Previous Year Question Paper With Answers

17304
21718
3 Hours / 100 Marks Seat No.
Instructions – (1) All Questions are Compulsory.

(2) Answer each next main Question on a new page.
(3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever
necessary.
(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
(6) Use of Non-programmable Electronic Pocket
Calculator is permissible.
(7) Mobile Phone, Pager and any other Electronic
Communication devices are not permissible in
Examination Hall.
Marks
1. a) Attempt any SIX of the following: 12

(i) Define ductility and state names of two ductile metals.
(ii) Define principal plane and principal stress.
(iii) State theorem of parallel axis for moment of inertia along
with a diagram.
(iv) Define axial load and eccentric load.
(v) State an expression for power transmitted by a shaft
giving meaning of each term used in it.
(vi) Define Poison’s ratio. Also state common value of
Poison’s ratio for C.I.
(vii) Define hoop stress and longitudinal stress.
P.T.O.
17304 [2]
Marks
(viii) In relation with eccentric load, draw stress distribution
diagram for –
1) direct stress > bending stress and
2) direct stress = bending stress
b) Attempt any TWO of the following: 8

(i) Calculate minimum diameter of steel wire to lift a load
of 8.2 kN, if the permissible stress in wire is 120 MPa.
(ii) A cantilever beam, fixed at ‘A’ has span of 1.5 m. Beam
is loaded with uniformly distributed load of 4 kN/m
over entire span and downward point load of 2 kN at
free end ‘B’. Draw shear force and bending moment
diagrams for the beam.
(iii) A simply supported beam of span 5m is subjected to
downward point load of 20 kN at 2m from left end.
Cross section of beam is 200 mm wide and 300 mm deep.
Calculate maximum bending stress developed in beam
material. Also draw bending stress distribution across the
section of beam.
2. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

a) (i) Define composite section and modular ratio.
(ii) State equivalent length for column which is fixed at one
end and hinged at other.
b) A column fixed at one end and free at other has effective
length of 6 m. Calculate its actual length.
c) A steel rod 12 mm dia. and 2.2 m in length is at 40°C. Find
expansion of rod if the temperature is raised to 110°C. If this
expansion is fully prevented, find the magnitude and nature
of the stress induced in the rod.
Take E = 2.1 × 105 N/mm2 and a = 12 × 10–6/°C.
17304 [3]
Marks
d) A metal rod of 20 mm diameter and 1.8 m long when subjected
to an axial tensile force of 58 kN showed an elongation of
2.2 mm and reduction in diameter was 0.006 mm. Calculate
Poisson’s ratio and modulus of Elasticity.
e) At a point, the normal stress ‘s’ is associated with a shearing
stress ‘q’. If the principal stresses at the point are 80 MPa
(tensile) and 30 MPa (compressive), determine values of ‘s’
and ‘q’.
f) A cylindrical shell is 4 m long with internal diameter 900 mm
and thickness 10 mm. If the tensile stress in the material is
not to exceed 54 MPa, determine the maximum fluid pressure
which can be allowed in shell.
a) A simply supported beam of span ‘L’ is subjected to downward

point load of ‘w’ at a distance ‘a’ from left support and ‘b’
from right support. Draw S.F. and B.M. diagrams. Take a > b.
b) State relation between rate of loading, shear force and bending

moment.
c) A cantilever AD, 1.5 m long, carries point loads of 500 N,

700 N and 900 N at 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m from fixed end
A respectively. Draw S.F. and B.M. diagrams for cantilever.
Neglect self weight of the beam.
P.T.O.
17304 [4]
Marks
d) Figure No. 1 shows a shear force diagram for a simply
supported beam ABCD of span 5m. Draw loading diagram
and locate the position from support ‘A’ where bending moment
will be maximum. (There is no couple acting on the beam.)
Fig. No. 1
e) A simply supported beam ABC is supported at ‘A’ and ‘B’

5 m apart with an overhang BC 1.5 m long, carries uniformly
distributed load of 10 kN/m over AB and downward point
load of 20 kN at ‘C’. Draw S.F. and B.M. diagrams. State
the value of maximum positive B.M. calculations for point of
contraflexure not expected.
f) A circular disc has diameter of 80 mm. Calculate moment of
inertia about its any one tangent.

a) An angle section 120 mm × 100 mm × 20 mm is placed such
as its longer leg is vertical. Calculate M.I. about centroidal
horizontal axis. Only [i.e. Ixx only]
b) Define polar moment of inertia. Also state perpendicular axis
theorem of M.I.
c) An equilateral triangle has base of 100 mm. Using parallel axis
theorem, calculate its M.I. about base.
17304 [5]
Marks
d) A T-section has flange 120 mm × 20 mm and web
15 mm × 120 mm, overall depth 140 mm. Calcualte M.I.
about its vertical centroidal yy-axis. [i.e. Iyy only]
e) State four assumptions made in theory of simple bending.
f) Draw shear stress distribution diagram for circular beam section.
State the formula to calculate average shear stress for circular
section having diameter ‘d’.

a) With reference to theory of simple bending, explain neutral
axis and moment of resistance.
b) Calculate diameter of core of section for circular column
section having diameter of 240 mm. Using basic principles
draw neat sketch for the same with dimensions. [Do not use
direct formula]
c) A rectangular column 450 mm wide and 300 mm thick carries
a load of 420 kN at an eccentricity of 110 mm in the plane
bisecting the thickness. Calculate maximum and minimum stress
intensities at the base along with their nature.
d) A hollow circular column having external and internal diameters
280 mm and 240 mm respectively is subjected to an eccentric
vertical load of 110 kN at an eccentricity of 100 mm.
Calculate maximum and minimum intensities of stress across
the section.
e) A 26 mm diameter rod is bentup to form as offset link as
shown Figure No. 2. If permissible tensile stress is 90 N/mm2,
calculate maximum value of ‘P’.
Fig. No. 2
P.T.O.
17304 [6]
Marks
f) Calculate maximum eccentricity for a hollow circular section
having external diameter and internal diameter equal to
250 mm and 120 mm respectively, so that stress distribution
is of same nature.

a) State torsional equation with meaning of each term.
b) A shaft required to transmit 25 kW power at 180 r.p.m. The
maximum torque may exceed the mean torque by 30%. If shear
stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm2, determine the minimum
diameter of the shaft.
c) A solid circular shaft of 30 mm diameter is subjected to torque
of 0.28 kN.m, causing angle of twist of 3.50° in a length of
2m. Calculate modulus of rigidity for the material of shaft.
d) Compare the torsional strengths of two shafts A and B, made
up of same material having equal weight and length. Shaft
A is solid and B is hollow circular with D = 1.6 d.
e) A hollow shaft, having external diameter 1.5 times the internal
diameter, is to transmit 150 kW at 200 r.p.m. If allowable
angle of twist is 2° in a length of 3m. Calculate diameters of
the shaft. Take Tmax = 1.2 Tmean . G = 80 GPa.
f) (i) Draw bending stress distribution for rectangular beam
section which is used for cantilever beam, subjected to
downward load.
(ii) Define torque and state its S.I. unit.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
Model Answer: Summer 2018
Subject: Strength of Materials Sub. Code: 17304
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Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more importance. (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.)
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by the candidate and those in the model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit
for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may
vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and the model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based
on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on
equivalent concept.
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Q. 1 (a) Attempt any SIX of the following : 12
Define ductility and state names of two ductile metals.

(i) 1
Ductility: It is the property of material to undergo a considerable
Ans.
deformation under tension before rapture..
1(any 2
Ductile Metals – Steel, Aluminum, Copper.
two)
(ii) Define principal plane and principal stress.

Ans. Principal Plane: A plane which carries only normal stress and no 1
shear stress is called a principal plane.
Principal Stress: The magnitude of normal stress acting on the 1 2
principal plane is called principal stress.
(iii) State theorem of parallel axis for moment of inertia along with a
diagram.
Ans. It states that the M. I. of a plane section about any axis parallel to the
centroidal axis is equal to the M. I. of the section about the centroidal 1
axis plus the product of the area of the section and the square of the
distance between the two axes.
2
1
MI about PQ = IPQ = IG+Ah2
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Q. 1 (iv) Define axial load and eccentric load.
Ans. Axial load: When a load whose line of action coincides with the axis
of a member or whose line of action acts at a centroid of a section of 1
member then it is called as axial load.
Eccentric load: A load acts away from the centroid of the section or a 1 2
load whose line of action does not coincide with the axis of member is
called as eccentric load.
(v) State an expression for power transmitted by a shaft giving

Ans. meaning of each term used in it.
 2πNT  1
P=   Watt
 60 
Where,
P = Power transmitted by shaft (Watt) 1 2
N = Number of revolutions of shaft per minute (r.p.m)
T = Average or mean torque (N-m)
OR
 2πNT  1
P=   H.P.
 4500 
Where,
P = Power transmitted by shaft (H.P)
1 2
N = Number of revolutions of shaft per minute (r.p.m)
T = Average or mean torque (kg-m)
(vi) Define Poison’s ratio. Also state common value of Poison’s ratio
for C.I.
Ans. 1
Poison’s ratio ( µ or 1/m ) : When a homogeneous material is
loaded within its elastic limit, the ratio of the lateral strain to the linear
strain is constant is known as ‘Poison’s ratio.’ 2
Common value of Poison’s ratio for C.I. = 0.21 to 0.26 1
(vii) Define hoop stress and longitudinal stress.

Ans. Hoop Stress (σc): The stresses which act in the tangential direction to
the perimeter (circumference) of the cylinder are called as hoop stress 1
or circumferential stress.
Longitudinal Stress (σL): The stresses which act parallel to the 1 2
longitudinal axis of cylinder are called as longitudinal Stress.
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Q. 1 (viii) In relation with eccentric load, draw stress distribution diagram
for
1) Direct stress > bending stress and
2) Direct stress = bending stress
Ans.
1) Direct stress > bending stress i.e. σ0 > σb
2) Direct stress = bending stress i.e. σ0 = σb
1 2
(b) Attempt any TWO of the following : 8
(i) Calculate minimum diameter of steel wire to lift a load of

8.2 kN, if the permissible stress in wire is 120 MPa.
Ans.
Given : P = 8.2 kN, σ = 120 MPa = 120 N/mm2
To find : dmin
Solution :
P 1
σ=
A
P
= 1
π 2
(d )
4
P 8.2×103
(d 2 )= =
π π
(σ) (120)
4 4
8.2×103
d= = 87.004
π
(120)
4 1
d min. =9.327 mm
1 4
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Q. 1 (ii) A cantilever beam, fixed at ‘A’ has span of 1.5 m. Beam is loaded
with uniformly distributed load of 4 kN/m over entire span and
downward point load of 2 kN at free end ‘B’. Draw shear force
and bending moment diagrams for the beam.
Ans.
Reaction at A = RA = (4 x 1.5) + 2 = 8 kN
SF calculations -
SF at A = + 8 kN
SF at BL = +8 - 6 = + 2 kN
SF at B = + 2 - 2 = 0 ( ok) 1
BM calculations -
BM at B = 0 ( free end)
 1.5 
BM at A = -(2×1.5)-  4×1.5×  = -7.5 kNm 1
 2 
1 4
(iii) A simply supported beam of span 5 m is subjected to downward

point load of 20 kN at 2m from left end. Cross section of beam is
200 mm wide and 300 mm deep. Calculate maximum bending
stress developed in beam material. Also draw bending stress
distribution across the section of beam.
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Q. 1 Ans.
Given : l = 5 m, W = 20 kN at 2 m from left, b = 200 mm,

d = 300 mm
To find : (σb)max
Solution :
Wab 20×2×3
BM max =M max = = =24 kNm=24×106 Nmm ½
L 5
3 3
bd 200×300
I= = =450×106 mm 4
12 12 1
d 300
y= = =150 mm ½
2 2
By using flexural equation
M σ
=
I y ½
M×y 24×106 ×150
σ= = 6
=8 N/mm 2
I 450×10
 σ b max =8 MPa 1 4
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Q. 2 Attempt any FOUR of the following : 16
(i) Define composite section and modular ratio.

