428

.6
056
2001

Gen Coli
Introduction ................................................................................................... v
Stories, Information, Exercises:
NOTE: (7) Stars indicate level of difficulty: one star (*) is the easiest, and three stars the most difficult.
(2) Since most of the stories in Ontario Reader are adapted from newspapers and magazines,
the capitalization in story titles follows the style of those publications.

Canadian Dream: An immigrant's rise to be Governor General *** ............... 1

Adrienne Clarkson * ....................................................................................... 1
Marathon of Hope: How one brave, young man inspired a nation ** ............ 3
Terry Fox * ..................................................................................................... 3
2000 Olympic Summer Games ** ................................................................. 5
Wrestling champion *** ............................................................................... 7
Daniel Igali * .................................................................................................. 7
Ontario's Cities: Ottawa *** ......................................................................... 9
Pierre Trudeau: A great Canadian leader passes away *** ........................... 11
Pierre Trudeau: 1919-2000 * ....................................................................... 11
Canada's constitution *** ........................................................................... 1 3
Levels of government in Canada ** ............................................................. 13
Federal Election 2000: Liberals win majority government ** ........................ 15
Canada's Prime Ministers * .......................................................................... 15
Ontario Government: Who's in power? ** ................................................... 17
Local Government: Municipal elections 2000 ** ......................................... 1 7
Ontario balances budget *** ...................................................................... 19
Ontario's Cities: Toronto ** ........................ ~ ................................................ 21
Kensington Market: The world within a few blocks ** ................................. 23
Diversity: This is what "Canadian" looks like *** ......................................... 25
Sultan of Somosas * and *** ........................................................................ 27
Long road to career *** .............................................................................. 29
Web site for newcomers *** ....................................................................... 31
Teens on the Net ** .................................................................................... 33
Job-hunting online *** ............................................................................... 33
How much do Canadians make? ** ............................................................. 35
Your rights at work *** ............................................................................... 37
Great minds look alike * ............................................................................... 39
High school in Ontario *** ......................................................................... 39
- Continued next page

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 4D

 CONTENTS - continued

High Achiever: Scholarship winner overcame many disadvantages ** ......... 41

Financial help for students *** .................................................................... 41
Yard Sales: Front lawns become weekend bargain centres ** ...................... 43
Canadian weddings *** .............................................................................. 45
Getting married the tradItional way ** ........................................................ 47
Winter Sports: Hockey ** ............................................................................ 49
Winter Sports: Curling ** ............................................................................ 49
The Great One hangs up his skates ** ......................................................... 51
Wayne Gretzky * .......................................................................................... 51
Heart of Gold: Canadian curling champion loses her life to cancer ** .......... 53
Sandra Schmirler: 1963-2000 * ................................................................... 53
Ontario's Cities: Windsor *** ...................................................................... 55
Auto Capital * .............................................................................................. 55
Black History Month ** ............................................................................... 57
Refugee Claim: Mother of five pleads to stay in Canada ** .......................... 59
Canada helps refugees from Kosovo ** ....................................................... 61
Difficult decision ** ..................................................................................... 61
Canada - Rich in resources ** .................................................................... 63
Water: Canada's most precious resource *** ............................................... 65
Algonquin Provincial Park * and *** ........................................................... 67
Hungry bears scare cottagers *** ............................................................... 69
Fisher's Delight: Ontario inventor creates eye-catching new bait ** ............. 71
Fishing in Ontario ** ................................................................................... 71
Stormy weather ** ...................................................................................... 73
Giant pumpkins in Port Elgin * ..................................................................... 75
Scary pumpkins ** ...................................................................................... 75
Caribana: Toronto's biggest street party * .................................................... 77
Multicultural holidays - 2001 * .................................................................. 79
Ha"nukkah * .................................................................................................. 79
Dates to remember * ................................................................................... 81
Holiday season * .......................................................................................... 81
Teacher's Guide .......................................................................................... 83
Answer Key ................................................................................................. 91
Order Form ................................................................................................. 96

48 ONTARIO READER • 2007

 CANADIAN DREAM
An immigrant's rise to be Governor General
** Adrienne Clarkson is Canada's Governor
General. Her story is an immigrant's dream.
Clarkson came to Canada in 1942 at age
three. She and her family were refugees from
Hong Kong. Their new life began in a small
apartment in a poor part of Ottawa. They
worked hard to fit in and to excel.
Clarkson was an exceptional student. She
earned a master's degree from the University
of Toronto, and studied at the Sorbonne in
Paris. Later, she had successful careers as a
writer, publisher, diplomat, film director, and
television producer. She won many awards for
her work in the arts.
In 1999, Prime Minister Jean Chretien chose
Clarkson to be Governor General of Canada.
Her 92-year-old father, Neville Poy, watched
the official ceremony with tears in his eyes.
Clarkson is proud of her immigrant roots.
At her ceremony, she described Canada as a
progressive, caring country. She said Canada
was built on the French, English and Aboriginal
cultures. Now, it is expanding to include
people of all colours and religions. Immigrant
* Adrienne Clarkson became the Governor
General of Canada on October 7, 1999.
parents like her own are "dreaming their
children into being Canadians." Born: Hong Kong, 1939.
Early years: Came to Canada in 1942.
LIFE AS GOVERNOR GENERAL
Grew up in Ottawa.
Canada's Head of State is Queen Elizabeth II.
Her representative in Canada is the Governor University: Studied at the University of
General. The Queen and Governor General Toronto, and at the Sorbonne in Paris.
are symbolic leaders. Their roles are mostly Languages: Fluent in French, English,
ceremonial. and Italian. Speaks some Spanish and
Adrienne Clarkson is Canada's 26th Cantonese.
Governor General. She is the first immigrant
and second woman to hold this position. Careers: Successful writer, film director,
Clarkson's life is busy. She presides over and television producer.
more than 400 public events a year including Family: Husband, John Ralston Saul.
visits from world leaders. She travels a lot in
Canada and abroad. Residence: The Governor General has
Her official title is "Her Excellency the two official residences - Rideau Hall in
Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson." Ottawa, and another residence in
But in informal situations, she is called Quebec City.
"Madame Clarkson."

ONTARIO READER • 2001 •

 TRUE OR FALSE? Check answer key on page C ? KEYWORDS
Write T (true) or F (false). If the sentence is false, correct it. NOUN VERB
~Ho~gKong awards eamed
1. _F_ Adrienne Clarkson was born in Cafla(!.a. careers excel
2. She came to Canada as a refugee. ceremony
dream ADJECTIVE
3. She grew up in a rich part of Ottawa. roots exceptional
title proud
4. Clarkson was a very good student.
NOTE: The key words are written as
S. She had many successful careers. they are in the story.
Check answer key on page 92.
6. In 1999, she became the Governor General.
Use the correct key word.
7. Her 92-year-old father was at the ceremony.
1. Clarkson's story is an
8. Clarkson is the Queen's representative in Canad2. immigrant's dream
9. She is the second immigrant to be Governor General. 2. She worked hard to fit in
10. Her life is busy. and to' _ _ _ _ __

11. Her official title is "Madame Clarkson." 3. She did very well at school.
She was an _ _ _ _ __
12. She has official residences in Ottawa and Toronto. student.
4. She studied hard and
- - - - - - a master's
III CHECK THE GRAMMAR Check answers on page 7. degree at university.
Correct the mistake in the underlined verbs. S. She had successful
is _ _ _ _ _ _ asa
1. Adrienne Clarkson be Canada's Governor General.
writer and publisher.
2. Her story are an immigrant's dream 6. She won many _ _ __
3. Clarkson comes to Canada in 1942. for her work in the arts.

4. She and her family was refugees from Hong Kong. 7. When she became
Governor General, her
S. Their new life begin in a poor part of Ottawa. father watched the official
6. They were work hard to fit in and to excel.
8. He was very _ _ _ __
7. Clarkson study at the Sorbonne in Paris. of his daughter.
8. She win Il).any awards for her work in the arts. 9. Clarkson's official
is "Her Excellency the
9. In 1999, Chretien choose her to be Governor General. Right Honourable Adrienne
10. Clarkson's life be busy. Clarkson. "

11. She travel a lot in Canada and abroad. 10. She is proud of her
immigrant _ _ _ _ __
12. She have two official residences .

• ONTARIO READER • 2007

 Marathon of Hope
How one brave, young man inspirea a nation
** Terry Fox died in 1981. He was only 22
years old. Although his life was short, his
memory still inspires millions of people
around the world.
In 1977, Fox was a university student in
British Columbia when he became sick with
bone cancer. Doctors had to amputate most
of his right leg. While he was recovering, he
saw the life and death struggles of people with
cancer. He wanted to do something to help.
He came up with the idea of the "Marathon
of Hope" - a run across Canada to raise
money for cancer research.
Fox practised running with his artificial leg.
After months of training, he was ready to go.
On April 12, 1980, he set out from St. John's
Newfoundland. He ran an average of 40
kilometres every day, seven days a week. He
started at 4:30 in the morning, rain or shine.
He began the Marathon of Hope almost
unnoticed, but the pUblicity grew as he
moved through Quebec. When he arrived in
Toronto, ten thousand people cheered him.
Boris SpremolToronto Stor
Canadians watched his progress on television
with great interest. They were moved by his * Terry Fox is a Canadian hero.
courage and determination. When he was 19, Fox had cancer.
Just outside Thunder Bay, Ontario, Fox had Doctors had to cut off most of his right leg.
to stop his run. He tearfully announced that Fox lost his leg, but not his spirit. He
the cancer had come back and spread to his wanted to run across Canada. He called
lungs. Within 11 months, he was dead. his run the "Marathon of Hope."
Terry Fox's accomplishment was truly For many months, he practised running
extraordinary. He ran 5,373 kilometres in 143 with an artificial leg. Finally, on April 12,
days. He raised $25 million for cancer research. 1980, he was ready to go. He started in
And he became a Canadian hero. St. John's, Newfoundland. He ran about
40 kilometres a day. Canadians watched
THE DREAM LIVES ON
him on TV. They admired his courage.
The Terry Fox story is not over. Every year,
Canadians and people in 54 other countries Fox ran 5,373 kilometres in 143 days.
around the world participate in the Terry Fox Then, near Thunder Bay, Ontario, he had
Run. They walk or run to raise money for to stop. The cancer was back. He died 11
cancer research. months later in New Westminster, B.C.
The first Terry Fox Run was in 1981. Since Because of Terry Fox, people gave
then, it has raised a quarter of a billion dollars. $25 million for cancer research.

ONTARIO READER· 2001 •

 PUT IT IN ORDER Check answers on page 3. KEYWORDS
Number these sentences in the correct order. NOUN VERB

o Canadians watched his progress on T.V.

accomplishment amputate

o He came up with the idea for the Marathon of Hope.

cancer
courage
died
inspires

o Within 11 months, he was dead.

death
hero
raised
ADJECTIVE

D He became sick with bone cancer.

memory extraordinary

o He practised running with his artificial leg.

NOTE: The key words are written as
they are in the story.

D He set out from St. John's, Newfoundland.

Check answer key on page 92 for D and E.

[JJ Fox was a university student in British Columbia. mUse the correct key word.
o Just outside Thunder Bay, he had to stop his run.
1. Fox's memory inspires

o Doctors had to amputate most of his right leg.

millions of people around
the world.
2. People admired Terry Fox.
II PASTTENSE Check answers on page 3. He was a Canadian _ _
Write the past form of these verbs in the blanks. 3. Fox was determined and
Regular verbs: die, practise, want, watch unafraid. He had a lot of
Irregular verbs: become, begin, have, run, see
1. In 1977, Terry Fox became sick with bone cancer. 4. His run _ _ _ __
2. He the struggles of people with cancer. $25 million for cancer
3. Fox ______ to do something to help. research.
4. He running with his artificial leg. 5. Fox ofcance~
5. He his run almost unnoticed. 11 months after his run.
6. He 40 kilometres a day.
7. Canadians him on T.V. Word Clues
8. Near Thunder Bay, he to stop. Which key word is it?
9. He 11 months later in New Westminster. 1. a deadly disease cancer
Try this! Find three more regular, and three more irregular 2. opposite of life _ _ __
past tense verbs in the stories on page 3.
3. achievement - - - - -
61 FINISH THE SENTENCE Check answer key on page 92. 4. cut off
Use "wanted to" or "had to" and a verb. 5. exceptional _ _ _ __
1. Terry Fox _--,-,w=-=a~n=te=d::...t=-=o;..,..:d=o~_ something to help. 6. something you remember
2. Doctors most of Fox's right leg.
3. Fox across Canada.
4. He money for cancer research.
5. When the cancer came back, he his run.

e ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 2000
OLYMPIC
SUMMER GAMES
** Faster. Higher. Stronger. That was
the goal of thousands of athletes at
the 2000 Olympic Summer Games.
The Games were in Sydney,
Australia, from September 15 to
October I, 2000. More than 10,000
athletes competed in many different
sports. They came from 199 countries.
Canada sent 311 athletes to the
Games. They won 14 medals: 3 gold, SILVER SMILES: Canadians Emilie Heymans, left, and Anne
3 silver, and 8 bronze. Montminy won silver medals in synchronized 7O-metre diving.
th
Canada's achievement ranked 18
in the world. The United States was CANADA'S MEDALS
first with 97 medals, and Russia was MEDAL EVENT ATHLETE
second with 88. Australia, the host Tennis doubles D. Nestor, S. Lareau
country, came fourth with 58 medals. . ...........
GOLD Triathalon Simon Whitfield
There were some exciting
competitions at the Games. More Wrestling (69 kg) Daniel Igali
than four billion people around the Judo Nicolas Gill
world watched on television. For
viewers in Ontario, there was a 15-
SILVER .K~~a~ ~~O~ .~) Caroline Brunet

hour time difference. For example, Synchronized diving Montminy, Heymans

if it was noon on Monday in Sydney, .Canoe
. . . .(1000
..... m). Steve Giles
it was 9 p.m. on Sunday in Toronto.
D.iv.i~g. (~~-r:n 'p~a~<?rr:n~ ~~~e. ~~~tr:n!n>,
The next Summer Olympic Games
will be in Athens in 2004. Toronto BRONZE R?,-:"i.n~ .(VY<?n:~n.'s. 8) ~i~~t. t~~n:t ~.e~.b~r.s
wants to be the host of the 2008 .S~~c~~o.ni.z~~ ~~i,:,~.i~g ~i~~t. t~~n:t ~.e~.b~r.s
Games, but faces stiff competition .S~i.~~i~Q (~~O.-~ ~e?I~y! ~~r:ti~ ~'y?~n.
from Paris and Beijing.
!~e.k~?~~o. (pl.u~ ~~ ~Q) ~?r:n!n.i9u~ .B?~s~~~
!~a~'p?I!n.e .(~?,:,~~'s) Caroline Cockburn
.,
Trampoline (men's) Mathieu Turgeon
'.'
'.',

• Canada'sfi;stgbldmedal at the Gall1es was in the men's t~iathalon. Simon Whitfield, 25,
was the winner. ,He'strom Kingston, Ontario. In triathalon, the competitors swim for 1.5 km,
cycle for 40 km~' and run' for 10 km. Whitfield's time was 1 hour, 48 minutes,24 seconds.
• Daniellgali of Surrey, B.C., also won gold. He was undefeated inwrestling in the 69-kg class.
• Canada's third gold medal was in the men's tennis doubles. Daniel Nestor of Toronto, and
Sebastien Lareau of Boucherville, Quebec, beat two Australians in the final match.

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •

 EI CHECK THE FACTS Check answers on page 5. KEYWORDS
Each sentence has one word or fact that is not correct. NOUN VERB
Find the mistake and correct it. Aus t ra /.la athletes competed
competition ranked
1. The 2000 Summer Olympic Games were in ~a.
competitors won (win)
2. Athletes came from 199 different cities. goal ADJECTIVE
host exciting
3. Canadian athletes lost 14 medals.
winner undefeated
4. Russia ranked first in the world. NOTE: The key words are written as they are in
the story. For 0, check answer key on page 92.
S. More than four million people watched the Games on TV.
6. There was a IS-minute time difference for viewers in Ontario. m Use the correct key word.
7. The next Summer Olympics will be in Beijing. 1. More than 10,000 athletes
8. Toronto wants to be the host of the 2012 Olympics. were at the 2000 Olympic
Summer Games.
9. Canada won gold medals in triathalon, tennis, and judo.
2. They _ _ _ _ _ __
in many different sports.
mQUESTIONS Check answer key on page 92. 3. The _ _ _ _ _ of
Use one of these words to make a question: Was, Were, Did the athletes was to win
Then ask a partner the questions. a medal.
1. Were the 2000 Olympic Games in Australia? Yes 4. Canadian athletes _ __
18th in the world.
2. ____ more than 10,000 athletes compete at the Games?
S. They _ _ _ _ _ a total
3. Russia win 88 medals?
of 14 medals.
4. Russia first in the world?
6. Simon Whitfield was the
S. Australia come second? _ _ _ _ _ _ of the
men's triathalon.
6. ____ a lot of people watch the Games on TV?
7. In triathalon, _ _ _ __
7. the competitions exciting?
swim, cycle, and run.
8. Simon Whitfield the winner in men's tennis?
8. Daniel Igali didn't lose any
9. Daniel Igali win a gold medal in wrestling? wrestling matches. He was

9. The Games were _ __

[i TRY THIS! to watch on T.V.
1. Write five questions about the chart "Canada's Medals."
Use was, were, or did. Then ask a partner your questions. 10. Toronto wants to be the
_ _ _ _ _ of the 2008
Examples: Did Canada win a gold medal in wrestling?
Was Nicholas Gill a silver-medal winner in Judo? Summer Games.

2. Imagine you are a journalist. Write five questions you 11. It faces stiff _ _ _ __
would like to ask Simon Whitfield or one of the other from Paris and Beijing.
Canadian athletes .

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7

WRESTLING C
** Born in Nigeria. Made in Canada. That's
how Olympic gold-medalist, Daniel Igali,
describes himself.
Igali, 26, is a new sports hero for his adopted
country of Canada. At the 2000 summer
Olympics he won a gold medal in free-style
wrestling in the 69-kilogram class. He also
won the world championship in 1999.
These achievements did not come easily for
Igali. He grew up in a family of 21 children in a
poor Nigerian village. For breakfast, he shared
one egg with three of his brothers and sisters.
But he felt lucky. All around him were other
families with much less. Igali says his hard
childhood made him tough. He learned early
how to compete -and to wrestle.
In 1994, Igali represented Nigeria at the
Commonwealth Games in Victoria. There, he
made the difficult decision not to return home.
Dale Brazoo/Toronco Star
He requested refugee status in Canada.
His first days in Canada were very difficult. He
was penniless and terribly lonely. His closest friend's
* Daniel Igali is a Canadian amateur
wrestler. He won a gold medal at the
mother-in-law, Maureen Metheney, took him in. She 2000 Olympics. He is also the world
encouraged him and shared his hopes and dreams. champion in the 69-kilogram class.
His goal from the beginning was to wrestle and win
Igali is from Nigeria. He came to
medals for Canada.
Canada as a refugee in 1994. He is
In 1997, Igali enrolled at Simon Fraser University.
There he met his two coaches, Dave McKay and very proud of his new country.
Mike Jones. Igali credits them for his success in When he won the Olympic gold
wrestling. When he arrived in Canada, he had raw medal, he said, "This is the best
talent, but poor technique. He also had little belief country in the world."
in himself. His coaches built his confidence and Igaii grew up in a poor family of
wrestling skills. 21 children. He arrived in Canada
In competition, the 5-foot, 6-inch (1.68 m) with no money. He met friends who
muscular Igali intimidates his opponents with his helped him. At university, he met his
agility and power. He is ferocious and fast. When wrestling coaches. They helped him
he's not wrestling, he is charming and has a great become a better wrestler.
sense of humour. He is a hard worker and a leader. Igali is a strong, fierce wrestler.
Despite his 'success, he is not rich. He lives in a He is also a gentle and charming
basement apartment in Surrey, B.C., and sends
person.
money to help his family in Nigeria.
Igali lives in Surrey, British
At the Olympics, Igali won Canada's first-ever
gold medal in wrestling. After his victory, he kissed Columbia. He wants to finish his
the Canadian flag. "I wouldn't be here if not for university degree and win more
Canada," he said to the TV camera. "This is the best medals for Canada.
country in the world."

ONTARIO READER· 2001 •

 B WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Answers on page 7

Answer the questions. Write on a separate piece of paper. NOUN VERB

1. How old is Daniel Igali? belief credits
Daniel Iga/i is 26 years old. confidence encouraged
decision grew up (grow)
2. Where was he born?
power
3. What weight class does he wrestle in? opponents ADJECTIVE
4. How many children were in his family? talent fierce
5. When did he come to Canada? victory lucky
6. Who helped him when he first came to Canada? Answer key

7. Where did Igali meet his coaches? iii Substitution: Replace the
8. How did his coaches help him? underlined word with a key
word that means the same.
9. What is IgaU's opinion of Canada?
1. At first, Daniel Igali had
1m WHAT'S THE QUESTION? Answer key
little ~ in his abilities.
belief
Make a question for each of these sentences. 2. He had a lot of natural
1. Daniel Igali is 1.68 m tall (How?) ability. but poor technique.
How tall is Daniel/gali? 3. His coaches built his belief
2. He lives in Surrey, B.C. (Where?) in himself.
3. He wants to win more medals. (What?) 4. Igali praises his coaches for
4. He grew up in a poor Nigerian village. (Where?) their help.
5. His childhood was hard. (How?) 5. His friend, Maureen
6. He felt very lonely during his first days in Canada. (How?) Metheney, supported him,
7. He enrolled at university in 1997. (When?) and shared his dreams.
8. His coaches are Dave McKay and Mike Jones. (Who?) 6. After his win at the
9. He won the world championship in 1999. (When?) Olympics, Igali kissed the
Canadian flag.
61 HOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? 7. Igali is a ferocious wrestler.
Write the correct word in the blank. Answers in "Daniellgali," page 7
8. He intimidates his
Daniel Igali is a Canadian amateur wrestler . He won competitors with his agility
a gold at the 2000 Olympics. He is also the and strength.
world in the 69-kilogram class.
9. Igali was raised in a poor
Igali is Nigeria. He to Canada as family of 21 children.
a refugee in 1994. He is very of his new country.
When he the Olympic gold medal, he said, 10. Igali had a hard childhood,
but he feels fortunate.
"This is the best country in the world."
Igali grew up in a poor of 21 children. He 11. In 1994, he made the
arrived in Canada with no . He met friends who difficult choice not to
helped . At university, he his wrestling return to Nigeria.
coaches. They him become a better wrestler.

