SIGNS '630D-i-ki TIMES

THE WORLD'S PROPHETIC WEEKLY

*THOMAS *
JEFFERSON

GOD'S
FOUR

REEDOMS
Freedom of Speech:
"Their rulers, and elders, and scribes
ift-J.1“1141?t . . commanded them not to speak at all
nor teach in the name of Jesus. But Peter
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and John answered and said unto them,
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Whether it be right in the sight of God to
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:V1.01, hearken unto you more than unto God,
tit I P.:,:01"“)FP,..NORPIt judge ye. For we cannot but speak the
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things which we have seen and heard."
Read Acts 4:1-20.
Freedom of Worship:
Oct "Render therefore unto Caesar the things
which are Caesar's; and unto God the
things that are God's."
Read Matthew 22:15-22.
Freedom. From Want:
"If thou shalt hearken diligently unto
the voice of the Lord thy God, to observe
and to do all His commandments, . . . all
these blessings shall come on thee. . . .
The Lord shall open unto thee His good
treasure, the heaven to give the rain unto
thy land in his season, and to bless all the
work of thine hand."
Read Deuteronomy 28:1-14.
Freedom From Fear: -
"Fear thou not; for I am with thee: be
not dismayed; for I am thy God: I will
strengthen thee; yea, I will help thee; yea,
I will uphold thee with the right hand of
My righteousness."
Read Isaiah 41:10-13; 43:1, 2.
INTERNATIONAL -4
HAS MAN AN IMMORTAL SOUL? Vol. 71, No. 15 April 11, 1944
See Page 2
 HAS MAN AN
Disobedience brought disaster
to our first parents, and be-
cause of their sin they were driven from
their Edenic home.
F good for food; the tree of life also in the
OR centuries man has been taught that
he possesses a never-dying soul which lives
in his mortal body; and that when the body
dies the soul lives on, going either to heaven
if good, or to hell if bad, there to enjoy or
suffer through all eternity, as the case may
be. - Yet the material used to form this likeness
As a consequence, men have come to be-
lieve that life is inherent within them, and
that there is no occasion to look to another
—not even to Christ—for something that
one already has. The Bible, however,
teaches that there is no immortality apart
from Christ.
• To clarify this question, let us seek the
answer in the divine word.. Solomon said:
"For that which befalleth the sons of men
befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth
them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other;
yea, they have all one breath; so that a man
bath no pre-eminence above a beast: for all
is vanity. All go unto one place; all are of
the dust, and all turn to dust again. Who
knoweth the spirit of man that goeth up-
ward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth
downward to the earth? Wherefore I per-
ceive that there is nothing better, than that a
man should rejoice in his own works; for
that is his portion: for who shall bring him
to see what shall be after him?" Ecclesi-
astes 3:19-22.
Man and beast both come from the ele-
ments of the ground. At death both return
to the earth. Man has no pre-eminence
over the beast in this matter, for "they have
all one breath."
We read in Genesis 2:7: "The Lord God
forined man of the dust of the ground, and
breathed into his nostrils the breath of life;
"Signs of the Times," April 11, 1944. Vol. 71, No. 15. $1.50 a year in the United States. Printed and published weekly (50 issues a year) by the Pacific Press
Publishing Association at Mountain View, California, U. S. A. Entered as second-class matter September 15, 1904, at the post office at Mountain View, California,
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Page Two
mmortal Soul ?
Is Eternal Life Inherited—
or-Received as a Gift?
.every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and
and man became a living soul." Here we
have a positive statement concerning God's
method of creating man, and of the mate-
rial which He used in that creation. Man,
of course, is of a higher order than the ani-
mals, being created in the likeness of God.
or image is the same as that used in' form-
ing all other creatures, for we read: "Out of
the ground the Lord God formed every
beast of the field, and every fowl of the
air." Verse 19.
While man and beast were made of the
same material, the dust of the ground, yet
man was different from the beast in that he
was made in God's image, after His like-
ness, and God gave to him power to have
dominion over the world and all that is
in it. But this language does not imply
that in making man God gave him a soul
which can never die.
It is true that "man became a living
soul." Verse 7. But a similar expression is
used concerning fish and beasts and fowls,
as we read: "God said, Let the waters bring
forth abundantly the moving creature that
hath life ["soul," margin]." Genesis I:20.
See also verse 3o. It is therefore evident
that the expression "living soul" means liv-
OUR COVER
This heroic statue of Thomas Jefferson
dominates the beautiful memorial on the
Potomac dedicated to this great champion
of the rights of man. April 13, the 201st
anniversary of his birth, reminds us again
that the world needs more men like Jeffer-
son today.