(a)
Ans. Composite Section: If two or more members of different materials 1
are connected together and are subjected to loads, then such section is
called composite section.
Modular Ratio (m): It is defined as the ratio of modulii of the two
different materials.
E 1
m= 1
E2
Where, E1 = Modulus of elasticity of material 1
E2 = Modulus of elasticity of material 2
(ii) State equivalent length for column which is fixed at one end
and hinged at other.
Equivalent length for column which is fixed at one end and hinged at 2 4
other is given by
L
le 
2
(b) A column fixed at one end and free at other has effective length of
Ans. 6 m. Calculate its actual length.
Given : Column is fixed at one end and free at other end, le = 6m
To find : L
Solution :
le =2×L 2
6=2×L
6
L= =3m
2 2 4
Actual length =3m
(c) A steel rod 12 mm dia and 2.2 m in length is at 40° C. Find

expansion of rod if the temperature is raised to 110° C. If this
expansion is fully prevented, find the magnitude and nature of the
stress induced in the rod.
Take E= 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 and α = 12 x 10-6 / ° C.
Ans.
Given : d =12 mm, L = 2.2 m, T1= 40° C, T2= 110° C,
E= 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 and α = 12 x 10-6 / ° C
To find : δL, σ, Nature of stress
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Q. 2 Solution :
Free expansion
1
δL=L×α×T=L×α×(T2 -T1 )
=2.2×103 ×12×10-6 ×(110-40)
=1.848 mm 1
If the expansion is prevented, compressive stress
is developed in the steel rod.
Compressive stress ( )
σ=  T ×E 1
=  (T2 -T1 )×E
=12×10-6  ×(110-40)  2.1105
1 4
=176.40 N/mm 2 (Compressive)
A metal rod of 20 mm diameter and 1.8 m long when subjected to

(d)
an axial tensile force of 58 kN showed an elongation of 2.2 mm
and reduction in diameter was 0.006 mm. Calculate Poisson’s
ratio and modulus of Elasticity.
Ans. Given : d =20 mm, L = 1.8 m, P = 58 kN, δL=2.2 mm, δd = 0.006mm

To find : µ, E
Solution :
1
P×L 58×103 ×1.8×103
E= =
A×δL  π 2 
 ×(20)  ×2.2
4 
2
=151052.51N/mm
1
E=1.51×105 N/mm 2
  δd     0.006  
 
LateralStrain   d     20  
μ= = =  1
Linear Strain   δ L     2.2  
  L     1800  
    
μ=0.245
1 4
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Q. 2 (e) At a point, the normal stress ‘σ’ is associated with a shearing
stress ‘q’. If the principal stresses at the point are 80 MPa (tensile)
and 30 MPa (compressive), determine values of ‘σ’ and ‘q’.
Ans.
2
σ σ 
σ n1 = x +  x  +q 2
2  2 
2
σx σ  1
80= +  x  +q 2 -----(i)
2  2 
2
σ σ 
σ n 2 = x -  x  +q 2
2  2 
2
σ σ 
-30= x -  x  +q 2 -----(ii) 1
2  2 
Adding equation (i) and (ii)
σ  σx 
2  σ  σx 
2 
80-30=  +   +q  +  -   +q 2 
x 2 x
2  2   2  2  
   
σ 
50=2×  x  =σ x
 2 
σ x =50 N/mm 2 1
Substituting the value of σ x in equation (i)
2
50  50 
80= +   +q 2
2  2 
 25  +q 2
2
80-25=
(55) 2 =  25  +q 2
2
q 2 =(55) 2 -  25  =2400
2
q=48.99 N/mm 2
1 4
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Q. 2 (f) A cylindrical shell is 4 m long with internal diameter 900 mm and
thickness 10 mm. If the tensile stress in the material is not to
exceed 54 MPa, determine the maximum fluid pressure which can
be allowed in shell.
Ans. Given : L = 4 m, d = 900 mm, t = 10 mm, σ = 54 MPa
To find : Pmax
Solution :
P×d 2
σc =
2×t
P×900
54=
2×10 2 4
P=1.2N/mm 2
Allowable maximum fluid pressure =1.2N/mm 2
A simply supported beam of span ‘L’ is subjected to downward

(a)
point load of ‘w’ at a distance of ‘a’ from left support and ‘b’
from right support. Draw S.F. and B.M. diagrams. Take a > b.
Ans. i) Support reactions
Wb Wa
RA = RB =
L L
ii) Shear force reactions
Wb
S.F. at A = +
L
Wb 1
CL = +
L
Wb Wa
CR = + -W =-
L L
Wa
BL = -
L
Wa Wa
B=- + =0 ( OK)
L L
iii) Bending Moment calculations
BM at A and B is equal to zero (Supports are simple)

1
Wb Wab
BM at C = + xa =
L L
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Q. 3
1 4
(b) State relation between rate of loading, shear force and bending
moment.
Ans. a) Relation between rate of loading and shear force
dF 2
=W
dx
The rate of change of shear force with respect to the distance is equal
to the intensity of loading.
b) Relation between shear force and bending moment.
dM 2 4
=F
dx
The rate of change of bending moment at any section is equal to the
shear force at that section with respect to the distance.
(c) A cantilever AD, 1.5 m long, carries point loads of 500 N, 700 N
and 900 N at 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m from fixed end ‘A’
respectively. Draw S.F. and B. M. diagrams for cantilever. Neglect
self weight of the beam.
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Q. 3 Ans. i) Support Reaction calculations
Fy = 0
 RA – 500 – 700 – 900 = 0
 RA = 2100 N
ii) Shear Force calculations
SF at A = +2100 N
BL = +2100 N
BR = +2100 – 500 = +1600 N
CL = +1600 N 1
CR = +1600 – 700 = +900 N
DL = +900 N
D = +900 – 900 = 0 ( OK)
BM at free end (i.e. at ‘D’) = 0
BM at C = - (900 x 0.5) = - 450 Nm 1

B = - (900 x 1) – (700 x 0.5) = - 1250 Nm
A = - (900 x 1.5) – (700 x 1) – (500 x 0.5) = -2300 Nm
1 4
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Q. 3 (d) Figure No. 1 shows a shear force diagram for a simply supported
beam ABCD of span 5m. Draw loading diagram and locate the
position from support ‘A’ where bending moment will be
maximum. (There is no couple acting on the beam)
Ans.
(i) At A : The SF increases from 0 to 50 kN therefore RA = 50 kN. 2

(ii) Between A to B : The SF diagram is an inclined straight line in 3
m length, indicating that the beam carries udl between A to B. AB
having intensity =
 50-(-10) 
 3  =20kN/m
(iii) Between BC, the SF remains constant therefore there is no load.
(iv) At C : There is sudden drop from (-10 kN) to (-50kN).
Therefore there is a point load of
(-10)-(-50) =40kN 1
(v) Position of maximum bending moment from support ‘A’
Let ‘ x ’ be the distance of point of maximum bending moment from

support ‘A’.
Maximum bending moment occurs at point of contrashear.
SF equation at point of contrashear is
50 = 20×x
x = 2.5 m
Maximum Bending Moment at 2.5m from support ‘A’.
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Q. 3
1 4
(e)
A simply supported beam ABC is supported at ‘A’ and ‘B’ 5 m
apart with an overhang BC 1.5 m long, carries uniformly
distributed load of 10 kN/m over AB and downward point load of
20 kN at ‘C’. Draw S.F. and B.M. diagrams. State the value of
maximum positive B.M. Calculations for point of contraflexure
not expected.
Ans. i) Support Reaction calculations
MA = 0
 (RA x 0) + (50x2.5) – (RBx5) + (20x6.5) = 0
 0 + 125 - 5 RB + 130 = 0
 255 - 5 RB = 0
 RB = 51 kN
Fy = 0
 RA – 50 + RB – 20 = 0
 RA – 50 + 51 – 20 = 0
 RA = 19 kN
ii) Shear Force calculations

SF at A = +19 kN
BL = +19 – 50 = - 31 kN
BR = -31 + 51 = + 20 kN 1
CL = +20 kN
C = +20-20 = 0 ( OK)
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BM at ‘A’ and ‘C’ = 0 ( A is simple support and C is free end)
BM at B = - (20x1.5) = - 30 kNm 1
iv) Maximum Bending Moment
Maximum bending moment occurs at point of contrashear.
Let AD = x , where ‘D’ is point of contrashear at which maximum
positive bending moment occurs.
SF equation at D is
19 = 10x
x = 1.9m from support ‘A’
MD = Mmax = +(19x1.9) – (10x1.9x1.9/2)
= 36.1 – 18.05
= 18.05 kNm
1 4
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Q. 3 (f) A circular disc has diameter of 80 mm. Calculate moment of
inertia about its any one tangent.
Ans. Let tangent PQ parallel to centroidal x-x axis
According to parallel axis theorem

IPQ = IG + Ah2 1
IPQ = Ixx + Ah2

   d 
2
1
= d 4   d 2  
64  4  2 
2
   80  1
= 80   80 2  
4
64 4  2 
= 10.049 x 10 mm4
6 1 4
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An angle section 120 mm x 100 mm x 20 mm is placed such as its

(a)
longer leg is vertical. Calculate M.I. about centroidal horizontal
axis only (i.e. Ixx only).
Ans. i) To find the position of Centroid
A1 = 80 x 20 = 1600 mm2
y1 = 10 mm
A2 = 20 x 120 =2400 mm2

y2 = 120/2 = 60 mm
A1 y1  A2 y 2 1600  10  2400  60
Y = = = 40 mm 1
A1  A2 1600  2400
ii) Moment of Inertia

I XX =(I XX )1 +(I XX )2
 bd 3   bd 3 
I XX =  +Ah 2  +  +Ah 2  1
 12 1  12 2
 80×203   20×1203 
I XX =  +1600×(40-10) 2  +  +2400×(60-40) 2  1
 12 1  12 2
I XX = 1493333.3331 + 38400002
1 4
I XX =5.33×106 mm 4
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Q. 4 (b) Define polar moment of inertia. Also state perpendicular axis
theorem of M.I.
Polar Moment of Inertia:
Ans.
The moment of inertia of a plane area about an axis perpendicular to 2
the plane of the figure is called polar moment of inertia with respect to
the point, where the axis intersects the plane.
IP = Izz
IP = Ixx + Iyy
Perpendicular axis theorem:
It states that “if Ixx and Iyy are the moments of inertia of a plane
section about the two mutually perpendicular axes, then moment of 2 4
inertia of Izz about the third axis z-z perpendicular to the plane and
passing through the intersection of x-x and y-y axes.
Izz = Ixx + Iyy
An equilateral triangle has base of 100 mm. Using parallel axis

(c)
Ans. theorem, calculate its M.I. about base.
Height of triangle (h)

½
h = 100 sin60 = 86.60mm ½
y = h/3 = 86.60 / 3 = 28.87mm
According to the parallel axis theorem
Ibase = IG + Ay2
1
bh 3  1  2
=   bh  y
36  2 
100  86.60 3  1  1
=   100  86.60   28.87 2 4
36 2 
6 4
1
= 5.42 x 10 mm
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Q. 4
(d) A T-section has flange 120 mm x 20 mm and web 15 mm x 120
mm, overall depth 140 mm. Calculate M.I. about its vertical
centroidal yy axis. (i.e. Iyy only).
Ans.
As the given composite section is symmetrical about y-y axis

Moment of Inertia about yy axis
IYY = (Iyy)1 + (Iyy)2
 db 3   db 3 
=      1
 12 1  12  2
 120 153   20 1203  1
    
=  12 1  12 2
 (2880000)1  (33750) 2 1
IYY = 2.913 x 106 mm4
1 4
State four assumptions made in theory of simple bending.
1. The martial of the beam homogeneous and isotropic i.e. the beam
(e) made of the same material throughout and it has the elastic properties
Ans. in all the directions.
2. The beam is straight before loading and is of uniform cross section
throughout.
3. The beam material is stressed within its elastic limit and this obeys
Hooke’s law .
4. The transverse sections which where plane before bending remain 1 each
plane after bending. (any
5. The beam is subjected to pure bending i.e. the effect of shear stress four) 4
is totally neglected.
6. Each layer of the beam is free to expand or contact independently of
the layer above or below it.
7. Young’s modulus E for the material has the same value in tension
and compression.
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Q. 4 (f) Draw shear stress distribution diagram for circular beam section.
State the formula to calculate average shear stress for circular
section having diameter ‘d’.
Ans.
Average shear stress for circular section –
S S 2 4
avg = =  2
A 4 d
OR
4
max =  avg
3 2
3
avg =  max
4
With reference to theory of simple bending, explain neutral axis

(a)
and moment of resistance.
Ans. Neutral Axis: The fibers in the lower part of the beam undergo
elongation while those in the upper part are shortened. These changes
in the lengths of the fibers set up tensile and compressive stresses in
the fibers. The fibers in the centroidal layer are neither shortened nor
elongated. These centroidal layers which do not undergo any
extension or compression is called neutral layer or neutral surface.
1
When the beam is subjected to pure bending there will always be one
layer which will not be subjected to either compression or tension.
This layer is called as neutral layer and axis of this layer is called
Neutral Axis.
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Q. 5
Moment of resistance: Moment of resistance of the beam is the

moment of couple formed by the total compressive force acting at the
Centre of gravity of the compressive stress diagram and the total 1
tensile force acting at the Centre of gravity of the tensile stress
diagram. Moment of couple = C x Z or T x Z. This moment is called
the moment of resistance of the beam and is denoted by Mr.
1 4
(b) Calculate diameter of core of section for circular column section

having diameter of 240 mm. Using basic principles draw neat
sketch for the same with dimensions. (Do not use direct formula)
Given : Diameter of circular column = 240 mm
Ans.
To find: Diameter of core of section.
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Q. 5 Solution :
π π ½
A= ×d 2 = ×(240) 2 =45238.9342 mm 2
4 4
π π
I= ×d 4 = ×(240) 4 =162860163.20 mm 4 ½
64 64
d 240
y= = =120 mm
2 2
I 162860163.20 ½
Z= = =1357168.026 mm 3
y 120
For no tension condition
Direct stress = Bending stress 1
σ0 = σ b
P M
=
A Z
P P×e
=
A Z
Z
e=
A
1357168.026
e=
45238.9342
e = 30 mm
Diameter of core of section is
d' = 2×e= 2×30 1 4
d' = 60 mm
(c) A rectangular column 450 mm wide and 300 mm thick carries a

load of 420 kN at an eccentricity of 110 mm in the plane bisecting
the thickness. Calculate maximum and minimum stress intensities
at the base along with their nature.
Ans.
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Q. 5 Ans. Given: P = 420 kN, b = 450 mm, d = 300 mm, e = 110 mm
To find : σmax and σmin at base along with their nature
Solution :
P P
Direct stress (σ 0 )= = ½
A bd
420×103
=
450  300
=3.111N/mm 2
½
M=P×e=420×103 ×110=46.20×106 Nmm ½

d  b3 300  4503
I yy =   2278125000 mm 4 ½
12 12
b 450
y= = =225 mm
2 2
I 2278125000
Z= = = 10125000 mm3 ½
y 225
M 46.20×106 ½
Bending stress (σ b ) = ± =± = ± 4.563 N/mm 2
Z 10125000
σ max =σ 0 +σ b =3.111+4.563
½
σ max =7.674 N/mm 2 (C)
σ min =σ 0 -σ b =3.111- 4.563
σ min =1.4519 N/mm 2 (T) ½ 4
(d) A hollow circular column having external and internal diameters

