her torment
e and mourning.
A. Payment is eye for eye in the areas that don't involve oppression.
1. Glorious garb is replaced with the sackcloth of mourning.

2. Luxurious pleasure is replaced with agony.
B. Payment is double restitution in areas of oppression.
1. "Double it double" - possibly 4-fold restitution
Exodus 22:1 - slaughtered sheep (God's martyrs)

2 Samuel 12
Luke 19:8
2. Double the cup of oppression
Revelation 17:4&6
Jeremiah 51:7
Revelation 14:10
For she says in her heart,

6
I sit as a queen,
And I am not a widow,
And will never see mourning.’
8
For this reason in one day her plagues will come: Death,
And mourning,
And famine;
And with fire she will be burned,
For strong is the Lord God who judges her."
A. One day = Day of the Lord; Lord's Day
B. Plagues and Fire
1. Plagues: recall the fourth Horseman, Revelation 6:7-8

2. Fire: for priestly daughter
C. Lord = Husband
252
D. Strong, Revelation 18:10,21 - El in Hebrew means "Mighty One."
E. Mourning for mourning;

Famine for widow - yes, Yahweh lives, but she will be divorced and become "widow."
Burning for queen:
Queen married to King (kings of the land).

King is Son, so Queen is Daughter; thus burned.
253
The Three Lamentations

A. What they do.
B. Who they are.
C. What they did.
D. What they see.
E. Where they stand.
F. Woe for the Great City.
G. Characteristic of the City.
H. Why they grieve.
A. 9And shall weep and lament over her

B. the kings of the land,
C. who fornicated and luxuriated with her,
D. when they see the smoke of her burning,
10
E. afar off standing because of the fear of her torment,
F. saying: 'Woe! Woe! The City! The Great one!
G. Babylon! The City! The Strong one!
H. For in one hour your judgment has come.’
D. [the smoke of her burning: vv. 11-14, the destruction of the materials]
15
B. The merchants of these things,
C. who were enriched from her,
E. afar off will stand because of the fear of her torment,
A. weeping and mourning,
16
F. saying: 'Woe! Woe! The City! The Great one!
G. Who was clothed with fine linen and purple and scarlet,
And was gilded with gold and precious stone, and pearls.
17
H. For in one hour was desolated such great wealth.'
B. And every shipmaster, and all in the company of ships, and sailors, and as many as make their living
by the sea,
E. afar off stood,
18
D. and cried, seeing the smoke of her burning,
C. saying: 'What city is like the city, the great one?
19
A. And they cast dust on their heads and cried, weeping and mourning,
F. saying: 'Woe! Woe! The City! The Great One!
G. In which were enriched all who had ships in the sea though her timiotetos,
H. For in one hour she was desolated.'
There is no apparent numerical pattern to the varying arrangements of the elements in these three
lamentations. It seems that the subject matter has governed the structure entirely.
The Lamentation of the Kings of the Land

9
And shall weep
and lament over her
the kings of the land,
who fornicated
and luxuriated with her,
when they see the smoke of her burning,
254
10
afar off standing because of the fear of her torment,
saying: 'Woe! Woe!
The City!
The Great one!
Babylon!
The City!
The Strong one!
For in one hour your judgment bas come.'
A. Weeping and lamenting:
Weep - fornicated - mourn (v. 7) --- emotional joy and sorrow

Lament - luxuriated - torment (v. 7) --- physical pleasure and pain
"lament” - strike oneself
cp. 1:7 - lamenting over Jesus vs. lamenting over the city
255
LECTURE #157 – VINDICATION OF THE PROPHET
B. The Kings of the Land:
"land “:
Old: Israel as holy land; people made of holy land; priestly people.
New: the Church as holy land.
"kings": priestly servants of God who rule others.
Old: the priesthood and religious leaders of Israel: Overseer priests (thus kings) who rule the
universal priesthood.
New: all believers; no longer a category distinction between priests and kingly-priests
Rev. 1:5-6 - Jesus rules the kings of the land. He has made us a kingdom, priests to God the Father.
- Implies that all believers are priest-kings.
- In immediate context, kings are the angels, pastors, of the seven churches, over whom Jesus
directly rules and whom He calls to account for their administration of the kingdom. Note:
This is not a category distinction as under the Law. It is only an administrative distinction.
5:10 - New kingdom of priests rules on the land.
6: 15 - Jewish (fig tree) kings of the land distinguished from other groups in Jewry.
13:11-12 - Land Beast rules land as king and as priest of the Beast; builds false temple (image) like
David/Solomon.
16:12 - saints as kings.
17:2 - kings of earth vs dwellers on earth.
17:18 - harlot (image of Beast) rules the priest-kings.
18:3,9 - kings of the earth vs merchants of the earth.
19:18-19 - kings of the land // false prophet (land beast).
21:24 - as priest-kings, believers bring offerings to God.

256
LECTURE #158 – THE SMOKE OF HER BURNING
C. Smoke of her burning:
Deuteronomy 13:16
Judges 20:38-42
Isaiah 34:8-10
Revelation 14:11 + 19:3
- the anti-sacrifice
D. Fear of her torment - do not wish to participate with her. Now she is a widow, for her husband(s) (the
king[s]) have abandoned her. The false prophet(s) flee the battle (19:20).
E. Great and Strong:
- God is stronger, v. 8.
- His angels are stronger, v. 21.
F. The Last Hour:
Day of the Lord - 24 hours - 24 archangels
Last angel, last angelic act: Revelation 18:21
This new day, being a Day, begins at sunrise: Jesus, as Sun, ascends and is given a book by the first
Strong Angel (5:2-7). This is the first hour. Last hour is the other Strong Angel.
Babylon is cast into the sea just before the sunrise. Compare Genesis 1:2-3, and Jesus' resurrection.
257
LECTURE #159 – MERCHANTS LAMENT 1 – REVELATION 18:11-12
The Lamentation of the Merchants of the Land
I. Introduction.
The introduction (vv. 11-13) tells us who these merchants were, before we are shown their lamentation.
11
And the merchants of the land Weep and mourn for her
Because their cargoes no one buys any more:
12
Cargoes of gold
and of silver
and of precious stone
and of pearls
and of fine linen

and of purple and of silk
and of scarlet cloth
and all kinds of thyine wood,

and all kinds of ivory goods
and all kinds of articles made of very costly wood
and of bronze
and of iron
and of marble
13
and cinnamon
and amomon and incense
and perfume
and frankincense
and wine
and olive oil
and fine wheat flour and wheat
and cattle
and sheep
and horses
and carriages
and bodies (slaves)
and souls of men.
14
And the ripe fruits of the desire of your soul are departed from you,
And all the fat things and the bright things are departed from you,
And never again will you find them.
A. The merchants "weep and mourn," not "weep and lament." They were not kings, so they did not
luxuriate with her. Thus, they don't "lament" in the sense of beating themselves. They merely mourn her
death.
B. The list has 28 items, since the last two are the same. 4 x 7.
C. The list alludes to Exodus 25:1-8 & 35:4-9, where the order is:
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Metals (gold, silver, bronze)

Cloths & skins (smoky blue, purple, scarlet, linen, goat hair, ramskins, porpoise skins)
Wood (acacia)
Oil and spices
Stones
Roughly the same order is followed here, but with these changes:
1. The Temple used more materials than the Tabernacle.

2. Some items not found in the Temple (e.g., pearls) are listed here, because these are the spoils
that will be used to build the New Jerusalem, and Gentile pearls (from the sea) will be needed.
3. The order follows the seven days of creation, roughly, indicating the whole world, which the
Temple symbolizes.
D. Thus, it should be clear that the passage does NOT imply that Jerusalem was a major center of
commerce.
E. The commerce spoken of is liturgical, as in 3: 18 and 13: 17.
F. In detail:
Day 1: list of four:

cargoes of gold
and of silver
and of pearls
We can associate these with Day 1 because they contain light. They are shining minerals, unlike the bronze,
iron, and marble listed later. As oil is "liquid light," so gold is "solid light" in Biblical symbolism.
Moreover, Exodus 38:24 states that the gold used in the Tabernacle was 29 talents (the days in a lunar
month) and 730 shekels (twice 365). Gold, silver, and gemstones were used in the Tabernacle. Pearl comes
from the palace of Ahasuerus, which in Esther is laid out parallel to God's house (Esther 1:6).

and of fine linen
and of purple
and of silk
and of scarlet cloth
Here the association is much clearer. The veils of the Tabernacle represented the firmament-boundaries
between heaven and earth. Linen, purple, and scarlet (and gray-blue) were the colors used in these veils.
Silk seems to be added from Ezekiel 16:10-13, where the Bride's raiment is described in language taken
largely from the Tabernacle. Notice that this addition comes again from the literature of the Restoration
Era. The Temple-City of Old Jerusalem accumulates the features of the Sinaitic, Kingdom, and Restoration
sanctuaries.
Day 3: list of three:

and all kinds of thyine wood
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and all kinds of ivory goods

and all kinds of articles made of very costly wood
The reference to the trees made on Day 3 is apparent. Ivory, though not from trees, seems to be included as
the same kind of material as far as its working and use is concerned. Thyine wood, sometimes translated
citron wood, does not refer to the wood of the citron fruit tree, but apparently to the almug tree or a close
relative. Solomon made supports for the Temple of almug wood (1 Kings 10:11-12). Solomon's throne was
made of ivory (1 Kings 10:18). It should be remembered that Solomon' s palace was part of the Temple
complex, for the kings were Temple builders and repairers and thus dwelt close at hand (1 Kings 6-7).
Day 4: list of three:

and of bronze
and of iron
and of marble
Connections to the Fourth Day of Genesis 1 are not readily apparent here. We can notice more generally
that marble comes again from the palace of Ahasuerus (Esther 1:6), as well as from the materials David
collected to be used in the Temple (1 Chronicles 29:2). (Some translations render the Hebrew terms
"alabaster," but ancient alabaster was a variety of marble, not of gypsum as is modern alabaster.) David also
collected iron for the things of iron (ibid.), and that iron was used in some fashion in the construction of the
Temple (2 Chronicles 2:7&14).
Additionally, we find in Daniel 2 a statue made of gold, silver, bronze, iron, and terra cotta. This statue is
the "Temple" of the oikumene in which Israel will be housed until the coming of the altar-stone that grows
to fill the world. We found gold and silver under Day 1 above, and now we find the last three elements,
assuming that "marble" occupies the same position as "terra cotta " in Daniel 2.
Perhaps, then, the association with Day 4 is this: On Day 4 the initial construction of the world was in a
sense complete, after which came three days of blessing, What we have examined thus far has the same
sense of closure: "gold, silver, … bronze, iron, marble." The closure in Genesis 1 is effected by light
returning to light-bearers. Here the closure is effected by metals returning to metals.
Day 5: list of five:

and cinnamon
and amomon
and incense
and perfume
and frankincense
The burning cloud of incense occupies the Day 5 slot in Exodus 25-31, and the scent of the City- Temple
correlates with this. The cloud corresponds to the swarms and clouds of creatures made on Day 5.
Cinnamon is not used in the incense but in the anointing oil, which also perfumed the sanctuary (Exodus
30:23). Amomon is an Indian spice, but its identity has not been uncovered. Spices would begin to come
from India during the Restoration era.
Three spices were used in the sacred incense (Exodus 30:34). "Incense" here is the general term for
incense. Perfume refers back to the fact that both the anointing oil and the incense of the
Tabernacle/Temple were called perfumes (Exodus 30:25 & 35). Finally, frankincense was used in the
sacred incense mixture (Exodus 30:34).
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and wine
and olive oil
and fine wheat flour
and wheat
These are the sacramental foods, which are the core foods of the cosmos, made on the Third Day before all
other plants were made. These are the plants particularly given to men and beasts on the Day 6 by God
(Genesis 1:29-30).
Day 7: list of six (or five, see below):
and cattle
and sheep
and horses
and carriages
and bodies (slaves)
even souls of men.
In my opinion the association here with Day 7 is in the idea of sacrifice. Cattle and sheep were used in
worship, of course, and the heart of worship was the self-oblation of the worshipper, the offering of the
souls of men. Commentators usually associated the horse and carriages with the rich and their rule over the
poor, but I suggest that perhaps the offerings of Numbers 7 form a better background for the carriages or
carts mentioned here. Since imagery from the kingly Temple of Solomon and the imperial Palace of
Ahasuerus has figured in these lists, the use of horses rather than oxen to pull the carts does not necessarily
imply criticism. Moreover, the saints are pictured as horses riding out of God's house in Zechariah 6 and
14, and several times in Revelation itself.
Finally, the term "bodies" is regularly rendered "slaves" in translations and commentaries. It can have that
meaning, but I suspect that the commentators have been influenced by their overall assessment of this list
as a list of oppression rather than as a list of worship accoutrements. We are to present our bodies as living
sacrifices, after all (Romans 12:1). If slaves are in view, it must be remembered that the Gibeonites were
slaves in the Tabernacle and Temple. Indeed, the priests were God's special servants. All in all, though, I
think this last set of five or six items pictures worshippers drawing near to the Temple for worship - false
worship, of course.
Souls of men
Because of the numerological structure (28 + 1), this last item stands apart. Either:
a. it is a synonym for "bodies"; or,

b. it refers to all the items on the list. I opt for this choice:
1. There is no reason for an extra synonym for the last item.

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2. All the items in the House of God symbolize human beings, and it is especially appropriate
in the Book of Revelation for this symbolism to be present.
3. Thus, "bodies" ("slaves") would refer to the priestly servants of the Temple.
G. Three things that have departed forever from the wicked:
1. Ripe fruits - opora - late summer fruit.
- Feast of Tabernacles. Cp. Jeremiah 40:10-12.
2. Fat things - lipara - sacrifices.
- The fat was to be offered to God, though the wicked sometimes kept it for themselves
(Leviticus 7; 1 Samuel 2:15).
3. Bright things - lampra - white garments.
- Bright clothes for worship, James 2:2-3.
- Garments of saints, Revelation 15:6; 19:8 ("white").
4. Note again the liturgical character of these items.
5. Deeper allusions:
Fruit - Tabernacles - Festival of the Word.

Fat - Sacrifices - Sacrament.
Bright Garments - Persons.
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LECTURE #160 – MERCHANTS LAMENT 2 – REVELATION 18:13-17
II. The Lamentation.

15
The merchants of these things,
who were enriched from her,
afar off will stand because of the fear of her torment,
weeping and mourning,
16
saying: 'Woe! Woe!
The City!
The Great one!
Who was clothed with fine linen
and purple
and scarlet,
And was gilded with gold
and precious stone,
and pearls.
17
For in one hour was desolated such great wealth.'
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LECTURE #161 – SHIPMASTERS LAMENT – REVELATION 18:17-20
The Lamentation of the Seafarers

And every shipmaster,
and all in the company of ships,
and sailors,
and as many as make their living by the sea
afar off stood,
18
and cried, seeing the smoke of her burning,
saying: 'What city is like the city, the great one?'
19
And they cast dust on their heads and cried,
weeping and mourning,
saying: 'Woe! Woe!
The City!
The Great One!
In which were enriched all who had ships in the sea though her abundant riches,
For in one hour she was desolated.’
A. Lamentation of Gentiles
1. Sea context
2. Fourfold description; cp. tongues, tribes, nations, peoples
3. "Ships" = nations; cp. "islands"
B. Dust on head - death (Gen. 3)
C. Why they lament
- unclear except in context.
- they also "buy and sell"
- true "Gate of God" enriches the nations
- counterfeit here
The Festival of the Saints

20
Celebrate over her, heaven
and you saints and you apostles and you prophets,
for God has judged the judgment [pronounced judgment] for you against her.
- avenging of saints, apostles, and prophets
- rejoicing of angels and of the avenged saints; 19:1
- festival: Haman destroyed, hanged on his own gallows

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LECTURE #162 – THE GREAT STONE – REVELATION 18:21
The End of Babylon

21
And one strong angel took up a stone,
Like a great millstone,
And threw it into the sea,
Saying, "Thus with violence shall be cast down Babylon, the great city,
And will not be found any longer.
22
And the sound of harpists and musicians and flutists and trumpeters
Will not be heard in you any longer;
And every craftsman of every craft
Will not be found in you any longer;
And the sound of a millstone
23
And the light of a lamp
Will not shine in you any longer;
And the sound of bridegroom and bride
Because your merchants were the great men of the land,

Because by your sorcery were deceived all the nations.
24
And in her the blood of prophets and saints was found,
And of all those slain on the land."
A. Structures.
1. Verse 21 - hint of chiasm
Angel
Great millstone
Sea
Great city
No longer
2. Verses 22-23a - chiasm
Sound
Craft
Sound
Light
Sound
B. The Strong Angels.

1. 5:2 - Angel of the Book - priestly (guards throne)
10:1 - Angel of the Lord - covenant head
18:21 - Angel of the Stone - kingly (destroys enemy)
Moses
Aaron Hur
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2. Beginning of Revelation: The Book issues warnings.