W. E. STRICKLAND
ing creature, and may be applied to both
man and beast, since all live and move and
are creatures of God's making. •
In the beginning, God gave to man a
further blessing in the form of the tree of
life. As long as he ate of this tree of life,
life was assured to him. We read: "Odt 'of
the ground made the Lord God to grow
midst of the garden, and the tree of knowl-
edge of good and evil." Genesis 2:9.
The power to live was and is from God
through Christ. He provided the tree of
life, and as long as man could eat of it, so
long would he have life. But his eating de-
pended upon his being obedient to God's
commands.
It was disobedience that brought disaster
to our first parents. Had they remained
faithful, the privilege to eat of the tree
would have been theirs eternally, and this
world would never have known the anguish
of sin and death. But when Adam dis-
obeyed, God could do no less than prevent
his access to the tree. God could not allow
man to live on forever. He could not per-
mit an immortal sinner. Therefore God
sent man forth from the garden to culti-
vate the soil and finally to die as a result of
his sin. So today, in redemption's plan,
man has life through Christ, but only as he
is obedient. God's requirements have not
changed. What He required of Adam and
Eve He requires of us; and if we would live
that life which is eternal, we can do so only
in and through Christ. Then eternal life
will be ours when He comes at the last day
to raise His own from the grave.
"Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou
return." Genesis 3:19. There is no basis
here for the teaching that there is a spirit
life after death. God does not countenance
the devil's lie, "Ye shall not surely die."
Verse 4. How sad it is, then, that through
the centuries man has continued to believe
and to teach the doctrine of natural immor-
tality!
But let us turn to the truth as it is in
(Continued on page 7)
SIGNS of the TIMES
 CHRISTIAN Baptism
Is It Necessary?
"there was much water," if baptism were to
be done by sprinkling.
What Does It Symbolize? The term "baptize" is derived from the
Greek baptizo; and in lexicons is invariably
defined: "to dip," "to immerse," "to
plunge." There are eight words in the
Greek of the New Testament used to de-
by scribe the application of liquids. It is sig-
nificant that with this wide choice of words,
FRANCIS A. SOPER meaning "sprinkle," "pour," and "im-
merse," only the one meaning "immerse"
is used in describing water baptism.
In New Testament times this was a fa-
miliar word, readily understood by all and
r 1HE preaching of John the Baptist to this earth and identified Himself with in common usage. The apostles of Christ
had stirred the whole Jewish nation. sinful humanity to show us the path that understood it. Their practice in the early
- Thousands flocked into the wilder= we are to walk, and to give "us an example" church was in accordance with the Master's
ness to hear him proclaim: "The kingdom that we "should follow His steps." I Peter command: "Go ye therefore, and teach all
of heaven is at hand." Matthew 3:2. As a 2:21. nations, baptizing them in the name of the
result, many were brought to repentance If the Master set us an example in this Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
and "were baptized of him in-Jordan, con- matter, it behooves us to follow it. There Ghost." Matthew 28:19.
fessing their sins." can be no doubt as to the value and neces- At the Day of Pentecost, as the public
News of John's message reached the sity of the ordinance of baptism when Jesus ministry of the apostles was beginning,
small Galilean town of Nazareth, where Himself led the way. But how was He they began to carry out the parting com-
Jesus—realizing that the time for the be- baptized? What mode was used in this mand of the Lord and preached the word
ginning of His public ministry had come— "example" that He set for us? with power. Many who heard "were
joined the large bands of His countrymen There are several types of baptism in pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter
who were journeying to the Jordan. vogue today. Some churches practice im- and to the rest of the apostles, Men and
As Jesus came requesting baptism, John mersion while others use sprinkling or brethren, what shall we do? Then Peter
recognized in Him something different pouring. But Jesus was baptized "in" Jor- said unto them, Repent, and be baptized
from all the others—priests, rabbis, soldiers, dan. The very word "in" indicates that the every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ
publicans—who were being baptized. He ceremony took place in the water, not on for the remission of sins, and ye shall re-
saw a purity of character that he had never the bank or somewhere near by. Also, the ceive the gift of the Holy Ghost." Acts
before seen, and he shrank from granting record states that the Spirit came upon Jesus 2:37, 38.
the request of Jesus, exclaiming: "I have as He was "coming up out of the water." As the result of this meeting three thou-
need to be baptized of Thee, and comest Obviously, then, He had first to go down sand persons were baptized, and Jerusalem
Thou to me?" He realized his own un- into the water. must have been greatly stirred as its pools
worthiness to baptize one whom he felt to In John 3:23 we read: "John also was were crowded with waiting candidates.