280 mm and 240 mm respectively is subjected to an eccentric
vertical load of 110 kN at an eccentricity of 100 mm. Calculate
maximum and minimum intensities of stress across the section.
Ans.
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Q. 5 Ans. Given : D = 280 mm, d = 240 mm, e = 100 mm, P = 110 kN
To find : σmax and σmin across the section
Solution :
P P
Direct stress (σ 0 )= = ½
A  D2  d 2
4
 
110×103
=

4
 2802  2402 
½
=6.733 N/mm 2
M
Bending stress (σ b ) = ±
Z
M=P×e=110×10 ×100=11×106 Nmm
3 ½
 
I=
64
D 4
d4  =
64
 280 4
 2404   138858395.3mm 4 ½
D 280
y= = =140 mm
2 2
I 138858395.3
Z= = = 991845.6806 mm3 ½
y 140
M 11×106 ½
(σ b ) = ± =± = ±11.09 N/mm 2
Z 991845.6806
σ max =σ 0 +σ b =6.733+11.09
½
σ max =17.823 N/mm 2 (C)
σ min =σ 0 -σ b =6.733-11.09
σ min =4.357 N/mm 2 (T) ½ 4
(e) A 26 mm diameter rod is bentup to form as offset link as shown in

Figure No. 2. If permissible tensile stress is 90 N / mm2, calculate
maximum value of ‘P’.
Ans.
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Q. 5 Ans. Given : d = 26 mm, σmax = 90 N/mm2
To find : Pmax
Solution :
π π
C/S area of section (A) = ×d 2 = ×26 2 =530.929 mm 2 ½
4 4
π π ½
M.I.of section (I)= ×d 4 = ×26 4 =22431.756 mm 4
64 64
d 26 ½
Eccentricity (e) =42+ =42+ =55 mm
2 2
d 26
Maximum distance from neutral axis (y) = = =13mm
2 2
I 22431.756 ½
Section Modulus (Z) = = =1725.52 mm3
y 13
P P
Direct stress (σ 0 )= = = 1.8835×10-3  P ½
A 530.929
M P×e P×55 ½
Bending stress (σ b ) = ± =± =± =  (0.03187)P
Z Z 1725.52
σ max =σ 0 +σ b ½
90 = 1.8835×10 -3
 P+(0.03187)P
90 =(0.03375)P
P =2666.39 N
½ 4
Pmax =2.66 kN
(f) Calculate maximum eccentricity for a hollow circular section

having external diameter and internal diameter equal to 250 mm
and 120 mm respectively, so that stress distribution is of same
nature.
Ans. Given : D = 250 mm, d = 120 mm
To find : emax
Solution :
π 2 2 π
A=
4
 D -d  = 4  2502 -1202  =37777.65 mm 2 ½
π π
I=  D 4 -d 4  =  2504 -1204  =181568838.3mm 4 ½
64 64
D 250
y= = =125 mm
2 2 ½
I 181568838.3
Z= = = 1452550.706 mm3 ½
y 125
For stress distribution of same nature
i.e.for no tension condition
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Q. 5 Direct stress = Bending stress ½
σ0 = σb
Z ½
i.e. e
A
1452550.706 ½
e=
37777.65
e = 38.45 mm
½ 4
e max = 38.45 mm
State torsional equation with meaning of each term.

(a)
Torsion Equation: -
Ans. T C θ fs
= =
IP L R 2
Where,
T = Torque Or Turning moment (N.mm)
I P = Polar momet of inertia of the shaft section = I xx + I yy
C= Modulus of rigidity of the shaft material (N/mm 2 )
θ = Angle through which the shaft is twisted due to torque
i.e. angle of twist (radians)
L= Lenght of the shaft (mm) 2 4
f s = Maximum shear stress induced at the outermost layer
of the shaft (N/mm 2 )
R= Radius of the shaft (mm)
(b) A shaft required to transmit 25 kW power at 180 r.p.m. The

maximum torque may exceed the mean torque by 30%. If shear
stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm2, determine the minimum
diameter of the shaft.
Given : P = 25 kW = 25 x 103 Watt, N = 180 rpm, Tmax = 1.3 Tmean,
Ans.
qmax = 60 N/mm2
To find : Diameter of shaft
Solution :
2×π×N×Tmean ½
P=
60
2×π×180×Tmean
25×103 =
60
Tmean =1326.29Nm ½
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Q. 6 Tmax =1.3×Tmean ½
=1.3×1326.29
=1724.178Nm
=1724178.55Nmm ½
π
Tmax = ×q max ×d 3 1
16
π
1724178.55= ×60×d 3
16 1 4
d =52.7mm
A solid circular shaft of 30 mm diameter is subjected to torque of

(c)
0.28 kNm, causing angle of twist of 3.50° in a length of 2 m.
Calculate modulus of rigidity for the material of shaft.
Ans. Given : d = 30 mm, T = 0.28 kNm= 0.28 x 106 Nmm,
L = 2 m = 2000 mm,
 π 
θ=3.50°=  3.5×  rad = 0.06108
 180 
To find : G
Solution :

IP  d4 ½
32

  304
32
 79521.564 mm 4 ½
Using torsional formula,
T G 

IP L 1
T L
G
I P 
0.28 106  2 103

 1
79521.564  3.5 
180
 115281 N / mm 2
1 4
G  1.15281105 N / mm 2
(d) Compare the torsional strengths of two shafts A and B, made up

of same material having equal weight and length. Shaft A is solid
and B is hollow circular with D = 1.6 d.
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Q. 6 Ans. Given: D = 1.6 d
To compare the torsional strength of two shafts A and B
Solution :
As the material of shaft A and B is same their shear strengths are
same. As their lengths and weights are same their cross sectional areas
will be same.
Let d’ be the diameter of solid shaft. D and d be the external and
internal diameters of hollow such that D=1.6d.
Area of (solid) shaft A = Area of (hollow) shaft B
 
d '2   D 2  d 2 
4 4
d '2  1.6d   d 2 
2
 
d '2   2.56  1 d 2
d '2  1.56d 2
d '  1.56d 2
1
d '  1.25d
Torsional strength for solid shaft A,

π 3
TA = ×q×d '
16
π
×q× 1.25d 
3
=
16
π
TA = 1.953125  ×q×d 3          (1) 1
16
Torsional strength for hollow shaft B,
π  D4 - d 4 
TB = ×q×  
16  D 
π  (1.6×d) 4 - d 4 
= ×q×  
16  (1.6×d) 
π  (1.6) 4 - (1) 4  d 4
= ×q×  ×
16  (1.6)  d
π
= ×q×3.471×d 3
16
 π 
= 3.471×  ×q×d 3           (2)
 16  1
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Q.6 (d)
From equation 1 and 2
 3.471 ×  
π
×q×d 3 
TB  16 

1.953125   ×q×d3 
TA π
 16 
TB

 3.471 = 1.78
TA 1.953125
The torsional strength of shaft B (hollow shaft) is 78% greater than 1 4
that of shaft B (solid shaft) of same material and same cross sectional
area.
(e) A hollow shaft, having external diameter 1.5 times the internal
diameter, is to transmit 150 kW at 200 r.p.m. If allowable angle of
twist is 2° in a length of 3 m. Calculate diameters of the shaft.
Take Tmax = 1.2 Tmean. G = 80 GPa.
Given : D = 1.5 d, P = 150 kW = 150 x 103 Watt, N = 200 rpm,
L = 3 m = 3000 mm, Tmax = 1.2 x Tmean,
G = 80 GPa = 80 x 103 N/mm2,
 π 
θ =2°=  2×  =0.0349rad
 180 
To find : d and D
Solution :
2×π×N×Tmean
P = ½
60
2×π×200×Tmean
150×103 =
60
Tmean =7161.972439 Nm ½
Tmax =1.2×Tmean
=1.2×7161.972439
=8594.366 Nm
=8594366.927 Nmm ½
Using relation based on angle of twist

T G×θ
=
Ip L ½
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Q. 6
π
IP = ×(D 4 -d 4 )
32
π
= × (1.5d) 4 -d 4 ) 
32
π
= × (1.5) 4 -(14 )  d 4
32
I P =(0.398835)d 4 ½
T G×θ
=
Ip L
8594366.927 80×103 ×0.0349
= ½
(0.398835)d 4 3000
8594366.927×3000
d4 =
(0.398835)×80×103 ×0.0349
d = 69.367 mm ½
D =1.5×d
=1.5×69.367
=104.05 mm ½ 4
(i) Draw bending stress distribution for rectangular beam section
(f)
which is used for cantilever beam, subjected to downward load.
(ii) Define torque and state its S.I. unit.

Torque: When a tangential force is applied to a shaft at the
circumference, in the plane of its transverse cross-section, the shaft is 1
said to be subjected to a twisting moment called torque.
Torque = Force x Radius
S. I. Unit - Nm
1 4
Page | 29
17304
11718

(2) Answer each next main Question on a new page.
(3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever
necessary.
Examination Hall.
Marks

(i) Define ductility and malleability.
(ii) Define Principal plane and Principal stress.
(iii) Write the equation for M.I. of Hollow shaft section.
(iv) Define direct load and eccentric load.
(v) Write torsion equation along with meaning of each term
used in it.
(vi) Draw a stress - strain diagram for ductile material in
tension.
(vii) State relation between Hoop stress and Longitudinal stress,
for thin cylinder.
(viii) Define core of section. Write its value for a circular
section.
P.T.O.
17304 [2]
Marks
(i) For a round bar of 50 mm diameter and 2.5 m long of
certain material has Young’s modulus of 1.1 × 105 N/mm2
and Modulus of Rigidity of 0.45 × 105 N/mm2. Find the
Bulk Modulus and the lateral contraction of the bar when
stretched by 3 mm.
(ii) A simply supported beam 6 m long is carrying a udl of 20
kN/m over a length of 3 m from the right end. Draw the
SFD and BMD for the beam and also calculate the
maximum bending moment in the section.
(iii) A cantilever beam of span 6.5 m is having cross section
of 400 mm wide and 700 mm deep. If the bending stress
is not allowed to exceed 280 N/mm2, calculate the
magnitude of point load which can be applied at the free
end of the cantilever beam.

a) A metal rod, 500 mm long and 20 mm in diameter, is subjected
to an axial pull of 40 kN. Under this load, elongation of rod is
0.5 mm and decrease in diameter of rod is 0.006 mm. Calculate
modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio.
b) A hollow steel tube of 200 mm external diameter and 25 mm
thick is 4 m long used as a column. If its one end is fixed
and the other end is hinged, find the load the column can carry.
Use Euler’s formula and FOS = 2, Take E = 2 × 105 N/mm2.
c) A steel tube 40 mm external diameter and 4 mm thick encloses
centrally a solid copper bar of 30 mm diameter. The bar and
the tube are rigidly connected together at the ends at a
temperature of 40°C. Find the stress and its nature in each
metal when heated to 180°C. Take as = 1.08 × 10-5/°C,
ac = 1.7 × 10-5/°C, Es = 2.1 × 105 N/mm2 and
Ec = 1.1 × 105 N/mm2.
17304 [3]
Marks
d) A steel tube of 40 mm inside diameter and 4 mm metal thickness
is filled with concrete. Determine the stress in each material
due to an axial thrust of 60 kN. Take E steel = 2.1 × 105 N/mm2
and E con = 0.14 × 105 N/mm2.
e) A bar is subjected to a tensile stress of 100 N/mm2. Determine
the normal and tangential stresses on a plane making an angle
of 60° with the axis of tensile stress.
f) A cylindrical compressed air drum is 2 m in diameter with
plate thickness of 12 mm. If the tensile stress is not to exceed
100 N/mm2. Find the maximum safe air pressure.

a) Define shear force and bending moment.
b) Draw shear force and bending moment diagram for a simply
supported beam of span ‘L’ carrying a central point load ‘W’.
State the maximum SF and BM values.
c) A cantilever beam of span 4 m carrying two point loads of
10 kN and 30 kN at 1 m and 2.5 m from free end respectively.
Draw SFD and BMD.
d) A simply supported beam of 8 m span carries three point loads
of 100 N, 200 N and 400 N at 2 m, 4 m and 6 m from left hand
support. Draw SF and BM diagrams.
e) A simply supported beam having equal overhangs on both sides
and carrying point loads is shown in Fig. No. 1. Draw SF and
BM diagrams.

Fig. No. 1
P.T.O.
17304 [4]
Marks
f) Calculate M.I. for a triangle of height 100 mm about axis
passing through vertex and parallel to base If M.I. about the
base of same triangle is 107 mm4.

a) A rectangular beam section has width 200 mm and depth
of 300 mm. Using parallel axis theorem. Calculate M.I. about
its base.
b) State parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem of
moment of inertia with neat sketches.
c) A hollow C.I. pipe, with external diameter 100 mm and thickness
of metal 10 mm is used as a strut. Calculate the moment of
inertia and radius of gyration about its diameter.
d) Find the M.I. of an I-section having equal flanges
120 mm × 40 mm and web 120 mm × 40 mm about
XX-axis overall depth 200 mm.
e) Explain the meaning of moment of resistance and neutral axis
in the theory of simple bending.
f) The cross section of beam is symmetrical I-section having flange
width 100 mm, overall depth 180 mm and thickness 10 mm. If
the permissible bending stress is 120 N/mm2, find the moment
of resistance of the beam section.

a) A rectangular strut is 120 mm × 80 mm thick. It carries a
load of 100 kN at an eccentricity of 10 mm in a plane bisecting
the thickness. Find the maximum and minimum intensities of
stress in the strut section.
b) Sketch the shear stress distribution diagram for a rectangular
beam of 600 mm × 200 mm deep subjected to shear force
of 20 kN.
17304 [5]
Marks
c) Fig. No. 2 shows the frame of a screw damp carrying a
load of 4 kN. The cross section of frame is rectangular having
width 60 mm and thickness 20 mm. Determine to resultant
stresses for the frame material.
Fig. No. 2
d) A M.S. link as shown in Fig. No. 3, transmits a pull of

80 kN. Find the cross sectional dimensions (band f) if b = 3t.
Assume the permissible tensile stress as 70 MPa.
Fig. No. 3
e) A circular section of diameter ‘d’ is subjected to load ‘P’
eccentric to the axis-YY. The eccentricity of load is ‘e’. Obtain
the limit of eccentricity such that no tension is induced at
the section.
P.T.O.
17304 [6]
Marks
f) A short MS column of external diameter 200 mm and internal
diameter 150 mm carries an eccentric load. Find to greatest
eccentricity which the load can have without producing tension
in the section of a column.

a) State assumptions in theory of pure torsion.
b) Find the torque that can be applied to a shaft of 100 mm in
diameter, if the permissible angle of twist is 2.75° in a length
of 6 m. Take C = 80 kN/mm2.
c) Find the power transmitted by a solid shaft of diameter 60 mm
running at 220 rpm; if the permissible shear stress is 68 MPa.
The maximum torque is likely to exceed the mean torque
by 25%.
d) Calculate the suitable diameter of the solid shaft to transmit
220 KW power at 150 rpm; if the permissible shear stress is
68 MPa.
e) Find the torsional moment of resistance for a hollow circular
shaft of 225 mm external diameter and 220 mm internal diameter,
if the permissible shear stress is 60 MPa.
f) (i) Define - Section modulus.
(ii) Define - Torsional stiffness.
(Autonomous)
Model Answer: Winter-2017
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scheme.
equivalent concept.
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.1 a) Attempt any SIX of the following: (12)
i) Define ductility and malleability.