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 ONTARIO'S CITIES

o !u!e·~~omes the nation'

Peace Tower
*** Ottawa is the capital of Canada. Situated on the centrepiece
Ontario's eastern boundary with Quebec, the city is of Canada's
a blend of French and English cultures. Parliament
Ottawa began as a lumber town in the early 1800s. Buildings.
Today, it is a centre of government and high-technology
industry. It is also a major tourist destination, with more
than five million visitors a year.
Ottawa's main attraction is Parliament Hill- the heart
of Canada's government. The Parliament Buildings sit
majestically on a cliff overlooking the Ottawa River.
The city's many museums, historic buildings, and
monuments are also popular with visitors.
Surrounded by beautiful parks, Ottawa is one of the
greenest capitals in the world. With an average winter
temperature of -10 0 Celcius, it is also one of the coldest.
EARLY DAYS
The Ottawa region's early history and economy
depended very much on the mighty Ottawa River.
The river was a water highway for native peoples for
thousands of years. When the Europeans arrived, they
used the river as a route for the fur trade. Later, the river
transported logs to Ottawa's booming lumber industry. • Ottawa's population is 323,000.
The first European to come to the Ottawa region was The population of the region is
the French explorer, Etienne Brult\ in 1610. about 1,000,000. It is Canada's
Almost two hundred years later, Philemon Wright set up fourth largest metropolitan area.
a lumber mill on the north shore of the Ottawa River in • Almost half of Ottawa's residents
1806. This site is now the city of Hull, Quebec. are bilingual (English and French).
In 1826, Colonel John By started the construction of • The average household income
the Rideau Canal. His camp on the south shore of the is about $56,000 a year.
Ottawa River became the village of By town. The 202-
kilometre canal was completed in 1832. It created a link • The average cost of a house
to Kingston on the St. Lawrence River. It also brought is $133,084.
more settlement, trade, and expansion of the lumber • The average temperature in
industry. In 1855, the region was a major lumber the winter is -10° Celcius. In the
producer. By town had a population of 10,000, and summer, it's 21 ° Celcius.
its name was changed to Ottawa.
• "Ottawa" comes from an abori-
In 1857, Queen Victoria chose Ottawa to be the capital
ginal word that means "to trade."
of the United Provinces of Canada. Her decision created
a controversy. Cities like Kingston and Toronto were • Construction of the Parliament
very upset. In their opinion, Ottawa was a backwoods Buildings was finished in 1866. In
town with a reputation for drinking and fighting. 1916, a fire destroyed most of the
Ten years later, Ottawa became the capital of the new buildings. They had to be rebuilt.
country of Canada.

ONTARIO READER • 200 1 •

 YES OR NO? Answer key
Answer these questions, or ask a partner the questions. NOUN VERB
blend began (begin)
1. Is Ottawa the capital of Ontario? ~
capital built (build)
2. Do a lot of tourists visit Ottawa? _ _ expansion chose (choose)
3. Are Canada's Parliament Buildings in Ottawa? _ _ history completed
lumber linked
4. Does Ottawa have a lot of parks? _ _ region ADJECTIVE
5. Were Europeans the first people in the Ottawa region? __ trade major
bilingual
6. Was the lumber industry important for Ottawa? _ _
Answer key
7. Does the Rideau Canal link Ottawa to Toronto?
Definitions: Match each
8. Did the Queen chose Ottawa to be the capital? _ _ key word with a definition.
9. Was Toronto happy about her decision? _ _ 1. wood that is prepared for
use as a building material
III MATCH IT UP Answers on page 9 lumber
(a) Timelines: Match the date with the correct event. 2. city that is the centre of
1610 1. Bytown became the city of Ottawa. government _ _ _ __
2. The Rideau Canal was completed. 3. record of past events
1806 3. Ottawa became the capital of the new
country of Canada.
1826
4. Colonel John By started building the 4. able to speak two languages
1832 Rideau Canal.
5. The first European, Etienne Brule, arrived
in the Ottawa region. 5. constructed _ _ _ __
1855
6. A fire destroyed most of the Parliament 6. connected
1857 Buildings.
7. Construction of the Parliament Buildings 7. main, important _ _ __
1866 was finished.
8. Philemon Wright built a lumber mill on 8. selected
1867
the Ottawa River. 9. growth, increasing in size
1916 9. The Queen chose Ottawa to be the capital
of the United Provinces of Canada.
10. mixture, combination
(b) Facts & Figures: Match the number with the explanation.

323,000 1. Average winter temperature in Ottawa 11. buying and selling

$56,000 2. Average cost of a house in Ottawa

12. started
$133,084 3. Average household income in Ottawa
13. finished
1,000,000 4. Population of Ottawa region 14. area _ _ _ _ _ _ __
-100 5. Population of Ottawa

e ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 Pierre Trudeau
A GREAT CANADIAN LEADER PASSES AWAY
*** Pierre Elliott Trudeau, former Prime Minister of
Canada, died at his home in Montreal on September 28,
2000. His death saddened Canadians from coast to coast.
For almost 20 years, Trudeau dominated Canadian
politics. He was a strong leader with a vision of a just
and compassionate Canada. He was popular and
admired, but he was also controversial and disliked.
Trudeau was born in Montreal in 1919. His father
was a wealthy French Canadian businsessman, and his
mother was of Scottish ancestry. He grew up in Quebec
and later studied at Harvard and the London School of
Economics. He also travelled the world in his youth.
When he returned to Quebec, Trudeau worked to bring
social and political change to the province. He opposed
Quebec separatism. He believed, instead, in a united
Canada where the French and English were equal.
In 1965, Trudeau joined the federal Liberal Party and
was elected to Parliament. Three years later, he won
the leadership of the Liberal Party. He was sworn in as
Canada's 15th Prime Minister on April 20, 1968.
This began a period of intense "Trudeau-mania."
Trudeau was extremely popular, especially with young
people. He was frequently in the media with celebrities * Pierre Trudeau was a famous
Prime Minister of Canada.
and world leaders. In the next election, Trudeau and
his Liberal Party won by a majority. Born: 1919 in Montreal, Quebec.
In 1971, Canada's bachelor prime minister married Died: Sept. 28, 2000, at age 80.
22-year-old Margaret Sinclair. Their marriage was stormy
and often in the news. It ended in separation in 1977, Parents: His father was French
with divorce several years later. Trudeau kept custody Canadian. His mother's family
of their three sons: Justin, Sacha, and Michel. was from Scotland.
Education: He studied law and
NEW CONSTITUTION
economics at university.
Trudeau was Prime Minister for 15 years (1968-79 and
1980-84). He had many political achievements. Some Political career: He joined the
of them were bitterly opposed. One of his greatest Liberal Party in 1965. He became
accomplishments was bringing home the constitution. Canada's 15 th Prime Minister (PM)
Until 1982, any changes to Canada's constitution had in 1968. He was PM for 15 years.
to be approved by the British government. Trudeau was Family: He married Margaret
determined to change that. After fierce federal-provincial Sinclair in 1971. They had 3 sons.
battles, the Constitution Act became law on April 17,
Achievements: He gave Canada
1982. It allowed Canada to make its own constitutional
its constitution and the Charter
changes. It also included the Charter of Rights and
of Rights and Freedoms.
Freedoms, to protect the rights of individual Canadians.
Pierre Trudeau had a long, distinguished career as a Vision: Trudeau wanted a just
writer, lawyer, and politician. He was one of the most and compassionate Canada.
remarkable Canadians of the 20th century.

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 4D

 PUT IT IN ORDER Answers on page 11
Number these sentences in the correct order. NOUN VERB

D Trudeau died on September 28,2000.

leader
media
allowed
dominated
D He became Canada's 15th Prime Minister. politics
vision
opposed
passed away
OJ Trudeau was born in Montreal in 1919. ADJECTIVE ADVERB

D He studied at Harvard and travelled around the world.

famous
popular
frequently
extremely
D He joined the federal Liberal Party Answer key

D He grew up in Quebec.
B Substitution: Replace the
underlined word with a key
D He returned to Quebec. word that means the same.
D He married Margaret Sinclair. 1. Trudeau was the ~der
h d of
the Canadian government.
D He brought home the constitution.
2. He had a dream of a just
and compassionate Canada.
mMISSING VERBS Answers in "New Constitution" on page 11 3. He was a well-known person.
Write the correct form of these verbs in the blanks. 4. He was often in the news.
Some verbs are used more than once.
5. He was a well-liked leader.
be, become, change, have, include, make, protect
6. He was against Quebec
Trudeau l._--,-"w-",a~s _ _ Prime Minister for 15 years. separatism.
He 2:----- many political achievements. Some of 7. He was very determined
to change the constitution.
them 3 bitterly opposed. One of his greatest
8. His ideas were often
accomplishments 4 bringing home the
opposed by Quebec.
constitution. Until 1982, any changes to Canada's
9. The new law permitted
constitution 5 to be approved by the British Canada to change its
government. Trudeau 6 determined to 7----
constitution.
that. After fierce federal-provincial battles, the Constitution 10. Trudeau strongly influenced
Canadian politics.
Act 8 law on April 17, 1982. It allowed Canada
11. He died on Sept. 28, 2000.
to 9 - - - - - its own constitutional changes. It also
10f------- the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to mWord Family
11---- the rights of individual Canadians. politics, politician, political
Pierre Trudeau 12:----- a long, distinguished career Pierre Trudeau was a 1 - - -
He dominated Canadian
as a writer, lawyer, and politician. He 13 one of 2 for almost 20
the most remarkable Canadians of the 20th century. years. He had many
: - - - - - achieve men ts.

4D ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 CANADA'S CONSTITUTION
*** July I, 1867, was Confederation Day. On that day, the
British North America (BNA) Act became law. It joined four
British colonies into the country of Canada. Those colonies
were Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
The BNA Act was Canada's constitution - the system of laws
and rules of the government. It established a political system
called federalism. Under federalism, there is a national or federal
government. Each province also has its own government. The
BNA Act defined the responsibilities of the federal and provincial
governments. Some responsibilities are shared by both levels
of government.
Canada could not change the BNA Act without the approval Canadian Coat of Arms
of the British Parliament. In 1982, the new Constitution Act
changed that. It allowed the Canadian Parliament and the provincial governments to change
the constitution. All of the provinces, except Quebec, signed the Constitution Act. Quebec did
not like the terms. Since then, the federal government and all the provinces including Quebec
have tried many times to agree on a constitution. But they have always failed.

LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT IN CANADA

. FEDERAL

** Head of state: The Queen.
Her representative is the
Governor General, Adrienne
Clarkson.
Head of government: Prime
Minister (PM), the leader of
the political party with the
most support in Parliament.
The PM is Jean Chretien,
leader of the Liberal Party.
Elected representatives:
301 Members of Parliament
(MP). They meet in the House
of Commons, Ottawa.
Responsibilities: Areas that
affect all of Canada, including
national defence, foreign
policy, and citizenship.
Information: Federal offices
are listed in the blue pages
of the phone book. Also call:
1-800-667-3355. Internet:
<http://canada.gc.ca> .
Queen's representative:
Lieutenant Governor. In
Ontario, it's Hilary Weston.
Head of government: Premier,
the leader of the political party
with the most support in the
Legislature. In Ontario, it's
Mike Harris, leader of the
Progressive Conservative Party.
Elected representatives: In
OntariO, there are 103 Members
of Provincial Parliament (MPP).
They meet in the Legislature
at Queen's Park, Toronto.
Responsibilities: Areas such
as education, health care, and
highways. Provinces share
some responsibilities with
the federal government.
Information: Blue pages of the
phone book. Also call Citizens
Inquiry Bureau: 1-800-268-7095.
Internet: <http://gov.on.ca>.
The government of cities and
towns. It is also called "local"
government. In Ontario,
there are 500 municipalities.
Head of government: Mayor.
Elected representatives:
Councillors. They meet at
City Hall.
Responsibilities: Some
examples are water, police,
fire department, ambulance,
garbage collection, parks and
recreation.
Information: Blue pages of
the phone book.

ONTARIO READER· 2007 4D

 mTRUE OR FALSE? Answer key

Canada's Constitution: NOUN VERB

constitution agree
1. _F_ July 1, 1967 was Confederation Day. federalism established
2. _ _ Four colonies joined into the country of Canada. laws failed
3. The four colonies included British Columbia. ADJECTIVE joined
federal signed
4. The BNA Act was Canada's first constitution. municipal tried
5. It established a political system called federalism. provincial
Answer key
6. Under this system, Canada and the provinces
have their own governments. Use the correct key word.
7. Before 1982, Canada could not change its 1. The government of Canada
constitution without Britain's approval. is the federal government.
8. Today, the Canadian Parliament and the provinces 2. The government of Ontario
can change the constitution. is a government.
9. All the provinces signed the Constitution Act. 3. The government of Toronto
is a government.
Levels of Government in Canada:
4. The federal government
1. Canada's head of state is the Prime Minister. makes for the
2. Canada's head of Government is the Premier. whole country.
3. Federally elected representatives are called MPs. 5. Canada's _ _ _ sets out
4. They meet in the House of Commons in Ottawa. the rules of government.

5. Ontario's elected representatives are called MPPs. 6. Canada's political system is

caUed _ _ __
6. They meet in the Legislature at Queen's Park, Toronto.
7. The BNA Act _ _ __
7. Citizenship is a provincial responsibility. Canada's federal system
8. Education is a municipal responsibility. of government.
9. Garbage collection is a federal responsibility. 8. The BNA Act _ _ __
four colonies into one
country.
iii COMPLETE THE CHART Answers on page 73
9. All the provinces except
'.ii . ..... , . , '
. .:.:" levels of Government
." .' ...
Quebec the
FEDERAL PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL Constitution Act.
Head of government Prime Minister 10. Quebec did not _ _ __
Elected representatives to the terms.
Responsibilities citizenship 11. The federal government
(3 examples) and all the provinces have
_ _ _ _ many times to
agree on a constitution.
12. They have always
Try this! Check the blue pages of the telephone book.
Find three more responsibilities for each level of government.

• ONTARIO READER· 2001

liberals win majority government

LIBERALS
Jean Chretien 172
ALLIANCE
Stockwell Day 66
BLOC QUEBECOIS 38
Gilles Duceppe

NEW DEMOCRATS
Alexa McDonough 13
**
CONSERVATIVES
Canadians voted in a federal election on November 27, Joe Clark
12
2000. They re-elected Prime Minister Jean Chretien and '-----------'---------'
his Liberal Party. The Liberals won their third consecutive
majority government. They also won in 1993 and 1997. i,{'';Y;;<;.i,> ,,' "," " " "
The Liberals won 172 of the 301 seats in the House of A/CANADA'S PRIME MINISTERS
Commons. The Canadian Alliance Party came second
with 66 seats. They are the Official Opposition. The Bloc
Quebecois (BQ) won 38 seats, the New Democratic Party
* The Prime Minister (PM) is the
head of Canada's government.
(NDP) 13, and the Progressive Conservatives (PC) 12.
The victory makes Chretien the fourth Canadian Prime First PM: Sir John A. Macdonald,
1867-73, 1878-91.
Minister to win three straight majorities. The others were
Sir John A. Macdonald (Conservative), Sir Wilfrid Laurier First French Canadian PM:
(Liberal), and Mackenzie King (Liberal). Sir Wilfrid Laurier, 1898-1911.
What can Canadians expect from the new government? First female PM: Kim Campbell,
Chretien said his government will continue with a June-December, 1993.
balanced approach to tax cuts, debt reduction, and
spending on social and economic problems. Longest-serving PM: William
Lyon Mackenzie King, for 22 years,
REGIONAt RESULTS between 1921 and 1948.
Canada is divided into 301 ridings or electoral districts.
Each riding elects one representative to the House of Shortest-serving PM: Sir Charles
Commons in Canada's Parliament. Each representative, Tupper, 10 weeks, 1896.
or Member of Parliament, has a "seat" in the House. Current PM: Jean Chretien. He is
The Liberals were strongest in Ontario. They won Canada's 20th PM.
100 of Ontario's 103 seats. Support for the Alliance was
greatest in western Canada. They won the majority of Who is the PM on the $5 bill?
the seats in B.C., Alberta, and Saskatchewan. The Bloc On the $ 70 bill? On the $50 bill?
Quebecois won seats only in Quebec.

ONTARIO READER • 200 1 41)

 CHECK THE FACTS Answers on page 15 KEYWORDS
Each sentence has one word or fact that is not correct. NOUN VERB
Find the mistake and correct it. election divided
Prime Minister majority expect
1. Canadian voters re-elected P~r Jean Chretien. voted
representative
2. The Liberals won a minority government. results ADJECTIVE
3. This was their second consecutive victory. ridings consecutive
seats
4. The New Democratic Party is the Official Opposition. Answer key
5. Chretien said his government will continue with tax increases. Use the correct key word.
6. Canada is divided into 103 federal ridings.
Canadians 1 voted in a
7. Each riding elects two representatives.
federal 2 on
8. Support for the Alliance was greatest in Ontario.
November 27,2000. The
9. The Bloc Quebecois won seats only in Alberta.
election 3 were
good for the Liberal Party.
MATCH IT UP Answers on page 15
They won the 4 - - - - -
1. First French Canadian PM Kim Campbell ofthes __________ inthe
2. First PM "" Stockwell Day House of Commons. This
3. First female PM " " Alexa McDonough was the Liberal's third
4. Longest-serving PM Sir Wilfrid Laurier 6 - - - - - victory.
5. Shortest-serving PM Jean Chretien Most Canadians 7 - - - -
6. Current PM W. L. Mackenzie King little change from the new
7. NDP leader Sir John A. Macdonald government.
8. Alliance leader Sir Charles Tupper Canadais 8 into
9. PC leader Joe Clark 301 electoral districts or
9 - - - - - . Each district

1!1 CHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers in "Regional Results" p. 15 elects one 1 0 - - - - - -

to the House of Commons.
Correct the mistake in the underlined verbs.
is
Canada ~ divided into 301 ridings or electoral districts. Word Family
Each riding ,rlill.one representative to the House of elect, election, electoral
Commons in Canada's Parliament. Each representative, There are 301 1 - - - - -
or Member of Parliament, have a "seat" in the House. districts or ridings in Canada.
The Liberals was strongest in Ontario. They win 100 of The voters of each riding

Ontario's 103 seats. Support for the Alliance were greatest in 2,------ one MP. In
the last 3 ' the
western Canada. They were win the majority of the seats in
Liberals won in 172 ridings.
B.C., Alberta, and Saskatchewan.

49 ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 Rene Johnston/Toronto Star
** Ontario's Premier is Mike Harris. He is the
leader of the Ontario Progressive Conservative
Party. The Conservatives have been in power
since 1995. They won the last two elections,
in 1995 and 1999. Each time, they won by
a majority.
There are 103 seats or Members of
Provincial Parliament (MPP) in the Ontario
Legislature. The Conservatives have 59 seats.
The Ontario Liberal Party has 35 seats. The
Liberal leader is Dalton McGuinty. The other
nine MPPs belong to the New Democratic
Party. Their leader is Howard Hampton.
The Conservatives were elected on promises
of tax cuts and a balanced budget by 2000.
WHO IS YOUR MPP?
Do you know the name of your Member
of Provincial Parliament?
You can find out by calling Elections
Ontario at 1-800-668-2727.
Local MPPs are also listed in the blue pages
of the phone book. Look in the Government
of Ontario section under "Members of
Provincial Parliament."
MPPs are elected to help the people they
represent. Write or call your MPP if you want
action from the government, or attention for
a special concern.
Michael Stuparyk/Toronto Star
** Municipalities in Ontario have elections
every three years. The last municipal elections
were on November 13, 2000.
Municipalities are cities, towns, and regions.
There are 500 municipalities in Ontario. Their
governments are called "local" government.
Each municipality elects a mayor and a
municipal council. The mayor is the head of
the council, and the councillors represent
different areas of the municipality.
Municipal council decides how to spend
the money from municipal taxes. The council
makes decisions about services such as garbage
collection, water, building permits, and local
police. It also makes laws for the municipality.
These are called "by-laws."
Below are the newly elected mayors of
Ontario's five largest municipalities. Do you
know the name of your mayor?
• Toronto ........... Mel Lastman
• Mississauga ...... Hazel McCallion
• London ............ Anne Marie DeCicco
• Ottawa ............. Bob Chiarelli
• Hamilton ......... Bob Wade
WHO CAN VOTE IN MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS?
You have to be 18 or older and a Canadian
citizen. You have to live in the municipality,
or you or your spouse have to rent or own
property in the municipality.
ONTARIO READER· 2001 •
 YES OR NO? Answer key

Answer these questions about "Local elections 2000." NOUN VERB

by-laws belong to
1. Do municipal elections happen every three years? Yes
councillors decides
2. Was the last municipal election in 1999? _ _ mayor find out
3. Is municipal government also called local government? _ _ municipality represent
property ADJECTIVE
4. Is the mayor the head of the municipal government? _ _ spouse local
5. Are the elected representatives called councillors? _ _
Answer key
6. Is Ottawa the largest municipality in Ontario? _ _ iii Word Clues:
7. Is Hazel McCallion the mayor of Toronto? _ _ Which key word is it?
8. Can a 16-year-old vote in a municipal election? _ _ 1. of the community or
9. Do you have to be a Canadian citizen to vote? _ _ neighbourhood local
2. a city or town _ _ _ __

III WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Answers on page 77 3. the head of municipal

government _ _ _ __
Answer these questions about "Who's in power?"
Write your answers on a separate piece of paper. 4. elected representatives in
1. Who is the Premier of Ontario? the municipal government
Mike Harris is the Premier of Ontario.
2. What party does he lead? S. laws passed by a municipal
council _ _ _ _ _ __
3. How long have they been in power?
4. When was the last provincial election? 6. land or a building
S. How many seats are there in the Ontario Legislature?
6. How many seats do the Conservatives have? 7. husband or wife - - - -
7. Who is the leader of the Ontario Liberal Party? 8. be part of _ _ _ _ __
8. How many seats do the Liberals have?
9. learn or get information
9. What did the Conservatives promise in the last election? about _ _ _ _ _ _ __
10. makes a choice _ _ __
mWHO CAN VOTE? Answers in "Local elections 2000" on page 77 11. speak for _ _ _ _ __
Use "have to" and a verb in each sentence.
To vote in a municipal election: II Word Family
1. You have to be 18 or older. decides, decisions
2. You _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a Canadian citizen. The city council 1 - - - - -
how to spend the money
3. You _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the municipality. from municipal taxes. It
makes z about
4. Or, you or your spouse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
local services.
property in the municipality.