be the world's Messiah. baptizing in Aenon near to Salim, because As the early church grew, the believers
However, Jesus gently but firmly replied: there was much water there: and they came, "went everywhere preaching the word." It
"Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becom- and were baptized." This makes it plain is recorded that Philip the evangelist went
eth us to fulfill all righteousness." So John that Bible baptism was performed where to Samaria "preaching the things concern-
finally acceded and led Jesus into the Jor- there was no scarcity of water. It would ing the -kingdom of God." Upon hearing
dan and buried Him beneath the water. surely be strange to select a place where the gospel, many were convicted of sin, and
The record continues: "And "when they believed, . . . they
straightway coming up out of were baptized, both men and
the water, He saw the heavens women." Acts 8:4, 12. No dis-
opened, and • the Spirit like a crimination was made; all who
dove descending upon Him." believed, "both men and
Mark t:to. women," received the rite of
It was not as a confession of baptism.
guilt, or on His own behalf, that After a short time, Philip was
Jesus was baptized. He was the led by the Holy Spirit into the
Sinless One and did not for desert region between Jerusalem
Himself need to receive that and Gaza. Here, by divine guid-
rite which symbolized the re- ance, he met the Ethiopian
moval of sin. Rulers and com- eunuch who was returning to
mon people alike confessed their his own country after Worship-
guilt• and were baptized, thus ing in Jerusalem. As Philip ex-
signifying that they desired to pounded to the distinguished
have a part in the kingdom of officer the prophecies in the Old
the coming Messiah by having Testament concerning the Mes-
their heart and life purified and siah and their fulfillment in
cleansed. But Jesus was baptized A modern baptismal scene in the River Jordan Jesus Christ, the Ethiopian was
for a different purpose. He came near where John baptized Jesus. (Continued on page 5)

for APRIL 11, 1944 Page Three

00.9 1301
Obsolete Doctrine or a Living Truth?
Broadcast Over the Mutual
System by the
VOICE OF PROPHECY.
HE Bible doctrine of blood-bought
salvation grows less popular in the church
today. Look at some of the new church
hymnals and try to find the old songs about
the blood of Jesus Christ and His sufferings
on Calvary. You may be surprised to find
that many of those old songs have been
omitted. Not long ago one large denomi-
nation suggested that all songs referring to
the blood, or to salvation through the shed
blood of Jesus Christ, should be eliminated
in the revised hymnbook.
In spite of this so-called modern attitude
toward the shed blood of Christ, it is still
Bible truth that no man ever lived who had
his sins remitted without the shedding of
blood. We read in Hebrews 9:22: "With-
out shedding of blood is no remission."
"All have sinned." Romans 3:23. All
are lost. Therefore, all need salvation. All
can find salvation. It is provided for all,
because Christ died for all. 2 Corinthians
5:14, 15; Romans 5:6. But all who are lost
must come to God by way of the spilled
blood of Christ. There is no other way to
climb to heaven, no other avenue to re-
demption, no other door, no other gate.
"No man cometh unto the Father, but by
Me." John 14:6.
No human being can be cleansed with-
out the shedding of blood.
"If we walk in the light, as He is in the
light, we have fellowship one with another
and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son
cleanseth us from all sin." r John 1:7.
As soon as a man becomes conscious that
he needs a Saviour, he turns his eyes to
Christ. Then Christ covers his sins with
His own precious blood. When God looks
upon that sinner, He sees Christ's righteous
life. Christ takes our place. The broken
law cannot , condemn that man because'
Christ stepped in and offered His life in
place of the man's life.
The wages, or penalty, of sin is death.
Romans 6:23. Christ paid the penalty. So,
as soon as the lost sinner with the death
penalty written up against him recognizes
Page Four
Christ's payment of his penalty, he
is forgiven. His sins are under the
blood. Christ gave His life in the place of
man's life. He died for our sins. I Corin-
thians 15:3.
The highest angel could not die for man.
It must be the sinless Son of God. The
innocent must die for the guilty. So in an-
cient times God used a lamb as the symbol
of the innocent Saviour who was to die
for us.
When John the Baptist saw Jesus, he
said: "Behold the Lamb of God, which tak-
eth away the sin of the world." John 1:29.
If we look back to the beginning of time,
we see Abel. bringing a lamb to the angel-
guarded gates of Paradise. Continue to
look, and you see the harmless creature
slain. Its blood is shed, and soon you see
the smoke of a sacrifice ascending.
Later, when God required congrega-
tional worship, all the lambs for sacrifice
were brought to the sanctuary or temple.
Exodus 25:8, 9, 40; 29:38, 49. Here the
priest from the tribe of Levi shed the blood
of the lambs twice each day.
This sanctuary and its entire service was
ordered by the Lord and was a shadow, or
lesson, of heavenly things.
"Now of the things which we have
spoken this is the sum: We have such an
high priest, who is set on the right hand of
the throne of the Majesty in the heavens; a
minister of the sanctuary, and of the true
tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and
not man.