Ductility: It is the property of material due to which it can be drawn
Ans. 01
into thin wires on application of tensile force. 02
Malleability: It is the property of a material by virtue of which it can
01
be beaten up into thin sheets without cracking when hammered.
ii) Define Principal plane and Principal stress.

Principal plane: A plane which carries only normal stress and no
Ans. 01
shear stress is called Principal plane.
02
Principal stress: The magnitude of normal stress acting on the
principal plane is called Principal stress. 01
Write the equation for M.I. of Hollow shaft section.

iii)
Hollow Shaft:
Ans. π
M.I.=
64
 D4 - d 4 
02 02
Where,
D = External Daimeter
d = Internal Daimeter
Page No. 1 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.1 iv) Define direct load and eccentric load.
Ans. Direct load: When a load whose line of action coincides with the axis 01
of a member or whose line of action acts at a centroid of a section of
member then it is called as a direct load.
02
Eccentric load: A load acts away from the centroid of the section or a
load whose line of action does not coincide with the axis of member is 01
called as eccentric load.
v) Write torsion equation along with meaning of each term used in it.
Ans. T C.θ σs T G.θ q max

= = Or = =
IP L R J L R 01
Where,
02
T = Twisting moment Or Torque Or Torsion (N-mm)
I P = J = Polar Moment of Inertia (mm 4 )
C = G= Modulus of Rigidity for shaft material (N/mm 2 ) 01
θ = Angle of twist (radians)
L= Length of the shaft (mm)
σs = q max = Maximum shear stress (N/mm 2 )
R= Radius of the shaft (mm)
vi)
Draw a stress- strain diagram for ductile material in tension.
Ans.
01
02
01
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.1 vii) State relation between Hoop stress and Longitudinal stress, for
thin cylinder.
Ans.
σ C = 2σ L
Where,
02
Pd 02
Hoop Stress (σ C ) =
2t
Pd
Longitudinal stress (σ L ) =
4t
viii) Define core of section. Write its value for a circular section.
Core of section:
Ans. For no tension condition the load must lie within the middle third
shaded area of eccentricity 2e is called core of section. The stress 01
produced is only compressive stress.
02
For circular section the core of section is
D
2e= 01
4
Where,
e = Eccentricity of circular section
D = Diameter of circular section
Attempt any TWO of the following: (08)

b)
For a round bar of 50 mm diameter and 2.5 m long of certain
(i) material has Young’s modulus of 1.1 x 105 N/mm2 and Modulus of
rigidity of 0.45 x 105 N/mm2. Find the Bulk modulus and the
lateral contraction of the bar when stretched by 3 mm.
Given:
Ans. d = 50mm, L = 2.5m
E = 1.110 N / mm , G  0.45 105 N / mm 2 ,
5 2
 L  3 mm
Find : K ,  d
E = 2G 1+ μ 
1.1105 = 2  0.45 105 1+ μ 
μ = 0.22 01
E = 3K 1 - 2μ 
1.1 105 = 3  K 1- 2  0.22 
K  65476.190 N / mm 2
01
K= 0.65  105 N / mm 2
Page No. 3 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.1 b) Lateral Strain 01 04
μ=
linear Strain
Lateral Strain = μ  linear Strain
d  L
  = μ 
 d   L 
d   3 
  = 0.22    01
 50   2500 
 d  0.0132mm
ii) A simply supported beam 6 m long is carrying a udl of 20 kN/m

over a length of 3 m from the right end. Draw the SFD and BMD
for the beam and also calculated the maximum bending moment
in the section.
Ans.
Step I
Calculation of reactions
M A =0
R B × 6 = 20×3×  3+1.5 
R B = 45 kN ½
 F =0
y
R A + R B = 20×3
R A + 45 = 60
R A =15kN
Step II
SF Calculations
SF at A = +15 kN
CL = +15 kN ½
BL = +15 - 60 = - 45 kN
BR = - 45 + 45 = 0 (  ok)
Page No. 4 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.1 b) Step III
BM Calculations 04
BM at A and B = 0  Supports are simple 
BM at C = + 15×3 = + 45 kN-m
To calculate Bmax
SF is Zero at Bmax  20x + 45 = 0
 x = 2.25m from support B
 2.25
2
Bmax = + 45 × 2.25 - 20 ×  50.625kN-m

2
Bmax = 50.625 kN-m
01
01
01
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.1 iii) A cantilever beam of span 6.5 m is having cross section of 400 mm
wide and 700 mm deep. If the bending stress is not allowed to
exceed 280 N/mm2, calculate the magnitude of point load which
can be applied at the free end of the cantilever beam.
Ans.
Given:
L = 6.5m, b = 400mm,
d = 700mm, σ b = 280N/mm 2
Find: 'W' at free end
M =  W×L  N-m ½
M =  6.5×103  W N-mm
bd 3 400×7003
I= =
12 12 01
10 4
I = 1.143×10 mm
d 700
y= = = 350mm ½
2 2
04
M
σ b =   ×y
 I  01
  6.5×103  W 
280 =   ×350
 1.143×1010 
 
01
W = 1407179.487 N
W = 1407.179 kN
Q.2 (16)
Attempt any FOUR of the following:
a)
A metal rod, 500 mm long and 20 mm in diameter is subjected to
an axial pull of 40 kN. Under this load, elongation of rod is 0.5
mm and decrease in diameter of rod is 0.006 mm. Calculate
Ans. modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio.
Given:
P = 40kN, L = 500mm,
d = 20mm,  L = 0.5mm,
 d = 0.006 mm
Find: E, 
 
A d2   20   314.16mm 2
2
4 4
PL 01
E=
AδL
Page No. 6 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.2
40×103 ×500
E=  127323.9545 N / mm 2
314.16  0.5
E = 1.2732×105 N/mm 2 01
Lateral Strain 01
μ=
linear Strain 04
 δd   0.006 
   
μ=  = 
d 20 
 δL   0.5 
   
 L   500 
μ = 0.3 01
b) A hollow steel tube 200 mm external diameter and 25 mm thick is

4 m long used as a column. If it’s one end is fixed and other end is
hinged, find the load the column can carry. Use Euler’s formula
and FOS = 2, Take E = 2x105 N/mm².
Ans. Given:
D = 200mm, t = 25mm,
L=4m, E = 2×105 N/mm 2 ,
FOS = 2
Find: Psafe
½
d =  D - 2t  =  200 - 2×25  =150mm ½
L 4000
Le = = = 2828.427mm
2 2
π π
I min = (D 4 - d 4 ) = (2004 - 1504 ) 01
64 64
I min = 53689327.58 mm 4
01 04
π 2 EI min
P=
(Le) 2
π 2 ×2×105 ×53689327.58
P=
(2828.427) 2
P =13247310.59 N
P 13247310.59
PSafe = =
FOS 2
PSafe  6623655.3 N
01
3
PSafe = 6.624×10 kN
Page No. 7 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.2 c) A steel tube 40 mm external diameter and 4 mm thick encloses
centrally a solid copper bar of 30 mm diameter. The bar and the
tube are rigidly connected together at the ends at a temperature of
40ºC. Find the stress and its nature in each metal when heated to
180 ºC. Take  S = 1.08 x 10-5/ºC,  C = 1.7 x 10-5 /ºC,
Es = 2.1 x 105 N/mm² and Ec = 1.1 x 105 N/mm².
Ans.
Given :
T1  400 C , T2  1800 C ,
 S  1.08 105 / 0 C ,  C  1.7 10 5 / 0 C ,
ES  2.1105 N / mm 2 , EC  1.1105 N / mm 2
Find : σS , σ C
t = T2  T1
t = 180  40
t =140oC ½
π
AS =  D 2 - d 2 
4
π
AS =  402 - 322 
4
½
AS = 452.39mm 2
π
d
2
AC =
4
π
A C =  30 
2
4
A C = 706.86 mm 2 ½
Page No. 8 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.2 PS = PC ½
σS AS = σ C A C
A  04
σS   C  σ C
 AS 
 706.86 
σS    σC
 452.39  ½
σS  1.5625σ C
σS σ C
   C   S  t ½
ES EC
1.5625 σ C σC
  1.7  105  1.08  105   140
2.1  10 5
1.1  105
σ C  52.51N/mm 2 (C) ½
σS  1.5625  σ C
σS  1.5625  52.51
½
σS  82.046N/mm 2 (T)
d) A steel tube of 40 mm inside diameter and 4 mm metal thickness

is filled with concrete. Determine the stress in each material due to
an axial thrust of 60 kN. Take Esteel = 2.1 x 105 N/mm² and
Econ = 0.14 x 105 N/mm2
Given:
Ans.
P = 60kN, d = 40mm
t = 4 mm, E S = 2.1×105 N/mm 2
E C = 0.14×105 N/mm 2
Find: σ C , σS
External diameter,
D=d+2t
D = 40 +  2 ×4 
½
D=48mm
π
AS =  D 2 - d 2 
4
π
AS =  482 - 402 
4
AS = 552.92mm 2 ½
Page No. 9 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.2 π
AC = d 2
4
π
A C =  40 
2
4 ½
2
A C = 1256.637mm
04
σS σ ½
= C
ES EC
E 
σS =  S  ×σ C
 EC 
 2.1×105 
σS =  5 
×σ C
 0.14×10  ½
σS =15σ C
P = PS +PC
P = σS AS + σ C A C ½
60×103 = 15σ C  ×552.92 + σ C ×1256.637
σ C = 6.28N/mm 2 ½
σS =15σ C
σS =15×6.28
½
σS = 94.236N/mm 2
e) A bar is subjected to a tensile stress of 100 N/mm². Determine the

normal and tangential stresses on a plane making an angle of 60º
with the axis of tensile stress.
Ans. Given:
σ x =100N/mm 2  = 900 - 600  300
Find: σ n , σ t
σ n  σ x cos 2  01
σ n  100  cos 30 2
σ n  75N/mm 2 (T ) 01
σx
σt  sin 2 04
2 01
100
σt   sin  2  30 
2
σ t  43.30N/mm 2 01
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.2 f) A cylindrical compressed air drum is 2 m in diameter with plate
thickness of 12 mm. If the tensile stress is not to exceed 100
N/mm². Find the maximum safe air pressure.
Ans. Given:
d =2m, t = 12 mm,
Tensile stress = 100N/mm 2
Find: Psafe
Pd 1½
σC 
2t
P  2000
100 
2 12
P  1.2 N / mm 2
Pd 04
σL  1½
4t
P  2000
100 
4 12
P  2.4 N / mm 2
 Maximum safe air pressure is 1.2 N / mm 2
01
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.3 Attempt any FOUR of the following: (16)
a) Define shear force and bending moment.