End of Revelation: The Stone destroys those who would not heed.
3. Two witnesses theme.
C. Word and Stone.

1. Law formerly written on stone; now on hearts. Stone cast away.
- End of Old Covenant order .
- Babylon as stone: clung to old order; stony hearts.
2. Jeremiah 51:59-64.
D. Stone Cast Into Sea.

Exodus 15:5,10,16; Nehemiah 9:1 - Egypt
Jeremiah 51:59-64 - Babylon
Matthew 21:21 - Jerusalem
Matthew 18:6; Mark 9:42 - Jews and Judaizers
E. Millstones.
1. Handmills and Donkey Mills
2. Loss of millstone = loss of protection and life; Deuteronomy 24:6.
3. Upper stone = "chariot," symbol of power and protection.
4. God's chariot = Temple = His bride; Judges 9:53; 2 Samuel 11:21.
5. Babylon as false Temple false Chariot
6. Deep structure: Milling as religious symbol - "old" grain converted by suffering into acceptable
flour. Leviticus 2.
F. Into the Sea.

1. Decreation: back into the deep of Genesis 1:2 – disordered, empty, and dark.
verses 22-23 allude to the days of creation (see below)

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2. Sea as dispersion among the Gentiles.
G. Violence.
- "great" and "strong" city dealt with by "strong" angel with force.
- eye for eye; violence for violence.
- It is entirely correct to answer violent cultures with violence.
- Embargoes and international pressure worked in the case of South Africa.
- Islam only respects violence; embargoes and moral pressure count for nothing.
- It is foolish and unbiblical to reject force for moral suasion.

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LECTURE #163 – DECREATION – REVELATION 18:22-24
H. Decreation (vv. 22-23a).

1. Exile and dispersion, Jeremiah 25:10.
2. Deep structure hint of Genesis 1:
First Day: Four-fold music; Job 38:1-7.
Second Day: Craftsmen: architects.
Hebrews 11:10
Zechariah 1:18-21
Tabernacle & Temple: Bezalel & Oholiab; Solomon and Hiram
Temple as Firmament between heaven and earth
Third Day: Millstone: land and wheat.
Fourth Day: Lamp: sun, moon, stars.
Sixth Day: Groom & bride: Adam & Eve.
3. Why 5 instead of 7? Five is the number of the hand, of power.
4. Back to the beginning:
Without form: no craftsmen.

Empty: musicians, millers, couples.
Dark: no lamp.
5. Images of persons total seven:
harpists
musicians
flutists
trumpeters
grinders
bridegrooms
brides
I. Jeremiah.
1. Kingly angel.
2. Prophets as fathers of kings; 2 Kings 13:14; Saul & Samuel.
3. Jeremiah as background: stone into water; oracle of decreation.

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4. Fitting: prophecy of destruction of Temple and Jerusalem.
J. Summary of Reasons for Destruction (vv. 23b-24).

1. Structure:
Land (Jews)
Nations (Gentiles)
Faithful (prophets & saints)
Sinners (all slain)
2. Because the Jews were great men. What is the sin? Domination instead of service.
3. Nations deceived by sorcery.
a. "Sorcery" = pharmakia, magic potions.
b. Allusion to Nineveh, the other "Babylon," Nahum 3:4.
c. Potions as poisoned water from false Temple; cf. Revelation 8:10-11
4. Prophets & saints (Matthew 23:35): God avenges His faithful.
5. All those slain: God avenges all those murdered and oppressed, even the ungodly.
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LECTURE #164 – NEW LITURGY – REVELATION 19:1-2
Reminders:
A. John and Jesus, 1
B. Churches, 2-3
C. Throne/s in Heaven, 4-5
D. Horses, 6:1-8 (first four seals)
E. Saints Under Altar, 6:9-11 (5th seal)

F. Judgment Starts, 6:12-17 (6th seal)
G. Saints Sealed on Earth, 7
H. Seven Trumpets Appear, 8:1-2
I. Pentecostal Era Begins, 8:3-5

J. Plants, 8:7
K. Gentiles, 8:8-9
L. Drink, 8:10-11
M. Heavens, 8:11-12
N. Army of Lies, 9:1-11
O. Army of Saints, 9:12-11:6
P. Massacre, 11:7-13
Q. Dragon, 12
Q' Sea Beast, 13:1-10

P' Massacre, 13:15
O' Army of Saints, 14:1-3
N' Army that does not lie, 14:4-5
M' Heavens, 14:6- 7
L' Drink, 14:8

K' Gentiles, 14:9-13
J' Plants, 14:14-16
I' Pentecostal Era Ends, 14:18
H' Seven Bowls Appear, 15:1

G' Saints in Heaven, 15:2-4
F' Judgment Restarts, 15:5-18:24
E' Saints in Heaven, 19:1-10
D' Horses, 19:11-21

C' Throne's in Heaven, 20
B' Church, 21:1-22:5
A' John and Jesus, 22:6-21
A. Bowl Angel, 17:1

Come hither
Show you the harlot
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Burned up, 18:8

Sea

C' Angel, 19:17

Sun
Day 5: birds

A' Bowl Angel, 21:9

Come hither
Show you the Bride
Day 7: sabbath
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The Marriage Supper of the Lamb (19:1-10)
19:1
After these things I heard, like a great sound/voice of a great multitude in the heaven, saying,
"Praise Yah!
The salvation
and the glory
and the power
belong to our God;
2
because true and righteous are His judgments; (Psalm 19:9)
because He has judged the great harlot who was corrupting the land with her fornication,
and He has avenged the blood of His bond servants from her hand." (Deuteronomy 32:43)
3
And a second time they said,
"Praise Yah!
And her smoke rises up age after age." (Isaiah 34:10)
4
And fell down
the twenty-four elders
and the four living creatures
and worshipped the God who sits on the throne, saying,
"Amen!
"Praise Yah!"
5
And a voice/sound from the throne came forth, saying,
Give praise to our God,
all you His bond-servants,
you who fear Him,
the small
and the great." (Psalm 115:13)
6
And I heard, like the sound/voice of a great multitude
and like the sound/voice of many waters,
and like the sound/voice of mighty peals of thunder, saying,
"Praise Yah!
Because He reigns,
the Lord
our God
the Almighty!
7
Let us rejoice
and be glad
and give glory to Him,
because the marriage of the Lamb has come,
and His wife has made herself ready."
8
And it was given to her that she be clothed in fine linen,
bright,
clean;
for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints.
9
And he says to me, "Write:
Blessed are those who to the Marriage Supper of the Lamb are called."
And he says to me:
"These are true words of God."
10
And I fell prostrate at his feet to worship him.
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And he says to me, "See that you do not do that! [Hora me! "Look, don't!"]
A fellow-servant of yours I am, and of your brethren who hold the testimony of Jesus.
To God give worship!
For the testimony of Jesus is the Spirit of prophecy."
A. The great multitude in heaven; 15:2.
B. Hallelu-ja!
C. Now angels respond to man’s leading.
D. The first praise from the heavenly saints.
Triune praise:
salvation of persons - Father

glory of the Father - Son
power of God - Spirit
Psalm 19
Two reasons:
1. God Himself is always just and righteous.
2. God has acted in history to manifest His justice.
"corrupting the land"
1 Corinthians 3:17
1 Corinthians 15:33
2 Corinthians 11:2-3
Ephesians 4:22
Jude 10
avenging from her hand" - cp. the Exodus from Pharaoh's hand
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E. The second praise from the heavenly saints.
Isaiah 34
F. The praise of the archangels and cherubim.
G. The voice from the Throne
Who is this?
Psalm 115 - part of the Hallel, used at Passover
H. The praise of all in heaven and on earth.
Mankind now has the sound of angels and Jesus, 1:15; 6:1; 10:3; 14:2.
Triune sound:
multitude: persons (Father)

waters: word (Son)
thunders: atmosphere (Spirit; Wind)
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I. The Marriage Supper of the Lamb.
Has come. Begins at this time in cfu11 force. Matthew 22:1-10
The wife is ready.
Bible is completed.
Jew and Gentile have been woven into one new church.
The counterfeit has been removed.
Clothed in fine linen.
Wedding garment for virgin bride (14:4)
Contrast 18:16
Fine linen garments of priests:
Exodus 28:42
Exodus 39:28
Fine linen garments to approach the throne:
Leviticus 16:4,23
Garments of angels, formerly; 15:5.
Bright - partake of the shining of the sun; glory.
Clean - undefiled; Zechariah 3:3-5
Righteous acts - perseverance, the "overcoming" of Revelation
Matthew 22:11-13
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LECTURE #167 – THE SPIRIT OF PROPHECY - REVELATION 19:9-10
J. The Beatitude (v. 9)
Blessing is promise and encouragement to the saints about to undergo suffering.
Second statement forms "testimony of two witnesses." Amen.
K. John almost falls! (v. 10)
Perceiving the glory may lead us to unwise actions.
Note how the churches that focus on glory often fall into this kind of sin.
We must be very careful not to give adoration and worship to any but God alone.
L. The Spirit of the Prophecy.
Not an abstraction: "the" prophecy is the book of Revelation.
"Prophecy" used seven times:
1:3
11:6
19: 10
22:7
22:10
22:18
22:19
The angel is not the one giving the prophecy, but rather Jesus, through the Spirit.
1:1
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LECTURE #168 – RESURRECTION - REVELATION 19:11
The Battle of the Mountain of Festival Assembly (19:11-21)
I. Historical Review:
1. The Three Frog Army came against the Army of the Kings of the Sunrising (16:12-16).
a. Demonic Attack (Dragon; Wormwood in Temple)
b. Roman Attack (Sea Beast)
c. Jewish-Edomite Attack (False Prophet)
- Sanhedrin, Pilate, Herod attack Jesus.
= Pharaoh attacks boy babies
2. The Great Tribulation.

a. Massacre of 144,000 faithful in Jewish context; of multitudes in Roman context.
b. Suffering, cross-bearing (crucifixion), and death of the Bride.
- Jesus' trial, scourging, sentencing, crucifixion
= Suffering of Hebrews under Pharaoh.
3. Tribulation is cut short (Matthew 24: 15ff.)

a. Demons all hate each other.
b. So, Romans and Jews fight.
- Jesus suffered three hours, not seven.
- When Jesus killed, Herod & Pilate became friends.
= After the first three plagues, Goshen set aside from plagues.
4. Babylon-Jerusalem is destroyed (16:17-18:24).

a. Bride in the grave.
- Jesus in the grave, believers scatter in dismay.
= Hebrews in their grave-homes on Passover night.
5. Bride resurrected (19:1-10) .)

a. Marriage Feast of the Lamb begins.
b. Resurrected Jesus marries resurrected Bride.
- Jesus' resurrection: appears to women first.
= Exodus from Egypt.
6. Wicked defeated (19:11-21)

a. Remnants of Jews and Edomites punished.
b. Rome loses status as God-appointed Beast.
- Soldiers blinded at Jesus resurrection.
- Consternation among Romans and Jewish leaders.
= Destruction of Egypt & Amalek after Exodus.
7. Bride ascends to rule (20:1-6)

- Jesus ascends after 40 days.
= Moses ascends Mount Sinai.
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LECTURE #169 – THE FEAST OF BOOTHS - REVELATION 19:9
II. Festival Theme.

A. After Day of Atonement comes Feast of Booths.
1. Atonement = Tribulation (Leviticus 23:27-32).
2. Booths = small clouds around Great Cloud of the Tabernacle (Leviticus 23:39-43).
3. Feast of Booths commemorates Feast of Unleavened Bread (Exodus 12:37-13:20).
4. After the first Booths, Pharaoh was destroyed (Exodus 14-15).
5. Booths also commemorates Pentecost (Deuteronomy 11:9-13).
6. Thus:
Tribulation in Egypt, and the plagues Day of Atonement Great Tribulation

Booths after Passover Feast of Booths Marriage Supper of Lamb
Destruction of Pharaoh (Beast) Feast of Booths Battle of Har Magedon
Attack by Amalek (Edomites) Feast of Booths Battle of Har Magedon
Yahweh rules at Sinai, joined by Moses Feast of Booths Millennial reign of saints
7. Also note:
Yahweh arrives on top of Mount Sinai Jesus ascends to rule

Moses joins Yahweh, though temporarily Saints ascend permanently
B. Feast of Booths in Revelation 16-19
1. Battle of the Mountain of Festival Assembly.

2. Marriage Supper of the Lamb. Matthew 22:1-14.
3. Wicked excluded from Feast, Revelation 18:22-23.
4. Feast of Vultures, Revelation 19:17-21.
5. The Lord's Supper every Lord's Day.
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LECTURE #170 – THE TOTUS CHRISTUS - REVELATION 19:11
III. Vision Overview

A. The Totus Christus, Head and body (Person and robe).
B. The bloodied robe = the saints gathered around Christ.

- saint army described immediately after robe.
C. The body (Church) as Warrior Bride manifests Christ as Warrior Groom in history.
1. He is the Head: eyes and diadem.

2. We are the body: mouth, hand, and foot.
D. Four names, three are ours also (3:12):
1. Faithful and True -

He is, so we are "overcomers."
2. Unknown name -
His alone, but we also have one (2:17)
3. The Word of God -
He is, so we are "living epistles."
4 . King of kings and Lord of Lords -
He is, so we are, as Revelation shows, through prayer and witness.
E. History starts anew: four horses of Revelation 6 come again, now to all nations.
F. Outline:
1. White horse (us, Revelation 6; Zechariah 1, 6, 14)

Name: Faithful & True
Judges & Wages War
Eyes and Head
We carry Him as He manifests His Faithfulness and Truth.
LION (conquest); WHITE HORSE
2. Name: His alone

Robe of blood (His, = us)
We make His name visible as His robe.
OX (sacrifice); RED HORSE
3. Name: Word of God

Armies in Heaven
Robes of linen (ours, His gift)
White horses
We follow Him and take the Word of God.
MAN (community); BLACK HORSE
4. Mouth-sword to smite nations

(Hand)-rod to rule nations
(Foot)-tread to manifest His wrath
Name: on robe (saints) same as on thigh (Him): King of kings & Lord of lords
His rule is manifest through us.
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EAGLE (oversight); GREEN HORSE
11
And I saw heaven opened.
A. And behold, a white horse,

a. And He who sat upon it called Faithful and True, NAME
b. And in righteousness He judges and wages war, WAR
c. 12His eyes like a flame of fire, FACE
And upon His head many diadems.
B. Having a name written that no one knows except Himself. NAME

13
And clothed with a garment sprinkled (or dipped) in blood. GARMENT:
BLOODRED
B’ And His name is called The Word of God. NAME

14
And the armies in heaven were following Him on white horses, GARMENT: WHITE
clothed in fine linen, white, clean.
15
A’ c’
And from His mouth comes a sharp sword, FACE
so that with it He may smite the nations,
b’ And He will shepherd them with a rod of iron, W AR
And He treads the wine press of the fierce wrath-wine of God the Almighty.
a’ 16And He has on His garment and on His thigh a name written: NAME
"King of kings and Lord of lords."
A. Note also:
A. White
B. Red (blood)
B' White
A' Red (wine)
B. Heaven Opened
15:2-4 - saints now in heaven, come forth with Jesus
Ephesians 2:6 - our position in Christ
Hebrews 12:22 - our liturgical position
Numbers 1 & 26 - the heavenly army marching across the sky to conquer
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LECTURE #171 – THE CROWNED EMPEROR - REVELATION 19:12
C. The Head of the Host
1. On white horse: conquest of chapter 6 now begins anew: to the world.
2. Horse as church (Naphtali): we carry Him as our King.
3. Name:
Faithful: He never lets us down.
True: He never deceives us.
4. Fire from eyes: judgment and presence.
5. Diadems:
Crown: stephanos, wreath of leaves (or thorns), or gold - VICTOR

Diadem: diadema, blue band trimmed with white - EMPEROR
Stephanos
- of thorns: opposite of victor
- 1 Corinthians 9:25; James 1:12; etc.
- Revelation 2:10, 3:11
- Revelation 4:4,10 - angels have finished their work
- Revelation 6:2 - Jesus leads as victor
- Revelation 9:7 - false would-be victors challenge Jesus
- Revelation 12:1 - the victorious Old Creation church
- Revelation 14:14
Diadema
- regal crown of the Persian kings, thus of Oikumene
- Satan and Beast have many: Revelation 12:3; 13:1
- Now Jesus has taken them over
Revelation 19:11-16
Jesus Bride Name
vv.11 Crowned White Horse Faithful & True

vv .12b Clothed Bloody Garment His Alone
vv. 13b Leader Armies Word of God
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vv.15 Body Garment King of kings & Lord of lords
D. The High Priest
1. The Unknown Name: Compare "HOLY TO YHWH" on "flower" of the High Priest.
a. When we hear our name, we turn to look. When people use our name, they have power
over us. Salesmen know this.
b. People ask our name. We give it to them
c. God never gives His name, because no one can have power over Him.
Genesis 32:29
Judges 13:17-18
Exodus 3:13-14
Exodus 33:18 -34:7
d. Jesus' unique Name means He is in control; no one controls Him.
e. The names He gives us are names by which we can petition Him.