• ONTARIO READER • 2007

 Ontario balances budget
*** Ontario's finance minister, Ernie
Eves, is a happy man. Thanks to the
province's booming economy, the
government is taking in more money
than it is spending. Eves announced the
surplus in his budget speech on May 2,
2000. He was so pleased that he gave a
billion dollars back to Ontario's tax
payers. He promised a rebate of up to
$200 'for everyone who paid provincial
income tax in 1999.
The budget is the government's
financial plan for the year. The Ontario
budget for 2000-2001 includes:
• tax cuts on personal income.
• tax cuts for small businesses.
• 50% reduction in corporate taxes over
six years.
• $1.4 billion extra for health care.
• $1 billion to build highways.
• $286 million for new buildings at
colleges and universities.
Some people praised the budget. They
said it was good for business and economic
growth. But not everybody was happy.
Critics wanted more spending on health,
education, and affordable housing.
WHAT'S IN IT FOR YOU?
The finance minister cut taxes on
personal income. How much less tax will
you pay? Here are some examples:
• A family with two kids and one income
of $30,000 a year will save $127 in
provincial taxes. With an income of
$50,000, the saving will be $255.
• A single person with an income of
$30,000 will save $119.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
In his speech, the finance minister
said Ontario's economy was booming.
In 1999, the economy created 198,000
new jobs. This was an increase of 3.6%
from 1998. Almost all of the new jobs
were full-time. Ontario's exports
increased 13.6% in 1999. Consumer
spending and housing construction also
went up, and so did corporate profits.
They grew 22.3% in 1999. The finance
minister forecast that Ontario's economy
will continue to grow.
ONTARIO'S DEBT
The money the government takes in is
called "revenue." The money it spends is
called "expenditures." When expenditures
in one year are greater than revenue, the
difference is called a "deficit./I A "balanced
budget" means there is no deficit.
For a number of years the government
did not balance the budget. These deficits
added up. As a result, Ontario'S total debt
was about $114 billion on March 31,
2000. About 15 cents of every Ontario
tax dollar is used to pay interest on
this debt.
In 1999-2000, the government had a
surplus of $654 million. The finance
minister said he will use this money
to pay down Ontario's debt. He also
promised to reduce the debt by $5 billion
over the next four years. Some critics said
that's not enough. Instead of tax cuts,
they want the government to reduce
the debt more quickly.
ONTARIO READER· 2007 41)
 CHECK THE FACTS Answers on page 79
Each sentence has one word or fact that is not correct. NOUNS
Find the mistake and correct it. budget interest
. ~I?.q?,,!!ing debt rebate
1. Ontario's economy IS decll~. deficit revenue
2. The government is taking in less money than it is spending. economy surplus
3. Ontario's health minister is happy. expenditures tax (taxes)
4. He promised a tax rebate of more than $200. Answer key

5. Ontario's budget includes tax increases for businesses. Definitions: Match each
key word with definition.
6. It also includes less money for health care.
1. the wealth, resources, and
7. Everybody praised the budget. financial activity of a
8. In 1999, Ontario's economy lost 198,000 jobs. community economy
9. Corporate profits went down. 2. the government's financial
plan for the year
mCHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers in IEconomicGrowth",p. 79
3. money the government
Correct the mistake in the underlined verbs.
spends (expenses)
tafd
In his speech, the finance minister s Ontario's economy
was booming. In 1999, the economy create 198,000 new jobs. 4. money the government
This were an increase 3.6% from 1998. Almost all of the new takes in (income)
jobs was full-time. Ontario's exports were increase 13.6% in
1999. Consumer spending and housing construction also 5. money that individuals or
gone up, and so did corporate profits. They grow 22.3% in businesses have to pay to
the government
1999. The finance minister forecast that Ontario's economy
will be continue to grow.
6. money that is paid back to
you
m MORE BUDGET WORDS Answer key 7. when revenue is greater
Match the words (or phrases) with the explanations. than expenditures
1. _c_tax cuts a. Taxes that corporations pay
8. when expenditures are
2. income tax b. Opposite of imports greater than revenue
3. __ corporate taxes c. Reductions in taxes
4. __ balanced budget d. Tax on money you earn 9. the cost of borrowing
5. __ profits e. A budget with no deficit money
6. save f. Opposite of spend 10. the total of all deficits
over the years (total
7. __ exports g. OppOSite of reduction money owed)
8. increase h. Earnings after all expenses are
paid; opposite of losses

• ONTARIO READER. 2001

** Toronto is Canada's largest city.
It is also the city the rest of Canada loves
to hate. They say Toronto is too big, too fast,
too expensive... Well, maybe it is all those
things. But it is also the place 20 million
tourists visit each year. It is Canada's most
multicultural city. And it is a green city, with
many parks and gardens. Whatever your
opinion, Toronto is an important Canadian
City. Here is some information about
Ontario's capital.

Population: The city has 2.4 million people.

The Toronto region has 4.8 million people.
People: Half of the people who live in Toronto
are immigrants (not born in Canada). They
come from 184 countries.
Climate: By Canadian standards, Toronto's
climate is fairly mild and humid. In January,
the average temperature ranges from -8°C to
-1°C. In July, the range is 16°C to 27°C.
Area: The city covers 632 square kilometres;
17% of Toronto's area is greenspace (parks and
gardens). The average for North American
cities is 5%.
Name: Toronto's name comes from the Huron
language. It means "meeting place." Native
people met there because it was the starting
point of a canoe route to Lake Huron.
Early settlement: In 1720, French fur traders
built a fort at the Toronto site. In 1759, the
fort was destroyed in the war against the
British. In 1793, the British established the
town of York. By 1834, York had a population
of 9,000 and became the city of Toronto.
Economy: Toronto is Canada's leading
financial, communications, and business
service centre. It is strong in manufacturing,
and retail. It also has a growing number of
high-technology companies.
Culture: Toronto has three universities,
the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Royal Ontario
Museum, the Toronto Symphony, and many
theatres.
Attractions: More than 20 million tourists
visit every year. They like the city's culture
and many excellent restaurants. They also
like the CN Tower, Toronto Islands, Metro
Zoo, and other attractions.
Professional sports: Toronto's main teams
are the Maple Leafs (hockey), the Blue Jays
(baseball), and the Raptors (basketball).
More information: There are many Web
sites with information about Toronto. Here
are a few examples: <www.city.toronto.on.ca>.
<www.torinfo.com>, and <www.toronto.com>.
ONTARIO READER • 200 7 &
 m TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key

Write T (true) or F (false) in the blank. NOUN VERB

1. _F_ Toronto is Canada's second largest city. attractions like

culture hate
2. Everybody likes Toronto. opinion ADJECTIVE
3. The city of Toronto has a population of 4.8 million. people excellent
4. Many immigrants live in Toronto. population expensive
tourists
S. Toronto's climate is mild by Canadian standards. Answer key
6. But Toronto doesn't have many parks and gardens.
Use the correct key word.
7. Toronto is Canada's leading financial centre.
8. More than 200 million tourists visit every year. Toronto is Canada's largest
9. Toronto has three universities. city. It has a 1 population
of 2.4 million 2 - - - - -
III CHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers page 2 7 More than 20 million
Correct the mistake in the underlined adjectives. ; - - - - - - visit Toronto
largest every year. They 4 - - - - - -
Toronto is Canada's ~ city. It is also the city the rest of
Toronto. They enjoy the
Canada loves to hate. They say Toronto is to big, two fast,
and too expensive. Well, maybe it is all that things. But it is city's 5 - - - - - - -
(galleries, theatres) and many
also the place 20 millions tourists visit each year. It is
Canada's more multicultural city. And it is a city green with 6,------ restaurants.
They also like the CN Tower
many parks and gardens. Whatever Y.Q!! opinion, Toronto is
an important Canada city. Here is some information about and other 7 - - - - - -
Ontario capital. The rest of Canada loves to
8,---- Toronto. In their

II MATCH IT UP Answers page 2 7

9'-----, Toronto is too
Match the categories with the information about Toronto. big and too 1Of-------

1. Population Art Gallery of Ontario

Word Families
2. People 632 square kilometres
3. Climate attracts, attractions, love, lovely
2.4 million
4. Area Toronto Maple Leafs Toronto 1 20
S. Name means meeting place million tourists a year. They
6. Economy Canada's financial centre 2 Toronto. They
7. Culture mild by Canadian standards enjoy the many 3 - - - - -
8. Professional sports York was established in 1793 and 4 parks.
9. Early settlement half are immigrants

D ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 KENSINGTON MARKET
The world within a few blocks
** Kensington Market is the
multicultural heart of Toronto.
This network of little streets is
crammed with ethnic restaurants,
bakeries, and food stores. Within a
few blocks, you can shop for food
from all over the world - Italian
cheeses, Hungarian salami, Asian
lemongrass, Portuguese salted cod,
Jamaican goat patties, Salvadorean
horchata powder, and much more.
When the weather is nice,
everything is out on sidewalk stands
- fruit, vegetables, nuts, fish, and
spices. The streets are alive with
people. Different kinds of music
play from the shops. A mixture of
pleasant and sometimes not so
pleasant aromas is in the air -
freshly baked bagels, ripe tropical
fruit, and rotting vegetables.
People have different opinions
about KenSington. For some, it's
a vibrant and exciting place. For
others it's nOisy and smelly.

COLOURFUL HISTORY
KenSington Market reflects the
multicultural history of Toronto.
In the late 1800s, British
immigrants and shopkeepers lived
in the area. From 1910 to 1940, 1950s, Italians and Hungarians • Merchants
many Jewish immigrants arrived moved in. In the 1960s, the from Toronto's
from Central and Eastern Europe. Portuguese settled in the area. Kensington Market
They opened bakeries, delis, dairy, Immigrants from the Caribbean show off their
and poultry shops. The area became came next, followed by Latin goods.
the "Jewish Market." Toronto's Americans, Iranians, and Asians. The Kensington
mayor, Mel Lastman grew up there. Recently, Ethiopian and Somali area is just west
His family owned a fruit and shops have opened up. of Spadina Avenue
vegetable store. KenSington Market is always between Dundas
After World War II, new waves of changing, but traces of each ethnic and College
immigrants arrived. Each ethnic group remain. The area is a living Streets.
group brought new stores, shoppers, museum of Toronto's immigration
and foods to Kensington. In the patterns.

ONTARIO READER. 2007 •

 TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key KEYWORDS
-,,-. . '"

Write T (true) or F (false) in the blank. NOUN VERB

1. ~ Kensington Market is very multicultural. aromas changing (change)
immigrants settled
2. It has many ethnic restaurants and food stores. restaurants shop
3. They are all on one street. spices ADJECTIVE
4. On nice days, the streets are alive with people. stores ethnic
waves exciting
s. Everybody likes Kensington Market. world multicultural
6. _ _ Jewish immigrants lived there in the late 1800s. Answer key
7. New ethnic groups came after World War II. Use the correct key word.
8. The most recent immigrants are Latin Americans. Kensington Market is a very
9. Kensington reflects Toronto's multicultural history. multicultural area in
-':"::":"::====-=="--
Toronto. 2 - - - - - from
iii PAST AND PRESENT Answer key many different countries
Write the correct form of the verbs. Some are used more than once. opened bakeries, 3 - - - -
arrive, be, bring, change, live, reflect, remain, shop
andfood 4_ _ _ _ _ in
Kensington Market 1 is in Toronto. It 2 : - - - - - Kensington. Within a few
the multicultural history of Toronto. In the late 1800s British blocks, you can 5 - - - - -
immigrants 3 there. From 1910-1940 Jewish for food from all over the
immigrants 4 - - - - - from Europe. After World War II, 6 - - - - - . From 1910 to
new waves of immigrants 5 • They 6-6_ _ _ __ 1940, Jewish immigrants
new foods and stores to the area. Today, you can 7'----- ____ in the Kensington
for food from all over the world. The streets 8 - - - - - area. After World War II, new
alive with people. Kensington 9--- always 1Of------ 8----- of immigrants
But traces of each ethnic group 11-----
arrived. Each 9 group
brought new stores and foods
[!t CATEGORIES Answers page 23 to the area. Kensington is
Find words in "Kensington Market" that fit each category. always 10 ' but
traces of each ethnic group
Food business Ethnic foods Ethnic groups
remain. Kensington is an
bakeries bagels Italians
11 place. There
are lots of people, and
12----- of food and
1 3 - - - - - fill the air.

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7


*** Toronto is one of the most multicultural
cities in the world. More than half of the city's
people are immigrants. They come from 184
countries and speak 161 languages. Many are
visible minorities - black, Chinese, South
Asian, Arab, and others. But the distinctions of
race and ethnicity are blurring. An increasing
number of young people are multiracial. Their
parents have mixed racial and ethnic origins.
WHAT ARE YOU?
Identity is an important issue for children
of mixed-race parents. People are always
asking them, "What are you?"
"I'm half Chinese, half Portuguese, but all
Canadian," says 13-year-old Christopher
De Sousa Costa.
"I say I'm a black woman," says Vivian
Barclay, 27. She has a Greek mother and
Jamaican father.
"The first thing that comes to my mind is
Jewish," says Danu Mandlsohn, 18. His
mother is Thai and his father is a Polish Jew.
Aretha Phillip, 31, has a Sri Lankan
mother and Jamaican father. She refers to
herself as biracial. Identity wasn't an issue for
her until high school. "In elementary school
everything was fine, but when I got to high
~ These young
Canadians
demonstrate
how Toronto is
becoming a more
diverse and
multiracial society.
From left: Aretha
Phillip, Michelle
Chee, Usman
Valiante, Vivian
Barclay, Stephanie
Campbell,
Christopher De
Sousa Costa, and
Patricia Garcia.
school, everyone - blacks, whites, Italians -
was so segregated." She had to decide which
group she wanted to belong to.
BLESSING OR CURSE?
Being multiracial is difficult for some
people. They may feel they don't belong.
They may experience discrimination and
racism. They may even feel ashamed of their
heritage. For others, it's not an issue. They
seem to benefit from the diverSity of their
parents' languages, cultures, and traditions.
Vivian Barclay felt confused growing up.
"When you're a mixed child, you don't belong
anywhere," she says. She felt trapped between
her mother's white Greek heritage· and her
father's black Jamaican roots. She never talked
to her mother about the difficulties of her
mixed heritage. Her mother desperately
wanted to believe that everything was okay.
On the other hand, Usman Valiante's
experience has been positive. Valiante, 35, is
a successful management consultant. He was
born in Quebec to an East Indian mother and
an Italian father, who converted to Islam. He
enjoys discussing his dual heritages, but the
only label he will accept is "Canadian."
- Continued on next page
ONTARIO READER • 2007 fD
 - Continued from previous page TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key

Write T (true) or F (false) in the blank.

He thinks terms like
biracial and multiracial are 1. ~ Toronto is a very diverse, multicultural city.
meaningless. Although his 2. Many of the people who live in Toronto are not white.
parents look different, they
have the same values and 3. A growing number of people in Toronto are multiracial.
beliefs about important 4. The distinctions of race and ethnicity are becoming
things such as religion and much clearer.
education. Valiante says his s. Some multiracial children have difficulties.
ethnicity has not caused
him problems in school or 6. They may feel confused.
in the workplace. 7. They may experience discrimination and racism.
He and his younger 8. Some multiracial children benefit from their parents'
brother, who is a surgeon, different cultures.
listened to their mother's
advice. She said, "You're not 9. Children who can talk openly to their parents about
white. To get recognition any problems seem to have more difficulties.
and status, you have to
excel." She wasn't resentful,
Valiante says. She was simply III KEYWORDS Answer key
practical and realistic about Write the correct key word in the blank.
their situation. NOUN ADJECTIVE VERB
Stephanie Campbell, 24, cultures issue multiracial benefit
is the daughter of a Filipina discrimination origins confused
mother and Jamaican father. diversity race
She believes it helps if you identity visible minorities
can talk openly with your
parents about any Toronto's many immigrants come from a variety of countries
difficulties. Her parents
emphasized religion and and 1 cultures . This cultural 2 makes
a positive outlook. She says the city a special place. Many of Toronto's immigrants are
her ethnic makeup is
insignificant in her life. 3-------. They are not white. Sometimes they are
"I was born here. I am treated unfairly. They experience 4 . - - - - - -
Canadian. People have to
In Toronto, the distinctions of 5 and ethnicity
accept that this is what
Canadian looks like. II are blurring. A growing number of young people are
6------. Their parents have mixed racial and ethnic
Adapted with permission - Toronto Star Syndicate

______ . Some children of mixed-race parents feel

8 - - - - - - . They are not sure about their 9 - - - - - -
and wonder IIWho am I?" For others, this is not an
10 . They seem to 1 1 - - - - - - from their
parent's different languages and heritages .

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 , ,._ ,'" I. "

Sultan of Somosas
QUALITY IS THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL EAST INDIAN FOOD BUSINESS

* Reza Mecklai is from Pakistan. He came

to Toronto in 1996. He started a takeout
food store. The name of his business is
Sultan of Somosas. It specializes in
somosas, an East Indian snack food.
Mecklai's somosas are tasty, but not
greasy. He sells them to restaurants and
grocery stores. He also sells them to
walk-in customers.
Mecklai's sales are growing. Customers
like the quality of his food.

*** Reza Mecklai has a lot of experience in the

food business. When he came to Canada from
Pakistan, he put his skills to work. He started
a takeout food store specializing in somosas.
Somosas are a popular snack food in India
and Pakistan. They are folded triangles of thin
dough containing tasty fillings. They are
usually fried, but they can also be baked.
Mecklai's business is called Sultan of Somosas.
He sells somosas wholesale to grocery stores,
restaurants, and pubs. He also sells retail to
walk-in customers. Mecklai's sales are growing.
His first customers were East Indians from
two nearby mosques. Now he sells to people
from all ethnic backgrounds.
Mecklai found that most somosas in Toronto
were greasy and heavy, so he developed an oil-
free pastry. His pastry doesn't absorb much oil
when fried, but still has good texture. He
produces five kinds of somosas: potato, beef,
chicken, lentil and onions, and spinach and
cheese. They are cooked and frozen, then
people pan-fry them at home. He also sells
other East Indian foods like chicken biryani.
FOOD ENTREPRENEUR
Mecklai, 35, has an interesting background.
Born in Karachi, Pakistan, he left at 18 to study
hospitality management in Switzerland. After
John Mahler/Toronto Star
returning, he opened Pakistan's first wood-
fired pizza delivery business. He ran the
business for 10 years. He was dissatisfied with
the quality of the local mozzarella cheese, so
he travelled to Italy and studied cheese-making.
After his return to Pakistan, he started
producing mozzarella cheese. Eventually, his
mozzarella was distributed across the country.
This resulted in a three-month scholarship to
study dairy technology in the United States.
Mecklai was engaged to a Canadian woman
he had met in Karachi. He came to Toronto
for a two-week visit. The visit lasted two
months. He married his fiance and
immigrated to Canada in 1996.
Mecklai produced somosas from his home
for a year. In 1998, he moved the business to
its present location in north Toronto.
Adapted with permission - courtesy Andrew Chase
Pi PUT IT IN ORDER Answers on page 27 KEYWORDS
Number these sentences in the correct order. NOUN VERB
produces
D He studied dairy technology in the" United States.
business
customers sells
D He studied cheese-making in Italy. experience
quality
specializes
ADJECTIVE
D He studied hospitality management in Switzerland. sales successful
takeout
D He started Sultan of Somosas. tasty
D He visited his fiance in Toronto. Answer key

D He opened Pakistan's first wood-fired pizza business.

iii Use the correct key word.
D He produced mozzarella cheese in Pakistan.
Reza Mecklai has many
years of 1 experience in
OJ Reza Mecklai was born in Pakistan.
the food business. When he
D He got married.
came to Canada, he started a
II WHAT'S THE QUESTION? Answer key 2,------ food store.
On a separate piece of paper, write a question for each sentence. The name of his 3 - - - - -
1. Mecklai came to Toronto in 1996. (When?) is Sultan of Somosas. It
When did Meck/ai come to Toronto?
2. His business specializes in Somosas (What?) 4 - - - - - - in somosas,
3. He developed an oil-free pastry. (What?) an East Indian snack food.
4. He produces five kinds of somosas. (How many?)
S. He studied cheese-making in Italy (Where?) Mecklai 5 - - - - - them
6. He is successful because of the quality of his food. (Why?) to restaurants and grocery
Try this! Write five more questions about the story.
Ask a partner your questions. stores. He also sells them to
walk-in 6 - - - - - - -
m FOOD WORDS Answer key
He 7 - - - - - - five kinds
Write the correct word in the blank.
of somosas. His somosas are
absorb, baked, beef, fillings, frozen, greasy, pastry, snack, texture
Somosas are a popular 1 snack food in India and 8------- , but not
Pakistan. They.are folded triangles of thin dough containing greasy. Mecklai's 9 - - - - -
tasty 2 • They are usually fried, but they can also

be 3 • Mecklai found that most somosas in

are growing. His business is
Toronto were 4 and heavy, so he developed an 1 0 - - - - - - because
oil-free 5 • His pastry doesn't 6 much
oil when fried, but still has good 7 • He produces
customers like the 1 1 - - - -
five kinds of somosas: potato, 8 ' chicken, lentil of his food.
and onions, and spinach and cheese. They are cooked and
9 ' then people pan-fry them at home.

e ONTARIO READER • 2007

long road
Family and friends
support an immigrant's
struggle to become
a dentist
*** Belinda Ponciano grew
up in the Philippines. Her
family was very poor. They
lived in a wood shack built
with scrap wood. Despite her
poverty, Belinda had a dream.
She wanted to become a dentist.
In 1990, Ponciano came to
Canada to pursue her goal.
She had studied dentistry in
the Philippines, but in Canada
she had to begin again. She
lived in Montreal first, then
moved to Toronto to be with
her grandparents. During the
day, she worked as a nanny
and housekeeper. At night,
she studied for her Canadian
dental exams. She lived on
very little money. Her weekly
food budget was $15. She
slept only four hours a night.
For seven long years, she
worked and studied. Then she
passed her first written exam
for the National Dental
Examining Board (NDEB).
Belinda felt hopeful. She
found part-time work as an
assistant for a dentist. He was
impressed with her work.
Things were looking up -
until December 11,1997.
Exhausted and sick with a
fever, she blacked out while
driving a friend's car. She woke
up in the hospital with serious
injuries to her back and head.
After the aCcident, Belinda
Adapted with permission - Toronto Star Syndicate
tried to continue with her
studies. But it was difficult.
The injuries affected her
memory and ability to
concentrate. She also had
terrible headaches and
difficulty standing up. Twice
she attempted the NDEB
clinical exam. Twice she failed.
She became very depressed.
On the worst night of her life,
she saw herself as someone
with no money, no brain, no
hope. She reached for a knife
and tried to commit suicide.
Belinda survived. Two days
later, she was released from
the hospital. She didn't know
what to do. She thought of
going back to the Philippines.
Her family and friends
encouraged her not to give up
her dream. She listened, and
agreed. She would not give up.
She started physiotherapy,
and went back to her work,
and studies. Friends and
relatives brought her food.
Some helped with small gifts of
money. Slowly, the headaches
eased. Her legs became stronger.
Week by week, her memory
Tony Bock/Toronto Star
and mind became clearer.
Belinda tried the NDEB
clinical exam again, and
passed. Then a few weeks
later, she successfully
completed the second exam.
Now, there was one more
hurdle. She had to pass the
third clinical exam. But it
was in Halifax. She had to
bring four patients to the
examination centre and treat
their dental problems. She
had to pay for everyone's
expenses. Once again, family
and friends helped her. Many
of her friends were struggling
immigrants like herself.
Belinda made it to Halifax,
and completed the exam.
Weeks later, a brown envelope
arrived in the mail with her
exam results. She opened it,
and started to cry. She had
passed the exam!
Now, Belinda plans to open
her own dental practice in
Markham. She also dreams of
opening a free dental clinic in
Toronto. She wants to help
people who cannot afford
proper dental care.
ONTARIO READER • 200 1 •
 mPUT IT IN ORDER Answers on page 29 KEYWORDS
Number these sentences in the correct order. NOUN VERB

D She worked and studied for seven years.

accident
dentist
give up
passed
D She went to Halifax for her final clinical exam. exam pursue
D She came to Canada to become a dentist. suicide
support
ADJECTIVE
depressed
D She passed the final clinical exam. struggle
Answer key
D She passed her first written exam for the NDEB. Use the correct key word.
OJ Belinda Ponciano grew up in the Phililppines. 1. Belinda Ponciano wanted
D She found a part-time job as a dental assistant. to become a dentist
D She was hurt in a car accident. 2. She came to Canada to
_ _ _ _ _ her dream.
D Twice she failed the first clinical exam.
3. She was injured in a car
D She tried to kill herself.
D Now, she plans to open her own dental practice. 4. She failed the NDEB
D Her family and friends encouraged her not to give up. clinical _ _ _ _ _ twice.
5. She felt she had nothing

mCHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers on page 29

to live for. She was

Correct the mistake in the underlined verbs. 6. She tried to commit

\. become
1. She wanted to became a dentist.
'\
2. In 1990, Ponciano came to Canada to pursued her goal. 7. Her family didn't want her
to her dream.
3. In Canada, she had to beginning again.
8. On her third try, Belinda
4. After the accident, Belinda tried to continues with her studies.
- - - the clinical exam.
5. She reached for a knife and tried commit suicide. 9. Becoming a dentist was
6. She didn't know what to dOing. a difficult _ _ _ __
7. She had to passed the third clinical exam. for Belinda.