Shear force:
Ans.
Shear force at any cross section of the beam is the algebraic sum of
vertical forces on the beam acting on right side or left side of the
section is called as shear force.
02
OR
A shear force is the resultant vertical force acting on the either side
of a section of a beam.
04
Bending Moment:
Bending moment at any section of a beam is the algebraic sum of 02
the moment of all forces acting on the right or left side of section is
called as bending moment.
Draw shear force and bending moment diagram for a simply
b)
supported beam of span ‘L’ carrying a central point load ‘W’.
State the maximum SF and BM values.
Ans.
01
01
04
W 01
Maximum SF =
2
WL
Maximum BM = + 01
4
c) A cantilever beam of span 4 m carrying two point loads of 10 kN
and 30 kN at 1 m and 2.5 m from free end respectively. Draw
SFD and BMD.
Page No. 12 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.3 Ans. Step I
Calculate Support reaction
R A = 30 + 10 = 40 kN
Step II
SF Calculations:
SF at A = + 40kN
CL = + 40kN 01
CR = + 40 - 30 =10 kN
DL = +10 kN
DR = +10 - 10 = 0 kN
B = 0 kN
Step III
BM Calculations
BM at B = 0 (Free end) 01
D = 0 kN-m
C = - 10  1.5 = - 15 kN-m
A = - 10  3 - 30  1.5 = - 75 kN-m 04
01
01
d) A simply supported beam of 8 m span carries three point loads of

100 N, 200 N and 400 N at 2 m, 4m and 6 m from left hand
support. Draw SF and BM diagrams.
Ans. Step I Calculate support reactions

ΣM A = 0
 R B ×8 - 100×2  -  200×4  -  400×6  = 0
R B = 425 N 
Page No. 13 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.3 ΣFY = 0
R A + R B -100 - 200 - 400 = 0
R A + 425 - 100 - 200 - 400 = 0
R A = 275 N 
Step II
S. F. Calculations
SF at A = + 275 N
01
E L = + 275 N
E R = + 275 - 100 = + 175 N
D L = + 175 N
D R = + 175 - 200 = - 25N
C L = - 25 N
C R = - 25 - 400= - 425 N
BL = - 425 N
B= - 425 + 425 = 0 (  ok)
Step III
B. M. Calculations
BM at A and B = 0 ( Supports are simple ) 01
BM at E = 275×2 = + 550 kN-m
BM at D = + 275  4 -100  2 = + 900 kN-m
BM at C = + 425  2 = + 850 kN-m
04
01
01
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.3 e) A simply supported beam having equal overhangs on both sides
and carrying point loads is shown in Fig. No. 1. Draw SF and BM
diagrams.
Fig. No. 1
Ans. Step I
Calculate support reactions,
Due to symmetrical loading, R A = R B
 10 + 20 +10 
RA = RB     20 kN
 2 
Or
ΣM A = 0
 R B ×4  + 10×1   20×2   10×5 
R B = 20 kN
ΣFY = 0
R A + R B = 40
R A + 20 = 40
R A = 20 kN
Step II
S. F. Calculations
SF at CR = - 10 kN
A L = - 10 kN
A R = + 10 + 20 = +10 kN
E L = +10 kN 01
E R = +10 - 20= -10 kN
BL = - 10 kN
BR = - 10+ 20 = +10 kN
DL = +10 kN
D R = - 10 - 10 = 0 (  ok)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.3 Step III
B. M. Calculations 04
BM at C and D = 0 ( free end ) 01
BM at A = -10×1 = - 10 kN-m
BM at E = -10  3+20  2 = +10 kN-m
BM at B = -10 1 = -10 kN-m
01
01
f) Calculate M.I. for a triangle of height 100 mm about axis passing

through vertex and parallel to base. If M.I. about the base of same
triangle is 107 mm4.
Given:
Ans.
I base = 107 mm 4 ,
Height of Triangle (h) = 100 mm
Find: I vertex
Step I
Calculate base width (b) of Triangle
bh 3 01
I base =
12
b 1003
107 =
12
107 12
b=  120mm 04
1003
b =120mm 01
Step II : Calculate I vertex
bh 3 120×1003 01
I vertex = = =3 107 mm 4
4 4
01
I vertex =3 107 mm 4
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
a) A rectangular beam section has width 200 mm depth of 300 mm.

Using parallel axis theorem. Calculate M.I. about its base.
Ans.
M.I. of rectangle about its base (I AB )
Using parallel axis theorem,
I AB =IG +Ah 2
02
= I XX + Ah 2
2
bd 3 d 
=  bd   
12 2 04
=
200  3003
12

 200  300  150 
2

02
I AB =1.8 109 mm 4
b) State parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem of

moment of inertia with neat sketches.
Ans. a) Parallel axis theorem:
It states that the M. I. of a plane section about any axis parallel
to the centroidal axis is equal to the M. I. of the section about
the centroidal axis plus the product of the area of the section 01
and square of the distance between the two axes.
01
04
I PQ = IG +Ah 2
b) Perpendicular axis theorem:

It state, if IXX and IYY are the moments inertia of a plane 01
section about the two mutually perpendicular axes meeting at
O, then the moment of inertia about the third axis Z-Z i.e. IZZ
is equal to addition of moment of inertia about X-X and Y-Y
axes.
Page No. 17 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.4
01
I P = I ZZ = I XX + I YY
c) A hollow C.I. pipe, with external diameter 100 mm and thickness

of metal 10 mm is used as a strut. Calculate the moment of inertia
and radius of gyration about its diameter.
Ans. Given:
D = 100 mm, t = 10mm ,
1) D = 100 mm,
d = D-2t = 100-  2×10  =80mm ½
π 2 2
2) Area of strut A=
4
 D -d 
π
= 100 2 -80 2 
4
A =2827.43mm 2 ½
3) M.I. about diameter  I XX orI YY 
π
I XX orI YY =
64
 D4 - d 4 
½
π
=
64
1004 - 804 
01
I XX or I YY =2898119.223mm 4
4)Radious of gyration,
½
I 2898119.223
K XX or K YY = XX =
A 2827.43
K XX or K YY  32.015mm 01
K XX or K YY = 32.015mm
Page No. 18 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.4 d) Find the M.I. of an I-section having equal flanges 120 mm x 40
mm and web 120 mm x 40 mm about XX- axis overall depth 200
mm.
Ans.
02
M.I. at x-x axis, 04

BD3 bd 3
I XX   02
12 12
120  2003 80 1203
 
12 12
I XX  68.48 106 mm 4
01
OR
Due to symmetry of section ,
_
120 OR
x  60mm,
2 01
_
200
y  100mm,
2
M .I . at x-x axis
I xx  I XX1  I XX2  I XX3
    
I xx = IG1 + A1h1  I G 2 + A 2 h 2  I G3 + A 3h 3
2 2 2

b1d1 120  403
3
IG1    640000mm 4 04
12 12
40 1203
3
bd
IG2  2 2   5760000mm 4
12 12
120  403
3
bd
IG3  3 3   640000mm 4
12 12
A1 =120  40  4800mm 2
A 2 =40 120  4800mm 2 01
A 3 =120  40  4800mm 2

h1  y y1  100  20  80mm

h 2  y y2  100  100  0 01

h 3  y3  y  180  100  80mm
    
I xx = IG1 + A1h1  I G 2 + A 2 h 2  I G3 + A 3h 3
2 2 2

I xx =  640000+ 4800  80    5760000+ 4800  02    640000+ 4800  802 
2
I xx =68.48 106 mm 4
Page No. 19 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.4 e) Explain the meaning of moment of resistance and neutral axis in
the theory of simple bending.
Ans.
Moment of resistance: Moment of resistance of the beam is the
moment of couple formed by the total compressive force acting at the
Centre of gravity of the compressive stress diagram and the total 01
tensile force acting at the Centre of gravity of the tensile stress
diagram. Moment of couple = C x Z or T x Z. This moment is called
the moment of resistance of the beam and is denoted by Mr.
01
04
Neutral Axis: The fibers in the lower part of the beam undergo
elongation while those in the upper part are shortened. These changes
in the lengths of the fibers set up tensile and compressive stresses in
the fibers. The fibers in the centroidal layer are neither shortened nor 01
elongated. These centroidal layers which do not undergo any
extension or compression is called neutral layer or neutral surface.
When the beam is subjected to pure bending there will always be one
layer which will not be subjected to either compression or tension.
This layer is called as neutral layer and axis of this layer is called
Neutral Axis.
01
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.4 f) The cross section of beam is symmetrical I- section having flange
width 100 mm, overall depth 180 mm and thickness 10 mm. If the
permissible bending stress is 120 N/mm², find the moment of
resistance of the beam section.
Ans.
Given:
σ b =120N/mm 2
Find : M r
½
 BD 3 bd 3 
I  
 12 12 
100  1803 90 1603 
I   
 12 12 
I  17.88  106 mm 4
01
180
y  90mm
2 ½
Using flexural formula,
M σb

I y 01 04
Momoent of resistance,
 
Mr   b   I
 y 
 120 
   17.88  10
6
 90  01
M r  23.84 10 N  mm
6
a) A rectangular strut is 120 mm x 80 mm thick. It carries a load of

100 kN at an eccentricity of 10 mm in a plane bisecting the
thickness. Find the maximum and minimum intensities of stress in
the strut section.
Ans. Given:
b = 120mm, d = 80mm, e = 10mm
P = 100kN = 100× 103 N
Find: σ max , σ min
Direct Stress,
P
σo =
A
100× 103
σo =
120×80
σ o =10.417 N/mm 2 01
Page No. 21 / 29
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.5 a) Bending Stress,
P.e
σb = ×Y
I
01
P.e b
σb = ×
 db3  2
 
 12 
100×103 ×10 120
σb = × 04
 80×1203  2
 
 12 
01
σ b = 5.208 N/mm 2
Maximum stress,
σ max = σ o + σ b
σ max = 10.417 + 5.208 ½
σ max = 15.625 N/mm (C) 2
Minimum stress,
σ min = σ o - σ b
σ max = 10.417 - 5.208 ½
σ min = 5.209 N/mm (C)
2
Sketch the shear stress distribution diagram for a rectangular

b)
beam of 600 mm x 200 mm deep subjected to shear force of 20 kN.
Given:
Ans.
b = 600mm, d = 200mm,
S.F.= S = 20kN = 20 103 N
Find: q max 01
bd 3 600×2003
I xx = = = 4×108mm 4
12 12 ½
- d 200
y = = = 50mm
4 4 04
Area under consideration ½
d 200
A = b  = 600  = 6×10 4 mm 2
2 2
-
SA Y 20 103  6×104  50 01
q max = =
bI 600  4×108
q max  0.25 N / mm 2
Page No. 22 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.5 b) OR
For rectangular cross section ,
3
q max =  qavg 1½
2
3 s 04
q max = 
2 b.d
3 20 103
q max = 
2 600  200 1½
q max = 0.25N/mm 2
01
c) Fig. No. 2 shows the frame of a screw clamp carrying a load of 4

kN. The cross section of frame is rectangular having width 60 mm
Ans. and thickness 20 mm. Determine to resultant stresses for the
frame material.
Given:
P = 4 kN = 4×103 N
b = 60 mm,
d = t = 20 mm
e = 200 mm
Page No. 23 / 29
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.5 c) P
o 
A
4×103
o 
60  20
 o  3.334 N / mm 2 01
Bending stress,
M 01
σb = ×Y
I
P.e b
σb = ×
db3 2
12
4×103 ×200 60
σb = ×
20×603 2
12 04
01
σ b = 66.667 N/mm 2
Maximum stress,
σ max = σ o + σ b
σ max = 3.334 + 66.667
½
σ max = 70.001 N/mm 2 (T)
Minimum stress,
σ min = σ o - σ b
σ min = 3.334 - 66.667
σ min = - 63.333 N/mm 2
½
σ min = 63.333 N/mm 2 (C)
d) A M.S. link as shown in Fig. No. 3 transmits a pull of 80 kN. Find

the cross sectional dimensions (band t) if b = 3t. Assume the
permissible tensile stress as 70 MPa.
Ans. Given:
P = 80kN = 80×103 N
σ = 70MPa = 70N/mm 2
b
e= , b = 3t
2
Find: b, t
σ = σ o +σ b
P P.e
σ= + ×Y
A I
Page No. 24 / 29
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.5 P P.e b 01
σ= + ×
A  t×b  2
3
 
 12 
b
80×103 × ×b×6
80×103 2
70 = +
b×t t×b3
Put b = 3t
3t
80×103 × ×3t×6 04
80×103 2
70 = + 01
3t×t t×3t
320×103
t2 =
70×3
01
t = 39.036 mm
b = 3×39.036
b=117.108 mm 01
A circular section of diameter ‘d’ is subjected to load ‘P’ eccentric

e) to the axis-YY. The eccentricity of loads is ‘e’. Obtain the limit of
eccentricity such that no tension is induced at the section.
Ans. π π d
A= d 2 , I= d 4 , Y=
4 64 2 01
For no tension condition,
σ0 = σb
P M 01
=
A Z
P P×e
=
A  I
 
Y
   π 4 
d
 1   I   1   64  01 04
e =  ×  =   
× 
 A   Y   π d2   d 
  
4   2 
d
e=
8
d
2e =
4
d 01
Limit of eccentricity 2e =
4
Page No. 25 / 29
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.5 f) A short MS column of external diameter 200 mm and internal
diameter 150 mm carries an eccentric load. Find the greatest
eccentricity which the load can have without producing tension in the
section of a column.
Ans. Given:
External Diameter, D = 200 mm
Internal Diameter, d = 150 mm
Find: P, e
σ0 = σb 01
P M
=
A Z
01
P P.e.Y
=
A I
I 04
e=
A.Y
 π 4   π 4 
 × D - d    ×  200 - 150  
4 4
e=     64 
64
01
 π D   π 
 ×  D - d ×   ×  200 - 150  ×
2 2 2 2 200

4 2 4 2 
e = 39.0625 mm
01
Greatest eccentricity e = 39.0625 mm
(16)
Q.6 Attempt any FOUR of the following:
a) State assumptions in theory of pure torsion.