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LECTURE #172 – THE BLOODY GARMENT - REVELATION 19:13
2. Blood-soaked Garment: in context, not His blood but that of the martyrs of Revelation 14.
a. Sprinkled or dipped? Manuscripts vary. Former more likely because the blood comes
from the winepress and is that of the saints (14:20; 19:15).
b. Garment: himation; beged.
(1) Outer garments, taken off to stone Stephen, to lay down with palms as Jesus entered
Jerusalem, etc.
(2) Used for the garments of glory and beauty of the High Priest, and also for the outer
white garments he wore on the Day of Atonement.
(3) Every Israelite had the tassel with the blue thread on this garment (Num. 15).
(4) This is the garment washed to cleanse a person from serious uncleanness.
(5) This is the garment torn to represent the rending of the body in death.
(6) Represented the world as social cosmos:
Matthew 9:16
Hebrews 1:11
Matthew 27:35
(7) In summary: the garment signified the man and his world, the society around him.
The garment is the firmament that mediates between the person and his/her world;
thus, it partakes of both.
(8) Used seven times in Revelation
(a) 3:4, 16:15 -- the people have not become unclean through sin.
(b) 3:5, 18 -- white garments of Day of Covering cover shame of original sin.
(c) 4:4 -- garments of the heavenly priesthood
(d) 19:13, 16 -- Jesus' garment: His social cosmos
E. Conquest Through the Word.
1. Proclamation.
2. Worship: The Word as Debir, the Holy of Holies.
1 Kings 6:5-31; 7:49; 8:6-8

2 Chronicles 3:16; 4:20; 5:7-9
Psalm 28:2
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Judges 1:11
John 1:
In the beginning was the Holy of Holies. And the Holy of Holies was with God, and the Holy of
Holies was God. This One was in the beginning with God (vv. 1-2).
Jesus is the Holy of Holies.
All things came into being through Him,-and apart from Him nothing came into being that has come
into being (v. 3).
The Holy of Holies is the archetype of all creation.
In Him was Life, and the Life was the Light of men. And the Light shines in the darkness; and the
darkness did not overcome it (vv .4-5).
The Light in the Holy of Holies is God's shekinah glory.
And the Holy of Holies became flesh, and Tabernacled among us, and we beheld His Glory, Glory
as of the only-begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth (v. 14).
Once we see that the Word is the Holy of Holies, it is no surprise that He tabernacles among
us.
What was inside the Holy of Holies?
First, the Throne of God, signified by the Cover on the Ark with its two cherubim, on whose wings
God sat enthroned. Jesus is the Cover of the Ark. He is the Throne, who glorifies the Father and holds Him
up eternally. That is what the Word is, and that is what we as little words, living epistles, are to be as well.
Second, the Ark itself, a chest containing three items. Inside the chest were the three aspects of
human life, which are copies of the divine life of the Holy of Holies Himself.
Third, the Tablets of the Law, inside the Ark, are the linguistic Word of God. Usually this is all that
commentators see in John 1, though as we are seeing there is more to it. Jesus is the eternal Word of God,
which is part of the Holy of Holies, and we are made in His image. Thus, we must be living epistles also.
Fourth, the Golden Pot of Manna, inside the Ark, is the gift of life, mediated through food. The eternal
Logos, the Holy of Holies, carries the life of God, which lightens every man.
Finally, Aaron's Rod that Blossomed, inside the Ark, represents the glorified man, aged with white
blossoms on his head. The Logos Holy of Holies is the image of the Ancient of Days. He is eternally
mature, and eternally a ruler.
When we draw into the Church for worship, we see the elders, we hear the Word, and we eat the
sacramental manna. Thus, we come in contact with the created manifestations of the eternal Holy of Holies.
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LECTURE #173 – THE WHITE ROBE - REVELATION 19:14
3. The Army of High Priests.
a. The extension of the Word, the Debir, is the extension of the Holy of Holies over all the
earth.
b. The High Priest wore white when he entered the Holy of Holies; as citizens of the Holy
of Holies, so do we.
c. The wood in the Holy of Holies was the olive (1 Kings 6). We are grafted into that Olive
Tree.
d. Our garments are:
(1) Fine - the best quality. Royal.
(2) Linen - not wool. Vegetable, not animal.
- Wool is for the animal sacrifice, which is the Lamb alone (1:14)
- The holy garments were a mixture of wool and linen; the Lamb robed in
linen is a "holy mixture.”
(3) White – we are High Priests, with continual access.
(4) Clean - we are undefiled.

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LECTURE #174 – CHURCH AND STATE - REVELATION 19:15-16
G. Rulers of the World
-- Jesus mouth, hand, and foot: the Ultimate High Priest, Leviticus 8:23.
1. Mouth -sword
rhomphaia - long sword, worn over shoulder

makhaira - short sword, worn on belt
a. Both used figuratively for the proclamation of the Word.
In Revelation: short sword for partial dealings, long sword for full dealings.
1:16 - long sword; 2:12,16
6:4 - large short sword (on belt, but man is on horse): preliminary.
6:8 - long sword: fullness of judgment.
13:10 - short sword: preliminary.
13:14 - short sword: Beast recovers.
19:15,21 – long sword: fullness of gospel.

Ephesians 6:17 - short sword because armor for a foot -soldier.
Hebrews 4:12 - short sword because sacrificial knife.
b. sharp: Hebrews 4, sacrificial imagery: converting nations
2. Hand - rod of iron.
a. Gold, silver, and bronze are liturgical meta1s.

Iron is the political and economic meta1.
Daniel 2 vision.
Sword into ploughs and vice versa.
1 Samuel 17:7
2 Samuel 23:7
2 Kings 6:5-6
Job 20:24
b. Rod = political rule
Psalm 2:9
Revelation 2:27; 12:5

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Summary: The nations are smitten with the mouth-sword, which means sacrificed and converted, and then
ruled by the iron rod, which means theocracy.
3. Foot - treads winepress (church) to produce holy saints:
Perfected like Jesus Himself through suffering; Hebrews 2:10; 12:1-11.
- produces wrath-wine:
But woe to those who cause this suffering; Revelation 14-18.
4. Thigh: the new Eve, made by the cutting of Jesus on cross.
5. Recall the cross: bloody head, hands, foot, and thigh.
6. Name: Our name. Thigh (bride) and robe (bride).
Ours only because He wears us, and it is His name first.

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LECTURE #175 – THE CURSE OF THE COVENANT - REVELATION 19:17-18
17
A And I saw an angel standing in the sun.
And he cried out with a loud voice,
Saying to all the birds that fly in midheaven:
"Come, be assembled for the Great Supper of God,
18
In order that you may eat
flesh-hunks of kings,
and flesh-hunks of chiliarchs,
and flesh-hunks of mighty men,
and flesh-hunks of horses
and of those sitting on them,
and flesh-hunks of all sorts:
freemen
and slaves
and small
and great.”
19
B And I saw the beast
and the kings of the land
and their armies,
Assembled to make war against Him who sat upon the horse
and against His army.
Ca And the beast was seized,

b And with him the false prophet
c who performed the signs before him,
by which he deceived
those who received the mark of the beast
and those who worshipped his image.
b’ These two were thrown alive into the lake of fire,
a’ Which burns with brimstone.
21
B’ And the rest were killed with the sword that came from the mouth of Him who sat upon the
horse,
A’ And all the birds were filled with their flesh-hunks.
I. Context in chapters 17-22:

Sea

C' Angel, 19:17

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Sun
Day 5: birds
II. Overall Chiastic Structure:

A. Birds invited
B. Armies make war with the Man on the horse
C. Beast and False Prophet Destroyed
B' Armies destroyed by the Man on the horse A' Birds feast
A’ Birds feast
III. Chiasm at the Center (C):

a. Sea Beast: Oppressive power, like Sodom
b. False Prophet: Deceptive power, like Egypt
c. Idolatry the basic sin
b' Destruction of Egyptians (Korah): cast into depths alive
a' Destruction of Sodom: brimstone
IV. Exposition:
A. In the sun
Genesis 1: sun set up to rule Old Creation, so judgment from there.
16:8 - Fourth Bowl makes the sun nova with fiery heat.
1:16 - Jesus' face like the sun: His judgment
B. In midheaven
8:13 - Eagle proclaims the three Trumpet Woes:
5th Trumpet: Army from the Pit
6th Trumpet: Army of the Church
7th Trumpet: The Kingdom is Christ's
- same thing here
14:6 - Angel proclaims the everlasting Good News: hour of judgment has come!
Birds in midheaven: agents of the Eagle-Cherub, agents of the Archangel
C. Avian Judgments:
Curse of the covenant: to be ripped in half and devoured by the birds and beasts.
Judgment without curse: to be slain but resurrected before the birds get to you.
Genesis 15:11
Genesis 40:16-19
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Deuteronomy 28:26; Jeremiah 7:33
2 Samuel 21:10-14
1 Kings 21:17- 24
Jeremiah 16:4
Jeremiah 34:18-20
Matthew 24:28
Jesus taken down from tree before the birds arrived.

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LECTURE #176 – DOOM OF THE ANTI-WITNESSES - REVELATION 19:19-21
D. The Invitation:
Ezekiel 39:17-20
The Attack of Gog
E. Assemblies:
Birds assemble.
Armies assemble, v. 19.
- 16:12-16: The Battle of the Mountain of Festival Assembly
F. Gobs of Meat:
Two lists of four:
1. The Powerful: kings, commanders over l000s, mighty men, horsemen.
2. The Ordinary: free, slaves, small, great.
Four: everywhere on earth
1. Four Edenic rivers to the four corners.
2. In Revelation: tongues, tribes, nations, peoples.
G. Romans and Jews (and Judaizers):
1. Beast & Land Kings / / Beast & False Prophet (v. 20)
2. Possible reading of 19b, horse = army:
"Assembled to make war against Him

who sat upon the horse; that is, against His army. "
H. Sodom and Egypt once again:
1. Here the Beast focuses the Sodom idea: oppression.
2. The False Prophet (Land Beast; Herods and High Priests) focuses the Egypt idea: idolatry.
a. False Hebrews wanted to return to Egypt: "We have no king but Pharaoh!"
b. Korah and his followers swallowed by the earth alive. Numbers 16:30-33.
3. But the two are considered as two aspects of one item, and are judged together.
4. Compare the two witnesses:
a. Moses as political power.

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b. Elijah as prophetic power.
c. Both witnesses are both.
(1) Moses judged idolatry in the plagues, but also was political leader.
(2) Elijah fought idolatry, but also called down fire from heaven.
d. Dead bodies left to lie in the street.
e. The wicked celebrate a feast.
f. Bodies not devoured by birds, but resurrected.
5. Korah-Egyptian judgment: thrown alive into lake of fire (new sheol).
6. Sodom judgment: reference to brimstone (Genesis 19:24).
I. The Central Evil
1. Matthew 24:5,11,24
2. Sodom attacked the prophet and the angels; cp. Revelation 13:14-15.
3. Egypt:
a. Pharaoh's false prophets did miracles.
b. False prophets among the Hebrews called for a return to Egypt.

- compare Jews calling for Christians to return to Judaism.
c. Golden calf (land beast) as mixture of Yahwism and Egyptian idolatry.

- compare Judaizers
4. Religion in the service of the state ("who performed signs before him")
a. No such "thing" as the state. Reality is "civil magistrate."
b. Service to the state means service to men who are evil "gods."
c. Idolatry is always linked to the service of such men, either as state-religion or as

an otherworldly ignoring of oppression and evil.
J. The Judgment of the "Rest":
1. Killed by the sword of the gospel might imply conversion, but:
2. The birds eat their flesh-hunks, so damnation is in view.
3. The gospel sword is two-edged, so to speak. It kills all, but some are raised to new life before the
birds come, and others are left for the birds.
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LECTURE #177 – THE MILLENIUM I - REVELATION 20:1-3
The Millennium (I)
20:1
A. And I saw an Angel coming down out of heaven
B. having the key of the abyss
C. and a great chain upon His hand.
2
D. And He laid hold of the dragon,
E. the ancient serpent,
E’ who is the devil,
D’ and Satan,
C’ and bound him for a thousand years,
3
B’ and threw him into the abyss,
and shut and sealed over him,
so that he should not deceive the nations any longer,
until the thousand years were completed.
A’ After these things he must be loosed for a short time.
I. Chiastic Structure:
A. Angel down from heaven
B. Key of abyss
C. Chain to bind
D. Dragon
E. Serpent
E' Devil
D' Satan
C' Binding
B' Abyss
A' Satan up from pit
II. Context in the Seven Bowl Aftermaths:

Burned up, 18:8
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C' Angel, 19:17

III. Context in Seven Last Visions:

19:11 - And I saw: the Groom and His people INITIATING history
19:17 - And I saw: firmament birds invited to judge
19:19 - And I saw: sea and land, & their plants, destroyed
20:1 - And I saw: down from above, the Totus Christus binds Satan
20:4 - And I saw: swarms of saints reign; Satan's swarms destroyed
20:11 - And I saw: the Final Adam comes to judge
21:1 - And I saw: the Bride and her Lord in SABBATICAL REST
IV. Exegesis:
A. Timing.
1. Must be before the Last Judgment, 20:7.
2. Must be after the initial establishment of the Kingdom.
a. Satan has been deceiving the entire Oikumene up to this point.
b. The saints have not been on the thrones in heaven until now, 20:4.
3. Therefore:
a. The premils are right: the millennium did not start at Pentecost, but later.
b. The amils are right: we are in the millennium now, because it started in AD 70.
c. The postmils are right: the millennium means that all the nations will be saved.
d. The heaven-mils are right: the millennium is both in heaven and on earth.
4. The millennium began 40 years after Pentecost, and there will be a period after it before the
second coming, 20:7.
a. 20:7-9 is usually read as something that happens toward the end of the millennium, but the
text clearly says that it comes after it is over.
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b. It is unlikely that there will be a definitive event to indicate the end of the millennium.
Rather, it will become apparent that a final worldwide apostasy is happening.
c. A worldwide apostasy on the part of all nations firmly implies that previously all nations had
converted.
d. Therefore, the millennium will not end until all nations have been discipled for a period of
time. Since this has not happened yet, we are not to expect the final coming of Jesus any
time in the foreseeable future.
5. Symbolism
a. Revelation is written in symbols, so there is no prima facie justification for taking the phrase
"one thousand years" literally.
b. Immediate background: the first Temple was completed 1000 years before the destruction of
the last Temple in AD 70. That first literal millennium was Yahweh's local reign over one
nation, and a type of His new reign over all nations.
c. Possible deep background: the antedeluvial patriarchs lived almost 1000 years, hinting that
1000 years was the originally designed length of life on earth. Each person would live
1000 years, and then like Enoch move off the scene to make room for new people. If this
supposition is correct, it is probably background to this passage, indicating that the
Final Adam will live and reign for a symbolic 1000 years before giving the kingdom to
the Father (1 Corinthians 15:28).
B. The Totus Christus.
1. Coming out of heaven:
19:11
21:10
2. Having the key of the abyss:
1:18
3:7
Matthew 18:18
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LECTURE #178 – THE MILLENIUM II - REVELATION 20:1-3
Matthew 16:19, in context of 16:13-28 -
vv. 13-15 - who is Jesus?
vv. 16-17 - words from the Father in heaven
vv. 18-19 - promise of the keys to those who confess Jesus
vv. 20-21 - the required confession
vv. 22-23 - words from Satan in hell
vv. 24-26 - union with Jesus in the Totus Christus
vv. 27 - the coming vindication of the Church, in AD 70
vv. 28 - the coming vindication of Jesus Himself at the ascension
3. Having a great chain upon His hand.
a. 1:17, 20 - "upon" His hand = the Church and her "angels"
b. The Church is the chain that binds Satan.
c. The word "chain":
(1) Handcuffs, Acts 12:7
(2) Captivity by a conqueror, Acts 21:33; 28:20; Ephesians 6:20
(3) Imprisonment, Acts 12:6; 28:20; etc.
(4) To restrain demons, Marks 5:3-4; Luke 8:29
D. The Four-fold World Enemy.
1. Four = world; Lucifer bound from deceiving the whole world.
2. Four names; cp. 12:9 "who deceives the whole world."
Dragon - devourer of the Child (12:4,17)

- warrior against God (12:7,13)
- creator of the persecuting Sea Beast (13:2, 4)
Ancient Serpent - seducer of the Bride (2 Cor. 11:3; Rev. 12:15)
Devil - tempter (Jesus in the wilderness)

- adversary (1 Peter 5:8)
- accuser, in the sense of slanderer (Rev. 2:10; meaning of diabolos)
- deceiver (Rev. 20:10)
Satan - accuser, in the sense of prosecuting attorney

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LECTURE #179 – THE MILLENIUM III - REVELATION 20:1-3
E. Bound for 1000 Years.
1. When the Church binds Satan, the world experiences millennium.
2. When the Church grows lax, Satan becomes loose - but only partially, only in particular nations,
never everywhere at once.
3. How the Church binds, according to Revelation:
a. Solid Church discipline: chapters 2-3.
b. Uncompromised presentation of the Word: 1:2,9; 6:9; 12:17; 20:4.
c. Sacramental participation in the body and blood: suffering and martyrdom.
4. Binding has to do with persecution: Dragon & Satan.
F. Exiled for 1000 Years.
1. Exiled to the pit by the presentation of the gospel, Luke 10:18.
a. Loosed from the pit in 9:1-11, to plague the Church with Judaizing heresy,
1 Thessalonians 2:18.
b. Exiled to the pit by the work of Paul and the apostles, Romans 16:20.
c. Loosed from the pit by the great apostasy, 17:8.
d. Definitively exiled to pit by Jesus at His Vindication.
e. Relatively exiled or released by the Church, faithful or lax.
2. Exile has to do with deception: Serpent & Devil.
a. This is the central issue, the central manifestation of Lucifer.
b. Lucifer did not attack (dragon) or accuse (satan) Adam and Eve, but:
(1) as serpent deceived them.
(2) as devil slandered God.
3. Shut and sealed:
Daniel 6:19
Matthew 27:66
Revelation 7
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G. Loosed for a Short Time.
1. "Loosed" refers to both the binding of chains and the exile to the pit.
2. 17:8 - the loosing at the end of the typological period (the Apostolic Age) lasted seven years:
AD 64-70.
3. He is loosed in a relative manner whenever the Church fails to do her full duty.
4. Thus, demonic activity comes back to formerly Christian lands.
5. Following that, persecution arises in formerly Christian lands.
6. There is a tendency to fight the persecution with political weapons.
7. This is not wrong, but the primary battle is in the area of truth.
8. Charismatics fight the demonic, but without the weapons of truth and church discipline and
suffering; thus, the demons always come right back.
9. The book of Revelation shows us how to fight the demonic.