8. She had pay for everyone's expenses. 10. The from

her family and friends
9. Now, Belinda plans open her own dental practice. was a big help.

m SYNONYMS Answer key II Word Family

Match each word in (a) with a word in (b) that has the same dentist, dental, dentistry
meaning. The words in (a) are from the story on page 29.
Belinda studied 1 - - - - -
(a) assistant, attempted, blacked out, concentrate, continue,
expenses, gifts, hurdle, resumed, released for a long time. Now, she is a
2 • She plans to open
(b) costs, fainted, focus, helper, keep going, let go,
obstacle, presents, started again, tried her own 3 clinic.

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7

r---Web site for newcomers -
settlement.org
*** Are you a newcomer to Ontario?
Are you a long-time resident of
Ontario?
If you answered yes to either
question, <settlement.arg> can help
you. The main purpose of this new
Web site is to help newcomers settle
in Ontario, but it has a lot of useful
information for anyone who lives
here.
INFORMATION
The site has ten main topics or
categories of information. The topiCS
include employment, housing, health
and education. Under each topiC,
there is a lot of related information.
For example, under "Employment,"
there is information about finding a
job and starting a business. There are
also job listings and labour-market
information. Each topic includes links
to related Web sites and forms you
can download. For example, if you
need an application form for a social
insurance number, you can print it
out from this Web site.
. There is a useful section called
"Ontario by Region." It helps you
find information about a city, town,
or region of Ontario. It includes
maps and lists of community
information centres.
ORGANIZATIONS
Another useful feature of
<settlement.arg> is the database of
more than 5,000 organizations.
These organizations are helpful to
newcomers. They provide services such
as job training, settlement counselling,
and language classes. You can search
for the organizations by city or subject.
YOUR FIRST DAYS IN ONTARIO
This is a special section for
newcomers. It contains the kind of
information people need when they
first arrive in Ontario. For example,
it tells you how to apply for an
Ontario Health Card and how to
register children in school.
ACCESS
There's a lot more available on
<settlement.arg>. To use the site, you
need a computer with Internet access.
If you don't have one, some libraries
or settlement agencies may have
computers you can use. You also have
to know English at the intermediate
level. (If you can read this article, you
can probably use the Web site.)
A world of helpful information is open
to you on <settlement.arg>. The Web site
is funded by the federal government,
Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •
 mTRUE OR FALSE? Answer key KEYWORDS
Write T (true) or F (false). If the sentence is false, correct it NOUN VERB
org database download
1. L <settlement.~> is a Web site on the Internet information search
2. __ It helps newcomers settle in Ontario. Internet
links ADJECTIVE
3. __ It can also help long-time residents of Ontario. newcomer related
4. __ The site has 10 main topics of information. purpose useful
topics
S. __ Under each topic there is a lot of unrelated information. Web site
Answer key
6. __ Each topic includes links to related Web sites. Definitions: Match each
7. __ There is a useless section called "Ontario by Region." key word with a definition.

8. __ There is a database of more than S,OOO organizations. 1. new immigrant newcomer

9. __ There is a section called "Your First Days in Ontario." 2. worldwide network of

computers
10. __ To use <settlement.org> you don't need a computer.
11. __ The Web site is paid for by the Ontario government. 3. location or address on the
Internet _ _ _ _ _ __

m PUT IT TOGETHER Answers on page 3 7

4. knowledge, facts, or data

Make a complete sentence by matching the two parts.

1. The main purpose
of this new Web site ~
2. The site has ten main
3. Under each topiC
there is
4. Each topic includes
links
S. There is a useful section
6. You can search for
organizations
7. To use the site you
need a
S. an organized store of
at the intermediate information that can be
level manipulated by a computer
~ to related Web sites
6. connections to other Web
is to help newcomers
sites
settle in Ontario.
computer with Internet 7. transfer information from a
access. Web site to your computer
by city or subject.
8. helpful or practical
probably use the
Web site.
called "Ontario by 9. associated or connected
Region. II

8. You also have to know a lot of related 10. reason for something
English information.
9. If you can read this topics or categories 11. look for _ _ _ _ __
article, you can of information.
12. subjects _ _ _ _ __

CD ONTARIO READER· 2007

 INTERNET
TEENS' ON THE" NET
** Canadian teenagers like the Internet.
Some like it better than television.
A new survey shows that 85% of Canadian
teenagers between the ages of 12 and 17 use
the Internet regularly. They use it for an
average of 9.3 hours a week. A third of the
teens spend more time on the Internet than
watching TV.
Most of the teenagers say the Internet helps
them learn. They use it mostly to do research
for their homework. They also use it to keep
in touch with friends. They send e-mails and
chat online.
On the average, teenagers watch 11. 7
hours of TV a week. They say TV is relaxing,
but it's a waste of time. On the other hand,
they say the Internet is educational and
in teractive.
Some parents worry about their children
using the Internet too much. They fear their
kids will become loners and anti-social.
However, the survey doesn't support that
belief. Many of the teens who use the
Internet say their favourite pastimes are
playing sports or hanging out with friends.
DID YOU KNOW?
Canadians are the number one users of
the Internet in the world. In 1999, 43% of
Canadians were regular Internet users. That
was the highest percentage in the world.
Sweden came a close second, followed by
Finland. The United States was fourth.
An estimated 280 million people,
worldwide, use the Internet.
JOB-HUNTING ONLINE
*** Not long ago, when companies needed
skilled workers, they put an ad in the news-
paper. Then they sifted through hundreds
of resumes that arrived in the mail. Today,
many employers use the Internet to recruit
new employees.
Online recruiting is developing rapidly.
Within a few years most large and medium-
sized companies will hire via the Internet.
There's a simple reason for this development.
It's a lot cheaper and easier.
At the moment, most online recruiting
in Canada is done through two Web sites:
<workopolis.com> and <monster.ca>. These
sites are electronic job boards. Companies
post jobs that are available, and job-hunters
fill out electronic resumes or applications.
The companies use specialized software to
screen the resumes and make a short list of
applicants to interview.
Online recruiting not only benefits
employers. It also helps job-seekers who have
good skills and qualifications. Electronic job
boards make it easy to find out what jobs
are available, and to apply to different
companies.
<workopolis.com> has more than 30,000
job po stings and more than 200,000 posted
resumes. <monster.ca> is smaller, but it has
links to its American parent company and
branches around the world.
In the future, many companies will set up
their own individual Web sites to recruit
employees.
ONTARIO READER • 200 7 CD
 CHECK THE FACTS Answers on page 33
·:~t~;;!/:.:,
.;·::;;}i,.~~·~; ,3\,
KEYWORDS
Each sentence has one word or fact that is not correct. NOUN VERB
Find the mistake and correct it. e-mails benefits
(a) Teens on the Net resume hire
Some . skills interview
1. AQ Canadian teenagers lIke the Internet better than TV. survey recruit
2. All Canadian teens use the Internet regularly. teenagers IDIOMS
ADJECTIVE/ADVERB hanging out
3. They use it for an average of 9.3 hours a day. online keep in touch
4. Half of the teens spend more time on the Internet than TV. Answer key

5. Most of the teenagers say TV helps them learn. Definitions: Match each
key word with a definition.
6. On the average, teenagers watch 11.7 hours of TV a month.
(a) Teens on the Net
7. Few of the teens who use the Internet also like playing sports.
1. a study of people's habits,
8. Americans are the number one users of the Internet.
opinions, etc. survey
(b) Job-hunting Online
2. young people aged 13
1. Many companies use TV to recruit new employees. to 19 _ _ _ _ _ __
2. Online recruiting is growing slowly. 3. electronic messages sent
via the Internet _ _ __
3. Online recruiting is more expensive.
4. on the Internet or a
4. Most online recruiting in the U.S.A. is done on two Web sites. computer _ _ _ _ __
5. Employers fill out electronic resumes or applications.
5. stay in contact
6. Job-hunters post jobs that are available.
7. Electronic job boards make it difficult to find out what 6. spending time together
jobs are available.
8. <workopolis.com> has more than 200,000 job postings. (b) Job-hunting Online
1. helps _ _ _ _ _ __
IE) WORD FAMILIES Answer Key
2. abilities
Write the correct word in the blank.
3. a description of your work
Apply, applicants, applications, employ, employers, employees experience, education, and
qualifications _ _ _ __
Many 1 - - - - - - are using the Internet to recruit new
4. look for and try to get new
2-----· In the future, companies that 3 - - - - - employees _ _ _ _ __
a lot of workers will have their own recruitment Web sites.
5. meet with a job applicant
People who want to 4 will fill out electronic
5 • Then employers will make a short list of 6. give someone a job
6,------ to interview.

• ONTARIO READER • 200 1

How MUCH DO CANADIANS MAKE?
A BRIEF LOOK AT EARNINGS & INCOME TRENDS IN CANADA

Minimum wage
* On November 1, 2000, the minimum wage in British
Columbia went up to $7.60 per hour. That's the highest in
Canada. On November 1, 2001, B.C.'s minimum wage will
increase again. It will be $8 per hour.
Newfoundland has the lowest minimum wage in the Minimum wage across Canada
country at $5.50 an hour. Ontario's minimum wage is $6.85 British Columbia ............. $7.60
an hour. It hasn't changed since 1995. Yukon ................................ 7.20
Quebec ............................. 6.90
Ontario ............................. 6.85
Average earnings Northwest Territories ......... 6.50
** In July 2000, average weekly earnings Nunavut ............................ 6.50
Manitoba .......................... 6.00
for Canadian employees were $627. That Saskatchewan ................... 6.00
was an increase of 2.7% from July 1999. Alberta .............................. 5.90
The figure of $627 includes the earnings of New Brunswick ................. 5.75
both salaried and hourly-rated employees. Nova Scotia ....................... 5.60
In Ontario, the average was higher. Prince Edward Island ......... 5.60
Newfoundland .................. 5.50
Ontario workers earned $671 per week. As of November " 2000
Canadian workers who are paid by the
hour (hourly-rated) made an average of
$15.80 per hour. They worked an average of 31.2 hours a week.
When earnings are compared by industry, there are many Working women
differences. For example, workers in manufacturing earned an ** There has been little
average of $ 781 per week. Workers in the retail trade earned change in the wage gap
much less at $370 per week. Workers in accommodation, food between men and women in
and beverage services earned the least at $242 per week. the last five years. Full-time
working women earn only
72.5 cents for every $1 a man
Family incomes earns. That's up from 59 cents
** Canadian family incomes are in the early 1970s, but only
improving. The average after-tax family one cent better than in 1995.
income reached a new high of $49,626 in In the past 30 years, there
1998 (the last year for which figures are has been progress for working
available). That was an increase of 3.7% women. Almost half of
from 1997. However, during the early Canada's workers are women.
1990s family incomes dropped. As a result, More women have jobs in
the 1998 average was only 1.7% better than management. About half of
the 1989 average. The 1.7% improvement all business and financial
was because of increases for high-income families (top 20%). professionals are women. And
Middle-income families still made 1% less than in 1989. And 47% of doctors and dentists are
the families with the lowest incomes (bottom 20%) made women. Yet, on the average,
5.2% less than in 1989. The figures show a growing inequality women make less than men
in family incomes. Photos courtesy NFB Phototeque ONF in the same profession.

ONTARIO READER· 2007 CD

 YES OR NO? Answer key KEYWORDS
Answer these questions, or ask a partner the questions. NOUN VERB

1. Did B.C.'s minimum wage go up in November 2000? Yes gap dropped (drop)
incomes earn
2. Did Ontario's go up too? _ _ improving (improve)
progress
3. Is B.C.'s minimum wage the highest.in Canada? _ _ trends increase
4. Is Alberta's minimum wage the lowest in Canada? _ _ ADJECTIVE
5. Is Manitoba's minimum wage lower than Yukon's? _ _ minimum
Answer key
6. Is Yukon's minimum wage the second highest in Canada? _
Substitution: Replace the
Try this! Write five similar questions about "Minimum wages
underlined word with a key
across Canada." Ask a partner your questions.
word that means the same.
minimum
iii MORE QUESTIONS Answer key 1. In B.C. the lowest wage an
employer can pay is $7.60
Use one of these words to make a question: Was, Were, Did. per hour.
Then answer the question, or ask a partner.
1. Did Canadian average weekly earnings increase in 2000? 2. B.C.'s minimum wage will
gQ,.,!!l2 in November 2001.
2. __ there an increase of 2.7% in one year?
3. __ the average Canadian wage $15.80 an hour? 3. There is a growing
4. __ average earnings the same in all industries? inequality in family
5. __ manufacturing workers earn the most? earnings.
6. __ food and beverage service workers earn the least?
4. During the early 1990s,
7. __ average family incomes better in 1998 than in 1997? family incomes went down.
8. __ incomes improve for all families?
9. low-income families make less than in 1989? 5. Now family incomes are
getting better.

Ii CHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers in "Familyincomes"p. 35 6. On the average, working

women make less than
Correct the underlined grammar mistakes.
men.
~a"nadian
Ca ada family incomes are improving. The average after-tax
7. There is a wage difference
family income reached a newer high of $49,626 in 1998 of about 27%.
(the lastest year for which figures are available). That was f!
increase of 3.7% from 1997. However, during the earlier 8. In the past 30 years, there
has been improvement for
1990s family incomes dropped. As a result, the 1998 average
working women.
was only 1.7% good than the 1989 average. The 1.7%
improvement was because of increases for high-income 9. The article, "How Much Do
Canadians Make," looks at
families (top 20%). Middle-income families still made 1% the general directions of
least than in 1989. And the families with the most low earnings in Canada.
incomes (bottom 20%) made 5.2% less that in 1989.
The figures show a grow inequality in family incomes.

CD ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 Your rights at work
*** The Ontario Employment Standards Act
sets the minimum standards for wages, hours
of work, and other working conditions. The
Ontario government made changes to the Act
in December 2000. Here is some information
about your rights at work.
MINIMUM WAGE - Your employer must pay
at least $6.85 an hour. If you work serving
alcohol, the minimum wage is $5.95 an hour.
For homeworkers, it's $7.54 an hour. Examples
of work at home are sewing or telemarketing.
In most cases, the minimum wage for students
under 18 is $6.40 an hour.
HOURS OF WORK - You do not have to work
more than 48 hours a week unless you want to.
In 2001, changes to the Act will allow a
60-hour work week. But the hours between
48 and 60 will be voluntary. You do not have
to work this extra time unless you and your
employer agree.

OVERTIME PAY - Your employer must pay G. Zuern

overtime for any hours above 44 in a week.

The overtime rate is one and a half times your
regular hourly pay. In 2001, changes to the Act
will allow your employer to average the hours
over four weeks if you agree. That means your
employer does not have to pay the overtime
rate if you work 176 hours or less in a four-week
period. Also, if you agree, your employer can
give you time off instead of the overtime pay.
PREGNANCY AND PARENTAL lEAVE -
Starting on December 31, 2000, birth mothers
can take 17 weeks of pregnancy leave, and
another 35 weeks parental leave. The law will
protect their jobs for up to one year.
VACATION - Most people get at least two
weeks off after working for a full year for the
same employer. Vacation pay must be at least
4% of your total earnings for the year. If you
worked less than 12 months when you leave a
job, you must be paid at least 4% of all wages
you earned with that employer.
WHERE TO GET HELP AND INFORMATION
You can get more information about
employment standards at the Ontario
Ministry of Labour's Web site at
<www.gov.on.ca/lab/es/ese.htm>.
If your rights are not respected at work,
you may be able to make a claim against
your employer. Call the Ministry of Labour,
Employment Standards Branch. The number
is in the blue pages of the phone book under
IIGovernment of Ontario."
You can also contact a community legal
clinic for help and information. The clinics
are listed under ilLegal Aid" or ilLegal Clinic"
in the white pages of the phone book. The
Community Legal Education Ontario (CLEO)
Web site is also helpful: <www.cleo.on.ca>.
Be careful! If there is a problem at work, it
may be safer if a group of employees talks to
the employer. But first, you should get advice
and know your rights. Always keep a record
of the dates and hours you work.

ONTARIO READER • 2007 CD

 TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key KEYWORDS
Write T (true) or F (false) in the blank. NOUN VERB
1. -L The Employment Standards Act sets the maximum advice contact
standards for working conditions. conditions protect
group sets
2. The federal government changed the Act in 2000.
leave ADJECTIVE
3. Ontario's general minimum wage is $7.54 an hour. problem extra
4. The Act says you have to work more than 48 hours rights voluntary
a week. vacation
wage
S. In 2001, changes to the Act will allow a 60-hour Answer key

6.
work week.
The hours between 48 and 60 a week will be voluntary.
mUse the correct key word.
The Employment Standards Act
7. Birth mothers can take S2 weeks off without losing l_----.:!:se~t::!...s__ the minimum
their jobs.
standards for working
8. If you leave your job before working for a year, the
employer doesn't have to give you any vacation pay. 2'-----. It gives
employees certain 3 : - - - -
9. It's a good idea to keep a record of the dates and
hours you work. at work. For example, if a
mother takes pregnancy leave,
the Act will 4 - - - - -
III WHICH WORD SHOULD I USE? Answer key
her job for up to one year.
Use one of these words: must, have to, should, can
1. Your employer
2. You do not
must pay at least $6.85 an hour.
work more than 48 hours a
m Word Clues
Which key word is it?
week unless you want to.
1. earnings per hour _ __
3. Your employer pay overtime for any hours
above 44 in a week. 2. additional _ _ _ _ __
4. If you agree, your employer does not pay the 3. a number of people _ __
overtime rate if you worked 176 hours or less in four weeks. 4. holiday _ _ _ _ _ __
S. If you agree, the employer give you time off
instead of overtime pay. 5. difficulty _ _ _ _ __
6. Birth mothers take 17 weeks of pregnancy leave. 6. helpful information or
suggestions _ _ _ _ __
7. Vacation pay be at least 4% of your total
earnings for the year. 7. time off work _ _ _ __
8. If you want, you contact a legal clinic for 8. talk to; get in touch with
help and information.
9. Before you talk to your employer about a problem at
work, you get adVice. 9. acting on your own free will;
opposite of compulsory
10. You always keep a record of the dates and
hours you work .