Assumptions:
Ans. 1. The shaft is straight having uniform circular cross section.
2. The shaft is homogeneous and isotropic.
3. Circular section remains circular even after twisting.
4. Plain section before twisting remains plain after twisting and do not
twist or wrap.
½
5. A diameter in the section before deformation remains a diameter or mark 04
straight line after deformation. each
6. Stresses do not exceed the proportional limit.
7. Shaft is loaded by twisting couples in the planes that are
perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
8. Twist along the shaft is uniform.
Page No. 26 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.6 b) Find the torque that can be applied to a shaft of 100 mm in
diameter, if the permissible angle of twist is 2.75º in a length of a
6 m. Take C = 80 kN/mm².
Ans.
Given data:
π ½
θ =2.750 =2.75× =0.048 rad.
180
d =100 mm
L = 6 m = 6000 mm
C = G = 80 kN/mm 2 =80×103 N/mm 2
Find: T
From rigidity eqution,
T G.θ ½
=
J L
T G.θ

 L
d4 01
32
  d 4  G  04
T=
32  L
  1004  80  103  0.048
T=
32  6000
T = 6282734.283 N-mm 02
T = 6.282 kN-m
Find the power transmitted by a solid shaft of diameter 60 mm

c) running at 220 rpm; if the permissible shear stress is 68 MPa. The
maximum torque is likely to exceed the mean torque by 25%.
Ans. Given:
d = 60mm, N = 220rpm,   68 N / mm 2
Tmax  1.25Tmean
Find: P = ?
Tmax 

J R
 
    4
Tmax  J   d
R 
d
 32 01
2 
Page No. 27 / 29
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.6 π π
Tmax = ×τ×d 3 = ×68×603 01
16 16
Tmax =2883.982×103 N-mm
Tmax =1.25Tmean 04
Tmax
Tmean =
1.25
2883.982×103
Tmean = =2307.1856×103 N-mm
1.25
Tmean =2307.1856N-m
Power transmitted by shaft 01
2πNTmean 2π×220×2307.1856
P= =
60 60
3
P=53.153×10 W
01
P=53.153kW
Calculate the suitable diameter of the solid shaft to transmit 220

d) kW power at 150 rpm; if the permissible shear stress is 68 MPa.
Ans. Given:
Power = 220 kW = 220×103 W
Speed N = 150 rpm
Shear stress,
fS = 68 MPa = 68 N/mm 2
Find: D
i) Using the relation,
2πNT 01
P= watts
60
2×π×150×T
220×103 =
60
T = 14005.63499 N.m
01
T = 14005.63499 × 103 N-mm 04
ii)Using the relation,
π
T= ×fS ×D3 01
16
π
14005.63499 × 103 = ×68×D3
16
D = 101.604 mm
01
Diameter of Shaft = 101.604 mm
Page No. 28 / 29
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Que. Sub. Total
Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q.6. e) Find the torsional moment of resistance for a hollow circular shaft
of 225 mm external diameter and 220 mm internal diameter, if the
permissible shear is 60 MPa.
Ans. Given:
External Diameter D = 225 mm
Internal Diameter d = 220 mm
τ = 60 MPa ,
Find: Torsional Moment or Resistance.
T τ
=
J R
  02
τ τ π
T R =   J =    D4 - d 4 
 R   d  32
2
 
 60  π 04
TR=
225  32
 2254 -2204 
 
 2 
T R =11.536×106 N-mm 02
3
T R =11.536×10 N-m
(i) Define - Section modulus.

f)
(ii) Define – Torsional stiffness.
Ans. Section Modulus(Z): Section modulus is the ratio of M.I of the

section about the Neutral Axis and the distance of the most extreme 02
fiber from the Neutral axis.
04
Z=I/Y
Torsional Stiffness: It is defined as the torque required per unit angle 02

of twist.
Torsional Stiffness=T/θ
Page No. 29 / 29
17304
16172

Examination Hall.
Marks

(i) Define elasticity and modulus of elasticity.
(ii) Define ‘angle of obliquity’.
(iii) State the parallel axis theorem.
(iv) What do you mean by eccentric load? Show by simple
sketch eccentrically applied load.
(v) State any four assumptions made in the theory of pure
torsion.
(vi) Define bulk modulus.
(vii) Define hoop stress. State the formula.
(viii) State middle third rule.
P.T.O.
17304 [2]
Marks
(i) A metal rod 24 mm diameter and 2 meter long is
subjected to an axial pull of 40 kN. If the elongation
of the rod is 0.5 mm, find the stress induced and the
value of Young’s modulus.
(ii) A simply supported beam of span 9.75 m is carrying
full span u.d.l. of 10 kN/m. What is the magnitude
and position of maximum bending moment developed?
(iii) A circular beam of 120 mm diameter is simply supported
over a span of 10 m and carries a u.d.l. of 1000 N/m.
Find the maximum bending stress produced.

a) (i) What is meant by modular ratio?
(ii) State any four assumptions made in Euler’s theory.
b) A circular steel bar of 10 mm diameter and 1.2 m long is
subjected to a compressive load in a testing machine.
Assuming both ends hinged, calculate Euler’s crippling load.
Also calculate safe load by considering factor of safety as 3.
Take E=2×105 N/mm2.
c) A steel cube block of 50 mm side is subjected to a force of
6 kN (tensile) along X-direction; 8 kN (compressive) along
Y-direction and 4 kN (tensile) along Z-direction. Determine
change in volume of the block. Take E=200 GPa and m = 10
3
d) A concrete column 300 mm × 300 mm is reinforced with
4 bars of 20 mm diameter and carries a compressive load
of 400 kN. The modular ratio is 15. Calculate the stresses
in steel and concrete. Also calculate the load shared by
each material.
e) A cantilever beam of length 10 m carries two point loads
of magnitude 20 kN and 30 kN at 4 m and free end
respectively. Draw the S.F.D. and B.M.D.
f) A gas cylinder of internal diameter 1.2 m and thickness
24 mm is subjected to maximum tensile stress of 90 MPa.
Find allowable pressure of gas inside cylinder.
17304 [3]
Marks
a) Draw S.F. and B.M. diagram for a simply supported beam
of span ‘L’ carrying a central point load ‘W’. State the value
of maximum shear force and maximum bending moment.
b) Define point of contraflexure. How is the point of contraflexure
located for a beam?
c) A simply supported beam of 3 m span carries two point loads
of 5 kN each at 1 m and 2 m from the left end A. Draw the
shear force and bending moment diagram.
d) A beam 6 m long rests on two supports 5 m apart. The right
end is overhang by 1 m. The beam carries a u.d.l. of 5 kN/m
over the entire length of the beam. Draw S.F. and B.M.
diagram.
e) A point in a strained material is subjected to two mutually
perpendicular tensile stresses of 200 MPa and 100 MPa.
Determine the intensities of normal, shear and resultant
stresses on a plane inclined at 30° with the axis of minor
tensile stress.
f) Find the M.I. of a ‘T’ section having top flange
200 mm × 20 mm and web 200 mm × 20 mm about the
centroidal axis X-X and Y-Y.

a) Find the moment of inertia of a square of side ‘a’ about its
outer edge.
b) A channel section 100 cm × 100 cm × 30 cm thick. Find the
moment of inertia about centroidal axis X-X and Y-Y.
c) An isosceles triangular section ABC has base width 80 mm
and height 60 mm. Determine the M.I. of the section about
the C.G. of the section and the base BC.
d) A hole of 100 mm diameter is cut from a rectangular plate
600 mm wide and 400 mm deep. The centre of hole is at
160 mm from the edge on an axis bisecting shorter side.
Find M.I. of remaining plate about X-X and Y-Y axis.
P.T.O.
17304 [4]
Marks
e) State any four assumptions made in the theory of simple
bending.
f) A beam 100 mm wide and 250 mm deep is subjected to a
shear force of 40 kN at a certain section. Find the maximum
shear stress and draw the shear stress variation diagram.

a) A timber beam has a cross-section 120 mm × 200 mm. It is
simply supported over a span of 4 m and carries a u.d.l. of
1 kN/m over the entire span. Calculate the maximum bending
stress induced in the beam and the radius of curvature to
which the beam will bend at that section.
b) A circular section of diameter ‘d’ is subjected to load ‘P’
eccentric to the axis Y-Y (vertical) The eccentricity of load
is ‘e’. Obtain the limit of eccentricity such that no tension
is induced at the section.
c) A rectangular column 150 mm wide and 100 mm thick carries
a load of 150 kN at an eccentricity of 50 mm in the plane
bisecting the thickness. Find the maximum and minimum
intensities of stress. Also draw stress distribution diagram.
d) A square column 300 mm × 300 mm carries an axial load of
200 kN. Find the position of 30 kN load acting along the
axis bisecting the width of the cross-section so that the stress
developed at the other extreme of the column will be zero.
e) A square pillar is 600 mm × 600 mm in section. At what
eccentricity a point load of 6000 kN be placed on one of
the centroidal axis of the section so as to produce no tension
in the section.
f) A mild steel flat 50 mm wide and 5 mm thick is subjected to
load ‘P’ acting in the plane bisecting the thickness at a point
10 mm away from the centroid of the section. If the tensile
stress is not to exceed 150 MPa, calculate the magnitude
of ‘P’.
17304 [5]
Marks
a) A hollow shaft is of the same external diameter as that of
the solid shaft. The inside diameter of the hollow shaft being
half the external diameter. Both the shafts have the same
material and length. Then show that the ratio of torque
transmitted by hollow shaft to the torque transmitted by solid
shaft is 0.9375.
b) A shaft is transmitting 150 kW at 200 RPM. If allowable
shear stress is 80 N/mm2 and allowable twist is 1.5° per 4 m,
find the diameter of shaft. Take C = 0.8 × 105 N/mm2.
c) Calculate the suitable diameter of the solid shaft to transmit
220 KW at 150 rpm if the permissible shear stress is 68 MPa.
d) Select a suitable diameter for a solid shaft to transmit 200 hp.
at 180 rpm. The allowable shear stress is 80 N/mm2.
e) A hollow shaft is of external diameter and internal diameter
400 mm and 200 mm respectively. Find the maximum torque
it can transmit, if the angle of twist is not to exceed 1.5° in
a length of 10 m. Take C = 0.8 × 105 N/mm2.
f) (i) Differentiate between pure bending and ordinary bending.
(ii) Write the equation of torque transmitted by the O.C. shaft
giving meaning and unit of each term.
(Autonomous)
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scheme.
equivalent concept.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q1 a) Attempt any SIX of the following: 12
i) Define elasticity and modulus of elasticity.
Ans. Elasticity: - Elasticity is the property of material by virtue of it can 01

regain its original shape and size after removal of deforming force. 02
Modulus of Elasticity: - It is defined as the ratio of stress to strain 01

within elastic limit.
ii) Define angle of ‘obliquity’.

02 02
Ans. Angle of ‘Obliquity’ : - The angle that the line of action of the
resultant stress makes with the normal to the plane is called the angle
of obliquity
iii) State the parallel axis theorem.
Ans. It states that the M. I. of a plane section about any axis parallel to the 02 02
centroidal axis is equal to the M. I. of the section about the centroidal
axis plus the product of the area of the section and the square of the
distance between the two axes.
Page No. 1 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
1 MI @ AB
IAB = IG+Ah2
What do you mean by eccentric load? Show by simple sketch

iv)
eccentrically applied load.
Ans. Eccentric load: - The load whose line of action does not coincide
01
with the axis of the member is called as eccentric load.
02
01
State any four assumptions made in the theory of pure torsion.

v)
Assumptions in the Theory of Pure Torsion.
Ans.
1. The material of the shaft is homogenous and isotropic and
follows Hook’s law.
2. The twist along the shaft is uniform.

½
3. The shaft is straight and having uniform circular cross section
mark
throughout. each
(Any 02
4. Cross sections of the shaft which are plane before twist remain four)
plane after twist.
5. Stresses do not exceed the proportional limit.
Page No. 2 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
1 vi) Define bulk modulus.
Ans. Bulk Modulus: -
When a body is subjected to three mutually perpendicular like stresses

of same intensity then the ratio of direct stress to the corresponding 02 02
volumetric strain of the body is constant and is called as bulk
modulus.
vii) Define hoop stress. State the formula.

Hoop stress the stress which act in the tangential direction to the
Ans. 01
circumference of the cylinder called as hoop stress or circumfertial
stress
Hoop Stress , 02
Pd
c 
2t
01
Where,
 c  Hoop stress Or Circumferential stress
P  Internal liquid pressure
d = Internal daimeter of thin cylinder
t = Thickness
State middle third rule.

viii)
In rectangular section for no tension condition the load must lie within
Ans. b d
the middle third shaded area of size and . This is known as 02
02
3 3
middle third rule.
Page No. 3 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q. 1 b) Attempt any Two of the following: 08
i) A metal rod 24 mm diameter and 2 meter long is subjected to an

axial pull of 40 kN. If the elongation of the rod is 0.5mm, find the
stress induced and the value of Young’s modulus.
Ans.
Given:
d  24mm, L  2m
P  40kN  40 103 N
 l  0.5mm
 ? E ?
Area,

A d2
4

A (24) 2
4
01
A  452.389mm 2
Stress ( ),
P

A
40  103

452.389
  88.419 N mm 2 01
Young ' s mod ulus ( E ) 04

PL 01
E
A l
40  103  2000
E
452.389  0.5
E  353.677 103 N / mm 2 01
ii) A simply supported beam of span 9.75m is carrying full span u.d.l.
of 10 kN/m. What is the magnitude and position of maximum
bending moment developed?
Ans.
To find the support recation,
 Fy  0
RA  RB  (10  9.75)  0
RA  RB  97.5KN ................... 1 01
Page No. 4 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
1 Taking moment at A,
M A 0
9.75
RA  0  10  9.75    RB  9.75  0
2
475.312  9.75  RB
475.312
RB 
9.75
RB  48.75 KN 01
Put RB in 1 eq n
RA  RB  97.5
RA  48.75  97.5
RA  48.75 KN
SF calculation,
S .FAL  0
S .FAR  48.75
S .FBL  48.75  10  9.75 
S .FBL  48.75
S .FBR  0
As S .F . is zero at pt. C
To find pt of contra shear
04
S .FC  0
S .FC  48.75  10     0 BMD
10   48.75 1
Mark
  4.875m
B.M Calculation,
B.M A  0
B.M B  0
 4.875 
B.M C  48.75  4.875  10  4.875   01
 2 
B.M C  118.828 kN  m
B.M at C is the max B.M . as at C
S .F . is zero
Page No. 5 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
1 iii) A circular beam of 120mm diameter is simply supported over a
span of 10m and carries u.d.l of 1000 N/m. find the maximum
bending stress produced.
Ans. Given data :

d  120mm, L  10m  10000mm
w  1000 N m
1000
w N mm  1 N mm
1000
b  ?
Max. Bending Moment ,  M 
wL2 1 10000 
2
M  01
8 8
M  12.5 106 N  mm
Moment of Inertia,
 
 120 
4
I d4 
64 64 01
I  10.178 106 mm 4
d 120 04
y   60mm 01
2 2
y  yc  yt  60mm
Max. bending stress,
M
b  y
I
12.5 106
b   60
10.178 106
 b  73.688 N mm 2 01
16
2 Attempt any FOUR of the following:
a) i) What is meant by modular ratio?
ii) State any four assumptions made in Euler’s theory.