"For every high priest is ordained to offer
gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it is of neces-
sity that this man have somewhat also to
offer. . . . Who serve unto the example
and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses
was admonished of God when he was about
to make the tabernacle: for, See, saith' He,
that thou make all things according to the
pattern showed to thee in the mount."
Hebrews 8:1-5.
Everything, even the dress of the priests,
was significant. The people who brought
aRictItom
© NEWTON
their lambs for sacrifice were taught to look
not to the lamb they offered, but to Christ
the true Lamb and His death for man.
We have a description of that beautiful
tabernacle or sanctuary in Hebrews 9:1-3,
6-1o. The two apartments of the tabernacle
were known as the holy place and the most
holy place, and were separated by a curtain,
or veil, interwoven with gold and silver.
In the holy place was the altar of incense,
the golden table of shewbread, and the
seven-branched candlestick. In the most
holy place the only object was the ark of
the covenant, containing the tables of the
Ten Commandments. 'Over the top of the
ark of the covenant was the mercy seat,
where God came to meet with the children
of Israel.
Every day the priests went into the holy
place and ministered the blood for sinners.
Once every year the high priest alone went
into the most holy place to cleanse it from
the record of the sins of the whole year.
Thus, these sacrifices were typical of only
one thing—the salvation which Jesus was
to bring. Not only was Jesus revealed as
the Lamb of God, dying for sins, but as the
High Priest in God's tabernacle of heaven
working out a plan of eternal redemption
for us on the basis of His spilled blood:
SIGNS of the TIMES

•Passover is sacrificed for us."
The Lamb of God shed
His blood for all mankind,
and by His infinite sacri-
fice we are redeeined.
The blood of the lambs
did not save men in those
days, but the faith of the
people was thus pointed to the great Lamb
of God, Jesus Christ. When a man brought
a lamb for a sacrifice, he first laid his hand
upon its head and confessed his sins—show-
ing his faith that God's lamb must bear
his sins. Then he shed its blood! Imagine
how deeply his mind was impressed with
his need of a divine Saviour from heaven!
His faith was not in the blood of animals,
but in the blood of Christ.
The bread upon the golden table repre-
sented Jesus as the Bread of Life. John 6:35.
When the mercy seat was placed over God's
Ten Commandments in the sanctuary, it
pointed to Jesus. God's law, the Ten Com-
mandments, when violated, demands death.
"The wages of sin is death." Romans 6:23.
But between man and the death penalty is
the mercy seat where God, in Christ, ex-
tends mercy to the sinner. And in that
solemn service of the Day of Atonement,
the blood of the lamb was sprinkled on the
mercy seat over the broken law. Thank
God for Jesus as the mercy seat for us!
for APRIL 11, 1944
Paul tells us in Roman 3:25 that Jesus
was the propitiation for our sins, and the
word "propitiation" comes from the Greek
word meaning "mercy seat." Jesus is our
mercy seat.
The Passover was another service which
was an acted prophe.cy of Christ. We read
in 1 Corinthians 5:7: "For even Christ our
Christ was crucified at the time of the
Passover feast and fulfilled this acted
prophecy made nearly fifteen hundred years
before.
The lamb for the Passover was
separated from the flock several days
before it was offered. In John I :
47-54 you will find that Jesus was
marked for death as the Lamb of God
several days before His crucifixion,
and that after He was marked for
death by the high priest He walked
no more openly among the Jews.
According to Mark 15:25, we find
that Jesus was nailed to the cross
about 9 o'clock in the morning. The
Jews had two evenings—one began
at noon, and the other at 6 o'clock.
Some people still say "Good evening"
in the afternoon. It was the same in
the time of Jesus. The lamb was slain
"between the two evenings" (Exo-
dus 12:6, margin), or halfway be-
tween 12 and 6 o'clock, which would
be 3 o'clock. At that time—the ninth
hour—Jesus cried with a loud voice,
"It is finished." John 19:3o; Mat-
thew 27:5o.
"When the loud cry, 'It is finished,'
came from the lips of Christ, the
priests were officiating in
the temple. It was the hour
of the evening sacrifice. The
lamb representing Christ
had been brought to be
slain. Clothed in his , sig-
nificant and beautiful dress,
the priest stood with lifted
knife, as did Abraham when
he was about to slay his son.
With intense interest the
people were looking on. But
the earth trembles and
quakes; for the Lord Himself draws near.
With a rending noise the inner veil of the
temple is torn from top to bottom by an
unseen hand, throwing open to the gaze of
the multitude a place once filled with the
presence of God. In this place the Shekinah
had dwelt. Here God had manifested His
glory above the mercy seat. No one but the
high priest ever lifted the veil separating
this apartment from the rest of the temple.