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 Great minds look alike
* Raktim and Nilava Ghatak
are identical twins. They also
have identical career goals,
and almost identical grades.
The brothers, 19, were born
six minutes apart. Their final
high school marks were 0.1 %
apart. Raktim, the older
brother, had a 99.3% average.
His score was tied for first
place among students in the
Toronto District School Board.
Nilava got 99.2%.' His score
was tied for second best.
"We basically go through
everything together, and we
hel p each other," said Raktim. TOP MARKS: Identical twins Raktim, left, and Nilava Ghatak, 19.
, The brothers graduated from
Kipling Collegiate in Etobicoke.
They both won scholarships HIGH SCHOOL IN ONTARIO
from York University. They
are going to study physics and
*** Ontario's high school program is based on a credit
system. (High school is also called secondary school.)
mathematics. Both brothers
Students earn one credit for each 110-hour course that
want to be neurosurgeons.
they complete successfully. To get a high school diploma,
TIED FOR FIRST students must earn 30 credits. Eighteen of the credits are
Jessie Ding, 18, also had for compulsory courses. Twelve are for optional courses.
a 99.3% average. She tied In addition to the 30 credits, students must pass the
Raktim Ghatak for first place. Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test. They write the
Jessie was a student at Sir John test in Grade 10. The test evaluates students' reading and
A. Macdonald Collegiate. "I'm writing abilities up to the end of Grade 9. ESL students
very honoured and proud," she will take the test only when they have reached this level
said. She won a scholarship to in their language studies.
the Massachusetts Institute of To get a high school diploma, students must also
Technology. complete 40 hours of volunteer work in the community.
Jessie and Raktim are very
bright students. But they don't NO GRADE 13 - In 1999, the Government of Ontario
spend all their time studying. started a new high school curriculum. The new program
Jessie is in her school's science only has Grades 9 through 12. There will no longer be
and computer clubs. She also a Grade 13.
spends time watching movies In 2003, there will be a double graduating class (the last
and hanging out with her students from Grade 13, and the first Grade 12 graduates
friends. Raktim tutors other from the new program). That means there will be stiff
students in math. He also competition for admission to colleges and universities.
spends time cooking, The provincial government is giving money to colleges
gardening, and watching TV. and universities to prepare for this.
Adapted with permission - Toronto Star Syndicate

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 CD

 TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key KEYWORDS
1. l Raktim and Nilava Ghatak are the same age. NOUN VERB

2. They also look the same. average graduated

high school study
3. They had identical final marks in high school. tied
marks
4. They helped each other with their school work. scholarships ADVERB
S. They both won scholarships from York University. student apart
6. The brothers both want to be nuclear physicists. twins ADJECTIVE

7. Jessie Ding tied Raktim Ghatak for first place. university identical
8. She also won a scholarship to York University. Answer key

9. Jessie and Raktim spend all their time studying. Ii] Use the correct key word.
1. Raktim and Nilava Ghatak
are _....!t:..!:w~in:..!.:s~--
111 PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE Answers on page 39
Write the correct form of these verbs. One verb is used more 2. The were born six minutes
than once. be, have, graduate, study, want
1. The Ghatak brothers are identical twins. 3. Thejlook alike. They are
_ _ _ _ _ twins.
2. They also identical career goals.
3. The brothers born six minutes apart. 4. The brothers were in
4. Their final high-school marks 0.1 % apart. _ _ _ _ _ _ together.
S. They from Kipling Collegiate. S. They from
6. They physics at university. Kipling Collegiate.
7. Both brothers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ neurosurgeons. 6. Their final _ _ _ _ __
were 0.1 % apart.
Iii HOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? 7. Raktim had a 99.3%
Check your answers in "High School in Ontario" on page 39.
Ontario's high school program is based on a credit 8. Jessie Ding Raktim
system (High school is also called school). for first place in the Toronto
District School Board.
Students one credit for each 110-hour course
that they successfully. To get a high school 9. Jessie was a _ _ _ _ __
at Sir John A. Macdonald
_____, students must earn 30 credits. Eighteen of the
Collegiate.
credits are for compulsory . Twelve are for
_____ courses. In addition to the 30 credits, students 10. Jessie, Raktim, and Nilava
won _ _ _ _ __
must _____ the Ontario Secondary School Literacy
Test. They the test in Grade 10. The test 11. All three are going to
evaluates students' reading and abilities up to
the end of Grade 9. ESL students will take the test only when 12. The Ghatak brothers are
going to _ _ _ _ __
they have this level in their language studies.
physics and math.
To get a high school diploma, students must also complete
40 hours of work in the community.
CIi) ONTARIO READER • 200 7
 HIGH ACHIEVER
Scholarship winner overcame many disadvantages
** Nicholas Broczkowski didn't have it easy.
He didn't have a father at home. His family
was poor. And he grew up in a neighbourhood
where there were a lot of drugs and violent
crime. With so many disadvantages, many
young people would have given up. But
Broczkowski didn't. Instead, he is a scholarship
winner and a student at York University.
"It all depends on what you choose," he said.
Broczkowski, 18, is an immigrant from
Trinidad. His mother was a single parent on
disability assistance. She struggled to raise
her three children.
Broczkowski was an honours student at
his high school in Toronto. He was a leader
in school and community activities. He
volunteered at food banks and homeless
shelters. He also helped to create a Web site
that helps people in his community. For these
academic and community achievements,
Broczkowski won a Harry Jerome Scholarship
in October 2000.
Harry Jerome was a famous Canadian track-
and-field athlete. Every year, scholarships are
awarded in his name. They are given to Black
youth to encourage academic excellence in
college or university. David Cooper/Toronto Star

The scholarship will be a big help to FAMILY SUPPORT: Nicholas Broczkowski, 18,
Broczkowski. He had three summer jobs with his mother Yasmin Maharaj, and sister
to make money for university. Ava, 14. Broczkowski won a scholarship.
Adapted with permission - Toronto Star Syndicate It will help pay for his university education.

FINANCIAL HELP FOR STUDENTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

*** The Ontario Student Assistance Program (OSAP) helps students from lower-income
families who need money for post-secondary education (e.g. college, university). How much
money you can get from OSAP depends on your family's income. It also depends on your
educational costs such as tuition, books, and basic living expenses. Assistance from OSAP is
not a gift. It is a loan from a bank. The government pays the interest on the loan while you
are studying. When you finish your studies, you have to start paying the interest on the
loan. Within six months, you also have to start paying off the loan in monthly payments.
You can find out more about OSAP at its Web site: <http://osap.gov.on.ca>.
Did you know? Undergraduate arts students now pay an average of $3,380 a year for tuition.

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •

 YES OR NO? Answer key

Use Was or Did to make a question. Then answer the question. NOUN VERB
1. Was Nicholas born in Canada? ~ achievements depends
2. his family rich? _ _ assistance overcame
community struggled
3. Nicholas grow up in a good neighbourhood? _ _ disadvantages volunteered
4. he take a lot of drugs? _ _ education ADJECTIVE
S. his mother a single parent? _ _ neighbourhood academic
tuition post-secondary
6. _ _ she have an easy time raising her children? _ _
Answer key
7. Nicholas get good marks at school? _ _ mUse the correct key word.
8. he a leader in community activities? _ _ Broczkowski's scholarship will
9. he volunteer at a homeless shelter? _ _ help pay for his university
10. he win a scholarship because he was a good athlete?_ 1
education . He won the
11. Harry Jerome a famous musician? _ _ scholarship because of his
volunteer work in his
m WORD FAMILIES Answer key 2 ' - - - - - . He also won
because of his 3 ; - - - - -
achieved, achievements, achiever, volunteer, volunteered
achievements in high school.
Nicholas is a high 1 achiever . While he was in high
Broczkowski 4 - - - - -
school, he 2 excellent marks. His many
many disadvantages. How did
3 helped his community. He was a 4 1 - - - - -
he do it? "It all 5 - - - - -
at a food bank. He also 5 at a homeless shelter.
on Wh~it you choose," he said.

m HOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? Ii vVord Clues

Which key word is it?
Write the correct word. Check answers in "Financial Help for Students" p. 47
1. worked without pay
The Ontario Student Assistance Program (OSAP) 1 helps
students from lower-income families who need money for
2. opposite of opportunities
2 education (e.g. college, university). How much
money you can get from OSAP 3 on your family's 3. the area you live in
income. It also depends on your educational 4 - - - - -
such as tuition, books, and basic living 5 - - - - - 4. accomplishments
.\ssistance from 9SAP is not a It is a loan from
6-6_ _ _ _ _ •

a7 . The government pays the 8 1 - - - - - on S. tried very hard _ _ __

the loan while you are studying. When you 9 - - - - -
1
6. help (noun) _ _ __
your studies, you have to 10 paying the interest 7. cost to enrol in univerSity
on the loan. Within six months, you also 11 to
start paying off the loan in monthly 12 • You can 8. after high school
'~_ _ _ _ out more about OSAP at its Web site.
13-

CD ONTARIO READER • 200 1

 VARD$ALES
Front lawns become weekend bargain centres
** Looking for bargains?
Go to yard sales. They're easy to
find, especially in the spring. That's
when people do their" spring
cleaning." They want to get rid of
things they don't need.
On weekends in May and June,
there are yard sales everywhere.
Most neighbourhoods have at least
one lawn or driveway full of stuff
for sale.
People sell everything: used
clothes, furniture, dishes, tools, and
books. Kids clothes and toys are
often good buys at yard sales.
Some people go to yard sales every
weekend. They are serious bargain
hunters. Lin Taylor, of Toronto, said
she's "hooked." On Saturdays, she Keith Beaty/Taranto Star
goes to as many as she can. She ... Sally Chow shows off some of the stuff she is trying
maps out her route the night before. to sell in her yard sale in Toronto.
"I bought my sister a television
for $20, and it works beautifully,"
she said. "But you have to bargain. TIPS FOR BUYERS - - - - - - - - - - . . . . ,
It was $40."
Haggling is part of the yard-sale • To find out about yard sales, look for posters and
signs in the neighbourhood.
experience.
"People expect to haggle. It • Check the newspaper classified ads. Look in the
doesn't matter what price you put "merchandise" section under "yard sales" or
on something. They expect to get it "garage sales."
for less, but that's part of the fun,"
said Lori Durham of Scarborough. • Saturdays are the best days for yard sales.
For Durham, having a yard sale • Go early in the morning for the best variety of
is fun. It's a great way to meet items.
neighbours. It's also a way to bring
• Go late in the afternoon for the best prices. At that
in some'spare cash.
time, sellers are tired. Anything that's left over,
Lindsay Hall of Toronto has a
they practically give away.
yard sale every year. He usually
makes $400 to $1,000 each time. • Bring lots of change.
That's not bad for selling unwanted
• Make sure children's furniture meets new safety
things, he said. "We got rid of our
standards. For example, a crib or car seat made in
good and bad junk."
the 1980s no longer meets today's standards.
Adapted with permISsion - Taranto Star Syndicate

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •

 TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key KEYWORDS
Write T (true) or F (false). If the sentence is false, correct it. NOUN VERB

_ Youron~~
1. _ F cau~ find b ' at yard sales.
argams bargain haggle
change sell
2. There are lots of yard sales in the spring. fun
3. Some people go to yard sales every day. junk ADJECTIVE

4. People haggle at yard sales. neighbours used

price
5. Yard sales are a great way to meet neighbours. tips IDIOM I~
6. They are also a way to bring in spare cash. variety get rid of
weekend spare cash
7. Mondays are the best days for yard sales.
Answer key
8. The best variety of items is in the afternoon.
Word Clues
9. The best prices are in the morning.
Which key word is it?
1. people who live nearby
m MISSING VERBS Answers in "Tips for Buyers," page 43 neighbours
Write the correct form of these verbs in the blank. 2. enjoyment; a good time
Some verbs are used more than once.
be, bring, check, find, look, give, go, make, meet 3. the cost of something
To 1 find out about yard sales, 2 - - - - - for
posters and signs in the neighbourhood. 4. a good buy, cheap price
_ _ _ _ _ the newspaper classified ads.
Saturdays ~ the best days for yard sales. 5. negotiate for a better price
5---- early in the morning for the best variety of items.
6 late in the afternoon for the best prices. 6. opposite of buy _ _ __
At that time, sellers 7 tired. Anything that's left 7. extra money _ _ _ __
over, they practically 8 away. 8. many choices _ _ _ __
9 lots of change.
9. Saturday and Sunday
10 sure children's furniture meets new safety
standards. For example, a crib or car seat made in the 1980s
10. unwanted or worthless
no longer 1 1 - - - - - today's standards. things _ _ _ _ _ __ J
11. second-hand; not new
mWORDS FOR BARGAIN HUNTERS Answer key

Use the correct word: buy, bargain, cash, costs, pay, price, sell. 12. throwaway; remove
You should 1 buy that TV. The 2 is very
low. It 3 much less than the same TV I bought 13. advice _ _ _ _ _ __
last week. If you 4 in 5 ' maybe they 14. coins _ _ _ _ _ _ __
will 6 it for less. That would be a 7-----

• ONTARIO READER· 2007

 CANADIAN WEDDINGS
Couples are finding original ways to celebrate their big day
*** More than 170,000 couples FACTS
get married in Canada every year.
Some choose a traditional wedding. & FIGURES
But many are finding original ways
to celebrate their marriage. • Weddings are
Today, many couples forego the a $4.5 billion-a-
large church wedding followed by a year industry in
lavish reception. Instead, they choose Canada.
simple, non-traditional weddings.
Their ceremonies often reflect their ~On the average,
multicultural backgrounds. o:Canadian grooms
,~re two years
Garry Kollins, 28, and Anisa Khan,
'older than brides.
34, are good examples. After dating for
three years, they decided to marry.
They were both born in Toronto, :tecent statistics •..
but have very different backgrounds. (1998)sl1ow that
Kollins's parents are religious Jews. 36% of marriages
Khan's parents are Muslims. Her . end in divorce.'
father is Indian, and her mother is Seven years"
Welsh. Kollins and Khan decided to earlier, the figure
have a non-religious ceremony. They Are traditional weddings disappearing? was 50%.
were married by a justice of the peace
in a civil ceremony. Afterwards they They wanted a western wedding o. In 1996, 39%
had a lunch for family members at a because they live in Canada. But in of Canadian
couples aged
restaurant. Khan wore a traditional the afternoon, they changed into 20-29 lived in
Indian wedding gown, and the food traditional, red Chinese wedding common-law
was mostly Indian. Her Welsh relatives clothes. They had a tea-pouring relationships
gave traditional gifts, including a ceremony to bring fortune and good , (living together,
horseshoe to hang over their door. luck. Then they went to a restaurant but not married).
To honour Kollins's heritage, tl).ey did for a 10-course Chinese dinner. For
a traditional Jewish blessing over the Woo and Chan it was important to • The majority of .
bread. They wanted to keep their honour both cultures. people who
wedding simple, but to include what Canada's multicultural society is divorce remarry.
was important to each of the families. one reason wedding traditions are ° Men are more
Lori and Stohan Simeunovic of changing. Another reason is that likely to remarry
/ Calgary also wanted to keep their brides and grooms are older today
than women ...
wedding simple. So they hopped on than in the past. The average age of
a plane and flew to the Cook Islands first marriages in 1962 was 25.2 for • In 1993, 33%
of all Canadian
in the Pacific. They said their vows men, and 22.5 for women. By 1997, marriages . .
standing barefoot on the beach. it had risen to 29.3 years for men, and involved at least
Jenny Woo and Richard Chan of 27.3 for women. As a result, couples one partner who
Winnipeg also celebrated in a unique are more likely to plan and pay for was previously
way. They wed at an Anglican church. their own weddings. They choose married.
Woo, 28, wore a white gown with a ceremonies that reflect their values
small train. Chan, 30, wore a tuxedo. instead of what their parents want.
Adapted with permission - Maclean's

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 CD

 TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key KEYWORDS
Write T (true) or F (false). If the sentence is false, correct it. NOUN VERB
year
1. L More than 170,000 couples marry in Canada per~nth. backgrounds celebrate
ceremony honour
2. __ None choose a traditional wedding. marriage(s) many
3. __ Many are finding original ways to marry. relatives plan
4. __ Our multicultural society is changing wedding traditions. traditions ADJECTIVE
values original
5. __ The average age of first marriages is decreasing. vows simple
6. __ More couples plan their own weddings. wedding
Answer key
7. __ On average, Canadian brides are older than grooms.
8. __ The rate of divorce is decreasing.
mUse the correct key word.
Many Canadian couples
9. __ Most people who divorce remarry.
choose a non-traditional
1 wedding . They want to
III WHO WAS IT? Answers on page 45 2 their marriage
1. He wore a tuxedo. Richard Chan in an original way. Some
couples want a simple, non-
2. She wore a traditional Indian wedding gown.
religious 3 • Some
3. They had a wedding in an Anglican church.
want to 4 their
4. They said their vows barefoot on a beach.
multicultural 5 - - - - -
5. They did a traditional Jewish blessing over the bread. Canada's multicultural society
6. They had a tea-pouring ceremony for good luck. is one reason wedding
7. She's older than her husband. 6 are changing.
8. They dated for three years before marrying. Also, many couples are older,
so they 7 and pay
for their weddings themselves.
Ii CHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers on page 45
They choose ceremonies that
Correct the mistake in the underlined verbs. reflect their 8 ' not
celebrate /
1. Many are finding original ways to celebratirtg their marriage. what their parents want. Maybe,
I
that's why fewer 9
2. After dating for three years, they decided marry.
- - - - -
1

are ending in divorce.

3. They decided to having a non-religious ceremony.
4. They wanted keep their wedding simple. II Synonyms: Which key
word has the same meaning?
5. Khan weared a traditional Indian wedding gown.
1. unique
6. Her Welsh relatives did give traditional gifts.
2. promises
7. They said their vows stand barefoot on the beach.
3. wed; get married
8. For Woo and Chan it was important honour both cultures. 4. family members _ _ __
9. As a result, couples are more likely to plan and paying for 5. uncomplicated _ _ _ __
their own weddings.

(9 ONTARIO READER • 2007

 Getting married
the traditional way
** What's a traditional "Canadian" wedding?
That's hard to say because Canada has always been a
country of diverse cultures. But here are some customs
that have been part of many Canadian weddings.

• The bride usually wears a white gown. She may

wear a veil and carry a bouquet of flowers.
WEDDING CUSTOMS
• The groom wears a suit or tuxedo.
WORLDWIDE
• The bride's wedding party may include a Maid
of Honour and some bridesmaids. They often There are many different
wear fancy dresses. wedding customs in
countries around the world.
• The groom's wedding party may include a a
Here are few examples.
Best Man and some ushers. They often wear
tuxedos. China --.: The parents of
the bride give cake to the
• The cars of the wedding party are brightly wedding guests.
decorated. The drivers honk the horns to
celebrate. France - A French groom
cannot see his bride in her
• The marriage ceremony is often in a church wedding dress until the
or other place of worship. wedding.
• The bride and groom give each other gold St. Vincent ~'Friends throw
rings. The bride's engagement ring is usually rice at the bride and groom.
a diamond. Rice 15,a symbol of fertility.
• After the ceremony, there is a reception with Philippines - The groom's
a meal and dancing. family gives the couple old
• Wedding guests bring a gift for the newly coins' for prosperity.
married couple. Italy - The married couple
• The bride and groom cut a wedding cake. and their guests get candied
Each guest receives a piece of cake. Some people almonds
,~ .,
,
for'good luck.
' , . -,:, ' ,

put the cake under their pillow that night. They Lithuania-· Parents serve
believe that what they dream will come true. the bride' and groom a
• The bride throws her bouquet of flowers over symbolic meal of wine for
her shoulder to the single women. Whoever joy, bread for work, and salt
catches it will marry next. for tears.

1""'\ A.. ITA nll""'\ nrAnrn _ "1"'11"\1 ~

 CHECK THE FACTS Answers on page 47 KEYWORDS
Each sentence has one word or fact that is not correct. NOUN VERB
Find the mistake and correct it. bride guests wear
~ride couple luck
1. The gro~ usually wears a white gown.
customs ring ADJECTIVE
2. The groom wears a dress or tuxedo. gift symbol fancy
gown tuxedo single
3. The bridesmaids often wear simple dresses.
groom
4. The groom's wedding party may include a Best Maid. Answer key
5. The houses of the wedding party are brightly decorated. Use the correct key word.
6. The marriage ceremony is often in a restaurant.
The 1 groom put a gold
7. The bride and groom give each other diamond rings.
2 - - - - -on the bride's
8. Before the ceremony, there is a reception.
finger. Then the happy
9. Wedding guests bring a gift for the bride's parents.
- - - - - kissed.
10. Each guest receives a wedding cake.
The wedding 4 - - - - -
11. The bride throws her bouquet of flowers over her
shoulder to the married women. wished the couple good
5,-----. They also
E1I CHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers on page 47 threw rice as a 6 . - - - - -
Each sentence has a mistake in word order. Correct the mistake. of fertility.

1. What's iCanadian tradi~ional wedding?

Word Clues
2. Canada has been always a country of diverse cultures.
Which key word is it?
3. The bride usually wears a gown white. 1. a woman on her wedding
4. The bridesmaids wear often fancy dresses. day _ _ _ _ _ _ __

5. The cars of the wedding party brightly are decorated. 2. opposite of simple
6. The marriage ceremony often is in a church.
3. a formal suit for a man
7. The bride and groom give each other rings gold.
8. Wedding guests bring for the newly married couple a gift. 4. traditions _ _ _ _ __
9. The bride tbrows her bouquet of flowers over her shoulder 5. unmarried _ _ _ _ __
to the women single.
6. a dress

Ii TRY THIS! 7. a present

Are you married? 8. have on; be dressed in

Describe your wedding.
Describe a traditional wedding in your native country.

CD) ONTARIO READER • 2007

WINTER SPORTS

** Hockey is Canada's most popular

winter sport. Many Canadians play this
game as amateurs and professionals.
Hockey originated in Canada. Now,
it is an important sport in more than
20 countries.

HISTORY OF HOCKEY
• People first played stick and ball games
on ice in northern England. British soldiers
brought these games to Canada in the
early 1800s.
• In 1855, soldiers in Kingston played
the first game of ice hockey. They wore
skates with long blades. They used field
hockey sticks and a b a l l . '
• In 1864, a Canadian manufacturer built skates with short blades. This made it easier
to stop and turn on the ice. More people started playing hockey.
• In 1875, university students in Montreal made up some rules for the game. They also
played with a wooden puck instead of a ball. After that, many hockey teams were
organized in cities across Canada.
• In 1893, Canada's Governor General, Lord Stanley, donated a trophy for the national
hockey championship. The first Stanley Cup game was played on March 22, 1894.
• The National Hockey League (NHL) was established in 1917. Until 1967, there were
only six teams in the NHL. Today there are 30 teams in Canada and the United States.

** Curling is an old game. It started

in Scotland about 500 years ago. Today,
it is a popular winter sport in Canada.
Canada's first curling club was
established in 1807. Now, there are
about 1,300 clubs and a million curlers
across the country.
In curling, two teams play against
each other. There are four players on a
team. The players take turns sliding a
"rock" down a sheet of ice. They aim for
a target circle at the other end of the ice.
They try to get closer to the centre of the
circle than their opponents. The players
also use a broom to sweep the ice in
front of a moving rock. That helps the
rock go further and in a straight line.
Canadian teams have won many
world curling championships.
Susan Bradnam/The London Free Press

ONTARIO READER· 2007 CD

 PUT IT IN ORDER Answers in "History of Hockey," page 49 KEYWORDS
Number these sentences in the correct order. NOUN VERB
centre aim
D Until 1967, there were only six teams in the NHL. ice originated
In 1875, students in Montreal made up some rules for puck play
D hockey. After that many hockey teams were organized. rules
sport
sliding (slide)

D Today, there are 30 NHL teams in Canada and the U.S.A. teams Answer key
Soldiers in Kingston played the first game of ice
D hockey. They wore skates with long blades. Use the correct key word.
1. Hockey is Canada's most
Lord Stanley donated a trophy for the national hockey popular winter sport
D championship. The first Stanley Cup game was in 1894. 2. Many Canadians _ _ __
A Canadian manufacturer built skates with short this game.
D blades. More people started playing hockey. 3. Hockey _ _ _ __
[!] People played stick and ball games on ice in England. in Canada.