Ans. i) Modular Ratio: The ratio of modulus of elasticity of two different
02
materials is called as modular ratio. It is denoted by ‘m’.
E1
m E1>E2
E2
Page No. 6 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
2 Following are the assumptions in the Euler’s theory.
a) The material of the column is perfectly homogenous and isotropic.
b) The column is initially perfectly straight and is axially loaded.

½ 04
marks
c) The cross section of the column is uniform. each
(any
d) The length of column is very large compared to the lateral four)
dimensions.
e) The self-weight of column is neglected.
f) The column will fail by buckling only.
A circular steel bar of 10 mm diameter and 1.2m long is subjected

to a compressive load in testing machine. Assuming both ends
b)
hinged, calculate Euler’s crippling load. Also calculate safe load
by considering factor of safety as 3. Take E=2x105 N/mm2.
Given data :
Ans.
d  10mm, L  1.2m  1200mm,
fos  3, E  2  105 N / mm 2
Pcr  ?
safe load  ?
For column with both ends hinged
Le  l  1200mm
01
M .I . for circular sec tion,

I d4
64

I (10) 4
64
I  490.873 mm 4 01
Eulers crippling load ,
 2 EI
Pcr 
Le 2 04
 2  2 105  490.873
Pcr 
(1200) 2
Pcr  672.878 N 01
Page No. 7 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
2 crippling load
Safe load 
F .O.S .
672.878
Safe load 
3 01
Safe load  224.292 N
c) A steel cube block of 50mm side is subjected to a force of 6 kN

(tensile) along X-direction; 8 kN. (compressive) along Y direction
and 4 kN (tensile) along Z direction. Determine change in the
10
volume of the block. Take E=200 GPa and m  .
3
Ans. Given data :
l  b  t  50mm
Px  6kN  6000 N (Tensile)
Py  8kN  8000 N (comprtessive)
Pz  4kN  4000 N (Tensile)
E  200Gpa  200  103 N / mm 2
10
m ,   0.3
3
Find :  v  ?
Stress along x direction
Px 6000
x    2.4 N / mm 2
A 50  50
Stress along y direction
Py 8000
y    3.2 N / mm 2 (compressive) 01
A 50  50
Stress along z direction
Pz 4000
z  
A 50  50
 z  1.6 N / mm 2 01
original volume (V )
V  Lbt
V  50  50  50
V  125 103 mm 2
Page No. 8 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
2 For triaxial stress system
x  y z 01
ev  (1  2 )
E
v x  y z 04
 (1  2  )
V E
v 2.4  3.2  1.6
 (1  2  0.3)
125 10 3
200 103
v
 1.6 106
125 10 3
 v  1.6 106 125 103

01
 v  0.2mm3
Change in volume is  0.2mm3
A concrete column 300mm X 300mm is reinforced with 4 bars of

d) 20mm diameter and carries a compressive load of 400kN. The
modular ratio is 15. Calculate the stresses in steel and concrete.
Also calculate the load shared by each material.
Given data :
Ans. Area of concrete column,
A  300  300mm
Diameter of steel bar ,
d  20mm
No. of steel bar ,
n4
Load , p  400kN  400 103 N
m  15
c  ? s  ? Pc  ? Ps  ?
Area of steel bar ( As )

As  n  d2
4

As  4  202
4
As  1256.637mm 2
Page No. 9 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
2 Area of concrete ( Ac ),
Ac  300  300  As
Ac  90000  1256.637
Ac  88743.363mm 2 01
as,
 s  m  c
 s  15 c
also,
P  Ps  Pc
400  103   s As   c Ac
Put ,
 s  15 c
400  103  (15  1256.637   c )  (88743.363   c )
400  103  (18849.555  88743.363) c
400  103  107592.918   c
 c  3.717 N / mm 2 01
As,
 s  15 c
 s  15  3.717
 s  55.755 N / mm 2 01
Load shared steel
Ps   s As 04
Ps  55.755 1256.637
Ps  70063.795 N
Ps  70.0637 kN ½
Load shared by econcrete
Pc   c Ac
Pc  3.717  88743.363
Pc  329859.080 N
Pc  329.859kN ½
Page No. 10 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
2 e) A cantilever beam of length 10m carries two points load of
magnitude 20kN and 30 kN at 4m and free end respectively.
Draw the S.F.D and B.M.D.
Ans. Re action at fixed end

RA  20  30  0
RA  50kN
S .F . calculation
S .F .AL  0
01
S .F .A R  50 kN
S .F .BL  50 kN
S .F .BR  50  20  30 kN
S .F .CL  50  20  30 kN
S .F .CR  50  20  30  0
BM calculation, 01
B.M .C  0
B.M .B  30  6
B.M .B  180 kN  m
BM A  30  10  20  4
B.M .A  380 kN  m
04
01
01
Page No. 11 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
OR
S .F . calculation
S .F .AL  0
S .F .A R  50 kN
S .F .BL  50 kN
S .F .BR  50  20  30 kN 01
S .F .CL  50  20  30 kN
S .F .CR  50  20  30  0
BM calculation,
B.M .C  0
B.M .B  30  4
B.M .B  120 kN  m 01
BM A  30  10  20  6
B.M .A  420 kN  m
04
01
01
A gas cylinder of internal diameter 1.2m and thickness 24mm is

f) subjected to a maximum tensile stress of 90 MPa. Find the
allowable pressure of gas inside cylinder.
Page No. 12 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Ans. Internal daimeter d = 1.2 m = 1200mm

Thickness, t = 24 mm
Tensile stress,   90 MPa  90 N / mm 2
Pr essure of gas, p = ?
As tensile stress = Hoop Stress =  c  90 N / mm 2
P.d 02
c 
2t 04
90  2  24
P
1200
02
P  3.6 N / mm 2
3 16
Attempt any FOUR of the following:
a) Draw S.F. and B.M. diagram for simply supported beam of span
‘L’ carrying a central point load ‘W’. State the value of maximum
shear force and maximum bending moment.
Ans.
01
01
04
W 01
Max. S. F =
2
WL
Max. B.M= 01
2
Page No. 13 / 33
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
3 b) Define point of contra flexure. How is the point of contra flexure
located for a beam?
Ans. Point of contra-flexure: -
The point at which bending moment diagram changes the sign from
positive to negative or vice versa or the point at which BM is zero is 02
called as point of contra-flexure
Location of point of contra-flexure
i) At the point of contra-flexure B.M is zero.

01 04
ii) Take B.M at the point of contra-flexure and equate with zero.
iii) The distance (location) of point of contra-flexure will be find from

either end of beam.
01
Point D, B.M. = 0
 Point D is Point of Contraflexure.
Point D is at Z m from A
c) A simply supported beam of 3 m span carries two point loads of 5

kN each at 1 m and 2 m from the left end A. Draw the shear force
and bending moment diagram.
Ans.
Page No. 14 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
3 Step i) To find support reactions,
Since loading is symmetical
R A  R D  5kN ½
Step ii) SF calculations
S .F .A  5 kN
S .F .B L  5 kN
S .F .B R  +5 - 5 = 0 kN ½
S .F .C L = 0 kN
S .F .C R = -5 kN
S .F .D L = -5 kN
S .F .D = 0 kN
Step iii) B.M . Calculation,
Since the supports are simple
B.M.A  0 01
B.M.D  0
B.M .B  5 1  5 kN-m
B.M .C  5 1  5 kN-m
04
01
01
Page No. 15 / 33
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
3 d) A beam 6 m long rests on two supports 5 m apart. The right end is
overhang by 1 m. the beam carries a u.d.l. of 5 kN/m over the
entire length of the beam. Draw S.F. and B. M. diagram.
Ans. To find support reactions,
F Y 0
R A   5  6   RB  0
R A  RB  30 .......(i)
Taking moment at A
 R A  0    5  6 
6
  RB  5  0
 2
R B  5  90
R B  18 kN
Put R B in equation (i)
R A  RB  30
R A  18  30
R A  12 kN
S .F . Calculation,
S .F . A L = 0 SF
S .F .A R  12 kN cal.
01
S .F .B L  12   5  5  = -13 kN
S .F .B R  12   5  5  +18 = 5 kN
SFD
S .F .C L = 12   5  6  +18 = 0 and
S .F .C R = 0 BMD
(1
Shear force is zero at pt. D and mark
the pt. D is at 'x' m from A each)
S .F .D = 0 04
S .F .D = 12  5  x  0
 5  x  12
x = 2.4 m
B.M . Calculation, BM
B.M.A  0 cal.
 2.4  01
B.M.D  12  2.4    5  2.4  
 2 
B.M.D  5 kN  m
Page No. 16 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
3 B.M .D  14.4 kN-m
 5
B.M .B  12  5  -  5  5  
 2
B.M .B = - 2.5 kN  m
B.M .C  0
B.M . is zero at pt. E
Pt. E is at Y m from A
 Y
B.M .E  12  Y  -  5  Y   = 0
 2
12  Y  -  2.5Y 2  = 0
Y = 4.8 m from A
e) A point in a strained material stresses are subjected to two

mutually perpendicular tensile stresses of 200 Mpa and 100 Mpa.
Determine the intensities of normal, shear a resultant stresses on a
plane inclined at 300 with the axis of minor tensile stress.
Ans. Given data:

 x  200MPa,  x  200 MPa
  900  300  600  0
1) Analytical Method
n  ? t  ? R  ?
  y  x  y
n  x  cos 2   sin 2
2 2 01
200  100  200  100 
n    cos  2  30   0
2  2 
 n  125 N/mm 2
x  y
t  sin 2   cos 2 01
2
 200  100 
t    sin  2  30   0
 2 
01
 t  43.301 N/mm 2
Page No. 17 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
3 04
Resultant Stress,
 R   2n   2t
 R  (125) 2  (43.301) 2 01
 R  132.287 N / mm 2
OR
2) Mohr’s Circle method (Graphical)
04 04
f)
Ans. Find the M.I. of a ‘T’ section having top flange 200 mm × 20 mm
and web 200 mm × 20 mm about the centroidal axis X-X and Y-Y.
Given data :
b1  20mm, d1  200mm
b2  200mm, d 2  20mm
A1  b1  d1  20  200  4000mm 2
A2  b2  d 2  200  20  4000mm 2
as the T  sec tion is symmetrical about y  axis
200
X  100 mm
2
To find Y
d1 200
y1    100 mm
2 2
Page No. 18 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
3
d2 20
y2   200   200  210 mm
2 2
( AY )  ( A2Y2 )
Y 11
A1  A2
(4000 100)  (4000  210)
Y
(4000  4000)
01
Y  155mm
To find M .I . about X  X
I xx  I x 1  I x 2
3
b1d1 2
I x1   a1h1
12
h1  155  100  55mm
(20  2003 )
I x1   (4000  552 )
12
I x 1  25.433 106 mm 4
3
bd 2
Ix 2  2 2  a2 h2
12
h2  210  155  55mm
04
(200  203 )
Ix 2   (4000  552 )
12
I x 2  12.233 106 mm4
I XX  I X1  I X 2
= 25.433 106  12.233 106
02
I XX  37.666 10 mm 6 4
To find M.I. at Y-Y axis

I YY  IY1  IY2
 d1b13 2  d 2b23 2
IYY    a1h1     a2 h2 
 12   12 
h1  h2  0 as symmetrical at Y axis
 200  203   20  2003 
IYY     12 
 12    01
IYY  13.4633 10 mm 6 4
Page No. 19 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q. 4 Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16
a) Find the moment of inertia of a square of side ‘a’ about its outer
edge.
Ans. i) For a square of side 'a'

a . a3 a 4 01
I xx  
12 12
ii) Area of section,
A = a  a  a2
iii ) The outer edge is
paralle to XX axis
Distance between XX axis
and Outer edge is
01 04
a
h=
2
iv) Using the parallel axis theorom,
M.I. about parallel axis =
M.I. about centroidal axis + Ah 2
I  I xx  Ah 2
2
a4 a
=  a2   
12 2
a4 a4
 
12 4
02
a4
I
3
b) A channel section 100cm × 100cm × 30cm thick. Find the moment

of inertia about centroidal axis X-X and Y-Y.
Ans. a1 x1  a2 x2  a3 x3
X
a1  a2  a3
01
(1000  300)  500  (1000  300)  500  (400  300)  150

(1000  300)  (1000  300)  (400  300)
X  441.667mm
BD 3 bd 3
I XX  
12 12
Page No. 20 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
4 1
I XX = 1000 10003    700  4003  
12   01 04
I XX  7.96 1010 mm4
IYY  IY1Y1  IY2Y2  IY3Y3

1
IY1Y1  IY3Y3 
12
 bd 3   Ah2
1
IY1Y1  IY3Y3 =   300 10003   1000  300   58.3332
12
IY1Y1  IY3Y3  2.602 1010 mm 4
1
IY2Y2 
12
 bd 3   Ah 2
1
=   400  3003    400  300   291.667 2
12
 5.308 109 mm 4
IYY  2.602 1010  5.308 109  2.602 1010
IYY  5.7348 1010 mm 4 02
c) An isosceles triangular section ABC has base width 80 mm and

height 60 mm. Determine the M.I. of the section about the C. G. of
the section and the base BC.
Ans.
bh3 80  603 01
I base  
12 12
I base  1440000mm 4 01
04
bh3 80  603 01
I xx  
36 36
I xx  480000mm 4 01
A hole of 100 mm diameter cut from a rectangular plate 600 mm

d) wide and 400 mm deep. The center of hole is at 160 mm from the
edge on an axis bisecting shorter side. Find M.I. of remaining
plate about X-X and Y-Y axis.
Ans.
 