He entered in once a year to make an atone-
ment for the sins of the people. But lo, this
veil is rent in twain. The most holy place
of the earthly sanctuary is no longer sacred.
"All is terror and confusion. The priest
is about to slay the victim; but the knife
drops from his nerveless hand, and the lamb
escapes. Type has met antitype in the death
of God's Son. The great sacrifice has been
made. The way into the holiest is laid open.
A new and living way is prepared for all.
No longer need sinful, sorrowing humanity
await the coming of the high priest. Hence-
forth the Saviour was to officiate as priest
and advocate in the heaven of heavens. It
was as if a living voice had spoken to the
worshipers There is now an end to all
sacrifices and offerings for sin. The Son of
God is come according to His word, To, I
come (in the volume of the Book it is writ-
ten of Me,) to do Thy will, 0 God: By His
own blood' He entereth 'in once into the
holy place, having obtained eternal redemp-
tion for us,' Hebrews 1o:7; 9: I2."—The
Desire of Ages, pages 756, 757.
All these ancient services pointed for-
ward to Jesus Christ as the Lamb slain. The
trouble with our world today is that it is
getting away from the blood of Christ.
In Exodus 12:46 we are told that not a
bone of the lamb was to be broken. As
Jesus hung upon the cross, crucified be-
tween two thieves, the soldiers came to
break their legs; but when they came to
Jesus and found that He was dead already,
they did not break His legs. John 19:33. So
the Scripture's prophecy was fulfilled—that
not a bone was to be broken. Psalm 34:2o.
Then they pierced His precious side with
a spear, and there came forth blood and
water, showing that He died of mental
anguish—of a broken heart! John 19:34-37.
In every way the Passover lambs pointed
to Christ, but men's eyes were closed lest
they should see, and their ears were stopped
lest they should hear.
Every day the lambs were dying, and the
priests were offering the blood upon the
altar and before the veil of the temple. By
this service God was trying to teach the
Israelites that there was no salvation out-
side the Lord Jesus Christ.
If I had been the only sinner, Jesus would
have come to the cross of Calvary and shed
His blood for me! If you had been the only
lost soul, Christ would have come to Cal-
vary and died as the Lamb—for you!
Yes, the Saviour was willing to shed His
blood for us! And when, by faith, we see
Him on the cross, from the depths of our
hearts comes the response:
I lay my sins on Jesus,
The spotless Lamb of God;
He bears them all, and frees us
From the accursed load;
I bring my guilt to Jesus,
To wash my crimson stains
White in His blood most precious,
Till not a stain remains.
—Horatius Bonar.
Christian Baptism
(Continued from page 3)
deeply impressed and requested baptism.
"And as they went on their way, they came
unto a certain water: and the eunuch said,
See, here is water; what doth hinder me to
be baptized ?"
The record continues: "Philip said, If
thou believest with all thine heart, thou
mayest. And he answered and said, I be-
lieve that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
And he commanded the chariot to stand
still: and they went down both into the
water, both Philip and the eunuch; and he
baptized him. And when they were come
up 'out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord
caught away Philip, that the eunuch saw
(Continued on page 7)
Page Five
 On the Trail of
Tradition4

RISE OF THE

PAPACY
by
HERMAN 0. OLSON GALLOWAY

Modern Rome with the Tiber River in the foreground, Hadrian's tomb on the right,
and the dome of St. Peter's Church in the distance.

ITHIN the clergy there early de- ality in the former capital. The patriarch and is our wish, and honoring your blessed-

W veloped a hierarchal difference of of Constantinople, on the other hand, be-

degree: The powers of the bishops came increasingly dependent on the em-
increased continually. They were exalted peror, and at times even more so on the
ness as a father; we have hastened to bring
to the knowledge of your holiness all mat-
ters relating to the state of the churches.
above the presbyters, and those in certain queen. It having been at all times our great desire
politically or religiously influential cities en- After the empire was divided, Rome be- to preserve the unity of your apostolic chair,
joyed a superiority in dignity over other came the capital of the Western Roman and the constitution of the holy churches
bishops. The one located in the chief city Empire; but in spite of this, the popes con- of God which has obtained hitherto, and
of each province was called the "metropoli- tinued to make their influence carry weight still obtains.