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LECTURE #180 – THE MILLENIUM IV - REVELATION 20:4-6
The Millennium (II)

20:4
And I saw:
Thrones,
And they sat upon them,
And judgment was given to them,
Even the souls of those beheaded on account of the testimony of Jesus
and on account of the word of God;
And those who did not worship the beast

or his image,
and did not receive the mark upon their forehead
and upon their hand;
And they lived

and reigned with Messiah a thousand years.
5
(But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were
completed.)
This is the first resurrection.

6
Blessed and holy is the one who has part in the first resurrection;
over these the second death has no authority,
BUT they will be priests of God and of the Messiah,

and will reign with him a thousand years.
I. Structure:
Verse 4:
A. Heavenly judgment (v. 4a)
B. Departed saints (v. 4b)
B' Faithful earthly saints (v. 4c).
A' Earthly rule (v. 4d)
Verses 4-6: John sees:

A. Heavenly judgment (not for millennium, but forever) (v. 4a-b).
B. Earthly rule (for millennium):
1. Faithful priests (v. 4c).
2. Reign for millennium (v. 4d).
3. The wicked (v. 5a).
2' Reign for millennium (v. 5b-6a).
l' Faithful priests also kings (v. 6b).
II. Larger Structure of 20:1-6: Five uses of "millennium":

A. Satan bound in pit for millennium (vv. 1-3a).
And I saw an Angel coming down out of heaven having the key of the abyss and a great chain upon
His hand. And He laid hold of the dragon, the ancient serpent, who is the devil, and Satan, and
bound him for a thousand years, and threw him into the abyss, and shut and sealed over him.
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B. Satan loosed after millennium (v. 3b).

So that he should not deceive the nations any longer, until the thousand years were
completed. After these things he must be loosed for a short time.
C. Saints judge in heaven (v. 4a-b).

And I saw: thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given to them; and the
souls of those beheaded on account of the testimony of Jesus and on account of the
word of God;
C' Saints rule on earth (v. 4c-d).

and those who did not worship the beast or his image, and did not receive the mark
upon their forehead and upon their hand; and they lived and reigned with Christ a
thousand years.
B' Wicked loosed after millennium (v. 5a).

But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were completed.
A' Saints rule for millennium (vv. 5b-6).

This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is the one who has part in the first resurrection; over
these the second death has no authority, BUT they will be priests of God and of the Messiah, and
will reign with him a thousand years.
A Sections: Church lives and reigns and binds Satan for millennium. Satan is the "ruler" of the "second
death," eternal punishment in hell.
B Sections: The wicked dead culture is bound from worldwide domination for the millennium, but is raised
again after the millennium is over, for a short time.
C Section: Two groups live and reign: the deceased saints in heaven, and Christendom on earth.
III. Overview: What John Saw.

A. Heavenly thrones, where the saints sit for judgment (v. 4a-b).
1. Not for millennium alone.
2. These are the thrones vacated by the angels earlier.
3. Symbolically, those in union with John the Forerunner.
4. From 14:13, I believe we join them when we die.
5. This is NOT the first resurrection.
B. Earthly rule, the Church governing the earth (v. 4c-6).
1. This lasts for a millennium.
2. After the millennium, the wicked are loosed for a short time.
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3. The first resurrection is the reviving of the Church after AD 70.
IV. Exegesis:
A. The Thrones. Chiastic structure of Revelation, as well as the theology of Revelation, establishes that
these are the thrones formerly occupied by the angels:
A. John and Jesus, 1

B. Churches, 2-3
C. Throne/s in Heaven, 4-5
D. Horses, 6:1-8 (first four seals)
D’ Horses, 19:11-21
C’ Throne/s in Heaven, 20
B’ Church, 21:1 – 22:5
A’ John and Jesus, 22:6-21
B. Those who sit on them are specified as "the souls beheaded….”
C. Judgment given them: The same judgments the angels have been administering throughout the book.
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LECTURE #181 – JOHN THE FORERUNNER - REVELATION 20:4
D. Beheaded - what does it mean?
1. Immediate background: John the Forerunner. Mark 6:14-29.
a. Herod as Land Beast; false prophet who kills true prophet.
b. Herodias as Harlot, unfaithful to husband.
c. Daughter ("little girl") becomes mimetic duplication of her mother.
Herod offers his kingdom to her, as new wife so to speak.

She gains her desires from her mother by mimesis.
d. Reluctant Herod goes ahead and kills John because of the crowd: mimetic "mob
psychology":
All captivated by the charming child.

All excited at the prospect of violence.
e. Thus, the total picture is that of the faithful put to death by:
a. Cain; Esau.
b. Harlot bride; Jezebel.
c. Harlot daughter; Zion.
d. Mimetically massed mob.
f. Yet, we see in the gospels the expectation that John would rise again and judge Herod.
This is, in fact, exactly what Revelation shows us: The resurrected Church destroys
Beast and False Prophet (Rev. 19).
2. Larger background:
Head wound as punishment of Satan.

When Satan rules, saints receive head wound.
Saints beheaded because cut off from Christ the Head?
Jesus receives only foot wound.
When Jesus rules, saints receive foot wound only.
Wicked beheaded during millennium, because Satan (their head) is bound.
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LECTURE #182 – NAZIRITES - REVELATION 20:4
3. Nazirites:
a. Numbers 6 - dedicated head; head given to God.
Numbers 1: mustering of the host.

Numbers 2: organization of the host.
Numbers 3: mustering of the Levites: Church as Army.
Numbers 4: portage and cortege of the King-Commander.
Numbers 5a: removal of unclean persons from the host.
Numbers 5b: inspection of suspected bride.
Numbers 6a: host as warrior bride. (Nazirites)
Numbers 6b: benediction of host.
b. End of Mosaic period: two.
c. End of Restoration era: one.
d. Jesus.
e. Paul.
f. Samuel may set up kingdom; Jesus dies that Paul may set up Kingdom.
g. The anti-Nazirite: false son of David.
h. The anti-Nazirites: false sons of Jesus (Revelation 9:8).
i. All holy warriors as Nazirites: Judges 5.
j. Implied Nazirites in Revelation 7:3 - sealed on their heads.
k. Beheaded: what Herod thought he was doing versus what was really happening.
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LECTURE #183 – CORPORATE RESURRECTION - REVELATION 20:4-6
E. Resurrection - what does it mean?
1. Coming back to life, resuscitation: Lazarus, etc.
2. Rising to glorified, transfigured life as individuals: Jesus.
3. Cultural revival: Ezekiel 37; Romans 11.
4. Not used for ascension to rule, unless it is used that way here.
5. Arguments for seeing the resurrection here as cultural revival:
a. Contrast between "judgment" and "reign."
b. The millennium is on the earth, not in heaven, according to the preceding verses.
6. This is the resurrection of the Apostolic or First fruits Church, martyred in Revelation 14. The
resurrected Christ now has a resurrected Bride.
F. Exegesis:
And those who did not worship the beast

or his image,
and did not receive the mark upon their forehead
and upon their hand;
1. Allusion to the three enemies of Revelation 13:

a. worship the Sea Beast
b. worship the Beast-Image (the Temple)
c. obey the Land Beast
2. Worshipping the Temple = reposing trust and faith in the completed Temple as a guarantee of
God's favor.
3. The people here are not all the saints of all time, as in the first part of the verse (who ascend to
heaven to judge), but the saints of the Apostolic Church.
And they lived

and reigned with Messiah a thousand years.
1. The Apostolic or First fruits Church died in the Great Tribulation, as a body, even though not
every individual suffered martyrdom.
2. It is the Church as a body that joins Jesus in His resurrection now.
3. The reigning is on the earth.
4. Fulfillment of Daniel 7.
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5
(But the rest of the dead did not live again until the thousand years were
completed.)
1. The rest of the dead would be the wicked of the Apostolic era, considered as a body.
2. This body died in the judgments of Revelation 16-19.
3. This body consists of a worldwide united antichrist, which will not come back to life until after
the millennium.
4. The event is the same as Satan's being loosed at the end to unite all the world into an antichrist
body against the Church.
This is the first resurrection.

6
Blessed and holy is the one who has part in the first resurrection;
over these the second death has no authority,
1. This resurrection of the body of the Church is said to be the first, implying another.
2. Those who have part in this resurrection are those in the post-Apostolic Church, like us today.
3. The second death is eternal judgment in hell.
4. It has no authority because we need not fear it.
5. The implied second resurrection of the Church is the eternal life in the world that is still to come.
But they will be priests of God and of the Messiah,

and will reign with him a thousand years.
1. Both priests and kings.
2. Priesthood comes first, then rule.
3. A priest is a Royal Household Servant.
4. Those who serve God will rule the world.
5. Those who try to rule God will serve the world as slaves.
- The Jews who worshipped the Temple (Beast-Image), and tried to capture God's favor by
building Him a building, were trying to control or rule Him.
- They became slaves in all the nations.
6. We are priests of God and of the Messiah, the man Jesus, who rules over us a1l at the right hand
of the Father.
7. We reign with "him," that is, the Messiah, as men united to the Man.
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8. Since the Apostolic Church is a type and model of the Millennial Church (us), the book of
Revelation shows us how to serve and reign.
a. Give vigorous musical praise to God.

b. Obey Him.
c. Maintain the truth against all lies.
d. Pray for change.
e. Bear witness to the wicked.
f. Die in order to expose the mystery of iniquity.
g. Etc.
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LECTURE #184 – SATAN LOOSED - REVELATION 20:7
The Final Conflict (Revelation 20:7-10)

7
And whenever are completed the thousand years,
Loosed will be Satan out of his prison,
8
And will go out to deceive the nations that are in the four comers of the earth,
The Gog and Magog,
To gather them together into the war,
Of whom the number is like the sand of the sea.
9
And they went up upon the breadth of the earth,
And encircled the Camp of the saints,
And [to wit:] the Beloved City.
And fire came down {from God} out of the heaven and devoured them.
10
And the devil, who deceives them, was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone,
Where are the beast and the false prophet,
And they will be tormented day and night for the ages of the ages [forever and ever].
I. Structure.
A. Millennium, completed.
B. Satan loosed.
C. Nations deceived.
D. Sand of the sea.
E. Breadth of the earth.
E' Camp of the saints; Beloved City.
D' Fire from the heaven.
C' Nations devoured.
B' Devil cast into lake of fire.
A' Day and night, forever and ever.
II. Symbolic Shifts.

A. The end of the Old Creation means that the symbolism in Revelation changes. There is no more Land
(Israel) and Sea (Gentiles), Beast (Rome), etc.
B. "Four corners of the earth."
1. Previously, "four corners of the land," referring to Israel.
2. Same words here, but now the whole world.
3. Proof: these people are like the sand of the sea.
4. Thus, the old evil "land" and the old evil "sea" are combined into one new evil power in the New
Creation world.
C. “The Gog and Magog.”
1. Gog is prince of Magog.
2. Previously, the Sea Beast was prince of Gentiles, and the Land Beast prince of Jewry.
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3. Beasts have been destroyed, and all enemies are now one enemy.
4. Thus, new name for the prince of the enemy: Gog.
D. "The Beloved City."
1. The Bride City arrives at the beginning of the Millennium.
2. This is the new symbol for the New Creation people of God.
III. Exegesis.
A. Whenever the millennium is completed.
1. Some have interpreted this to mean that the millennium is completed many times, and Satan is
loosed many times.
2. "Completed" cannot really be more than once, however.
3. "Whenever" means that the time is not going to be revealed.
B. The Gog and Magog.
1. The worldwide enemies of Ezekiel 38-39; the book of Esther.
2. We shall consider broader meanings in IV below.
C. Sand of the Sea.
1. God's people. Genesis 22:17; 32:12, 1 Kings 4:20,29.
2. A counterfeit multitude:
Joshua 11:4 - the 1ast batt1e of the Conquest.
Judges 7:12 - Gideon's symbolic battle.
1 Samuel 13:5 - Sau1 fails because he does not respect the covenant.
3. Where Satan stands, Revelation 13:1 -- a Satanic host.

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LECTURE #185 – THE FINAL CONFLICT - REVELATION 20:8-9
D. The breadth of the earth.
1. Link to the battle against Amalek on the plain in front of the Holy Mountain in Exodus 17.
2. Gog as we shall see, is Amalek.
E. Camp and City.
1. The Church as Camp: ready for evangelistic conquest.
2. The Church as City: place to fellowship with God in peace.
F. Fire from heaven.
1. "From God" not in many manuscripts. Doubtful it should be included. "From heaven" is
virtually a synonym.
2. Plug in all we have seen about burning the harlot daughter, the enemy city , the idolaters at
Mount Carmel, etc.
3. Holy fire at beginning and end.
a. Patriarchal: Sodom and Egypt.
b. Sinaitic: Jericho and Hazor: burned with "the" fire.
c. Kingdom: Jericho and Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar.
d. Restoration: Gog and Harlot Babylon.
e. New Creation: Jerusalem (pentecost) and Last Battle.

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LECTURE #186 – SATAN JUDGED - REVELATION 20:10
G. Satan and Devil.
1. Satan is "The Satan," the Accuser.
2. He organizes the enemy by falsely accusing God, as in the Garden.
3. This is shown to be a deception when judgment comes.
H. The Third Enemy Cast into the Lake of Fire:
1. Babylon, 14:9-11.
2. Beast and Pseudoprophet, 19:20.
3. Satan, 20:10.
4. Death and Sheo1, 20:14.
- Note chiasm:
A. Death and Sheol, 6:8.
B. Satan, ch. 12.
C. Beast and Pseudoprophet, ch. 13a.
D. Babylon, Beast-Image, ch. 13b.
D' Babylon, 14:9-1.
C. Beast and Pseudoprophet, 19:20.
B’ Satan, 20:10.
A’ Death and Sheol, 20:14.
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LECTURE #187 – CONQUEST IN JOSHUA
1. In every case, all the human life was destroyed in the conquered cities.
2. Only in the case of the first city were all the spoils given to Yahweh.
3. None of the cities was burned up except for the first two and the last:
Beginning: Jericho - Ai -- Jerusalem (Pentecost fire)

End: Razor -- Babylon (Destruction fire)
A. Jericho, chapter 6 - compare Jerusalem in Acts 2-4.
B. Sin of Achan, chapter 7 - compare Ananias and Sapphira in Acts 5a.
C. Ai, chapter 8 - compare the renewed conquest in the Jerusalem area in Acts 5b.
D. Gibeon, chapter 9 - compare the Greek Jews in Acts 6.
E. Attack on Gibeon, chapter 10 - compare the murder of Stephen in Acts 7.
F. Conquests in the South, chapter 10 - compare Ethiopia and Samaria in Acts 8.
G. Conquests in the North, chapter 11 - compare Acts 10-11.
1. Opposition: Herod and Jews.
2. Opposition defeated in death of Herod, Acts 12.
H. Duplication: Paul extends Peter's conquest of the Greco-Romans in Acts 13-28.
1. Opposition - Babylon (Jews & Judaizers).
2. Opposition defeated in destruction of Babylon.
3. Babylon's destruction parallels destruction of hazor.