(600  400)  300    1002   160
a x  a2 x2  4 
X  1 1 
a1  a2  2 
(600  400)    100  01
4 
X  304.736mm
Page No. 21 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
4  BD3    4 
I XX   d  01
 12   64 
 600  4003    4
I XX       (100) 
 12   64 
01 04
I XX  3195091261mm4
 DB3   
IYY    Ah 2    d 4  Ah 2 
 12   64 
 400  6003    
IYY     600  400   4.736 2    (100) 4  (100) 2 144.736 2  01
 12   64 4 
IYY  7035945178mm 4
State any four assumptions made in the theory of simple bending.

e) Assumptions
Ans. 1. The material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic and
follows the Hooke's Law.
2. The transverse section of the beam which is plane before

bending will remain plane after bending.
1
mark
3. Young's modulus for the material is same for tension and each 04
compression (any
four)
4. Each layer is free to expand or contract independently.
5. The beam in initially straight and of constant cross section.
Page No. 22 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
4 f) A beam 100mm wide and 250mm deep is subjected to a shear
force of 40KN at a certain section find the maximum shear stress
and draw the shear stress variation diagram.
S S 40 103
qav    01
Ans. A bd 250 100
qav  1.6 N / mm 2
01
qmax  1.5  qav  1.5 1.6
qmax  2.4 N / mm 2 01
04
01
Page No. 23 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
5 Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16
a) A timber beam has a cross section 120 mm X 200 mm. It is simply

supported over a span of 4 m and carries a u.d.l. of 1 kN/m over
the entire span. Calculate the maximum bending stress induced in
beam and the radius of curvature to which the beam will bend at
the section.
Ans.
M  E 01
 
I y R
wL 1 42
M   2  106 N  mm
8 8 ½
1 3 1
I  bd   120  2003  80  106 mm 4
12 12
½
d 200
Y   100mm
2 2 04
M  2 106
 b   Y  100  2.5 N / mm 2
 I  80 10 6
01
M   E
 OR 
I y y R
E E
R  I OR R  Y
M 
E E
R   80 106  OR R  100 01
 2 10 
6
2.5
R  40 E OR R  40 E
Note: - If suitable value of E is assume should be consider
A circular section of diameter ‘d’ is subjected to load ‘P’ eccentric

b)
to the axis the eccentricity of load is ‘e’ obtain the limit of
eccentricity such that no tension is induced at the section.
To find : e=?
Ans.
Direct stress, 01
P
σ0 =
A
Bending stress,
M
σb =
Z
Page No. 24 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
5 for circular sec tion,

I d4
64
d 01
y
2

d4
I 64 
Z   d3
y d 32 04
2
for no tension condition,
0  b 01
P M

A Z
P Pe

A Z
1 e

A Z

d3
Z 32
e 
A  d2
4
d
e
8 01
The core of a section is
d d
circle of radius e = or diameter
8 4
A rectangular column 150mm wide and 100mm thick carries a

c)
load of 150 kN at an eccentricity of 50mm in the plane bisecting
the thickness. Find the maximum and minimum intensities of
stress. Also draw stress distribution diagram.
Ans. Given data:

b = 150 mm, d = 100mm
P = 150 kN, e = 50mm
σ max =? σ min =?
Area of section,
A=b  d=150 100=15 103mm2
Page No. 25 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
5 Direct stress,
P
σ0 =
A
150 103
σ0 =
15 103
σ 0 =10 N mm 2 (C) ½
Bending Stress,
M
σb =
Z yy
Diag.
Pe ½
σb = 2
db 04
6
6 Pe
σb =
db 2
6  150  103  50
σb =
100 150 2
σ b = 20 N mm 2
02
σ max = σ 0 + σ b = 10 + 20
½
σ max = 30 N mm 2 (C)
σ min = σ 0 - σ b = 10 - 20
½
σ min = 10 N mm 2 (T)
A square column 300mm X 300 mm carries an axial load of 200

d) kN. Find the position of 30 kN load acting along the axis bisecting
the width of the cross section so that the stress developed at the
other extreme of the column will be zero.
P1 P2 P1  P2  200  30  10
3
Ans. 0    
A A A 300  300
 0  2.55 N / mm2
01
M   30 10  e
3
b 300
Y   150mm
2 2
b 4 3004
I   675 106 mm4
12 12
Page No. 26 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
5 M 
 b   Y 02
 I 
04
  30 103  e 
b    150   6.67 103  e
 675 106 
 
0  b
2.55   6.67  103  e
e  382.5mm 01
A square pillar is 600mm X 600mm in section. At what

e)
eccentricity a point load of 6000 kN is placed on one of the
centroidal axis of the section so as to produce no tension in the
section.
Ans.
0  b 01
P M
 01
A Z
P P.e.Y

A I 04
I
e 01
AY
.
 6004 
 
  12 
 600  600   300
01
e  100mm
f) A mild steel flat 50mm wide and 5mm thick is subjected to load
‘P’ acting in the plane bisecting the thickness at a point 10mm
away of the centroid of the section. If the tensile stress is not to
exceed 150 MPa, calculate the magnitude of ‘P’.
Ans. Given data :

b  50mm, d  5mm,
e  10mm,
 max  150MPa  150 N mm 2 (tensile)
P?
A  b  d  50  5  250mm 2
Page No. 27 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
5 P P
0   01
A 250
M P  e 6 P  e
b    01
Z yy d b 2 6 db 2
6  P  10
  0.0048 P 04
5  502
 max   0   b
P 01
150   0.0048 P
250
150  0.0088 P
150
P  17045.45 N
0.0048 01
P  17.045kN
6 Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16
a) A hollow shaft is of the same external diameter as that of the solid

shaft. The inside diameter of the hollow shaft being half the
external diameter. Both the shafts have the same material and
length. Then show that the ratio of torque transmitted by hollow
shaft to the torque transmitted by solid shaft is 0.9375.
Ans. T Gθ 01
=
J L
 G.θ 
THollow =   J Hollow
 L 
 G.θ 
TSolid =   JSolid
 L 
 G.θ 
J
THollow  L  Hollow
=
TSolid  G.θ 
  J Solid
 L 
THollow J Hollow 01
=
TSolid JSolid
But,
π 04
J Hollow =
32
 D 4 -d 4 
01
π  D 
4
J Hollow =  D 4 - 
32  2 
Page No. 28 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
6 π 4
J Solid = D
32
π  4 D 
4
D - 
THollow 32  2 
=
TSolid π 4
D
32
16D 4 -D 4
=
16D 4 01
THollow
=0.9375
TSolid
b) A shaft is transmitting 150 kW at 200 RPM. If allowable shear

stress is 80N/mm2 and allowable twist is 1.50 per 4m, find the
diameter of shaft. Take C = 0.8 X 105 N/mm2
Ans.
Power P=150 kW=150×103 W
Speed N=200rpm
Shear stress f S =80N/mm 2
1.5×π
θ=1.50 = rad
180
Length L=4 m=4000mm
C=0.8×105 N/mm 2
Find D=?
Case i)
2πNT
P= watts 01
60
2×π×200×Tmean
150×103 =
60
Tmean =7161.97N.m
Tmean =7161.97×103 N.mm
Case ii) Diameter based on shear stress:
Tmean = Tmax
Using relation,
π
Tmax = ×fS ×D3
16
π 04
7161.97×103 = ×80×D3
16
01
D = 76.96 mm
Page No. 29 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
6 Case iii) Diameter based on angle of twist
Using relation,
Tmax Cθ 01
=
IP L
π
3 0.8×105 ×1.5×
7161.97×10 180
=
π 4000
×D 4
32
01
D=108.64 mm
Note: - Adopt higher value of Diameter i.e. 108.64 mm because it

will satisfy both shear stress and angle of twist.
Calculate the suitable diameter of the solid shaft to transmit 220
c) kW at 150 rpm if the permissible shear stress is 68 MPa.
Given data:
Power = 220 kW = 220×103 W
Ans.
Speed N = 150 rpm
Shear stress,
fS = 68 MPa = 68 N/mm 2
find : D
i) Using the relation,
01
2πNT
P= watts
60
2×π×150×T
220×103 =
60
T = 14005.6349 N.m 01
T = 14005.6349  103 N-mm 04
ii)Using the relation,
π 01
T= ×fS ×D3
16
π
14005.6349  103 = ×68×D3
16 01
D = 101.6 mm
Page No. 30 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
6 d) Select a suitable diameter for a solid shaft to transmit 200 HP at
180 rpm. The allowable shear stress is 80 N/mm2.
Ans. Given data:

Power P=200HP
Speed N=180rpm
Shear stress fS =80N/mm 2
π
θ=10 = rad
180
Length L=3m=3000mm
C=0.82×105 N/mm 2
Find D=?
If the power is given in terms of HP then
2πNT 01
P= HP
4500
2π×180×T
200=
4500
T=795.774kg.m
04
T=795.774×9.81=7806.549N.m 01
3
T=7806.549×10 N.mm
Diameter based on shear stress
Using relation,
π 01
T= ×fS ×D3
16
π
7806.5499×103 = ×80×D3
16 01
D=79.21 mm
Note: - If suitable value modulus of rigidity assumed to calculate diameter

of solid shaft should be consider.
Page No. 31 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Que. Sub. Total

Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
6 e) A hollow shaft is of external diameter and internal diameter
400mm and 200mm respectively. Find the maximum torque is can
transmit, if the angle of twist is not to exceed 1.50 in a length of
10m. take C = 0.8X105 N/mm2
Ans. Given data:

External diameter,
D = 400mm
Internal diameter,
d=200mm
π 01
0
θ =1.5 =1.5× = 0.026 rad
180
Length L=10m=10×103mm
C=0.8×105 N/mm 2
Find T=?
By using torsional relation 04
T Cθ 01
=
IP L
Cθ π Cθ
T = IP × = (D 4 - d 4 )×
L 32 L
π 4 4 0.8×105 ×0.026
T= (400 -200 )×
32 10×103
π
T= ×2.4×1010 ×0.208
32 01
T = 493480220.1N.mm
01
T = 493.48 kN.m
f) (i) Difference between pure bending and ordinary bending

(ii) Write the equation of torque transmitted by the O.C. shaft
giving meaning and unit of each term.
Page No. 32 / 33
(Autonomous)
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Model Answers Marks
No. Que. Marks
6 Ans. (i) Difference pure bending and ordinary bending
Pure Bending Ordinary Bending
a) In ordinary bending beam

a) In pure bending the beam
dose not deflects into an arc of
deflects into an arc of circle. 02
circle.
b) A beam is subjected to
b) A beam is subjected to
normal (bending )stresses of
normal and shear stresses in it
tensile or compressive in nature
04
(ii) The equation of torque transmitted by the O.C. shaft
a) Based on angle Twist:
T G.θ
=
IP L
G.θ
T= IP
L
01
b) Based on shear stress:
T q
=
IP R
q
T= IP
R
Where,
T = Torque acting on shaft (N-mm)
R = Radius of curvature shaft (mm)
G = Modulus of rigidity (N/mm 2 )
L = Length of shaft (mm) 01
I P = Polar M.I. of shaft section (mm 4 )
 = Angle of twist in radians
q = Max. shear stress at outer most fibre of shaft (N/mm 2 )
Page No. 33 / 33

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Instructions – (1) All Questions are Compulsory.

1. a) Attempt any SIX of the following: 12

b) Attempt any TWO of the following: 8

2. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

3. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

a) A simply supported beam of span ‘L’ is subjected to downward

b) State relation between rate of loading, shear force and bending

c) A cantilever AD, 1.5 m long, carries point loads of 500 N,

e) A simply supported beam ABC is supported at ‘A’ and ‘B’

4. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

5. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

6. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

Define ductility and state names of two ductile metals.

(ii) Define principal plane and principal stress.

MI about PQ = IPQ = IG+Ah2

(v) State an expression for power transmitted by a shaft giving

(vii) Define hoop stress and longitudinal stress.

2) Direct stress = bending stress i.e. σ0 = σb

(b) Attempt any TWO of the following : 8

(i) Calculate minimum diameter of steel wire to lift a load of

(iii) A simply supported beam of span 5 m is subjected to downward

Given : l = 5 m, W = 20 kN at 2 m from left, b = 200 mm,

(i) Define composite section and modular ratio.

(c) A steel rod 12 mm dia and 2.2 m in length is at 40° C. Find

A metal rod of 20 mm diameter and 1.8 m long when subjected to

Ans. Given : d =20 mm, L = 1.8 m, P = 58 kN, δL=2.2 mm, δd = 0.006mm

Q. 3 Attempt any FOUR of the following : 16

A simply supported beam of span ‘L’ is subjected to downward

iii) Bending Moment calculations

BM at A and B is equal to zero (Supports are simple)

ii) Shear Force calculations

iii) Bending Moment calculations

BM at free end (i.e. at ‘D’) = 0

BM at C = - (900 x 0.5) = - 450 Nm 1

(i) At A : The SF increases from 0 to 50 kN therefore RA = 50 kN. 2

Let ‘ x ’ be the distance of point of maximum bending moment from

ii) Shear Force calculations

According to parallel axis theorem

IPQ = Ixx + Ah2

An angle section 120 mm x 100 mm x 20 mm is placed such as its

A2 = 20 x 120 =2400 mm2

ii) Moment of Inertia

An equilateral triangle has base of 100 mm. Using parallel axis

Height of triangle (h)

As the given composite section is symmetrical about y-y axis

Average shear stress for circular section –

With reference to theory of simple bending, explain neutral axis

Moment of resistance: Moment of resistance of the beam is the

(b) Calculate diameter of core of section for circular column section

(c) A rectangular column 450 mm wide and 300 mm thick carries a

M=P×e=420×103 ×110=46.20×106 Nmm ½

(d) A hollow circular column having external and internal diameters

(e) A 26 mm diameter rod is bentup to form as offset link as shown in

(f) Calculate maximum eccentricity for a hollow circular section

Q. 6 Attempt any FOUR of the following : 16

State torsional equation with meaning of each term.

(b) A shaft required to transmit 25 kW power at 180 r.p.m. The

A solid circular shaft of 30 mm diameter is subjected to torque of

(d) Compare the torsional strengths of two shafts A and B, made up

Torsional strength for solid shaft A,

Using relation based on angle of twist

(ii) Define torque and state its S.I. unit.

Instructions – (1) All Questions are Compulsory.