Certificate

This is to certify that Nand narayan singh a

student of class XII has successfully completed
the research on Study of different types of
transformers the under the guidance of PGT-
physics shumesh maurya during the year
2018-19 in partial fulfilment of Physics
practical examination conducted CBSE Board,
New Delhi.

Signature of the external examiner

Signature of the Physics teacher
 Acknowledgement
would like to thank god for being able to complete In the
accomplishment of this project successfully many people
have best owned upon me as their blessing and the heart
pledged support, this time I am utilizing to thank all the
people who have been concerned with project.

Primarily this project with success. Then I would like to

thank my Physics teacher Mr. sumesh maurya sir whose
valuable guidance has been the ones that helped me patch
this project and make it full proof success his suggestions and
instructions has served as the major contribution.

Then I would like to thanks my computer sir and Friends

who have helped me with their valuable suggestions and
guidance have been helpful in the various phases of the
completion of this project. Last I would like to thank Myself
for my determination and hard work required for the
completion in this project.
 Index
1. Certificate of Excellence
2. Acknowledgement
3. Aim of the project
4. Theory
5. Material required
6. Procedure
7. Conclusion
8. Precautions
9. Bibliography
 Objective
The objective of this
experiment is to Study the
Different Types of
Transformers

transformer
 Theory
The transformer is a device used to
convert a low alternating voltage to a high
alternating voltage or vice versa. It is
based on the principal of mutual
induction. A transformer which increases
the voltage is called a step up transformer
and which decreases the voltage is called
a step down transformer.When an
alternating e.m.f is supplied to the primary
coil, an alternating current starts flowing
in it. The alternating current produces a
changing magnetic flux, which induces
alternating voltage.
Let,
  Ep and Esare the instantaneous values of
the E.M.F induced in primary and secondary
coil.

 Np and Nsare the no. of turns in

primary and secondary coil.

 d/dt=rate of change of flux in each

turn.

Therefore,
Ep = - Np(d /dt)  .……(1)
Es = - Ns(d /dt)
 ……(2)
1. If there is no leakage of flux
By dividing Eq (2) by Eq (1), we have
Es/ Ep= Ns/ Np.…… (3)
2. If there is no power loss
Pp= Ps
 E p x Ip = E s x I s
Es / Ep = Ip/ Is ………(4)
Hence,

Step Up Transformer

Current in secondary is weaker when secondary

voltage is higher.Hence, whatever we gain in
voltage, we lose in current in the same ratio. A
step up transformer actually steps down the
current and step up voltage. In this type of
transformer:-

Ns> Np and Es >Ep

 Step Down Transformer

Current in secondary is weaker when secondary

voltage is higher. Hence, whatever we gain in
voltage, we lose in current in the same ratio. A
step down transformer actually steps up the
current and step down voltage. In this type of
transformer:-

Ns< Np and E s < Ep

Efficiency
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as
the ratio of output power to the input
power. For an ideal transformer, its value
is 1.
But in practical due to different kind of
energy loss,

Circuit Diagram
 Energy Loss
1. Copper loss: -It is energy loss in the form
of heat in the copper coils of a transformer.
This is due to joule heating of conducting
wires.
2. Iron loss: -It is the loss in the form of
heat in the iron ore of transformer. This is due
to formation of eddy current in iron core, it is
minimised by using laminated core.

3. Leakage of magnetic flux: -It occur

inspite of best insulation. Rate of change of
magnetic flux linked with each turn of
secondary coil is less than rate of change in
magnetic flux linked with each turn of primary
coil.
4. Hysteresis Loss: -It is loss of energy
due to repeated magnetization and
demagnetization of the iron core.

Material Required
1. Iron

2. Copper wire

3. Voltmeter
4. Ammeter

Procedure
Step Down
Transformer
1.Take a thick iron rode and cover it with
thick paper and wind a 100 turns of
copper wire on it. This constitutes
primary coil of the transformer.
2.Cover the primary coil with a sheet of
paper and wound 50 turns of copper
 wire on it. This constitutes the
secondary coil.
3.Now measure the input and output
voltage of the transformer.

Procedure
Step Up Transformer
1. Take a thick iron rode and cover it with
thick paper and wind a 50 turns of
copper wire on it. This constitutes
primary coil of the transformer.
 2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of
paper and wound 100 turns of copper
wire on it. This constitutes the
secondary coil.
3. Now measure the input and output
voltage of the transformer.

Procedure
1. The output voltage of the
transformer depend the ratio of the no.
 of turns in primary coil to no. of turns
in secondary coil.
2. On increase in no. of turns of
primary coil the current the output
current also increase.

Precautions
1. Keep yourself safe from high
voltage.
2. Minimise the formation of eddy
current.
3. While taking reading the current and
voltage of the primary coil should
remain constant.
Bibliography
1. Help From Internet

2. Help From Teacher

3. Help From Library