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LECTURE #188 – OVERVIEW OF EZEKIEL
IV.The Battle of Gog and Magog.

A. This is the "Jericho Battle" that comes at the beginning of the Latter Days.
B. As the destruction of Jericho is answered by the destruction of Hazor, so the destruction of the whole
Oikumenical World at the Battle of Gog is answered by the destruction of the whole Oikumenical World in
Revelation 16-19.
C. Thus, the Battle of Gog is a type of the Last Battle:
1. Last Battle of the Old Creation (Revelation 16-19).
2. Last Battle of the New Creation (Revelation 20).
D. Ezekiel 38-39.
1. Structure of Ezekiel:
I. God Takes the World in Hand, ch. 1-7.
II. Firmament-Rulers of Israel To Be Judged, ch. 8-13.
III. Arboreal Imagery Describes the Coming Judgment, ch. 14-19.
IV. Climax: City and Land To Be Destroyed, ch. 20-23.
V. Swarms of Nations Around Israel To Fall Simultaneously, ch. 24-33.
VI. A New Adam and a New Eden, ch. 34-39.
VII. A New Sabbath for God's People, ch. 40-48.
2. Structure of Ezekiel 34-39:
33:21-33 Who Will Possess the land?
34 False and True Shepherds

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36:15 Mount Seir/Edom Versus Israel's Mountains
36:16-38 Regathering and New Heart
37:1-14 Vision of National Resurrection
37:15-28 Reunion Under a True Shepherd
38-39 Gog & Magog

313
LECTURE #189 – THE NATIONS AND EZEKIEL
3. Chapters 38-39.
a. Gog
- no Biblical links
- a prince operating in the land of Magog.
- head (leader) of Meshech and Tubal.
b. Magog, Meshech, and Tubal
- "Genesis 10:2 - Japhethite powers.
- thus, nations of the Oikumenical era.
THE FORMER DAYS: From Abraham to Exile - Hamite world: Egypt, Phi1istia, Assyria, Babylon,
Canaan, etc.
THE LATTER DAYS: From Restoration to AD 70 - Japhethite world: Persia, Greece, Rome, etc.
c. Timing of the event in Ezekiel links it to Esther.
d. Situation: Worldwide attack by all gentile powers of oikumene; compare in Esther the
137 Provinces, with idiomatic languages and scripts, united against Jewry.
e. Objection: In Esther the attack is all over the Persian Empire, but in Ezekiel it is an
invasion of the Land. Answer: Since most Jews were in the land (Trans-Euphrates
Province), the attack would be most concentrated there; also, Ezekiel writes in
symbol, so the "land" is Jewry.
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LECTURE #190 – GOG AND HAMAN AGAG
f. Literary clues:
- leader and head of these Gentile powers, operating in the Gentile land of
"Magog," is Haman the Agagite.
- buria1 site for the enemy is “Hamon-Gog” (39:11,15)
- Haman the Agagite Hamon-Gog
Haman ‘agagi Hamon Gog
with vowels:
vowels removed:
g. Situation:
- End of chapter 37: "David" is King.
- End of chapter 37: " All the nations know."
- Provokes final desperate attack.
h. Interpretation:
1. Prophecies use earlier language to predict future events; hence, "King David."
2. Most prophecies have a near and a Messianic fulfillment.
3. The near fulfillment is a sign that the greater will also be fulfilled.
4. Near fulfillment No.1: "David" is Prince Zerubbabel. When the Jews start to
rebuild the Temple, the gentiles attack. Ezra 3-4.
5. Near fulfillment No. 2a: The Davidic crown is put on Jeshua (Zechariah 6);
thus "David" is the line of High Priest Rulers of Israel during the
Restoration. They hold the Davidic crown in trust for the corning Messiah.
Once it is really up and running (Darius year 6), the world attacks (Darius
year 12).
"David" is Darius-Ahasuerus. He deposes the old, faithless bride and marries

Esther in Darius year 7. Compare Jesus' marriage to the Church that
inaugurates the millennium. Attack follows in a few years.
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6. Messianic fulfillment No.1 (Jesus): "David" is Jesus. When David-Jesus

becomes King, the world attacks in Revelation 8-14, defeated in
Revelation 15-19.
7. Messianic fulfillment No.2 (Totus Christus): "David" is the Church. When the
Church finally becomes "David" over all the nations, and the millennium is
over, the world makes a final attack. Also, as the Church progressively
manifests Davidic rule, there are numerous "Gog and Magog" attacks.
8. Note typological parallels:
A.l. Jews allowed to rebuild Temple. Attacked. Defeated by Scroll from

Darius.
A.2. Christians begin to build New Temple. Attacked. Defeated by Scroll
from Jesus.
B.l. Temple is finished and Bride is married. Attack. Defeated by force

from Darius.
B.2. Millennium is finished and Bride is married. Attack. Defeated by force
from Jesus.
Typological Parallels
Cyrus' ascension to the throne; new age begins.
Jesus' ascension to the Throne.
Proclamation of Cyrus (Ezra 1)

Proclamation of the Kingdom
People gather; rebuilt (Ezra 3)

Pentecost (fire on human altars, gathered in Jerusalem)
Temple begins to be built

Temple (church) begins to be built
Local opposition arises, Temple postponed (Ezra 4)

Local opposition arises, church scattered (Acts 3-8)
People settle down, begin to live at ease, but prophets call back
Paul's work; Letters to the seven churches - both stir up those at ease
Proclamation of Darius (Ezra 5-6a)

The Scroll of Revelation: the Temple will now be built!
Temple built (Ezra 6b) (Darius year 6)

Temple built: Apostolic Church slain to form foundation; ascends
Darius marries Esther (Darius year 7)

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Bride in white (holy), ready for Jesus (Revelation 19)
Temple in operation, begins to be adorned; people purified of wrong brides (Ezra 7-10)
Millennium
Attack by Gog (Harnan) (Ezk. 38-39; Esther 3-10); spoils to adorn Temple (Darius year 12)
Attacks on the Church during the Millennium, spoils to Church
City begins to be built (Nehemiah 1-13)

New Jerusalem being built during Millennium (nations bring glory into her)
Climactic "Gog & Magog" attack on the Kingdom (Revelation 13-17)

Climactic Gog and Magog attack on the New Creation (Revelation 20)
City is built and glorious (Ezekiel 40-48)

New Jerusalem completed as adorned bride, heaven and earth merged (Rev. 21:1-8)
317
LECTURE #191 – EZEKIEL 38:1-16
i. Exegesis.
38:1-6
A. The Seven Allies of Gog:
Japhethites (Genesis 10:2-3): northern extreme of oikumene
(Magog), son of Japheth

Meshech, son of Japheth
Tubal, son of Japheth
Persia (Medes, Madai) son of Japheth
Gomer, son of Japheth
The House of Togarmah, son of Gomer
Hamites (Genesis 10:6): southern extreme of oikumene
Cush son of Ham

Put, son of Ham
Analysis:
1. There has never been a Japhethite enemy until the book of Ezekiel.
2. Of the four sons of Ham, Mizraim (Egypt) and Canaan figure in the Former Days, and are no
longer on the scene.
- compare in Revelation the destruction of Sodom-Egypt.
3. Shemite enemies are also no longer on the scene. Edom, for instance, is no longer a power.
- compare in Revelation the destruction of Babylon and the Land Beast.
4. Thus, these are all the rest of the world, after the elimination of the enemies of the Former
Days.
- compare in Revelation: symbolism of Former Days enemies is used until the end of the
Old Creation; the final battle is against all the rest.
B. God brings this battle to pass, luring the wicked to the conflict. Compare Haman's casting of lots in
Esther.
38:7-9 - At Sinai again:
Gathered at mountain (cf. 34:13; 36:1-15).
Enemy gathers to attack at mountain, like Amalek.
Like a storm and a cloud: in opposition to Yahweh's Storm and Cloud.

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38:10-13
Devising an evil plan designed to acquire wealth; compare Haman.
Unwalled villages, a phrase only used in:
Zechariah 2:4
Esther 9: 19
Navel of the world: Jerusalem, site of the Temple.
The Onlookers: traders of the east-west route:
Sheba and Dedan - east
Tarshish – west
Thus, now all four directions converge on God's people.
38:14-16 - God's purpose: that all the world may know the Truth.
1. 38:16, that the nations may know.

4. 39:7, that Magog and the coastlands may know.
5. 39:22, that Israel may know.
7. 39:28, that Israel may know.
Observation: that the nations may know occurs four times, for the four directions.
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LECTURE #192 – EZEKIEL 38 - 39
38:17 - the presumption of Gog, who thinks that he is fulfilling the prophecies against Israe1, and thus is
God's agent.
38:18-23
Note verse 21: mutua1 destruction
Sinaitic era: Judges 7:22
Kingdom era: 2 Chronicles 20:23
Restoration era: here
New Creation: Zechariah 14:13 (Rome versus Babylon, Revelation 17)
Comment: Gog's Babelic alliance, like that of Rome and Babylon against the Church, can only last a very
short while. Satan can never unite all nations for very long, for each seeks to play god and suppress all
others.
39:1-6
Destruction of Gog's army -- compare Esther 9.
Curse of the covenant -- compare the hanging of Haman.
Vengeance back on the culture of Magog and the coastlands -- compare Esther 10:1.
Fire from heaven ends the battle -- compare Revelation 20.
39:7-8
Conversion of gentiles -- compare Esther 9.
39:9-10
Sevenfold weapons. (The word "weapon" means armor.)
Use for fire -- why mention this? I suggest an allusion to feeding the fire of sacrifice. The
weapons become the wood of the altar-of-the-land as a whole.
39:11-16 - Cleansing the Land of Corpses
The burial site: east of the Mediterranean Sea, within Jerusalem, in a deep valley, at a city. Thus, the
Valley Gehenna, the pit below Jerusalem.
A careful search: no dead bodies are to remain.

320
Applied evangelistically, it means every “dead” person must be confronted with the gospel.
Applied eschatologically, it means that the Final World will be completely pure of “dead” people.
Hamonah: a cryptic reference to Jerusalem,
Compare 23:4 and 48:35
39:17-20 - A Sacrificial Feast (compare the burning of the wood above).
39:21-29- summary
Chapters 40-48 - the New Temple and City built of the spoils (compare Esther 9).
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LECTURE #193 – THE AMALEK PATTERN
E. Esther and Amalek and Gag.
1. Haman the Agagite is an Amalekite.
Numbers 24:7
1 Samuel 15
2. Amalekites attack at certain specific times, according to the Amalek Pattern.
The Amalek Pattern
A. The Pattern:
1. Exodus from Egypt.

2. Initial blessing.
3. Attack by Amalek.
4. Blessing by Gentiles.
5. Housebuilding.
6. Conquest: extension of the House.
B. At Sinai:
1. Exodus from Egypt, Exodus 15.

2. Initial blessing of manna and water, Exodus 16-17a.
3. Attack by Amalek, Exodus 17b.
4. Blessing by Gentile Jethro, Exodus 18.
5. Housebuilding: national and symbolic, Exodus 19-40; Leviticus.
6. Conquest, Numbers (failure); Joshua.
C. Abraham:
1. Exodus from Egypt, Genesis 12b.

2. Initial blessing in the land, Genesis 13.
3. Worldwide attack, Genesis 14a, including Amalek allusion (14:7).
4. Blessing by Gentile Melchizedek, Genesis 14b.
5. Housebuilding: sealing covenant with the land, Genesis 15.
6. Conquest: influence among the gentiles.
NOTE: Amalek attack and a Worldwide attack are parallel.
D. Jacob:
1. Exodus from Aram-naharaim, Genesis 31.

2. Met by angels, short time of peace in wilderness, Genesis 32.
3a. Esau, father of Amalek, comes to attack, Genesis 32; which becomes:
3b. Wrestling with the Angel of Yahweh.
4. Blessing by Esau (!), Genesis 33a.
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5. Housebuilding, Genesis 33:17.

6. Conquest: fails due to sin, Genesis 34.
NOTE: It is God who raises up Amalek (Gog) to fight us, to make us strong.
E. David:
1. Exodus from Pharaoh Saul, who (like Pharaoh and Laban) pursues for a time, 1 Samuel 18-26.
2. Peaceful wilderness sojourn at Ziklag, 1 Samuel 27.
3. Attack by Amalek, who steal David's wives, 1 Samuel30.
4. Blessing by Gentile Hiram, 2 Samuel 5:11-12.
5. Housebuilding, 2 Samuel 7.
6. Conquest, 2 Samuel 8-10.
F. Saul: (an inverted example)
1. Exodus from Philistine Egyptians thwarted; oppression worsens, 1 Samuel 13.

2. Saul keeps the people from honey in a wilderness situation, 1 Samuel 14.
3. Amalek defeated, but then blessed by Saul, 1 Samuel 15a.
4. No Gentile blesses, but Samuel curses, I Samuel 15b.
5. Saul's house rejected, I Samuel 16.
6. Conquest: Philistines become more and more dominant.
NOTE: By now it is clear that the Amalek Attack Pattern is a test that comes to us right after we are
delivered, and in terms of which our house will be built or not. Therefore:
G. Adam: (the basic example)
1. Exodus: creation out of dust.

2. Initial blessing: the garden.
3. Amalek: Lucifer's temptation:
4. Blessing by God -- turned to Judgment.
5. Housebuilding -- postponed for a Second Adam.
6. No conquest, no extension of the House.
H. The Restoration:
1. Exodus from Babylon.

2. Initial blessings in the days of Cyrus.
3. Amalek attack: Esther, Ezekiel 38-39.
4. Gentile blessing: Ahasuerus honors Mordecai.
5. Housebuilding, Ezekiel 40-48.
6. Conquest: increasing worldwide influence.
I. Jesus: (in Matthew)
1. Exodus from Egypt, Matthew 2.

2. Baptism by John, Matthew 3.
3. Temptations by Satan, Matthew 4.
4a. Angels come to bless Jesus, Matthew 4:11.
4b. "Galilee of the Gentiles" blesses Jesus, Matthew 4:12ff.
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5. Sermon on the Mount: Housebuilding, Matthew 5--

6. Conquest: From Pentecost onward.
J. The Apostolic Church:
1. Exodus from Egypt/Jerusalem, Acts 1 (death of firstborn: death of Judas).

2. Initial time of blessing, Acts 2-6.
3a. Attacks by Amalek, Acts 7 through Revelation 18.
- "the first of the nations" now applies to Israel.
3b. Eventually joined by Worldwide attack under the Beast.
4. Blessings by Gentiles: throughout Acts, etc.; after victory, by angels, Revelation 19:1-6.
5. Housebuilding, Revelation 19:7.
6. Conquest, Revelation 19:11-21.
K. The Present Age:
1. Exodus from the Old Creation, completed in AD 70.

2. Millennial blessings.
3. Attacks by Gog and Magog.
4. Blessing by God at the Last Judgment.
5. Housebuilding: the New Jerusalem.
6. Conquest: further extensions of the City in history.
NOTE: Because the New Jerusalem is both already and also future, this pattern repeats throughout the
present age until its final occurrence at the end of history.
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LECTURE #194 – THE LAST JUDGMENT IN MATTHEW
Excursus:
I. Structure of Matthew 23-25.
II. Vindication of the Son of Man.
III. Further meaning of the passage, especia11y after 24:36.
IV. Exposition.
24:36-44 - destruction of Old World; exile; immediacy.
24:45-51 - but of which congregation?
25:1-13 - virgins and coming groom: before marriage; but also?
25:14-30 - slaves again, not sons; but also?
25:31-46 -
angels?
nations?
brothers?
eternal?
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LECTURE #195 – THE LAST JUDGMENT – REVELATION 20:11-15
11
A. And I saw a great, white throne,
B. and the One sitting upon it,
from whose face fled the earth and the heaven,
and place was not found for them.
12
B’ And I saw the dead,
the great and the small,
A’ standing before the throne.
A. And books were opened.

And another book was opened,
which is that of life.
B.a. And the dead were judged out of the things written in the books,
according to their works.
13
b. And the sea gave up the dead that were in it,
b’ and death and sheol gave up the dead that were in them,
a. and they were judged,
each according to their works.
14
B’ And death and sheol were cast into the lake of fire.
This is the second death.
15
A’ And if anyone was not found written in the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire.
I. The Throne, vv. 11-12a
A. Great - the ultimate tribunal.
B. White - holiness, righteousness as the standard.
C. The Enthroned – Jesus, whose Face has already figured prominently in the book.
D. heaven & earth // great & small - not the physical world.
E. no place for them - no standing in the court: all stand as equals.
II. The Books, vv. 12b-15
A. The Book of Judgment - created by the covenant witnesses.
B. The Book of Life - the roll of the covenant.
C. Judgment is by works: faith-full-ness.
D. Death and sheol = the abode of the wicked dead during the Millennium.
E. Sea = the heavenly sea before the throne: the abode of the righteous dead during the
Millennium.
F. Death & sheol in v. 14 = the people located there.