D The National Hockey League was established.

4. Some students made up
the first _ _ _ _ __
of hockey in 1875.
HOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? 5. In hockey, players skate
on _ _ _ _ __
Write the correct verb in the blank. Answers in "Curling," page 49
6. They try to shoot a
Curling 1 is an old game. It 2 - - - - - in _ _ _ _ _ _ into a net.
Scotland about 500 years ago. Today, it 3 - - - - - a 7. In curling, two _ _ __
popular winter sport in Canada. Canada's first curling club play against each other.
8. Players take turns _ __
1_ _ _ _ _ established in 1807. Now, there 5 , - - - - -
a rock down the ice.
about 1,300 clubs and a million curlers across the country.
9. They _ _ _ _ _ for the
In curling, two teams 6 against each other. _ _ _ _ of a target circle
There 7 four players on a team. The players
8:----- turns sliding a "rock" down a sheet of ice. mWord Family
They 9 1- - - - - for a target circle at the other end of the origin, original, originated
ice. They try to 10)----- closer to the centre of the 1. Curling in
Scotland.
circle than their opponents. The players also 1 1 - - - - -
2. The of curling
a broom to sweep the ice in front of a moving rock. That was a game played in
12~----- the rock go further and in a straight line. Scotland 500 years ago.
Canadian teams have 13.----- many world 3. The game was
very different from curling
curling championships. today.

mi) ONTARIO READER • 2001

The Great One hangs up his skates
** Most Canadians agree: Wayne Gretzky
was the best hockey player ever.
In 1999, after 20 years in the National
Hockey League (NHL), "The Great One" retired.
He ended his hockey career with 61 NHL
records. He scored the most goals. He made
the most assists. And he was the youngest
player ever, to score 50 goals in a season.
A STAR IS BORN
Wayne Gretzky was born in Brantford,
Ontario, in 1961. He learned to skate at age
three, on a frozen river on his grandparents'
farm. Later, his father built an ice rink in the
backyard. Wayne was always on the ice. He
loved playing hockey.
By age 10, he was already an amazing
player. That year, he scored 378 goals in 68
games. When he was 17, he began playing
professional hockey. A year later, he played
in the NHL with the Edmonton Oilers. At 19,
he won the trophy for the NHL's most
valuable player. Four years later, Gretzky led
the Oilers to their first Stanley Cup (NHL
championship). By then, the skinny kid
from Brantford was Canada's biggest star.
BRILLIANT CAREER
* Wayne Gretzky was hockey's greatest
player. He retired in 1999.
Gretzky helped the Edmonton Oilers win
four Stanley Cups. He also helped Canada win Position: Centre.
three world hockey championships. Number: 99.
In 1988, he was traded to the Los Angeles
Kings. That was bad for Canadian hockey fans, Teams: Played for Edmonton Oilers,
but good for the NHL. Many people believe Los Angeles Kings, St. Louis Blues, and
Gretzky's popularity built the success of hockey New York Rangers.
in the United States. In 1988, there were 21 NHL Records: Holds 61 National Hockey
teams. When Gretzky retired, there were 27. League (NHL) records.
What made Gretzky so great?
Career points: 894 goals and 1,963
He said that maybe it was his passion for the assists in 1,487 regular-season games.
game. "I approached each game like it was a
Stanley Cup playoff game." Awards: NHL scoring leader 10 times.
Goaltenders said he didn't have the hardest "Most Valuable Player" nine times.
shot, yet he holds the NHL record of 92 goals Championships: Won four Stanley Cups
in one season. Although he scored a lot, he with the Edmonton Oilers, and three
was always a team player. His biggest talent world hockey championships with
was setting up other players to score. In his 20 Team Canada.
years in the NHL, he made a record 1,963 assists.

ONTARIO READER. 200 1 •

 MATCH IT UP Answers in "Wayne Gretzky, " on page 51 KEYWORDS
Match the information about Wayne Gretzky. NOU~ VERB ADJECTIVE
assists ended amazing
1. Retirement:~ 894 goals and 1,963 assists. fans led (lead) professional
2. Position: 61 NHL records. goals retired valuable
3. Number: 99. records score
season skate
4. Teams: in 1999. star
5. Records: 4 Stanley Cups, 3 world championships trophy
Answer key
6. Career points: Most Valuable Player 9 times
mUse the correct key word.
7. Awards: Centre.
After 20 years in the NHL,
8. Championships: Edmonton Oilers and 3 other teams.
Wayne Gretzky 1 retired
III PUT IT IN ORDER Answers on page 57 He 2 his hockey
Number these sentences in the correct order. career with 61 NHL 3 - - -

D He was traded to the Los Angeles Kings. He scored the most 4 - - -

He made the most 5 - - - -
D By age 10, he was already an amazing player. And he was the youngest
D He retired from hockey in 1999. player ever to 6 - - - - -
D He learned to skate at age 3. 50 goals in a 7 - - - - -
D When he was 17, he began playing professional hockey. Gretzky learned to ~ _ _ __
at age three. By age 10, he
QJ Wayne Gretzky was born in Brantford, Ontario.
was already an 9 - - - - -
D At 19, he won the trophy for the NHL's most valuable player. player. He began playing
D His popularity built the success of hockey in the U.S.A. 1Of------ hockey at 17.
D Four years later, Gretzky led the Oilers to their first At 19, he won the 11.----

Stanley Cup. for the most 12~----­

player in the NHL. Four years
Ii SUPERLATIVE Answers on page 5 7
later, he 13 the
Complete the sentences about Wayne Gretzky.
Oilers to their first Stanley
1. Wayne Gretzky was the best hockey player ever.
Cup. By then, Wayne Gretzky
2. He scored the goals.
3. He made the assists. was Canada's biggest
4. He was the player ever to score 50 goals in a season. 1.. • Hockey
5. At 19, he was the NHL's most player. 15,----- loved watching
6. The skinny kid from Brantford was Canada's _ _ _ _ star. him play.
7. He didn't have the shot.
8. His talent was setting up other players to score .

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7

 Canadian
curling
champion
loses her
life to
cancer

HEART OF GOLD * Sandra Schmirler was a

Canadian curling champion.
She died of cancer on March
** Curling champion Sandra Schmirler won the hearts 2, 2000. She was 36 years old.
of many Canadians. She loved to curl, and she loved to
win. But family and friends always came first. Born: June 11, 1963.
Schmirler won the women's world curling champion-
Hometown: Biggar,
ship three times. She also won a gold medal in the 1998
Olympics. But she could not win her fight against cancer.
Saskatchewan.
She died on March 2, 2000, at the age of 36. Residence: Regina.
Here death was very sad. She was a curling hero. She
was also a devoted and loving mother to her two young Family: Husband, Shannon;
daughters. She valued her family more than being a daughters, Sara, 2, and Jenna,
celebrity. 9 months.
Sandra Schmirler was born and raised in Biggar, a small Occupation: Recreation centre
town in Saskatchewan. She and her team won their first
supervisor.
Canadian women's curling championship in 1993. They
went on to win the world championship three times. Curling accomplishments:
Her first daughter, Sara, was born just before the Her team won three Canadian
1998 Winter Olympics. Schmirler cried when she won and world championships
the gold medal. She said she would hang it over her (1994,1997,1999). They
daughter's crib. In August 1999, she was diagnosed with won the Olympic gold medal
cancer, shortly after the birth of her second child, Jenna. in 1998.
Schmirler underwent radiation treatments and
chemotherapy. She vowed to return to curling soon.
But that never happened.
Schmirler loved life. She had a bright, warm
personality. People remember her with laughter and
tears because that's how she lived her life.

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •

 PUT IT TOG ETH ER Answers in one-star story on page 53
Make complete sentences about Sandra Schmirler. NOUN VERB
birth diagnosed
1. Sandra Schmirler was a ~ Biggar, Saskatchewan.
celebrity happened
2. She was born ~ gold medal in 1998. champion remember
3. She died of cancer Canadian curling champion. fight valued
life vowed
4. Her hometown was Sara, 2, and ]enna, 9 months.
personality
5. She lived on June 11, 1963. treatments
6. She had two daughters, world championships. tears
Answer key
7. Her occupation was in Regina. iii Use the correct key word.
8. Her team won three on March 2, 2000.
Sandra Schmirler was a
9. They won the Olympic recreation centre supervisor.
curling 1 champion. But she
TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key 2----- her family more
1. ~ Many Canadians liked Schmirler. than being a 3 - - - - -
2. She was a curling champion who loved to win. In August 1999, she was
3. She valued curling more than her friends and family. 4----- with cancer,
4. She lost a gold medal in the 1998 Olympics. shortly after the 5 . - - - - -
5. She did not win her fight against cancer. ;Jf her second child, Jenna.
6. She grew up in Biggar, Saskatchewan.
'lchmirler underwent
7. She was a loving mother to her two young daughters.
,'adiation 6 , - - - - - and
8. She returned to curling after chemotherapy.
9. She was a sad personality. chemotherapy. She 7'----

to return to curling soon.

MISSING VERBS Answers on page 53 But that never s._ _ _ ___
Use the correct form of these verbs. Some are used twice. She lost her 9 - - - - -
come, cry, die, love, say, win against cancer on March 2,
1.Schmirler loved to curl and to win. 2000. Schmirler loved
2. But family and friends always first. _ _ _ _• She had a
101-
3. She a gold medal in the 1998 Olympics.
bright, warm 1 1 - - - - -
4. But she could not _____ her fight against cancer.
People 1 2 ! - - - - - her with
5. Schmirler _ _ _ _ _ when she won the gold medal.
laughter and 1 3 - - - - -
6. She she would hang it over her daughter's crib.
because that's how she lived
7. She on March 2, 2000 at the age of 36.
her life.
8. Schmirler _ _ _ _ _ life .

• ONTARIO READER. 2007

WINDSO
*** Windsor is Ontario's
southernmost city. Located
on the Canada-U.S.A. border,
directly across from Detroit,
Windsor is Canada's busiest
port of entry.
The modern city of Windsor
grew from a chain of separate
towns along the Detroit River,
between Lakes Erie and St.
Clair. The original settlers
came because of the area's rich
agricultural lands. Later, the
promise of jobs in Windsor's
factories attracted immigrants
from many countries.
The Detroit skyline domin-
ates the view from Windsor's
waterfront. It's a scene that
symbolizes the strong economic
ties between the two cities. In
the early 1900s, American auto
companies built Windsor's
reputation as the "automotive
capital of Canada./I Today,
Windsor is a manufacturing
and tourism centre that serves
both sides of the border.
Early development
The first European settlers in Windsor's population grew
the Windsor area were French. from 21,000 in 1908, to
They established a farming
community in 1749. In the
late 1700s, British settlers
arrived. A village developed
around the ferry connection
with Detroit. This community Windsor Auto Tunnel strength-
became Windsor in 1836.
During the mid-1800s, the
Windsor area was a destination cross-border trade and the auto
for thousands of Blacks fleeing industry continue to be the
slavery in the United States.
The arrival of the Great
Western Railway in 1854 was
the beginning of significant
industrial growth. In 1857,
the Hiram Walker distillery
brought an important new
industry to the area.
Automotive age
In 1904, the Ford Motor
Company of Canada was
established. Other auto
companies, Chrysler and
General Motors, quickly
followed. Auto-parts plants
also sprang up. Soon the
Windsor area became the
automotive capital of Canada.
This was a period of great
prosperity and growth.
105,000 in 1928.
The Ambassador Bridge, the
world's longest international
suspension bridge opened in
1929. A year later, the Detroit-
ened Windsor's economic
links with Detroit. Today,
heart of Windsor's economy.
* Windsor is Ontario's
southernmost city and the
"automotive" capital of
Canada."
location: On the Detroit
River in the southwest
corner of Ontario. It's on the
Canada-U.S.A border across
from the city of Detroit.
Population: About 200,000.
Another 150,000 people
live in nearby towns.
Economy: Canada's fifth
largest manufacturing
centre. Key industries
include automobile and
parts manufacturing, food
and beverage production,
and tourism.
Family income: $55,479 a
year (median income, 1996).
Casino: The city's new
casino attracts thousands
of gamblers a year.
Border: Millions of foreign
visitors enter Canada
through Windsor every year.
ONTARIO READER· 2007 •
 mCHECK THE FACTS Answers on page 55 . . . ···KEYWORDS ..
Each sente~ce has one word or fact that is not correct. NOUN VERB
Find the mistake and correct it. border enter
southernmost companies strengthened
1. Windsor is Ontario's w~rnmost city.
development
2. It is located directly across from Chicago. factories ADJECTIVE
jobs agricultural
3. It is America's busiest port of entry.
period auto
4. About 2,000,000 people live in Windsor. prosperity
S. It is Canada's fifth largest agricultural centre. ties Answer key

6. It is also the automotive capital of North America. Ii Substitution: Replace the

underlined word with a key
7. The Detroit River connects Lakes Erie and Ontario. word that means the same.
8. The first European settlers in the Windsor area were British.
The Detroit River forms the
9. A village developed around the train connection with Detroit. border
I boundary between Canada
10. The early 1800s was a period of great prosperity and growth.
and the U.S.A. Every year
11. The Ambassador Tunnel opened in 1929.
millions of visitors 2 come into
12. Today, the auto industry is unimportant to Windsor. Canada through Windsor.

III WORD FAMILIES Answer key

The first settlers came because

Write the correct word in the blank. Use each word once. of the area's rich 3 farming
connected developed economy enter located industry lands. Later, immigrants
connection development economic entry location industrial looked for 4 employment in
Windsor is 1 located on the Canada-U.S.A. border. It is Windsor's factories.
Canada's busiest port of 2 • Millions of people The 5 car industry is important
3 Canada through Windsor every year. The city's to Windsor. In the early
4 directly across from Detroit is significant. The 1900s, American auto 6 firms
two cities have strong 5 ties. In the early 1800s, moved to Windsor. Auto-parts
a village 6 around the ferry 7 with 7 plants also sprang up. The
Detroit. Later, the Great Western Railway brought significant early 1900s was a 8 time of
8:----·- growth. In 1910, a railway tunnel under the great 9 wealth and 10 growth.
Detroit River 9-9_ _ _ _ _ the two cities. In the early 1900s,
The Detroit-Windsor Auto
the auto 10 brought great prosperity and
Tunnel II reinforced Windsor's
11 to Windsor. Today, the city's 1 2 : - - - - - economic 12 links with Detroit.
is still closely tied to Detroit and the auto industry.

• ONTARIO READER. 2001

 Black History Month
** February is Black History Month in Ontario. It celebrates the
contribution blacks have made to Ontario and Canada.

EARLY SETTLERS
Blacks have lived in Canada since the 1600s. Most of
Canada's early blacks were slaves. They had to work for the Harriet Tubman
French and British colonists. led many blacks
After the American Revolution in 1775-83, several thousand to freedom in
free blacks came to Canada from the United States. They Canada via the
settled in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Ontario. Underground
Blacks in Ontario were very loyal to Britain. In 1812, a black Railroad.
military unit fought for the British against the Americans. Reprinted with
Slavery was abolished in Ontario in 1833. penmssion -
Toronto Star
Syndicate

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
Between 1830 and 1865, thousands
of blacks came to Canada. They were
runaway slaves from the United States. People in Canada and
the United States helped the fugitive slaves escape. They used
secret routes and hiding places. This secret network was called
the Underground Railroad. One of its main destinations was
Windsor, Ontario.
Many of these refugees settled in southern Ontario.
By 1851, there were about 50,000 blacks in the province.
Their lives were very difficult. They were poor, and they
suffered from racism and discrimination.
Despite these problems, some blacks became very successful.
Two examples were Ruffin Abbott and William Hubbard.
Abbott became Canada's first black doctor in 1861. Hubbard
was a Toronto city councillor and acting mayor, 1894-1907.

20TH CENTURY
Canada's black population grew slowly until
the 1960s. At that time, the government
changed the immigration laws. The changes
removed a bias against non-white immigrants.
This allowed many black immigrants to come
to Canada. Between 1960 and 1980, about
200,000 immigrants from the West Indies and
90,000 from Africa came to Canada.
Today, black Canadians play important roles
in all areas of Canada's multicultural society. P. Gower/Toronto Star

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •

 TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key KEYWORDS
Write T (true) or F (false). If the sentence is false, correct it. NOUN VERB
~~600s contribution(s) abolished
1. ~ Blacks have lived in Canada since the I~Os.
destinations escape
2. Most of Canada's early blacks were slaves. freedom
3. After 1783, thousands of free blacks came to Canada. racism ADJECTIVE
slavery free
4. Some settled in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. secret
slaves
S. In 1812, a black military unit fought against the British.
Answer key
6. __ The Underground Railroad helped American slaves
Use the correct key word.
run away to Canada.
7. __ Many of these refugees settled in northern Ontario. Most of Canada's early blacks
8. __ Their lives in Ontario were easy. were 1 slaves . They were
9. Before 1960, Canada's immigration laws were unfair not 2 to do what
to non-whites.
they wanted. In 1833, slavery
was 3 , - - - - - in Ontario.
MATCH IT UP Answers on page 57
In the mid-1800s, many
Match the date or time period with the event.
blacks ran away from
1600s ~ Free blacks came from the U.S.A.
in the United
Late 1700s ~ Underground Railroad. -l~-----

1812 First blacks in Canada. States. They used a

1833 Canada's first black doctor. ;----- network to
Mid-1800s More than 200,000 black immigrants. . It was called
6)-----
1861 Ontario abolished slavery.
the Underground Railroad.
1960-80 Blacks fought for the British.
One of its main 7 ' - - - - -
was Windsor, Ontario. The
[!I PAST AND PRESENT Answers in "20th Century," page 57
refugees found 8-----
Use the correct form of these verbs. One verb is used twice.
in Ontario. But they also
allow, change, come, grow, play, remove
suffered from 9'-----
Canada's black population 1 grew slowly until the 1960s.
At that ti~e, the government 2 the immigration and discrimination. Despite
laws. The changes 3 a bias against non-white these problems, blacks made
immigrants. This 4 many black immigrants to important 1 O f - - - - - -
5 to Canada. Between 1960 and 1980, about 200,000 to Ontario.
immigrants from the West Indies and 90,000 from Africa
6 to Canada. Today, black Canadians 7 - - - - -
important roles in all areas of Canada's multicultural society.

• ONTARIO READER • 200 1

 REFUGEE CLAIM
Mother of five pleads to stay in Can'ada
** Amina Abdi Hussein is in a desperate
situation. Hussein, 29, is a single mother with
five children. She came to Canada from
Somalia ten years ago. Now, immigration
officials want to deport her. She must return
to Somalia with her two eldest daughters.
Hussein's eldest daughters are 10 and 9
years old. They were born in Somalia. Her
other three children were born in Canada.
Hussein is frightened for her children and
for herself. She is afraid her family will have
to split up. She also worries about the safety
of her daughters. She says conditions in
Somalia are difficult and dangerous.
LIFE IN LIMBO
In 1991, Hussein fled the war in Somalia
with her husband and two children.
When they arrived in Canada, the family
claimed refugee status. Amina's application
was included with her husband's. But he
didn't allow her to become involved in the
process. The claim was rejected. Sometime
later, her husband abandoned her and their
five children.
Since then, Hussein has lived alone on
social assistance. She appealed the rejection
of her refugee claim. But her appeal was also
denied. In November 1999, immigration
officials arrested her. She spent three days in REFUGEE CLAIMANTS - - - - - - - - - - ,
detention. They told her she was in Canada
illegally and had to leave. Refugee claimants are people who come to
Now she is making a final effort to stay Canada and ask for protection. They say that
here. She is applying to stay on humanitarian their lives are in danger if they return to
and compassionate grounds. their home country. The Immigration and
While she waits for the decision, her life is Refugee Board decides if these people are
in limbo. And she worries. "It's sad, sad. truly refugees who need protection.
Horrible. I have nightmares, and I'm afraid In 1999, there were about 25,000 refugee
of what will happen," she said. claims made in Canada. On average, about
She's not alone in her fears. Her nine-year- 50% of claims are successful.
old daughter Iman was two months old when
she came to Canada. She is worried, too. She EDITOR'S NOTE: At the time of publication,
likes her school. She enjoys math and playing we did not know whether Hussein was
basketball. "It makes me frightened, because allowed to stay in Canada or not. What do
I see my mom frightened." you think Immigration Canada will do?
Adapted with permission - Toronto Star Syndicate

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 4»

 WHAT'S THE ANSWER Answers on page 59 KEYWORDS
Answer the questions. Write on a separate piece of paper. NOUN VERB

1. How many children does Amina have? nightmares appealed

She has five children. officials applying (apply)
protection deport
2. What do immigration officials want to do? refugee rejected
3. What is Amina worried about? ADJECTIVE return
4. When did she come to Canada? afraid split up
S. What happened to her family's refugee claim? final worries
successful
6. What did her husband do? Answer key
7.
8.
What happened to Amina's appeal?
What is she applying for now?
m Use the correct key word.
Amina Hussein says she is a
9. How does her daughter, Iman, feel?
refugee . She is asking
for Canada's 2 - - - - -
III CHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers on page 59
The Immigration and Refugee
Correct the mistake in the underlined verbs.
is Board 3 - - - - - her
Amina Abdi Hussein be in a desperate situation. Hussein, 29,
refugee claim. She 4 - - - -
was a single mother with five children. She come to Canada
the rejection. But her appeal
from Somalia ten years ago. Now, immigration officials
was not 5 . - - - - - . Now,
want deport her. She must to return to Somalia with her two
immigration 6 ; - - - - -
eldest daughters. Hussein's eldest daughters is 10 and 9 years
say she must return to Somalia.
old. They are born in Somalia. Her other three children are
They want to 7 ' - - - - -
born in Canada. Hussein are frightened for her children and
her. Hussein is making a final
for herself. She is afraid her family will be have to split up.
effort. She is 8 to
She also worry about the safety of her daughters. She say
stay for humanitarian and
conditions in Somalia are difficult and dangerous.
compassionate reasons.

mWORD FAMILIES Answer key II Word Clues

Use the correct word. If necessary, change the form of the verbs. Which key word is it?
apply, application, protect, protection, reject, rejection
1. last
The Immigration and Refugee Board 1 rejected the
2. bad dreams
Hussein family's refugee claim. Amina Hussein appealed the
3. go back _ _ _ _ _ __
2~-----' but the appeal was unsuccessful. Now, she is
4. frightened
3 1 - - - - - to stay on humanitarian grounds. She hopes

her 4 will be successful. She is asking for S. feels anxious, afraid _ _

Canada's 5 . - - - - - . She says it's dangerous in Somalia. 6. break up; separate _ __
She wants to 6 her children .