tan," while the name "patriarch," which in the West. They also sought to retain " 'Therefore we have made no delay in
had been applied to all bishops, was applied their power in the East. After the fall of subjecting and uniting to your holiness all
exclusively to those in Rome, Antioch, Alex- Western Rome in 476, the pope at times suf- the priests of the whole East. . . . We can-
andria (at the Council of Nicaea, 325), fered defeats under the invasions of the not suffer that anything which relates to
Constantinople (at the Council of Constan- Goths and other tribes into Italy, but with the state of the church, however manifest
tinople, 381), and Jerusalem (at the Coun- the aid of the eastern emperor these Arian and unquestionable, should be moved,
cil of Chalcedon; 451). hordes were subdued. without the knowledge of your holiness,
In the nomenclature of the West, the Because of the high prestige of the pope who are THE HEAD OF ALL THE HOLY
name "papa" (pope) had also been a gen- of Rome, the emperor also desired to stand CHURCHES, for in all things, as we have
eral title of honor to the bishops, while in in favor with him. He sought, therefore, already declared, we are anxious to increase
the East it was applied only to the bishops to decide the controversy between the patri- the honor and authority of your apostolic
of Alexandria and Rome. In Italy, how- arch of Constantinople and the pope to the chair.' . . .
ever, in the sixth century it began to be advantage of the latter by means of the fol- "The emperor's letter must have been
applied exclusively to the bishop of Rome. lowing letter, which is quoted by George sent before the 25th of March, 533. For, in
After the death of the emperor Theo- Croly: his letter of that date to Epiphanius he
dosius (395) the Roman Empire was di- " 'Justinian, pious, fortunate, renowned, speaks of its having been already dis-
vided in two, the West and .the East, the triumphant, emperor, consul, etc., to John patched, and repeats his decision, that all
latter also called the Greek or Byzantine, the most holy archbishop of our city of affairs touching the church shall be referred
Empire. This political division, and the Rome, and patriarch. to the pope, 'head of all bishops, and the
continual rivalry between the bishops of " 'Rendering honor to the apostolic chair, true and effective corrector of heretics.' "—
Rome and Constantinople for superiority, and to your holiness, as has been always The Apocalypse of St. John, pp. 167, 168,
tended to separate the church of the East 1827 ed.
(also called the Byzantine) from the church "Toward the close of the sixth century,
of the West. The one who exerted the John of Constantinople denied the Roman
greatest influence in giving the church of FILL IN - MAIL TODAY supremacy, and assumed for himself the
the East a distinguishing character from title of universal bishop; whereupon Greg-
that of the church of the West was the em- Date ory the Great, indignant at the usurpation,
peror Justinian I. The Byzantine Church denounced John, and declared, with uncon-
Circulation Dept., PACIFIC PRESS
became limited mainly to Eastern Europe scious truth, that he who would assume the
and Asia Minor. Its distinguishing fea- Mountain View, California title of universal bishop was Antichrist."—
ture was that the emperor became the head PLEASE send the Signs of the Times
Uriah Smith, Daniel and the Revelation,
of the church, and that church and state page 287.
for one year to the following address.
became closely related—caesaropapism. When Gregory the Great was pope (590-
I enclose $1.50 ($2.00 in Canada and
When; about A. D. 330, Constantine 604), he greatly expanded the power and
moved the seat of the empire from Rome foreign). honor of the papacy. In 577 the papal chair
to Constantinople and made this the capi- Name became independent of the emperor. The
tal, it gave the bishop of Rome greater inde- pope soon crowned and excommunicated
pendence and political influence. The Address rulers. He was the real ruler of Rome.
papacy, therefore, developed rapidly in the Pepin the Short, who had placed himself
western part of the empire, and the bishop on the throne of France, conquered the
of Rome became the outstanding person- Lombards who had made conquests in
Page Six SIGNS of the TIMES
Italy. He gave the exarchate to the pope in
756, and thus laid the foundation of the
"states of the church" and the temporal
power of the popes.
The son of Pepin, Charles, known as the
Great, or Charlemagne, expanded and rati-
fied his father's gift. In gratitude for these
favors, Pope Leo III placed on his head the
Roman imperial crown as the king knelt in
St. Peter's Church on Christmas Day, 800.
Some of the archbishops of the West were
reluctant to acknowledge the supremacy of
the pope, but many bishops, priests, and
monks saw an advantage in placing them-
selves directly under the Roman chair in
order to gain greater independence from
their next superior archbishops or bishops.
As the papacy became more ambitious
and involved deeper in secular affairs, it
was felt needful to have documentary sup-
port for its claims. There are two outstand-
ing examples of attempts to manufacture
such evidence. The first is the feigned
"Donation of Constantine," which issued
from certain bishops in France about A. D.
800, and according to which this first Chris-
tian emperor had given to the popes cer-
tain territories in Italy. The second ex-
ample is a collection of ecclesiastical rules,
the Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals. The pur-
pose of this forgery was partly to prove• that
the spiritual power has precedence over the
secular—the priests are the "apple of God's
eye"—and partly to vindicate the position
that in controversies the bishops have a
right to appeal directly to the pope. The
real object was indeed to establish the tem-
poral and spiritual monarchy of the popes.