326
G. Second death = final death, separation from God.
The first death happened in the Garden, and all other deaths flow from it.
327
LECTURE #196 – THE NEW JERUSALEM – REVELATION 21:1-7
The Everlasting Kingdom (21:1-8)

l
A. And I saw a new heaven and a new earth,
B. (For the first heaven And the first earth passed away,
B’ And the sea is no more.)
2
A’ And the holy city, New Jerusalem,
coming down out of heaven from God,
made ready as a bride adorned for her husband.
3
A. And I heard a great voice from the throne, saying:
"Behold! The tabernacle of God is among men,
And He will tabernacle among them,
And they will be His peoples,
And God Himself will be among them [: their God],
4
And He will wipe away every tear from their eyes,
and death will be no more,
mourning and crying and pain will be no more,
[because] the first things have passed away."
5
A’ And the One sitting on the throne said,
"Behold, I am making all things new."
B’ And He said,
"Write, for these words are faithful and true."
6
B. And He said to me,
“They have come to pass.
I am the Alpha and the Omega,
the beginning and the end.
I will give to the one who thirsts from the spring of the water of life without cost.
7
He who overcomes will inherit these things,
And I will be his God and he will be My son.
8
But for the cowardly
and disloyal
and abominable
and murderers
and fornicators
and sorcerers
and idolaters
and all liars:
their part is in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone,
which is the second death.”
I. The New Universe:
The first heaven and earth were linked and separated by the heavenly sea. The new heavens and earth are
linked by New Jerusalem, which the Tabernacle of God with men.
II. World and Word:
A. Throne statements have to do with the new things, vv. 3-5a.

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B. Word statements have to do with completed promises, vv. 5b-8.
C. Parallels between Throne and Word statements:
Tabernacle among men. Alpha and Omega.

His peoples. Water of life for people.
Their God. God and his son.
No more suffering. Suffering for the wicked.
First things gone. Second death.
D. Background:
1. Yahweh gave the law, and the Tabernacle as His house.
2. Law creates the people-house of Israel, symbolized by Tabernacle.
3. Tabernacle houses the Law.
4. Each is context for the other.
E. Meaning:
1. The completion of all the promises of God means the first creation is fully over.
2. The removal of the firmament-sea means that the first creation has run its course.
III. All Things New (vv. 3-5a)
A. v. 5a is the summary of the Throne revelation.
B. The Tabernacle is the New Jerusalem.
C. The Tabernacle houses and is generated by the Throne.
D. Jesus is no longer in heaven, separated by the firmament from us.
E. The old creation, being fallen, is characterized by tears, death, mourning, and pain.
F. These "first things" have passed away, and all is new.
IV. All Promises Fulfilled (vv. 5b-8)
A. v. 5b is the summary of the Word statement.
B. The faithful & true words have come to pass.
1. The fulfillment of the promises happens first in the events in Revelation 4-19, the end of the
social dimension of the old creation.
2. Looking back at these events, we can be sure that Jesus will someday also end the cosmic
dimension of the old creation.
C. Alpha and Omega: the One who starts history will surely bring it where He wants it to go.
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D. The Spring of Life-Water:
1. Ultimately the Holy Spirit.
2. The "eternal life" Jesus promised.
3. Note the financial metaphor again.
4. Saints are thirsty, because they know they don't have life in themselves.
E. Overcomers: in Revelation, those who suffer for Christ, with tears, death, mourning, and pain.
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LECTURE #197 – CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WICKED – REVELATION 21:8
F. The eightfold wicked:
the cowardly - 1st Word (apostates)

and disloyal - 5th Word (unfaithful to the Father and Brother)
and abominable - 3rd Word
and murderers - 6th Word
and fornicators -7th Word (sexual sin)
and sorcerers - 8th & l0th Word (theft)
and idolaters - 2nd Word
and al11iars: - 9th Word
These seem to be related to 5:12 & 7:12 -- (see p. 78 above) [Rather Lecture 42, p. 88 – KS]
5:12 5:12 upward in 7:12 21:8 21:8 upward in 22:15

fifths fifths
power blessing blessing cowardly idolaters idolaters*

riches wisdom glory* untrustworthy abominable dogs
wisdom glory wisdom* abominable sorcerers sorcerers
might riches thanksgiving# murderers untrustworthy
honor honor honor immoral immoral immoral
glory power power sorcerers cowardly
blessing might might idolaters murderers murderers
all liars all liars all liars
*switched *circled from

#equivalent last to first
Correlations: 5:12 & 21:8
power - cowardly -- they are fearful because they don't trust Jesus' power.
riches - untrustworthy -- they steal what is entrusted to them because they don't trust Jesus' riches.
wisdom - abominable -- lacking the wisdom of Jesus, they fall into abominations.
might - murderers -- they avenge themselves because they don't trust Jesus' might.
honor - immoral -- because they don't esteem the honor of Jesus, they fall into immorality .
glory - sorcerers -- they seek glory for themselves instead of basking in Jesus' glory.
blessing - idolaters -- they seek blessing from idols instead of from Jesus. 5
Correlations: 7:12 & 22:15
blessing - idolaters
glory - dogs (abominable) -- associated with sorcerers above, here with anti-glory.
wisdom - sorcerers -- associated with glory above, here with false wisdom.
(riches) thanksgiving - (untrustworthy) -- those who thank God for their security can be trusted.
honor - immoral
power -(cowardly)
might - murderers
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Day 1 Day 2 Sinaitic
Throne Throne Throne
Heaven
Firmament
Earth T
Kingdom Gospel Everlasting
Throne Throne Throne
T Spirit
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LECTURE #198 – THE LIGHT OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:9-11
The New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5 or 9)
I. This section corresponds to the Letters to the Seven Churches.
II. The description of the City is that of a new creation:
Day 1: Divine Light of the City, 21:10-11
Day 2: Boundaries of the City, 21:12-17
Day 3: Materials of the City, 21:18-21
Day 4: Astral Light of the City, 21:22-23
Day 5: People of the City, 21:24-27
Day 6: Garden of the City, 22:1-2
Day 7: Sabbath Light of the City, 22:3-5
III. The City is made of the spoils of Babylon in chapter 18:12-13
Cargoes of gold Day 1: crystal

and of silver jasper stone
and of pearls
and of fine linen Day 2: stone temple

and of purple boundaries replace
and of silk cloth tabernacle
and of scarlet cloth boundaries
and a1l kinds of thyine wood Day 3: land and sea also
and a1l kinds of ivory goods
and a1l kinds of articles made of very costly wood
and of bronze Day 4: divine shining

and of iron replaces metallic sheen
and of marble
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and cinnamon Day 5: nations, glory,

and amomon and worship (incense)
and incense
and perfume
and frankincense
and wine Day 6: new garden

and olive oil
and fine wheat flour
and wheat
and cattle Day 7: Lamb and men

and sheep
and horses
and carriages
and bodies (slaves)
even souls of men.
IV. Babylon's list is 4 x 7 = 28. New Jerusalem predominates in twelves.
First Creation: 3 + 4 = 7 -- God (3) next to creation (4), side by side.
New Creation: 3 x 4 = 12 -- God (3) wed to creation (4), mutually permeating.
V. Introduction, 21:9
And [Then] came one of the seven angels,

the ones having the seven bowls,
the ones filled with the seven last plagues,
and he spoke with me,
saying, "Come hither.
I shall show you the Bride,
the Wife of the Lamb."
A. Note that it is a Bowl Angel who shows the New Jerusalem. The new city is a direct result of the
destruction of the old.
B. Why is the text so specific as to say that the bowls had the seven last plagues?
C. John as a new Zechariah, a new Ezekiel.

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Structure Review
A. Bowl Angel, 17:1
Come hither
Show you the harlot

Burned up, 18:8

Sea

C' Angel, 19:17

Sun
Day 5: birds

A' Bowl Angel, 21:9

Come hither
Show you the Bride
Day 7: sabbath
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Day 1: The Light of the City

10
And he carried me away in Spirit
to a mountain great and high.
And he showed me the City, the holy Jerusalem,
coming down from God out of heaven,
11
having the glory of God.
Her starlight was like a most precious stone,
like a jasper stone,
crystal clear .
A. Ezekiel 40:1-2.
Ezekiel/John stands on the Mountain.

City is also on the Mountain.
John is representative of the Bride, in/at the City.
B. Mountain = World Altar
1. Formerly, the Tabernacle/Temple was symbolically suspended over the Altar with the
(heavenly) Laver waters in between.
2. Now there is no more (heavenly) sea.
3. Therefore, the Temple-City moves down and covers the mountain as a pyramid.
4. Compare the Spirit's entrance into the world on Day 1, to bring glory-light.
a. "without form " = a great and high mountain

b. "and empty" = a City full of people
c. "and dark" = Light of God
5. God's glory is the light.
a. God is presented as a Jasper in Revelation 4:3.
b. God's glory refracted through the jasper and clear-gold walls (21:18).
c. The whole prismatic City appears as a star (same word as Philippians 2:15).
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LECTURE #199 – THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:12-17
Day 2: The Boundaries of the City
I. Boundaries:
12
Having a wall, large and high, having gates,
And at the gates twelve angels (messengers),
And names inscribed, which are the twelve tribes of sons of Israel.
13
On the east three gates,
And on the north three gates,
And on the south three gates,
And on the west three gates.
14
And the wall of the City had foundation stones.
And on them were twelve names
Of the twelve apostles of the Lamb."
A. We can count either ten or seven statements here.
B. The first three and the last three statements use the number 12, and the middle statement(s) count up to
twelve, making seven 12s.
C. Stationed around the Tabernacle on four sides were three-each of the tribes of Israel, to guard it
(Numbers 2).
D. Stationed around the Temple on each side were 24 Levite Gatekeepers (1 Chronicles 26:17-18).
E. The Gatekeepers are "angels, " the pastors, as of the seven churches. Like the tribes, they guard the
doors.
F. The foundation stones of the wall are the apostles (Ephesians 2:20; Matthew 16:18).
G. The wall with its gates // the firmament.
H. A pure wall is a symbol of pure virginity (Canticles 8:9).
I. Since the tribes preceded the new church of the apostles, we might expect the foundation to be the tribes
and the gates to be guarded by the apostles.
1. The full New Creation is founded anew on the apostles, with Jesus as Chief Corner.
2. The apostles rule the tribes symbolically (Matthew 19:28).

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J. The total of 24 apostles and tribal heads, arranged in a square around the Throne, replaces the 24 elder-
archangels of Revelation 4-5.
K. Since the stones are under the wall, each stone is below a gate; each apostle is associated with a tribe.
L. Since Jesus is the Chief Corner, only eleven actual apostles have names on stones. Jesus takes the place
of Judas.
- Jesus is of the tribe of Judah (Judas).
M. The twelve tribes are not the original twelve, but the twelve of Revelation 7, with Manasseh replacing
Dan.
II. Measurements:
15
And the one speaking with me had a golden measuring rod,
that he might measure the City and her gates and her wall.
16
And the City lies square;
and her length is the same as her width.
And he measured the City with the rod at 12,000 stadia;
its length and width and height are the same.
17
And he measured her wall: 144 cubits,
a man's measurement,
which is an angel's.
A. As in Ezekiel 40, an angel measures the holy environments.
B. Ezekiel 40:5 distinguishes the sacred and secular cubits. Here, the cubit is the sacred one, longer by a
handbreadth.
1. It is an angel's measure.
2. And a "man's," which means Jewish, specifically priestly.
3. The dwelling of God is no longer with angels, but with men (21:3)
C. The City is not a cube, for cubes don't have walls. The dimensions correspond to those of a cube
however.
1. The Holy of Holies is a cube.
2. The City is both cube and pyramid, both Holy of Holies and True Babel (Babylon).
D. As a pyramid, it is 12,000 stadia on each of four sides, and 12,000 stadia high; an implied total of five
measurements.
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E. The wall is 12 x 12 = 144 sacred cubits high or thick, an implied two more 12s; for a total of seven 12s,
as in the preceding paragraph.
- the heavenly holy environment is a cube.

- the firmament holy environment is a pyramid (the city).
- the earthly holy environment is a square, on the ground (the wall).
12,000 stadia = 1379 miles, based on a stadion of 606.75 feet.
144 sacred cubits (21") = 252 feet, 84 yards; about 2/5 of a stadion.
The ratio of 144 cu. to 12,000 sta. is 1:28893.
F. Ezekiel's angel measured the thickness of the walls to ascertain the depth of the gates.
1. Thus, it is more likely that 144 cu. is a measurement of the depth of the wall.
2. If so, we are not told its height. It may be as high as the City, forming a cube open at the top.
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LECTURE #200 – THE MATERIALS OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:18-21
Day 3: The Materials of the City

18
Wall: And the construction material of her wall was jasper.
City: And the City was pure gold, like pure glass.
Foundation: 19The foundations of the wall of the City were adorned with every precious stone:
The first foundation, jasper; jaspis

the second, sapphire; sapphires
the third, agate; chalcedon
the fourth, emerald; smaragdos

the fifth, onyx; sardonyx
the sixth, sardius; sardion
the seventh, chrysolite; chrysolithos

the eighth, turquoise; beryllos
the ninth, topaz; topazion
the tenth, chrysoprase; Chrysoprasos

the eleventh, hyacinth; hyacinthos
the twelfth, amethyst. amethystos
21
Gates: And the twelve gates: twelve pearls.
Respectively each one of the gates was out or one pearl.
Street: And the street of the City: pure gold, like transparent glass.
I. Five-fold description. .
- " five" as the number of strength , power (hand)
II. Wall, City, and Street.
A. A transparent, crystalline wall refracts the glory of the God's light and the City's gold
prismatically.
B. This supports the idea that the wall is as high as the City.
C. The City itself, apart from plants and buildings, is the purest gold.
D. This is seen in the street/s and open squares of the City.
E. The interior of the Temple was of the purest type of gold.
plain "gold" - used for the pillars and planks of the Tabernacle walls.
"clean/pure gold" - used in the interior of the Tabernacle, outside of Temple.
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"best gold," "close gold" - used for interior of the Temple.
F. The "glass" of the street of the City corresponds to the Sea of Glass/Ice of the waters above the
firmament in 4:6.
III. Gates of pearl.
A. The gateway into the City is the “pearl of great price” (Matthew 13:45-46).
B. A spherical pearl must be rolled aside to open a gate.
1. Thus the City corresponds to the Tomb of Jesus.
2. Jesus' tomb is a Holy of Holies (John 20:12).
3. Those in the City are united to the death of Jesus, which is their salvation.
C. The pearly gates are inscribed with the names of the tribes of Israel.
1. Mixture of land and sea imagery.
2. The Church is fished from the sea by the fishers of men.
3. The New Israel is a new twelve tribes, governed by the twelve apostles.
D. Pearls, being aquatic, are probably to be associated with the mouth/s of the River that flow from
the Throne, down the Street/s, presumably to the twelve gates.
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LECTURE #201 – THE STONES OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:19-20
IV. The Stones.
A. Background.
1. Exodus 28: Aaron's breastpiece.
a. A holy of holies with tablets inside.
b. Gems on outside as wall.
c. Turn on its side: gems underneath, holy of holies above.
d. Rearrange gems from four rows across to four rows around, to form wall of gems
beneath and around holy of holies.
2. First Kings 5:17 - foundations of Temple made of costly stones.
3. Isaiah 54:11-12.
B. Appearance: Colored stones at base of crystal wall would shed color up the sides of that wall.
C. The first stone: Jasper.
1. Jasper and Sardius are how God appears on throne (Revelation 4:3).
2. God appears to us as Word and Spirit.
Alpha 3. Sardius = Reuben/Judah, eldest: God's appearance first as Son, King.
Omega 4. Jasper = Benjamin, youngest: God's appearance last as Spirit, Bride-maker.
5. City is Jasper because formed by Spirit.
6. Glory-cloud is environment formed by Spirit; corresponds to Jasper walls.
7. Jasper as first corner of wall stones.
8. Therefore, probably, Jesus as Chief Apostle of wall stones, on whom the Spirit came first.
D. The other stones: the other Apostles, minus Judas.
E. Tribes and City foundation stones: Since the gates of pearl are each above a gemstone, it is
probable that we are intended to link the tribe-gate with its foundation stone, as follows:
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(clear) jasper - jaspis Benjamin

sapphire - sapphiros Manasseh (Dan)
agate - chalcedon Asher
emerald - smaragdos Levi

onyx - sardonyx Joseph
sardius - sardion Reuben
cchrysolite - chrysolithos
turquoise - beryllos Zebulun
topaz - topazion Simeon
chrysoprase - chrysoprasos
hyacinth - hyacinthos Gad
amethyst - amethystos Issachar
F. The Cornerstones: Where should we place these cornerstones in the Holy City's foundation?
John seems to make a circuit of the city, naming the stones one through twelve. In 21:13 he
mentions the twelve gates as three on a side: east, north, south, and west. Thus, he moves
from east to north, counterclockwise. In that case, the cornerstones would be as follows:
East Jesus
North Peter/Paul
West James
South John
G. The Other Stones: If we intersperse the other names from Matthew's list, which is the first
written and therefore the primary one, we come up with the following:
East Lion Jesus Jasper