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7

Canada helps refugees from Kosovo
** In early 1998, war broke out in Kosovo, a province of
Yugoslavia. Serbs fought against ethnic Albanians who wanted
independence. The violence forced more than a million people
to flee their homes. Many fled to refugee camps in the
neighbouring countries of Macedonia and Albania. Life in the
camps was miserable and dangerous. The United Nations asked
countries around the world to take in some of the refugees.
Canada offered to help.
Between May and July 1999, 7,300 Kosovar refugees arrived
in Canada. Most of the refugees received temporary housing
and assistance on Canadian military bases. Then they were
resettled in communities across Canada. Many Canadians
donated clothing, food, and money. They helped Kosovar
families adjust to life in their new communities. The Canadian
government paid for the refugees' basic living costs. This
financial assistance will be available until the fall of 2001.
The government has also given the refugees a choice. They
can become landed immigrants and stay here permanently.
Or they can return to Kosovo when it is safe.

DIFFICULT DECISION
** Stay or go home? That has been a difficult
decision for many of the refugees from
Kosovo. Here are two stories.
NITA GASHI, 22, is one of the refugees who
decided to stay. She lives in London, Ontario,
with her husband and her parents.
Nita is still sad from memories of happier
days before the war. Her mother is also sad
and very homesick. She has cancer and does
not want to die in Canada. Unfortunately, the
family does not have enough money to send
her home.
Nita takes comfort in her baby daughter,
who was born in Canada. "She is Canadian,"
Nita says proudly.
Her husband, Muje, is unemployed. But they
manage to live on the $1,050 a month they
get from the federal government. Sometimes,
Muje is uncertain about starting all over again
in Canada. Nita, however, has no doubts
about the future. "I love Canada," she says.
"The people are very kind. I will stay here."
"Difficult Decisions" - adapted with permission from Maclean's
NEXHMEDIN BALLACA, 34, smiles when
he hears his 7-year-old daughter speaking
English fluently. Just a year ago, she didn't
know a word of the language.
Nexhmedin, his wife, and three children
live in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. His two
brothers also live there. When the three
brothers get together, they always end up
talking about the same thing: Do we stay in
Canada or go back to Kosovo?
Nexhmedin says he would like to stay. "I
don't have words to say how happy I am here."
His brothers are not so sure. In Kosovo the
Ballaca brothers ran a business together. They
were inseparable. If his brothers decide to
return, Nexhmedin may go with them.
Like many Kosovar refugees, the Ballacas
are struggling to find work. At the same time,
their children are happy in school. The
family also worships at a local mosque.
In the end, the children's future and the
strong Muslim community in Saskatoon may
be what keeps the Ballacas in Canada.

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 <I»

 TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key KEYWORDS
1. LMore than a million people had to flee Kosovo. NOUN VERB
2. __ Life in the refugee camps was miserable. choice adjust
3. __ The United States asked countries to help. independence donated
war flee
4. In 1999, 73,000 Kosovar refugees came to Canada.
ADJECTIVE fought (fight)
S. First, they stayed in communities across the country. miserable offered
6. Many Canadians helped the refugees. safe stay
7. The government will give financial help until fall 2001. temporary
8. __ The refugees have to go back to Kosovo. uncertain Answer key

Use the correct key word.

WHO IS IT? Answer key
In early 1998, 1 war
1. She is very homesick. Nita Gashi's mother broke out in Kosovo. Serbs
2. She speaks English fluently. 2 against ethnic
3. His brothers may go back to Kosovo. Albanians who wanted
4. They manage to live on $l,OSO a month. 3 • More than
S. She was born in Canada. a million people had to
6. They ran a business together in Kosovo. their homes.
4,-----
7. She has no doubts about staying in Canada.
Canada 5 to help
8. His wife has cancer. some of the refugees. Many
9. She has three children.
Canadians 6.----
clothing, food, and money.
MISSING VERBS Answers in "Nexhmedin Ballow, " page 61 They helped Kosovar families
Write the correct form of these verbs in the blanks. 7'-----
to life in their
Some verbs are used more than once. new communities. The
be, decide, get, go, hear, live, say, smile, speak, stay, run, talk Canadian government has
Nexhmedin Ballaca, 34, 1 smiles when he 2 - - - - - also given the refugees a
his 7-year-old daughter 3 English fluently. Just a 8 • They can

year ago, she didn't know a word of the language. Nexhmedin, 9 ' - - - - here permanently,

his wife, and three children 4 in Saskatoon. His or they can return to Kosovo
two brothers also 5 there. When the three brothers when it is safe.
6 together, they always end up 7 about
the same thing: Do we 8 in Canada or 9 , - - - - (I Word Clues
back to Kosovo? Nexhmedin 10 he would like to stay. Which key word is it?
"I don't have words to 11 how happy I am here." 1. not sure; doubtful _ __
His brothers 12 not so sure. In Kosovo the Ballaca 2. opposite of dangerous __
brothers 13 a business together. They 1 4 , - - - - 3. opposite of permanent _
inseparable. If his brothers 15 to return, 4. opposite of comfortable _
Nexhmedin may 16 with them.

e ONTARIO READER • 200 1

 CANADA -
** Canada is rich in natural resources. Our country has an abundance of
minerals, forests, and water. Here are some facts about Canada's natural wealth.
Mining, metal processing,
and energy production are
important Canadian
industries.
• Canada mines and processes
about 60 different minerals
and metals.
• Canada is the world's biggest
producer of potash, uranium,
and zinc.
• Canada ranks third in the
world in the production of
copper.
• Canada exports 80% of its
mineral and metal products.
• 70% of Canadian energy
comes from fossil fuels (coal,
oil, natural gas).
• Canada has 0.5% of the
world's population, but uses
2.5% of the world's energy.
RICH IN RESOURCES
The lumber and forest
product industries are
important to the Canadian
economy.
• Forests cover 45% of
Canada's total land area.
• There are 180 tree species
in Canada.
• Canada is the world's largest
exporter of forest products.
• The value of these exports
in 1997 was $39 billion.
• Canada ranks first in the
world in the production of
newsprint.
• Canada produces 75% of
the world's maple syrup.
• One in 17 Canadian jobs is
directly or indirectly in the
forest industry.
Water is a precious Canadian
resource. It is important for
industry, fishing, and
recreation.
• Canada has the world's
longest coastline: 243,792 km.
• About 25% of the world's
fresh surface water is in the
lakes and rivers of Canada.
• Canada ranks first in the
world in the production of
hydroelectric power.
• The longest Canadian river
is the Mackenzie River, N.W.T.,
at 4,241 kilometres.
• Lake Superior is the largest
fresh-water lake in the world.
• The fishing industry on the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts is
declining, but production of
fish through aquaculture (fish
farms) is growing rapidly.
ONTARIO READER • 200 1 •
 mHOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? Answers on page 63 KEYWORDS
Complete the sentences about Canada's natural resources. NOUN VERB
abundance exports
1. Canada is the world's biggest producer of potash,
coastline produces
uranium, and zinc
forest ADJECTIVE
2. Canada is the world's largest exporter of _ _ _ _ __ industry natural
3. Canada ranks first in the world in the production of resources rich
newsprint and _ _ _ _ __ species
Answer key
4. Canada has the world's longest _ _ _ _ __ Word Clues
5. Canada produces 75% of the world's syrup. Which key word is it?
6. Lake is the largest fresh-water lake in the world. 1. a branch of business,
trade, or manufacture
7. Canada's longest river is the _ _ _ _ __
industry
8. Forests cover _ _ _ percent of Canada's total land area.
2. opposite of imports;
9. Canada has percent of the world's fresh surface water. sells to other countries

3. lots; a great amount

III WHAT'S THE QUESTION? Answer key

Make a "How" question for each of these sentences. 4. opposite of poor _ __

1. Canada's coastline is more than 240,000 km long. 5. assets; riches; wealth
How long is Canada's coastline?
2. There are 180 tree species in Canada. 6. large area covered with
3. Canada produces 75% of the world's maple syrup. trees _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. Canada uses 2.5% of the world's energy. 7. seaside; shoreline _ __
5. The Mackenzie River is 4,241 km long. 8. kinds; types _ _ _ __
6. Canada processes 60 different metals and minerals. 9. makes _ _ _ _ _ __
7. Canada has 25% of the world's fresh surface water. 10. produced by nature _ _

Ii CATEGORIES Answer Key II Word Family

Put these words in the correct category. produces, producer, products,
production
aquaculture, copper, fresh water, hydroelectric power,
lumber, maple symp, natural gas, newsprint, zinc Canada 1 many
different forest 2 - - - - -
Buried Wealth Forest Fortunes Liquid Assets
For example, Canada is the
aquaculture
world's biggest 3 - - - - -
of newsprint. We also lead
the world in the 4----

of maple syrup .

• ONTARIO READER • 2001

 Canada's most precious resource
*** Is water the next big global in the world. On average, Canadians
HOW MUCH
crisis? pay $28 a month for water. That's
The United Nations says more one-quarter of the amount Europeans WATER IS
than a billion people in 31 countries pay, and we use twice as much. THERE?
have no access to safe, fresh water. Not only do Canadians waste a lot
And it's going to get worse. of water, they dump an enormous ,'~ The global
People already use more than half amount of trash into it. Many cities )'~unount of fresh
of the world's renewable fresh water. ';~water has been
and towns do not have sewage
We use it for agriculture, industry, treatment. Halifax and Victoria are ,:~he same since
and personal use, like drinking and 'i:Earth's creation
two examples. In Ontario, industrial
&:4 billion years
bathing. As the number of people pollution of rivers and lakes is kago. There is no
grows, so does the demand for water. increasing steadily. Contamination ,newwater.
Today, the world's population is of groundwater is also a problem. , , ';

6 billion. In 2025 it will be about One terrible example is the town of • More than
8.5 billion. At the same time, the Walkerton. Seven people died there 97% of the
supply of clean, fresh water is in May 2000, when bacteria got world's water is
ocean water. It is
shrinking because of pollution and into the town's wells. Elmira, near too salty to drink
droughts. By 2025, a third of the Kitchener-Waterloo, is another or to use for
world's people will face chronic example. Ten years ago, a toxic irrigation.
water shortages. chemical from a factory seeped
into the ground and poisoned the • Only 2.5% of "
CRISIS? WHAT CRISIS? town's drinking water. all the water on '
Earth is fresh
Supplies of fresh water are drying Meanwhile, the demand for water
water.
up in many countries, but Canadians is increasing without limit. Some
still treat their water as an unlimited people need it for sewage treatment • More than " ,
resource. Our supply seems endless. or factories. Some need it for their , two-thirds of the'
But is it? cows or crops. All of us need it for fresh water is
The water level of the Great Lakes drinking. Commercial bottlers in frozen in polar
is the lowest in 35 years. Wells and Ontario have the right to draw 18 ice and snow.
marshes in many parts of Ontario billion litres of water a year at no • A large percen-
are drying up. Pollution of water cost. There is also pressure to divert tage of the .
supplies is increasing. water to the southwestern United remaining fresh
Despite these warning signs, States, where there are water water is hidden
Canadians do not manage their shortages. underground.
water well. Per person, Canada is the Canadians are fortunate. • Only 0.26% of
second biggest consumer of water in Compared to other countries, the world's fresh
the world, after the United States. we still have abundant supplies of water is in rivers
Between 1972 and 1991, the fresh water. But that's no reason to and lakes - the
population increased by only 3%, waste a precious resource. Future source of most of'
but water use increased by 80%. generations depend on how we our usable fresh
Canada also has the cheapest water manage and protect our water today. water.

ONTARIO READER • 200 1 •

 m TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key ~:KEYWORDS
Write T (true) or F (false). If the sentence is false, correct it. NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE
"-..IJ.ill;0 n demand dump global
1. ~ Worldwide, more than a mi:-4ion people cannot get
safe, fresh water. pollution manage fortunate
supply poisoned precious
2. The world's population is shrinking. trash shrink(ing) toxic
3. __ The global supply of clean, fresh water is growing. waste unlimited
4. The water level of the Great Lakes is the lowest Answer key
in 3S years. Use the correct key word.
5. In OntariO, pollution of rivers and lakes is increasihg. Around the world, more and
6. Per person, Canada is the biggest consumer of more people want water. The
water in the world.
1 demand for water is
7. Canadians pay less for water than Europeans.
increasing. At the same time
8. The demand for water is increasing.
less and less is available. The
9. Compared to other countries, Canada has a lot of water.
2:----- of clean, fresh
10. Only 25% of all the water on Earth is fresh water.
water is 3 - - - - -
11. Most of the world's fresh water is frozen or hidden
underground. Canada has a lot of water, but
we don't 4 - - - - - it well.
1m PUT IT TOGETHER Answers on page 65 We 5 - - - - - a lot of
Make a complete sentence by matching the two parts. water. We 6 a lot
1. People already use more they dump an enormous of chemicals into it. Industrial
than half amount of trash into it. , - - - - - of our rivers
2. As the number of people to draw 18 billion litres and lakes is increasing.
grows, of water a year at no cost.
In Elmira, a toxic chemical
3. At the same time, the of the world's renewable
the town's
supply of clean, fresh fresh water. 8,-----

4. Per person, Canada is
the biggest consumer
5. Not only do Canadians
waste a lot of water,
6. In Ontario, industrial
pollution of rivers
7. Meanwhile, the demand
for water is
8. Commercial bottlers in
Ontario have the right
9. Future generations
depend on how we
drinking water.
water is shrinking because
of pollution and droughts.
so does the demand for m Synonyms: Which key
word has the same meaning?
water.
manage and protect 1. garbage
our water today. 2. poisonous _ _ _ _ __
and lakes is increasing
3. endless
steadily.
of water in the world, 4. worldwide _ _ _ _ __
after the United States. 5. valuable
increasing without limit. 6. lucky

• ONTARIO READER • 200 1

NATURAL PARADISE FOR GENERATIONS OF VIS

*** Algonquin Park is the oldest and most famous

provincial park in Ontario. It stretches across 7,725
square kilometres of wild and beautiful lakes, rivers,
forests, and bogs.
Algonquin is easy to get to. Just three hours north .
of Toronto, Highway 60 runs through the southwest
corner of the Park. Along this 56-kilometre stretch,
visitors can enjoy camping, hiking, picnicking, and
other outdoor activities. There are facilities such as
organized campgrounds, restaurants, and lodges.
People who want more adventure can explore the
Park's rugged interior by canoe or on foot.
Algonquin was established in 1893 to create a
wilderness sanctuary. Soon it was "discovered" by
adventurous fishers. Later, visitors came by train and
stayed at one of Algonquin's several hotels. It was also
a favourite spot for the famous Group of Seven artists, G. Zuern
who painted northern landscapes. Over the years, the
Park has become a special place in the hearts and minds * Algonquin Park is Ontario's
of generations of visitors. It has given millions of people oldest and largest provincial park.
precious memories of the wilderness experience. It is also the most famous.
Algonquin is also an important place for biological History: Established in 1893.
and environmental research. Within the Park
boundaries, there are many habitats, including maple Size: 7,725 square kilometres.
forests, spruce bogs, beaver ponds, lakes, and cliffs. Location: Highway 60, 250 km
These habitats support a diversity of plants and north of Toronto.
animals. Forty-five species of mammals live in the Park,
including moose, white-tailed deer, beavers, timber Visitors: 300,000 a year.
wolves, and black bears. There are 262 species of birds, Activities: Camping, hiking,
50 species of fish, 1000 species of plants, and about swimming, canoeing, fishing, and
7,000 different insects. Algonquin is one of the best many other outdoor activities.
places in North America for seeing moose, and it has
the best trout fishing in Ontario. Animals: 45 kinds, including moose,
In 1993, a new visitor and information centre was wolves, beavers, and black bears.
built to celebrate Algonquin's centennial. The centre Facilities: Lodges, campgrounds,
is a good starting point for a trip to Algonquin. Every restaurants, trails. A visitor centre
year, about 300,000 people from around the world has information about the Park.
visit Ontario's version of paradise.
Web site: You can get information
ONTARIO PARKS - Ontario has 107 provincial parks, about Algonquin Park at
open to the public. For information, you can get a copy <www.algonquinpark.com>.
of the Ontario Parks Guide. CallI-800-0NTARIO, or go
to the Web site at <www.ontarioparks.com>.
ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •
 MATCH IT UP Answers in one-star story on page 67

1. Web site: 300,000 a year. NOUN VERB

2. History: 7,725 square kilometres. activities explore
3. Size: Lodges, campgrounds, restaurants. adventure
camping ADJECTIVE
4. Location: Established in 1893. facilities outdoor
5. Visitors: Highway 60, 250 km north of Toronto. interior rugged
6. Activities: <www.algonquinpark.com>. location
7. Animals: Camping, hiking, swimming. paradise
8. Facilities: Moose, wolves, beavers. trip
wilderness Answer key

m WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Answers on page 67 m Definitions: Match each

key word with a definition.
Answer the questions. Write on a separate piece of paper.
1. Where is Algonquin Park? 1. heaven paradise
It's on Highway 60, 250 km north of Toronto.
2. When was it established? 2. a wild region with no
people living in it
3. How big is the Park?
4. How many people go there every year?
5. What kinds of activities can people enjoy? 3. travel through a region to
6. What kinds of facilities are available? learn or discover about it
7. How many species of animals live in the Park?
8. What kind of research goes on in the Park? 4. an unusual and exciting
9. How can you get to the interior of the Park? experience _ _ _ __

5. outside
PREPOSITIONS Answers on page 67
6. a place; spot _ _ _ __
Use the correct preposition. Some are used twice.
about, across, along, around, by, in, through, to 7. rough
1. Algonquin stretches across 7,225 square km of wilderness. 8. staying outdoors in a tent
2. Algonquin is east to get _ _ or other temporary shelter
3. Highway 60 runs the southwest corner of the Park.
4. this 56-km stretch, people can enjoy outdoor activities. 9. lodging; accommodations
5. People can explore the Park's interior canoe or on foot.
6. Algonquin was established 1893.
10. the inside; opposite of
7. Later, visitors came train. exterior _ _ _ _ _ __
8. Forty-five species of animals live _ _ the Park.
11. things to do _ _ _ __
9. Every year, 300,000 people from _ _ the world visit the Park.
10. A visitor centre has information the Park. 12. a journey; travel _ __
11. Go the Web site for more information .

• ONTARIO READER. 2007

Hungry
scare cott
*** The forests of
Muskoka and Algonquin
are home to many of Ontario's black bears. These
areas are also popular for campers and cottagers.
Black bears are generally timid and stay away from
people. But summer 2000 was different. Numerous
frightened people reported bears prowling around
their cottages. The bears raided garbage cans, bird-
feeders, and barbeques. The reason was simple -
the bears were hungry. The cold, wet weather had
delayed the berry crops that bears depend on. When
their natural foods were not available, the bears
looked for alternatives.
Conservation officers from the Ministry of Natural
Resources advised people to clean the grease off their
barbeques and get rid of all garbage from their yards.
Once they did that, the bears usually did not return.
By August, the bears were less of a problem. They
were back in the bush getting fat on the late crops
of berries. Despite all the scares, only one person
was bitten by a bear in Ontario in summer 2000.
Adapted with permission -
BLACK BEAR FACTS
• There are 75,000 to 100,000 black bears in Ontario.
• Black bears are large, powerful animals. Adult
males weigh 120-280 kg. Females weigh 45-180 kg.
• They can run 45 km per hour, and can swim well.
• Black bears mainly eat wild berries and nuts. They
typically double their body weight from July to late
September as they prepare for winter hibernation.
• In the winter they sleep in their dens. They do
not eat or drink.
• Black bears mate in June. Female bears give birth
to 1-3 cubs only once every two years. The cubs stay
with their mother for 16-18 months. Then they live
on their own.
• Black bears are normally not aggressive towards
humans. But on extremely rare occasions, they can
be dangerous. In the last 100 years, only six people
have been killed by black bears in Ontario.
WHAT TO DO
IF YOU ENCOUNTER A BEAR
Black bears are usually shy and do not
approach humans. But if a bear does
approach you, here is what you
should do.
Stop. Face the bear. Do not turn
and run. If you are with other people,
stay together, and act as a group. Be
aggreSSive. Yell, wave your arms,
throw rocks or sticks. If this doesn't
scare the bear away, slowly back away.
Don't take your eyes off the bear.
The bear may stand upright. It may
make huffing or "popping sounds.
II
It may swat the ground with its fore-
paws. It may even charge, then stop.
Toronto Star Syndicate
These are the bear's ways of telling
you that you are too close. Back off
and give the bear more space.
If the bear continues to approach
you, keep backing away slowly.
Continue to be aggreSSive. Remember,
never turn and run. Climbing a tree
won't help. Bears are excellent tree
climbers.
If the bear makes contact with you,
do not play dead. That may work with
grizzly bears, but not with black bears
(there are no grizzlies in Ontario).
Fighting back is your best chance to
persuade the bear to stop its attack.
Pick up a large stick, a rock, anything
you can use to hurt the bear.
ONTARIO READER. 2007 ~
 B TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key

1. L There are grizzly bears in Ontario. NOUN VERB

2. Black bears are usually aggressive towards people. alternatives advised

bush approach
3. In summer 2000, a few people reported bears near cottages. cottage charge
4. Bears usually eat lots of berries. cubs delayed
S. Because of cold weather, there were few berries to eat. den encounter
garbage scare
6. __ The bears were looking for alternatives. ADJECTIVE
7. When people cleaned their yards, the bears usually left. dangerous
8. By August, the berry crops were available. numerous
powerful
9. Many people were bitten by bears in summer 2000 rare
Answer key

iii HOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? Answers on page 69 m Word Clues

Which key word is it?
1. Black bears are large, powerful animals.
1. rush forward with force
2. Adult weigh 120-280 kg. Females weigh less. charge
3. They can 45 km per hour, and can well.
2. choices _ _ _ _ __
4. Black bears mainly eat wild berries and _ _ __
3. opposite of safe _ _ __
S. They their body weight from July to late September.
4. come near
6. In the winter they _ _ _ _ in their dens.
7. Females give birth to 1-3 cubs only once every _ _ years. S. informed; gave advice
8. After 16-18 months, the cubs live on their _ _ __
6. woodland or forest
9. In the last 100 years, only six people have been _ _ __
by black bears in Ontario. 7. opposite of common

Ei. SHOULD OR SHOULDN'T Answer key 8. house used for vacations

If a bear approaches you:
1. You shouldn't turn and run. 9. meet unexpectedly

2. If you are with other people, you _ _ _ _ stay together.

10. young bears
3. You _ _ _ _ _ yell, wave your arms, throw things.
11. very strong
4. You slowly back away.
S. You take your eyes of the bear. 12. a bear's home _ _ __

6. If the bear continues to approach, you _ _ _ _ _ keep 13. frighten

backing away slowly. 14. waste; trash _ _ _ __
7. You climb a tree. 15. made late _ _ _ _ __
8. With black bears, you _ _ _ _ _ play dead.
16. many _ _ _ _ _ __
9. If the bear attacks you, you fight back .