The first pope who adduced these decretals
in support of his authority was Nicholas I
(858-867). The historians of the time of
the Reformation rejected these fables, the
falsity of which has later been admitted by
the popes. See Loevgren's Kyrkohistoria
(a Swedish church history), pages 99-101;
also Edward Gibbon's History of the De-
cline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ch. 49,
par. 16.
The Eastern Church propagated Chris-
tianity in the Slavic countries, and, there-
fore, the patriarch in Constantinople laid
claim to the highest authority in these as
well as in other sections of the Eastern
Church. In addition to the other subjects
of controversy between the pope and the
patriarch, the latter accused the Christians
of the West of heresy. The pope, Leo IX,
sent messengers to Constantinople to negoti-
ate concerning the matter. As these were
unable to accomplish anything, they placed
on the altar in St. Sophia Church a papal
bull which excommunicated the patriarch,
Michael Cerularius, and his followers. The
patriarch answered by excommunicating
the pope. This completed the separation of
the Church of the East and the Church of
the West, the year being 1054.
By these steps the papacy became firmly
established with its seat of power in the
city of Rome. Kings and emperors bowed
to the decrees of the Roman pontiff, and
the destinies of men seemed to be under
his control.
• The ceremony of baptism represents the
I HAVE seldom known anyone who de-
serted truth in trifles that could be trusted
in matters of importance.—Paley.
for APRIL 11, 1944
An Immortal Soul?
(Continued from page 2)
Christ. Wherein lies the true hope of the
-human race? Says the apostle Paul: "The
wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is
eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord."
Romans 6:23. We have within ourselves no
ethereal substance that lives on and on
through all eternity; our hope for eternal
life is in Jesus Christ our Lord. The future
immortal life is the gift of God to all those
who believe. Thus we can say: "He that
hath the Son hath life; and he that hath not
the Son of God hath not life." I John 5:12.
Christ is man's only way to eternal life.
Without Him there can be no life.
Would you be saved? Would you escape
the punishment of eternal death? Would
you have immortal life? Then accept
Christ. Believe on Him, follow Him; and
all the blessings that go with eternal 'life
will be yours at His second coming, when
the dead shall be raised and the living trans-
lated to meet Him in glory.
Christian Baptism
(Continued from page 5)
him no more: and he went on his way re-
joicing." Acts 2:36-39.
No dOubt is possible concerning •the
mode of baptism used in this experience.
If sprinkling or pouring had been em-
ployed, there would have been small reason
for Philip and the Ethiopian to go "down
both into the water," and "come up out of
the water." Remember, too, that this was a
baptism performed under the direct guid-
ance of the Holy Spirit.
The ministry of the other apostles fol-
lows the same divine pattern as was used
by Philip. It is told of Peter, proclaiming
the gospel for the first time to a company
of Gentiles in the household of Cornelius
at Caesarea, that "he commanded them to
be baptized in the name of the Lord." Acts
10:48.
When Paul and his companion Silas
visited Philippi, they were thrust into
prison; but, as the result of their consecra-
tion to God and His interposition on their
behalf, the jailer was converted, crying out:
"Sirs, what must I do to be saved ?" The
apostles replied: "Believe on the Lord Jesus
Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy
house." Then the jailer "took them the
same hour of the night, and washed their
stripes; and was baptized, he and all his,
straightway." Acts 16:30-33.
Among the many examples of baptism in
New Testament times, we do not find one
example of, or any command concerning,
infant baptism. The Lord has carefully de-
fined those who are to be baptized. They
must be taught the gospel (Matthew 28:
19, 20), believe in Jesus Christ (Acts 8:37),
repent of their sins (Acts 2:38), and be
converted (Acts 3:19). Infants cannot un-
derstand or believe the great truths of sal-
vation.
death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus.
Paul describes it thus:
"Know ye not, that so many of us as
s ,4TIMES
':
SIGNS 6tv
Advocating a return to the simple
gospel of Christ, and a preparation
for His imminent second appearing
. ARTHUR S. MAXWELL
EDITOR . .
ASSOCIATE EDITOR . . MERLIN L. NEFF
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No papers are sent except on paid subscriptions, so
persons receiving the "Signs of the Times" without
having subscribed may feel perfectly free to accept it.
were baptized into Jesus Christ were bap-
tized into His death? Therefore we are
buried with Him by baptism into death:
that like as Christ was raised up from the
dead by the glory of the Father, even so
we also should walk in newness of life. For
if we have been planted together in the like-
ness of His death, we shall be also in the
likeness of His resurrection." Romans
6:3-5.
Baptism is an outward sign of an inward
change of life. The old man dies and is
buried, and the new man lives by the power
of God. Paul, in his letter to the Colossians,
says:
"Buried with Him in- baptism, wherein
also ye are risen with Him through the
faith of the operation of God, who hath
raised Him from the dead." Colossians
2:12.