Throne Andrew Sapphire
Mark Philip Agate
North Eagle Peter/Paul Emerald

Lampstand Bartholomew Onyx
Luke Thomas Sardius
West Bull James Chrysolite

Altar Matthew Turquoise
Matthew James (Less) Topaz
South Man John Chrysoprase

Table Jude Hyacinth
John Simon Amethyst
1. Notice first of all that this method associates Jesus with the Jasper, which is seen in the
Throne and is the stone of the City itself.
- Jasper is also the stone of Benjamin - Youngest son of Israel: last Adam.
2. Second, Peter is associated with the Levitical emerald.
- Peter is the High Priest of the apostolic band, replaced by Paul in Acts 11.
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3. Third, James and John are given new stones that do not correspond to any in the original
High Priest's breastplate.
- James = Chryso-lithos: golden stone (shiny stone -yellow-green)

- John = Chryso-prasos: golden leek (green)
4. Thus, at opposite comers we have the green of Levi, and the clear/gold of anointing.
(Gold //oil, Zechariah 4:12).
5. Messianic anointing: since Levi (emerald) was anointed. Green & gold: Three sub-
messiahs, with Jesus as Chief Messiah (Anointed One).
H. Tribes and Apostles
East Jasper Jesus Benjamin (Diamond – Naphtali) clear

Sapphire Andrew Manasseh (Dan) blue
Agate Philip Asher brown & white
North: Emerald Peter Levi green

Onyx Bartholomew Joseph black & white
Sardius Thomas Reuben dark orange-red
West: Chrysolite James (Judah, red jasper) golden-yellow

Turquoise Matthew Zebulun blue
Topaz James (Less) Simeon yellow
South: Chrysoprase John (Naphtali, diamond) apple green

Hyacinth Jude Gad light violet
Amethyst Simon Issachar purple
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Throne
Wall
River
Benjamin Manasseh Asher
Jasper Sapphire Agate

(Jesus) (Andrew) (Philip)
Eastern Face
345
James the Less Matthew James
James
John
Thomas
Jude
Bartholomew
Simon
Peter/Paul
Jesus Andrew Philip

346
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I. Color effects:
1. Similar colors are opposite each other in the foundation stone decorations:
- Jesus (clear) and James (light gold)

- Andrew (blue sapphire) and Matthew (turquoise)
- Philip (light brown effect) and James the Less (topaz)
- Peter/Paul (emerald) and John (apple green)
- Bartholomew (gray effect) and Jude (smoky hyacinth)
- Thomas (dark red) and Simon (amethyst)-
2. The colors on the foundation stones underneath the pearly gates would reflect color into
the pearls.
3. Thus:
- Jesus/Benjamin and James/Judah

- Andrew/Manasseh and Matthew/Zebulun
- Philip/ Asher and James the Less/Simeon
- Peter-Paul/Levi and John/Naphtali
- Bartholomew/Joseph and Jude/Gad
- Thomas/Reuben and Simon/Issachar
a. I am not prepared to try and unpack all the associations here.
b. It may be noted that Benjamin and Judah are linked in this scheme at two corners,
and they were linked historically as the Southern Kingdom
The Names of the Stones
While some of the Hebrew words for the twelve stones are not readily associated with other Hebrew words
(on the basis of common roots), most do have such relations. Thus, the stones have meanings. My purpose
here is to examine the meaning of the stones whose meanings we know, in relation to the tribes and
apostles that correspond to them. These are Hebrew words. The Hebrew language underlies the Hebraized
Greek of the New Testament, especially of Revelation. Thus, if there is an imbedded association of
meaning linking certain stones with certain concepts, it would carry over into the Greek names of the
stones in Revelation. In other words, we do not look up the Greek meaning of the names of the stones, but
relate them to their original Hebrew in order to uncover possible associations. The proof of the pudding is
in the eating, however, and so we now turn to see if the associations we can make have any worth.
The red stone of Reuben is the 'edom, from which we get Edom, the reddish son (Esau) of Isaac. In
Revelation, this is the sardius. This is directly related to the word Adam, "man," which in turn is related to
'adamah, meaning the ground. Thus, for the firstborn tribe to be called "man" is quite appropriate.
The stone of Simeon is the topaz, in Hebrew pitdah. It has no clear association with any other Hebrew
words. It may be another form of pid, which means "ruin" or "disaster." Certainly Simeon came into
disaster, but since these stones speak of the glory, not the ruination, of the tribes, this association seems
unlikely.
The stone of Levi is the emerald, in Hebrew bareqeth, which comes directly from a Hebrew noun meaning
"lightning. " Interestingly, the Levite warrior Barak in Judges 4-5 has this same name (literally Baraq).
Baraq was from Kedesh-Naphtali, which means Sanctuary of Naphtali, and was a Levitical city (Jud. 4:6;
Josh. 21:32). Now, we may be able to make a further association. The Hebrew word for "blessing" is barak,
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which though not spelled identically to baraq, sounds almost identical to it. The Bible is full of "puns"
based on the fact that words often sound alike, showing that the modern method of associating the meaning
of words only in terms of their written spelling is not completely accurate. We ought also to associate words
in terms of their sounds, as would be true of any spoken language. The fact that the Levites were specially
blessed makes this association very likely indeed. In fact, in Numbers 6 it is the Levite Aaron who places
God's blessing upon the people.
The stone of Judah is hard to identify. It is a red stone, and we have followed those who call it a dark red
jasper. In Hebrew it is nopek, which does not seem to be related to any other words in Hebrew. I suggest
that it may be related to the Hebrew pak, meaning a "vial" or "flask." This noun is only used three times,
once when Samuel anointed Saul king with a vial of oil, and once when Elisha anointed Jehu king of Israel
(1 Sam. 10:1; 2 Ki. 9:1-3). The association with kingly anointing might link this word to the royal tribe of
Judah.
The stone of Dan is the sapphire, in Hebrew sapir. It is related to Hebrew words meaning "book," "to count
or relate," "census, enumeration," "secretary," "enumerator," and "muster-officer." Probably there is a
hidden {spr} root meaning something like "to scratch upon a clay tablet." Since Dan would be like a lion,
and give forth leaders to the people (Gen. 49:16; Dt. 33:22), the association of Dan with "muster-officer" is
meaningful. The muster-officer gathered the army for battle. In Revelation, Manasseh inherits the place and
qualities of Dan. It is interesting that while Dan apostatized and wound up not even being included in the
genealogy of Chronicles, Manasseh multiplied and became two tribes, Manasseh west of the Jordan and
Machir or Gilead east of the Jordan.
The stone of Naphtali is the diamond, yahalom, which comes from a Hebrew word meaning "to hammer
down, to beat into pieces." This is an appropriate name for the hardest of all stones, the one that can scratch
and even shatter the rest. Of all the sons of Israel (her own "sons"), Deborah called on Baraq to lead in
shattering the enemy, and he was from a Levitical city in Naphtali, as we have seen. Thus, the association
may be meaningful.
The stone of Gad is the hyacinth, leshem. My guess is that it is related to the Hebrew word for an old,
kingly lion, layish, since Gad is strongly associated with the lion in Deuteronomy 33:20-21.
The stone of Asher is the agate, shbo, which seems to be related to Hebrew words meaning "capture," of
"captive." I don't know of any place in the Old Testament where Asher is said to conquer or take captives,
however, and the association of shbo with the notion of captivity is questionable anyway. Yet, in Judges
1:32 we read that the tribe of Asher did not drive out the Canaanites, but lived among them, captured by
them as it were. This would be an inversion of the glory of the stone shbo.
The stone of Issachar is the amethyst, 'ahlamah. The Hebrew associations of this word are unclear, but it
might be related to halam, which means "to be strong or healthy." It is interesting to note that the aitch in
this word is the hard aitch, while in the word for diamond above, yahalom, the aitch is the soft aitch. Both
words are associated with strength, however, showing again the "pun" association of Hebrew words
mentioned above. Issachar is a strong tribe, according to Genesis 49:14-15.
The stone of Zebulun is the turquoise, tarshish, which seems to be related to a Hebrew word, rashash,
meaning "to beat down or shatter." Zebulun was associated with Baraq and the tribe of Naphtali in the
shattering defeat of Sisera in Judges 4-5. Thus, for Zebulun to have a stone whose name is related in
meaning to that of Naphtali is significant.
The stone of Joseph is the onyx, shoham. It does not seem to have any associated words, but possibly is
linked to the Hebrew verb shavah, meaning "to set or place." The vee in shavah could become an "o" sound
when conjugated. Joseph did provide a place for Israel in Egypt, and all the tribes are placed on the onyx
stones on the High Priest's shoulders.
The stone of Benjamin, is the yashpar (jasper), which is related to a Hebrew word meaning "to be
beautiful" (shapar). Naturally, such a name would fit a beautiful stone like the jasper, but it is also quite
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fitting for the last name in the list. The dirt of 'edom has become the beauty of yashpar. The Jasper is
related to the Holy Spirit as one of the Throne stones of Revelation 4, while the Sardius is related to the
Son, the eternal image of God, archetype of the temporal image of God, humanity.
An additional note on the clear stone of Revelation (jasper), linked with Benjamin, and the clear diamond
of Naphtali: Naphtali was the last son of Leah and Benjamin was the latter son of Rachel. This links them.
We must also link the clear stone with the Bride, and the last of Leah's children, after Naphtali, was Dinah.
The younger/youngest brother is linked with the young daughter as someone to be protected and nourished
by the elder/eldest brother/s. Reuben and Judah's protective actions regarding Benjamin should be linked
with the wicked perversion of such protection that Simeon and Levi provided Dinah.
All of this flows into the "white stone" and "white horse" imagery of Revelation, which is that of the pure
Church, the pure little brother, the pure little sister/bride. It explains symbolically why Jesus, as the last
Adam, both Naphtali and Benjamin, can be portrayed as a clear jasper/diamond, which is also the stone of
the Bride-city.
We now turn the possible associations of these meanings with the stones as found in Revelation 21.
Jesus is the jasper. Earlier, as we have mentioned, the Son is associated with the Sardius of the Throne,
while the Spirit has been associated with the Jasper. The Jasper is especially associated with the City, being
her appearance and the appearance of her walls. Jasper is "beautiful," and thus is appropriate for the Bride
as well as for the Groom. As Benjamin was the Lastborn, it is appropriate to use his stone for Jesus, the
Last Adam. Since the jasper of Revelation 21 is said to be clear as crystal, some have associated it with the
diamond, which does not appear in the list separately.
Andrew is the sapphire. Does this tie with Dan, who might be the one who musters the troops?
Philip is the agate. If there is an association with the idea of capture, we do notice in John 1:45 that Philip
found Nathaniel and brought him to the Lord.
Peter is the emerald. Is Peter like lightning? The well-established idea that Peter is behind Mark's gospel
might link with the fact that in Mark Jesus is frequently going places and doing things "immediately,"
which correlates to Jesus as Davidic warrior and king, and also to the lightning-like movements of the
Chariot in Ezekiel 1, for Jesus is the Chariot incarnate. Paul is Peter's replacement as leader. Paul's travels
might be seen as lightning strikes against the wicked world.
Bartholomew as onyx is obscure, especially since we don't know for sure if the onyx is even to be
associated with the idea of providing a place for others.
Thomas as sardius links him with Reuben, both men who were at least occasionally double-minded. This is
"man" in all his instability before God.
James is chryso-lithos, which means "golden stone." This is a new stone. As we have noted in the lecture
notes, the gold of this stone is to be associated with the idea of anointing. I suggest that it is symbolically
linked with Judah, the Kingly anointed tribe. James was the powerful leader of the first phrase of the
Apostolic church in Jerusalem, which is why Herod (the counterfeit Judah-King) put him to death.
Matthew as turquoise would link with the possible idea of shattering associated with Zebulun, but what is
the link?
James the Less is topaz, which is Simeon's stone, but for which we have uncovered no association.
John is chryso-prasos, which means "golden leek," and refers to the shiny greenness of the stone. This is a
new stone also. I suggest that since the diamond of Naphtali is not found in the list by name, Naphtali's
name is above the pearly gate above John's stone.
350
Jude is hyacinth, linked with Gad and associated with an old lion possibly. If this Jude wrote the Letter of
Jude, he certainly was an old lion on that occasion!
Simon is amethyst, linked with Issachar and the possible meaning of strength, which might fit since Simon
had been a Zealot.
Since chrysolite and chrysoprase are new stones, what do they replace? The stones of Judah (carbuncle)
and of Naphtali (diamond) have disappeared. Moreover, the new stones are not the same color as the old
ones, and so we cannot simply make them equivalent. Let me suggest a possible reason for this change.
Jesus as Jasper is both a red and a clear stone. We have seen that He is Sardius, related to Reuben's firstborn
sardius. We have also seen that Judah replaces Reuben in the list of Revelation 7. Thus, the reddish
carbuncle of Judah has been absorbed into Jesus' Sardius. At the same time, the jasper of Revelation 21 is
"clear jasper," which may mean that it absorbs and alludes to the diamond as well. Thus, I suggest that the
"carbuncle" of Judah and the diamond of Naphtali have been absorbed into the Clear Jasper of Jesus in this
list. As a result, two new stones are needed.
All of this represents my "best shot" at interpreting the foundation stones of the Holy City.
351
LECTURE #202 – THE TEMPLE & PEOPLE OF THE CITY – REVELATION 21:22-27
Day 4: The Light of the City

22
A. And no temple I saw in her,
B. for the Lord God Almighty is her Temple,
C. and the Lamb.
23
A’ And the City has no need of the sun or the moon, that they should shine in her,
B’ for the glory of God illumines her,
C’ and her lamp is the Lamb.
I. "No more sea" - no more firmament, so the glory-light of the first day of creation now shines over all
again.
II. Structure: ABCABC.
A. Temple // sun and moon lights.
1. gold = liquid light; golden temple = light.
2. lamp stand in the Holy Place (Firmament) = sun, moon, stars.
3. "temple" here = Holy Place (1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 41:23; etc.).
- Hebrew hekal can mean either Temple as a whole, or the Holy Place.
B. God as Temple.
1. He is a consuming fire: we enter His fiery light.
2. The Glory illumines her: Jasper light.
3. The Glory surrounds her: Jasper walls.
4. The Glory is the Spirit of the Father.
C. The Lamb as Temple.
1. We are "in Christ" (Revelation 3: 16).
2. Compare Daniel 2:31-33.
3. The solid-light gold Lamp sustains the liquid-light burning oil.
4. Jesus as Lamp; Spirit as Oil: The Glory is the Spirit of the Son.
352
Day 5: The People of the City

24
A. And the nations will walk by her light,
B. And the kings or the land will bring their glory into her.
25
C. And her gates will never be shut by day:
C’ certainly there is no night there.
26
A’ And they will bring the glory and honor of the nations into her.
27
B’ And never will enter her anything unclean and practicing abomination and a lie –
only those who are written in the Lamb's Book of Life.
I. Nations = gentiles.
Kings of the Land = Jews.
II. Swarms of men // the fifth day of creation.

Birds that multiply on land // Jews.
Fishes of the sea // Gentiles.
III. Both come in together; both bring glory.
IV. Gates never shut: Clearly the City is now, not after the last judgment.
V. Literary structure links "kings of the land" with "no unclean and abominations."
1. Only Jews under the laws of uncleanness.
2. Only Jews can do the "abomination of desolation.
3. As teachers of the nations, the rejection of lies applies specifically to the Jews.
- remember Jesus' condemnation of the Pharisees.

353
LECTURE #203 – GARDEN, SABBATH, AND SIN IN THE CITY – REVELATION 22:1-9
Day 6: The Garden of the City

22:1
And he showed me a river of Water of Life, clear as crystal,
going forth out of the throne of God and of the Lamb.
2
In the midst of her street and of the River
on this side and on that side,
Tree of Life,
producing twelve fruits,
according to each month yielding its fruit,
and the leaves of the Tree: for the healing of the nations.
I. Day 6: Garden of Eden.
II. Collective nouns:
The Street, compare 11:8: all streets and open squares.
The River, compare the Edenic river: probably breaks into four and then into 12, to the twelve
pearly gates.
The Tree, compare Ezekiel 47: many trees alongside the river .
III. Overall picture:
Water = Spirit, proceeding from Father and Son, God and Lamb.
Fruit of Trees = sacramental presentation of the Son through earthly substance as a result of the
outflow of the Spirit.
- by extension: the presentation of the Lamb to men also through preaching and personal
witness.
IV. History of the Imagery:
A. Eden: river and two trees.
B. Patriarchal "Oasis Sanctuaries”: well, trees, and altar.
C. Sinaitic:
1. Laver before the Throne in courtyard (street).
2. Water from laver cleanses priests (for healing).
3. Water from laver cleanses (quickens) sacrificial food.
D. Kingdom:
1. Bronze Sea bestows water for priests to wash in (healing).

354
2. Water chariots form river from Throne to altar, provide water to quicken sacrificial foods.
E. Restoration (Ezekiel 47):
1. River from Throne extends to borders of the Land (not to gentiles yet).
2. Trees along riverbank: leaves for healing, fruit for food, flourish every month.
V. Details:
A. Water of Life - compare "living water" used in cleansing rituals.
- "unclean" = symbolically dead; "cleanse" = resurrect.
B. Clear as crystal -provides another link to the Spirit as the crystal wall of the City.
- Spirit makes the glory "cloud," a watery association as boundary.
- Living water at center and at boundary.
C. Tree of Life -
1. All the trees are now One Tree.
2. Restores life (healing) and sustains life (food).
3. Life provides a new beginning, leading to maturity and the Tree of Knowledge.
D. Twelve fruits -
1. Compare the" fruit of the Spirit."
2. The following are twelve fruits named in the Bible, but who knows if they are in view?
almond
pomegranate
grape
fig
olive
date
apple (apricot)
walnut
mulberry
sycamore fig
melon
myrtle berry
E. Twelve months –
1. Months are associated with the 12 star-signs of the zodiac.
2. Thus with the 12 tribes.
3. Thus, possibly, with the twelve fruits, one for each tribe, one for each pearl.
355
4. So possibly, if the River is l2-fold, each stream has a kind of fruit appropriate for the tribe
whose name appears over the pearly gate to which it runs.
5. It is the glory of God to conceal a matter; it is the glory of kings to search it out.
Proverbs 25:2.
6. Twelve different fruits at 12 different times: Jesus comes to us in different ways

according to the time in our life.
Thomas Bartholomew Peter/Paul

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John Jude Simon

356
Day 7: The Sabbath of the City

3
And there will be no more curse.
And the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in her.
And His servants will worship Him.
4
And they will see His face.
And His name will be on their foreheads.
5
And night will be no more.
And they have no need of lamplight or sunlight,
because the Lord God illumines them.
And they shall reign age after age.
I. The curse fell on the first sabbath, excluding man from rest.
II. True rest involves worship and enthronement.
III. Some specifics:
A. No more curse: the world no longer rejects humanity.
B. See His face -
- no more mirror: cp. 1 Corinthians 13:12; 2 Corinthians 3:18.
C. Name on foreheads: all are Aarons.
D. No more night -
1. Night is not evil, but preliminary.
2. Nicodemus came to Jesus by night.
IV. A structural comment:
The seven statements here seem to be a tuned version of the days of the first creation. Tuning is by fifths,
and consists of taking every fifth item in the list in order. The meaning is that the spoken monotone of the
Old Creation is now tuned into music played on lyres in the New Creation. At any rate, the following seems
possible:
Original order: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tuned order: 1 5 2 6 3 7 4
Since the sun comes in the next to the last position in the list under consideration, the order shifts over one
position: 5 2 6 3 7 4 1. Thus:
Day 5: no more curse: swarms of gentile enemies administered the curse in the Old Creation.
Day 2: throne of God: firmament. Day 6: His servants: humanity.
Day 3: see His face: Bible often speaks of the 'face of the land,' and Jesus is the true Soil of the New
Adamic Land.
Day 7: name on forehead as true worshippers.
Day 4: God as New Sun.
357
Day 1: Bride reigns over all with God, as God did alone in the beginning.
Jesus and the City
1:14-16
1. Head & hair, white wool (Nazirite)

2. Eyes, flame of fire
3. Feet, bronze
4. Voice, waters
5. Hand, stars
6. Mouth, sword
7. Face, sun
Retune the list, starting with 7 and moving forward:
7. Face, sun
4. Voice, waters
1. Head & hair, white wool
5. Hand, stars
2. Eyes, flame of fire
6. Mouth, sword
3. Feet, bronze
Reverse the order, and it corresponds to the Bride:
Feet of bronze // City coming down - city as footstool, holding Him enthroned
Mouth & sword // the guarded gates, which are also open: the gospel
Eyes // gemstones, whose facets are eyes (Zechariah 3:9, inscribed like breastplate stones)
Hand & stars // no sun and moon
Nazirite head // people of God, "the beheaded ones"
Voice & water // river of water from throne
Face // they will see His face
358
The Church's Response (22:6-9)
This passage is usually put with the end of the book as part of the final section, but there are reasons to see
it preferably as the end of the New Jerusalem section. The reason is that it corresponds to the end of the Old
Babylon section (17:1-19:10). Note how both sections begin and end:
17:l 21:9
And came one of the seven angels, And came one of the seven angels,
of those having the seven of those having the seven
bowls bowls….
and he spoke with me, saying and he spoke with me, saying
"Come hither! I shall show you "Come hither! I shall show you
the judgment of the harlot.... the bride, the wife of the Lamb"
3 10
And he carried me away And he carried me away
to a wilderness in Spirit
in Spirit. to a mountain great and high
And I saw…. and he showed me….
19:9
"Blessed. ...
22:6
And he says to me, And he said to me,
"These are true words of God" These words are faithful and true....”
7
"Blessed….
10 8b
And I fell And...I fell
prostrate before to worship
prostrate before
his feet the feet of the angel....
to worship him.
9
And he says to me And he says to me,
"Look, don't! "Look, don't!
a fellow servant of yours I am A fellow servant of yours I am
and of your brothers.... and of your brothers....
To God give worship!" To God give worship!"
But since it is the whole Book that is spoken of, this section should be seen as transitional: the final section
of 21:9-22:9 is also the introduction to the conclusion, 22:6-21.
359
22:6
A. Andhe said to me,
"These words are faithful and true.
B. and the Lord,
the God of the spirits of the prophets,
C. sent His angel to reveal to His servants the things that must come to pass shortly.
7
And (Thus] behold: 'I am coming shortly.' (3:11; & 2:5,16)
D. Blessed is the one who guards the words of the prophecy of the book."
8
E. And I, John, am the one seeing and hearing these things.
F. And when I heard and saw,
F’ I fell to worship, prostrate before the feet of the angel,
E’ the one showing me these things.
9
D’ And he says to me, "Look, don't!
C’ A fellow servant of yours I am,
B’ and of your brothers the prophets,
A’ and of those who guard the words of this book.
To God give worship!"
I. Structure:
A. Faithful words
B. Prophets
C. Angelic messenger
D. Blessing for those who guard the words
E. These things
F. John sees and hears
F' John's wrong response
E' These things
D. Rebuke for those who fail to guard the words
C. Angelic messenger
B. Prophets
A. Guard the words by worshipping God alone
II. Basic message: "These words are faithful and true, so to God give worship.
III. Expanded message: "These words are faithful and true, and the basic meaning of these words is that He
is coming shortly to all the churches, so guard His words and worship God alone."
IV. John's sinful response: worship the messenger instead of the Sender.
- The danger to the Church of all ages: a false loyalty and service to those who bring the word to us.
- Followers of Apollos, of Paul, at Corinth
- Church traditions and saints
- We should be grateful for the faithful men who brought and preserved the Word in former
ages, but we should always put God and the Bible first.
V. Points to notice:
360
A. "the God of the spirits of the prophets"
1. Means: the God who directs the spirits of the prophets.
2. The prophets only said what God told them. Worship God alone.
B. "the things that must come to pass shortly"
1. Directly refers to Jesus promise to come to the seven churches and deal with them, so
they should be ready.
2. By larger implication means that all the predicted events of the book are coming to pass
shortly.
C. "I am coming shortly" - a direct quotation from 3:11, also alluding to 2:5 & 16.
D. The blessing for those who guard the words of the book of Revelation.
1. What this means is seen in John's erroneous action: He is rebuked for having the wrong
response.
2. Guarding the words will mean worshipping God alone.

361
LECTURE #204 – THE FINAL EXHORTATIONS – REVELATION 22:10-21
Angel speaks:
22:10
And he says to me,
"Do not seal up the words of the prophecy of this book,
for the time is near.
11
He who is unrighteous, let him be unrighteous still.
And he who is filthy, let him be filthy still.
And he who is righteous, let him practice righteousness still.
And he who is holy, let him be holy still.
Angel passes on Jesus words, or Jesus appears and speaks:

12
"Behold: 'I am coming shortly.
And My reward is with Me,
to render to every man as his work is.
13
the first and the last,
14
Blessed are those who wash their robes,
that they may have access to the Tree or Life,
and by the gates may enter into the City.
15
Outside are
the dogs
and the sorcerers
and the immoral
and the murderers
and the idolaters
and everyone who loves and practices lying.
16
I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you (pl.) these things concerning the churches.
I AM the root and the offspring or David,
the bright Morning Star.’
Angel speaks:
17
"And the Spirit and the Bride say, 'Come!'
And he who hears, let him say, 'Come!'
And he who thirsts, let him come.
And he who wishes, let him take the Water of Life without cost.
18
I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book:
If anyone adds to them,
God shall add to him the plagues that are written in this book.
19
And if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy,
God shall take away his part from the Tree of Life and from the holy City,
which are written in this book.
20
He who testifies to these things says,
It is true: 'I am coming shortly.'"
John writes:
Amen.
Come, Lord Jesus.
21
The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all.
I. Chiastic structure:
362
A. The words of the prophecy of this book (10)

B. "Let" exhortations (11)
C. Jesus is coming (12)
D. Jesus' self-declaration (13)
E. The righteous in the City (14)
E' The wicked outside the City (15)
F. The angelic testifier (16a)
D' Jesus' self-declaration (16b)
C' Jesus or mankind encouraged to come (17a)
B' "Let" exhortations (17b)
A' The words of the prophecy of this book (18-19)
F' The angelic testifier's testimony (20a)
II. Parallels to Daniel 12:
A. Daniel told to seal up (Daniel 12:4a) // 22:10

B. "To and fro"; wicked and righteous (Dan. 12:4b, 10) // 22:11
C. Period before the end (Dan. 12:11-13) // 22:12
III. Implications of Daniel parallel:
A. The Book that must not be changed is not just Revelation but Daniel, which is part 1 of the
Book.
B. By implication, it is the whole Bible, of which Revelation is the climax and summation.
- cf. Deuteronomy 12:32
IV. Commentary:
22:10
And he says to me,
"Do not seal up the words of the prophecy of this book,
for the time is near.
11
He who is unrighteous, let him be unrighteous still.
And he who is filthy, let him be filthy still.
And he who is righteous, let him practice righteousness still.
And he who is holy, let him be holy still.
1. God hardens the hearts of Pharaohs.
2. But this is not the last word: people are invited to the City.
3. Thus, it is those who refuse the invitation who are encouraged to keep sinning.
4. The Word of God has this effect: driving sinners farther into sin.
12
”Behold: 'I am coming shortly.
And My reward is with Me,
to render to every man as his work is.
It may be that the angel is passing Jesus' words, or that Jesus Himself speaks at this point, after the angel
points to Him and says, "Behold!"
363
13
the first and the last,
We have considered this before. The focus is on Jesus as the Word, and thus the whole Bible as His Alpha-
Omega Word.
Note an additional parallel:
Urim begins with 'aleph, the first letter, and means Lights.
Thummim begins with tav, the last letter, and means Perfections
Jesus is Urim and Thummim.
14
Blessed are those who wash their robes,
that they may have access to the Tree of Life,
and by the gates may enter into the City.
1. Baptism takes place at the gate, before we go into the City.
2. The gates are of pearl, a water gem. Baptism again.
3. Baptism is the doorway to the Lord's Supper (Tree of Life).
15
Outside are the dogs
and the sorcerers
and the immoral
and the murderers
and the idolaters
and everyone who loves and practices lying.
We considered this earlier.
Note that a list of six is not a list of seven. Six is associated with Adamic man, made on the sixth day.
16
I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you (pl.)\these things concerning the churches.
I AM the root and the offspring of David,
the bright Morning Star.’
1. The "you" is plural, the angels/pastors of the seven churches. They are the first and primary
addressees of the book.
2. Five I AM (YAH) sayings: 1:8,17; 2:23; 21:6; 22:16.
3. David: Jesus is King.
4. Morning Star: Jesus is Venus, the star that appears just before the Sun rises.
- In terms of this analogy, the Father is the Sun, heralded by Jesus.
5. Recall that the City is also a star.

364
17
”And the Spirit and the Bride say, 'Come!'
And he who hears, let him say, 'Come!’
And he who thirsts, let him come.
And he who wishes, let him take the Water of Life without cost.
1. It is initially unclear who is being addressed.
2. If we take all four phrases together, clearly those outside the City are being invited
to come it.
3. Probably the first two phrases are a call to Jesus to come.
a. The Spirit, the Divine Matchmaker, calls Jesus to come.
b. The Bride joins with the Spirit to call Jesus to come.
c. Those who hear, the members of the churches, call Jesus to come.
4. The second two phrases are addressed to the world.
5. "Taking" the water might mean baptism, but in context probably refers to drinking. The one who
drinks the water is a tree, growing up and producing the twelve fruits. The Tree of Life in the
City, then, is a symbol for the citizens of the City.
18
I testify to everyone who bears the words of the prophecy of this book:
If anyone adds to them,
God shall add to him the plagues that are written in this book.
19
And if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy,
God shall take away his part from the Tree or Life
and from the holy City,
which are written in this book.
1. The angel is the testifier, according to Jesus (v. 16).
2. In historical context, the Pharisees and Judaizers added to the Word, while the Sadducees took
away from it.
3. As we saw above, this warning has to be expanded to the whole Bible.
20
He who testifies to these things says,
It is true: 'I am coming shortly.'"
The angel quotes Jesus again.
Amen.
Come, Lord Jesus.
21
The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all.
1. Now John makes a true response, not worshipping the angel, but amening his word and directing
his attention to Jesus.
2. The book closes with a benediction.

1999 An Exposition of The Book of Revelation - LECTURE NOTES

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1

An Exposition on the Book of Revelation

T. Laodicea: unified but compromised church......................................................................................40

Creation Days in Zechariah 1-6................................................................................................................109

B. The Trumpets in Context..........................................................................................................154

LECTURE #181 – JOHN THE FORERUNNER - REVELATION 20:4....................................................301

LECTURE #001 - AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF REVELATION

Informal Introductory Remarks

(No notes provided.)

A. Literary Structuring by Sevens

1. The many sevens in Revelation.

2. The structure of the book itself.

The Man (ch. 1)

The Churches: True & False (ch. 2-3)

The Call to the Throne (ch. 4-5)

The Book (ch. 6-7)

The Call to Judgment (ch. 8-15)

The False Church and the True (ch. 16-20)

The Bride (ch. 21-22)

LECTURE #002 – HEPTAMEROUS SEQUENCING IN REVELATION

(Comparison to Heptamerous Structure of Genesis 2-3)

3. The Heptamerous Structure of Genesis 2-3:

1. Garden formless, empty, given light-bearer, (man), 2:4-7

3. Trees grow out of land, 2:9; centrality of land, 2:10-14

4. Man established as ruler, 2:15

5. Commands, regarding trees, 2:16-17

7. Sabbath sin and judgment, 2:25 – 3:23

LECTURE #003 – THE LEVITICAL CALENDAR IN REVELATION

(Comparison to Heptamerous Structure of Leviticus 23)

4. The Heptamerous Structure of Leviticus 23:

1. Sabbath (vv. 1-3) – God’s rest

2. Passover (vv. 4-8) – sin removed

3. Firstfruits (vv. 9-14) – brought to God

4. Pentecost (vv. 15-22) – law revealed

5. Trumpets (vv. 23-25) – brought to God

6. Atonement (vv. 26-32) – man’s rest

LECTURE #004 – LITURGICAL WARFARE IN THE BOOK OF REVELATION

(Revelation as a Worship Service)

B. Liturgical Structure of Revelation

1. On the Lord’s Day.

2. Clearly set out as a worship service.

3. Meaning: liturgical warfare.

v. 3 – reading & hearing

v. 10 – in Spirit on Lord’s Day

1. Call: (1:10-20) [Sabbath]

v. 10 – Jesus call us to worship

v. 17 – Jesus enables us to worship

2. Confession of Sin: (2 & 3) [Passover]

3:20 – invitation to communion

3. Ascension for Praise: (4 & 5) [First-fruits]

chapter 4 – worship is already going on in heaven

chapter 5 – we, in Christ, ascend to participate

Procession of the Word

5. Proclamation of the Word:(8 – 14) [Pentecost]

Reading of Scripture (8 & 9)

Preaching of Scripture (10:9-11)

6. Administration of the Lord’s Supper: (15 – 19) [Day of Atonement]

Marriage Supper of the Lamb (19:9)

The Anti-Supper (19:17-18)

7. Mission: (19:11 – 22:7) [Tabernacles]

Invitation to participate in worship (v. 17)

5. Aspects of worship in Revelation:

LECTURE #005 - AUTHOR, DATE, & AUDIENCE OF REVELATION