When we go into the watery grave -of
baptism and are buried with the Master,
we rise to "walk in newness of life." We
become new creatures in Christ Jesus, being
"born again." Sin is cleansed away, and
we inherit the name and all the benefits of
the family of God. Jesus becomes our Elder
Brother, and we are "no more strangers and
foreigners, but fellow citizens with the
saints, and of the household of God." Ephe-
sians 2:19.
Jesus calls upon us today to be baptized
"in the name of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Ghost," and to be adopted
into the family of saints fit to live with Him
throughout eternity. His loving command
comes to us as it did to Saul through the
disciple Ananias: "Now why tarriest thou?
arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy
sins, calling on the name of the Lord."
Acts 22:16.
THE heart of God yearns over His earthly'
children with a love stronger than death.
In giving up His Son, He has poured out to
us all heaven in one gift. The Saviour's life
and death and intercession, the ministry of
angels, the pleading of the Spirit, the Father
working above and through all, the un-
ceasing interest of heavenly beings,—all are
enlisted in behalf of man's redemption.
. . . Shall we not regard the mercy of God?
What more could He do? Let us place our-
selves in right relation to Him who has
loved us with amazing love.—E. G. White.
Page Seven

L N R AT 0 N IE ID
sI walked along a street in my
A home town today, I noticed a
number of women running. Old
women and young women, large women
and small women—all hurrying in the
same direction. They were all going into
'a chain grocery store.
I didn't run, but when I reached the
door of this particular store my curiosity
prompted me to go in, too. The place
was jammed with people. There were
several long lines of customers reaching
from the back of the store up to the cash-
ier's counters.
"Business seems to be good with you
today," I said to the manager, who had
a worried look. "Yes," he replied, "we
got in a few boxes of butter this morn-
ing, and these people are buying their
ration of butter."
We agree that rationing is the only
fair way to divide commodities; yet it
is still a bit irritating to us to think we
can't have everything we want.
However, some blessings are already
coming to us out of this novel situation.
We all have to admit that we have been
extravagant and wasteful, and we are
finding that we can get along on much
less than we once thought possible. A
reduced food intake has proved a bless-
ing in disguise to many, as doctors at
least will agree. We had almost forgot-
ten how to walk, but our legs are getting
qe"'":44 `1‘••••V4 qe••••••WI
by
C. L. PADDOCK
into working order again now that we
can't drive the car every time we want
to go around the block. We shall all be
better off physically for the walking.
It may have been a bit painful to some
to cut down on coffee, but if we are hon-
est with ourselves we will admit we are
better off when we don't drink it.
It was pretty handy to have all the
canned goods we wanted on our shelves,
but our fathers and mothers gOt along
without them, and I suppose we can,
too; at least for a time. •
But while the physical side of this
story isn't as gloomy as we once thought
it might be, the spiritual phase of it is
cheerful as ever. Spiritual blessings are
not rationed. They haven't been and
they never will be.
We should remember that "man shall
not live by bread alone." Our souls need
feeding as well as do our bodies. These
spiritual blessings are not sold in stores
or rationed by governments.
We have been urged to cut down on
our telephone calls, and most of us have
been willing to co-operate; but the lines
to heaven are open day and night, and
`iC•••V4 qe••••••••••"04 `keMP
Never were Bibles as
cheap as they are to-
day. Heaven's best
gifts are free for the
asking.
RINSE?, SLACK STAR
IIC 11-11 IF S
we may pray as much as we like, and as
often as we like. God invites us to
"come" and to "ask," and He promises
to "hear" and to "give." "And all things, 1
whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, believ-
ing, ye shall receive." There are no re-
strictions, no charges. As Christians we
have not lived up to our privileges.
God's word, the food of the soul, is
free and plentiful. Never were Bibles
as cheap as they are today. 'And if any-
one is too poor to buy a copy, one can be
had free. "Thy words were found,-and I
did eat them; and Thy word was unto
me the joy and rejoicing of mine heart."
Jeremiah 15:16. We may eat of this
spiritual food as often as we will. Most
of us have been quite faithful in getting
to the table for our physical food three
times a day, but we have gone long
periods without reading our Bibles.
It seems possible that we may come
through this war period better physically
as a result of the restrictions placed upon
us, and why shouldn't we come out of it
better Christians? We can if we will but
make full use of the unrationed riches of
the grace of God.
"Come ye, buy, and eat; . . . without
money and without price," is the divine
invitation. Isaiah 55:1. No fees. No
coupons. Heaven's best gifts are free for
the asking and free to all. Let us take
them while we may.
q‘••••••V `44r '''''''''