• ONTARIO READER • 2007

 FISHER'S DELIGHT
Ontario inventor creates eye-catching new bait
** Paul Giannaris's invention
is irresistible - to fish.
Giannaris found a way to
make worms look and smell
delicious to fish. He developed
a special food for worms. After
a week on this diet, the worms
turn a fluorescent green colour.
They also get a garlic aroma.
"The colour, the scent, and
the fact that it is a live worm
that wiggles, makes it a
powerful bait," said Giannaris.
His creation is changing
the sports-fishing industry.
Anglers say the worms really
work. They are used mostly
for catching walleye (pickerel),
trout, and bass.
COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY
Giannaris, 34, was a Ph.D.
chemistry student at university
when he inherited his father's
bait company. He quickly
learned that the bait industry
was very competitive.
"We weren't going to last
long in this business doing
things the old way, so we
reinvented the rules," he said.
It took Giannaris six years
of experiments to develop the
formula for his worm-food.
Now his "nitro-worms" are a
big hit. They sell in bait shops
for $3 to $4 a dozen. Regular
worms are about $2 a dozen.
His company, Andy Bait
International, sold close to
five million nitro-worms last
year. He hopes to triple that
number this year.
The work isn't over for
Giannaris. He has to fight to
protect his invention. Other
companies are trying to imitate
• Paul Giannaris feeds his
his worms. So far, they don't
have the right ingredients. Their nightcrawlers a special, secret
worms won't stay green. Gian- concoction that turns them a
naris is patenting his formula. bright, easy-to-see green, and
Canadian bait companies gives them a garlic scent.
export about 1 billion worms
to the United States every year. Adapted with permission - Toronto Star Syndicate

FI,SHING IN ONTARIO
** Ontario is a great
place for fishing. The
province has 250,000
. lakes and many rivers.
Fishing licence: To fish in Ontario, you need
a licence, unless you are under 18. There are
different types of licences. The cheapest one
costs $18 for a year. You can buy a licence at
many sports, fishing, and camping stores
across the province.
Fishing seasons: You can catch some species
of fish only at certain times of the year.
Limits and size: There are also limits on the
number of fish you are allowed to catch, and
the size of the fish. These restrictions depend
on the type of fish and where you are fishing.
Fishing gear: An angler (someone who fishes
with a line attached to a rod) can only have
one line with no more than four hooks.
Spear guns are not permitted.
Information: For more information about
Ontario's fishing laws, you can get a free
guide. It's available where you buy a licence.
You can also get more information on the
"Let's Fish Ontario" Web site at
<www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/(ishing>.

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •

 mYES OR NO? Answer key KEYWORDS
Answer these questions about "Fisher's Delight." NOUN VERB
1. Are fish attracted to Giannaris's nitro-worms? Yes bait imitate
diet protect
2. Do fish like the colour of the worms? _ _
formula
3. Do fish like the smell of the worms? _ _ ingredients ADJECTIVE
4. Do anglers like the worms? _ _ invention irresistible
5. Is the bait industry competitive? _ _ scent special
worms
6. Did Giannaris develop his formula in a six weeks? _ _ Answer key
7. Are his nitro-worms a big failure? _ _ Use the correct key word.
8. Are nitro-worms cheaper than regular worms? _ _
Paul Giannaris has a new
9. Are other companies trying to copy Ginannaris's formula. _
invention . He invented a

m TRUE OR FALSE? Answer key way to make 2 look

1. ~ Ontario has 250,000 lakes and many rivers. and smell delicious to fish.
2. Adults don't need a licence to fish in Ontario. He created a 3 - - - - -
3. __ You can catch as many fish as you want. food for worms. After a week
4. __ You can catch any kind of fish any time of the year. on this -l ' the
5. You can fish with more than one line. worms turn green. They also
6. __ You can put as many hooks as you like on a line.
have the 5 of
7. __ Spear guns are allowed for fishing.
garlic. The worms are an
8. __ You can get a free guide about Ontario's fishing laws.
excellent 6 , - - - - -
[!i MISSING VERBS Answers in "Fisher's Delight" on page 77 Fish find the worms
Use the correct form of these verbs. Two verbs are used twice.
be, have, hope, patent, sell, stay, take, try Giannaris developed the
It 1 took Giannaris six years of experiments to develop 81----- for his worm-
the formula for his worm-food. Now his "nitro-worms" food over six years of
2 a big hit. They 3 : - - - - in bait shops for $3
experiments. Now, he has to
to $4 a dozen. Regular worms 4 1 - - - - about $2 a dozen.
His company, Andy Bait International, 5 close to 91----- his invention.
five million nitro-worms last year. He 6 to triple Other companies are trying
that number this year. to 1Of------- his worms.
The work isn't over for Giannaris. He 7 ' - - - - to fight to So far they don't have the
protect his invention. Other companies 8 , - - - - - - -
right 1 1 - - - - - . Their
to imitate his worms. So far, they don't 9 ' - - - - the right
worms won't stay green.
ingredients. Their worms won't 10 green. Giannaris
__ _ _ _ _ _ his formula.
11

fl) ONTARIO READER· 2007

 Stormy
WEAT
** Extreme weather is part of
Canada's national identity. Here are
some of the most memorable Canadian
weather events of the 20 th century.
Deadliest Canadian Tornado: June 30, 1912.
A tornado smashed through six city blocks in
Regina, Saskatchewan. In three minutes, the
tornado killed 40 people and injured 300. It
left a quarter of the city's population homeless.
Killer Lightning: July 29, 1916. Lightning
ignited a forest fire that burned down the
towns of Cochrane and Mathieson, Ontario.
The fire killed 233 people.
Dustbowl Era: 1933-37. During these years,
the Prairies had only 60% of normal rainfall.
The dry weather destroyed crops and farm
animals. About 250,000 people abandoned
their land to seek better lives elsewhere.
Worst Heat Wave: July 5-17,1936.
In Manitoba and Ontario, temperatures went
up to 44°C, taking the lives of 1,180 people,
mostly seniors and infants.
Hottest Day: July 5, 1937. The temperature
hit 45°C in Yellowgrass, Saskatchewan - the
highest ever recorded in Canada.
Coldest Temperature in North America:
February 3, 1947. The temperature in Snag,
Yukon, dropped to -63°C. This established
Canada's reputation for extreme cold.
Hurricane Hazel: October 15, 1954. This
destructive storm dumped 300 million tonnes
of rain on Toronto. In all, 83 people died.
Blizzard Maroons P.E.I.: February 22-26, 1982.
A huge snowstorm paralyzed the island for a
week, and cut off ties with the mainland.
This is the kind of weather
Canadians like to complain about.
. Zuern
Record Wind Chill: January 28, 1989. It was
bad enough when the temperature dropped
to -5PC in Pelly Bay, N.W.T., but the wind
made the air feel like -91°C.
Hailstorm Strikes Calgary: September 7, 1991.
For 30 minutes, 10-cm hailstones dropped on
Calgary. The hail caused property damage of
$300 million.
Red River Flood Levels Highest of Century:
April-May, 1997. Southern Manitoba's Red
River rose 12 m above normal winter levels,
and flooded 2,000 square kilometres of land.
Ice Storm of the Century: January 4-9, 1998.
The storm hit eastern Canada with freezing
rain and high winds. It caused hardship for
four million people and cost $3 billion.
Losses included millions of trees.
Toronto Buried in Snow: January 2-15, 1999.
A year's amount of snow fell in less than two
weeks, totalling 118.4 cm. This was Toronto's
snowiest January ever.
Most Snow in a Day: February 11,1999.
Tahtsa Lake, B.C., received 145 cm of snow
in one day, setting a Canadian record.
For!ti~U~!~~i~eather· information, go
to·th~.Envit?nment .Canada Web site at
<~ttl?iligq.tF~r.~~~gc.(;a:>.Jhe site gives
curreijt~9§d.itions .andweather forecasts
for ~llp~~:of<:,anada.
ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •
 HOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? Answers on page 73 KEYWORDS
1. Canada's deadliest tornado was in Regina, Sask. in 1912. VERB VERB
2. A forest fire caused by killed 233 people in abandoned dropped
Ontario in 1916. burned ignited
caused killed
3. During the 1930s, dry weather in the forced rose (rise)
cut off
250,000 people to abandon their land. smashed
destroyed
4. Canada's worst heat took the lives of 1,180 people.
Answer key
5. Canada's hottest day had a temperature of _ _ _ __
Use the correct key word.
6. The coldest temperature ever recorded in North America
was in Snag, Yukon, February 3, 1947. A tornado 1 smashed
7. Hurricane Hazel dumped 300 million tons of _ _ _ __ through six city blocks in
on Toronto in 1954. Regina in 1912.
8. In 1982, a blizzard paralyzed for a week and
cut off ties with the mainland. The tornado 2 - - - - -
40 people.
9. Canada's chill record of -91°C was set in 1989.
10. For 30 minutes, 10-cm dropped on Calgary in 1991. Ugh tning 3 a
11. Manitoba's Red River 2,000 square kilometres forest fire that 4 - - - - -
of land in 1997. down the towns Cochrane
12. The storm of the century hit eastern Canada in 1998. and Mathieson, Ontario.
13. The Canadian record for the most snow in a day is _ __
About 250,000 people
5 - - - - - their land to
EXTREME WEATHER Answer key seek better lives elsewhere.
Match each weather term with a definition.
The temperature 6 - - - -
1. drought a. A winter storm with high winds to -63°C in Snag, Yukon.
and lots of snow.
2. heat wave b. A storm with very high winds A huge storm in P.E.I.
and lots of rain 7 - - - - - ties with the
3. blizzard mainland for a week.
c. A violent storm with strong
circular winds.
4. ice storm The hailstorm 8 - - - - -
d. A storm with freezing rain. property damage of $300
5. hurricane e. A long period of no rain. million.
f. Water flowing over usually dry
6. tornado land because of the rising and The Red River 9 - - - - -
overflow of a river or lake. 12 m above normal levels.
7. wind chill g. A period of much higher than
normal temperatures. The dry weather 1 0 - - - - -
8. flood crops and farm animals.
h. The combined effect of the wind
and low temperatures .

• ONTARIO READER • 200 7

Giant pumpkins in Port Elgin
* Port Elgin is a town on Lake
Huron, 37 kilometres west of Owen
Sound. In the summer, many people
visit Port Elgin for the beautiful
beaches. In the fall, many people
go there for the giant pumpkins.
Every Thanksgiving weekend,
Port Elgin has the Pumpkinfest.
Fa112000 was the festival's 14th year.
About 60,000 people went to look at
the world's largest vegetables.
The highlight of the festival is the
international pumpkin weigh-off.
A prize of $3,000 goes to the person
with the biggest pumpkin. If it's a
world record, the winner gets another
$6,000. The 2000 winner was Harry
Willemse. His pumpkin weighed 437
kilograms (962 pounds). That was
less than the world record of 566 kg.
The festival also has prizes for
the heaviest squash, watermelon,
and cabbage. But there is more at
CP Picture Archives/Doug Crawford
Pumpkinfest than monster vegetables.
There is an antique car show, rides THE WINNER: Harry Willemse took top prize in the
for kids, and a craft show. It's a lot international pumpkin weigh-off at Pumpkinfest 2000.
of fun for the whole family. His pumpkin weighed 437 kilograms (962 pounds).

SCARY PUMPKINS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
The first jack-o'-lanterns were used to scare away evil spirits
** Pumpkins are a large, orange squash. Experts say pumpkins
originated in North America almost 9,000 years ago.
Pumpkins are used to make filling for pie and other
desserts. Roasted pumpkin seeds also make a nice snack.
Most of all, pumpkins are used to make jack-o'-lanterns for
Halloween. People hollow out the pumpkin. Then they carve
out a funny or scary face. They put a candle or flashlight inside
to light up the jack-o'-lantern.
The first jack-o'-lanterns were carved turnips. Europeans used them
on the night of October 31 (Halloween) to scare away evil spirits. Inside the carved
turnips were burning lumps of coal. Candles were used later. When European settlers,
especially the Irish, came to North America, they switched from turnips to pumpkins.

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •

 WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Answers on page 75

1. What is Pumpkinfest? It's a fall festival. NOUN VERB

2. Where is it? beaches scare

festival visit
3. When is it? highlight weighed
4. Who won the prize for the biggest pumpkin? kids ADJECTIVE
prize beautiful
5. How much money did he win? record giant
6. How much did his pumpkin weigh? _ _ _ _ _ _ __ town whole
Answer key
7. What is the world record?
Use the correct key word.
8. How many people went to Pumpkinfest 2000? _ _ __
Port Elgin is a 1 town
9. Why do people go to Port Elgin in the summer? _ __
on Lake Huron. There are
beautiful 2 in Port
III PAST AND PRESENT Answers on page 75 Elgin. Many people 3 - - -
Use the correct form of these verbs: be, have, go, get, weigh. Port Elgin in the summer.
Every Thanksgiving weekend, Port Elgin 1 has the In the fall, Port Elgin has
Pumpkinfest. Fall 2000 2 the festival's 14th year. a4 called
About 60,000 people 3 to look at the world's Pumpkinfest. The 5 - - - -
largest vegetables. of Pumpkinfest is the weigh-
The highlight of the festival 4 the international off for the biggest pumpkin.
pumpkin weigh-off. A prize of $3,000 5 to the person In 2000, Harry Willemse won
with the biggest pumpkin. If it's a world record, the winner the first 6 of $3,000.
6 another $6,000. The 2000 winner 7 · - - - - His pumpkin 7 - - - - -
Harry Willemse. His pumpkin 8 437 kg. 437 kg. The world 8 , - - - -
That 9 less than the world record of 566 kg. is 566 kg.

mHOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? Substitution: Replace the

underlined word with a key
Complete the sentences about "Scary Pumpkins" on page 75. word that means the same.
beautiful
1. Pumpkins are a large, orange squash 1. Port Elgin has lovely beaches.
2. Pumpkins are used to make for pie. 2. Pumpkinfest is fun for the
3. Roasted pumpkin make a nice snack. entire family.
4. Pumpkins are used to make jack-o'-lanterns for _ _ __ 3. There are huge pumpkins
5. People out the pumpkin. at Pumpkinfest.
6. Then they cut out a funny or scary _ _ _ __ 4. There are also rides for the
7. They put a or flashlight inside. children.
8. The first jack-a' -lanterns were carved _ _ _ __ 5. The first jack-o'-lanterns
9. Europeans used them on Halloween to _ _ _ _ _ away were used to frighten away
_ _ _ _ spirits . evil spirits.

• ONTARIO READER • 200 1

 Caribana
Toronto's biggest street party
* The Caribana festival comes to Toronto
every summer. It's a time for Caribbean
music, dance, food, and fun. More than
700,000 people celebrate.
The highlight of Caribana is the parade
along Lakeshore Boulevard. The parade is
huge. There are more than 30 bands and
thousands of dancers in colourful costumes.
The bands play reggae, calypso, samba,
steel pan, and other types of Caribbean
music. Crowds of spectators enjoy the
music and dance in the street.
Every band hopes to win the title "Band
of the Year." Most bands have a "King" and
"Queen" in elaborate costumes. They
compete for the title "King" and "Queen
of Caribana."
The festival is about two weeks long.
But the parade is on the first weekend in
August. Hotels are sold out and bars are
busy. Many visitors come from the United
States. They love the music and exciting
atmosphere. They love the food, too. Street
vendors sell roti, curry, jerk chicken, and
other Caribbean foods.
Besides the parade, there are many other
events. There is a Sunset Boat Cruise on
Lake Ontario. There's a Caribbean arts and
culture show on Toronto Island. And there
are parties all over Toronto. Melanie SochanlToronto Star

CARIBANA FACTS
• The first Caribana festival was in 1967.
• Now, it is North America's largest cultural street festival.
• The parade route is 3.6 kilometres long.
• It takes four hours to dance from one end of the parade to the other.
• Caribana is based on the carnival of Trinidad and Tobago.
• Between 750,000 and one million people enjoy Caribana each year.
... ..,eo/. . ",f, r-. .. :h-._-. _ .... ...+;_:_-._ .... ~ ____ ~ .. __ .... l-..._ I I_: .... _,.J c ............. _,.. . . . _...J .,COL -4= .. _ _ _ .... h_ .. __ , ._ ....... :,...,..
 CHECK THE FACTS Answers on page 77 " KEYyVQRDS
Each sentence has one word or fact that is not correct. NOUN VERB
Find the mistake and correct it. bands dance
summer
1. The Carib ana festival comes to Toronto every f~. costumes enjoy
events hopes
2. More than 70,000 people celebrate. music play
parade
3. The highlight of Caribana is the Sunset Boat Cruise.
party
Answer key
4. More than 30 bands play country music.
5. There are thousands of dancers in white costumes.
II Use the correct key word.
6. The parade is on the last weekend in August. Caribana is Toronto's biggest
street I party
7. Hotels are empty.
8. Visitors love the music and peaceful atmosphere. The highlight of Caribana is
the _ _ _ __
9. Street vendors buy roti and other Caribbean foods. z

10. The first Caribana festival was in 1997. There are more than 30
11. The parade route is 36 kilometres long. 3 in the parade.
12. It takes four days to dance from one end to the other.
They 4 reggae,
samba, and other kinds of
mQUESTIONS Answer key Caribbean 5 - - - - -
Use one of these words to complete the question: is, are, do, does.
Then write the answer, or ask a partner. Each band 6 - - - - -
to win the title "Band of
1. When _......:;s'---_ the Caribana parade?
the Year."
2. How long _ _ _ the parade route?
Thousands of dancers wear
3. How long _ _ _ the parade take?
colourful 7-----
4. What kind of music _ _ _ the bands play?
Crowds of spectators
S. What _ _ _ every band hope to win?
8 - - - - - the music and
6. What _ _ _ the dancers wear? 9 - - - - - in the street.
7. What other events _ _ _ there?
Besides the parade, there are
8. Where _ _ _ the Sunset Boat Cruise? many other 101-------

9. Where _ _ _ the parties?

10. What _ _ _ visitors love about Caribana?

• ONTARIO READER. 2007

 * Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday. It's called the "Festival
of Lights." Hanukkah celebrates a great victory in Jewish
history. It is a celebration of the freedom of Jewish
people to practice their religion.
People celebrate Hanukkah for eight days every
"'"'"" ,>'e,;"j''"'Y'i*,;;:c:';",j,
December. At sundown, they light candles in a special
menorah. This menorah holds nine candles. One candle
Diwali (Hin is called the "shamash," or helper candle. It is lit first.
November ,"'-,,"'':''', On the first night of Hanukkah, the shamash is used to
light one candle. On the second night, it is used to light
two candles. This continues until the final night of
",
,.
Hanukkah, when all eight candles are lit. While lighting
Ranl~dan oecuns \lV!U';)I,'" H) the candles, people sing a song.
December .....
,- "," .....; ... ;"., ...':. . - : . ,
During Hanukkah, ,family and friends get together

~::e~~:~(~~r6A:,mertl~~ID;~~?~'~')Iij;',':;i
for a meal. Potato pancakes, called "latkes," are a
traditional Hanukkah dish. For the children there
are candies, cookies, and fruit

ONTARIO READER • 200 7 •

 m COMPLETE THE STORY Answers on page 79

Complete the story about Hanukkah. Use the correct form NOUN VERB
of these verbs. Some verbs are used more than once. candles celebrate
be, celebrate, continue, get, hold, light, practice, sing celebration light
friends
Hanukkah 1 is a Jewish holiday. It's called the holiday ADJECTIVE
"Festival of Lights." Hanukkah 2 a great victory in meal traditional
Jewish history. It 3 a celebration of the freedom of religion
Jewish people to 4 their religion. song
sundown
People 5 Hanukkah for eight days every December.
Answer key
At sundown, they 6 candles in a special menorah.
Use the correct key word.
The menorah 7 nine candles. One candle 8 : - - -
called the "shamash," or helper candle. It 9 lit first. Hanukkah is a Jewish
On the first night of Hanukkah, the sham ash 10 used holiday
to light one candle. On the second night, it 11 used
It is a 2 of the
to light two candles. This 12 until the final night of
Hanukkah, when all eight candles 13 lit. While freedom of Jewish people to
lighting the candles, people 14 a song. practice their own
During Hanukkah, family and friends 1 5 - - - together 3-----

for a meal. Potato pancakes, called "latkes," 1 6 - - - - a

People 4 - - - - -
traditional Hanukkah dish. For the children there 1 7 - - -
Hanukkah for eight days
candies, cookies, and fruit.
every December.

iii WHOSE HOLIDAY IS IT? Answers on page 79

At 5 , - - - - - , ' they
6 , - - - - - candles in a
Match the holiday with religion or culture that celebrates it.
special menorah.
1. Sikh New Year's Day ~ Jewish Oudaism)*
2. Diwali ~ Muslim (Islam) While lighting the
'_ _ _ _----'-, they sing a
3. Ramadan Sikh (Sikhism)
8,-----
4. First Nations Day Christian (Christianity)
S. Hanukkah Hindu (Hinduism) During Hanukkah, family
6. Easter Aboriginal (First Nations) and 9 get
together for a 1 0 1 - - - - - -
7. Naw Ruz Buddhist (Buddhism)
8. St. Jean Baptiste Day Baha'i (Baha'i) "Latkes" are a 1 1 - - - - -
9. Saka New Year Quebecois (Quebec) Hanukkah dish.

* The word in brackets is the name of the religion or ClIltllre. The first word is the
adjective, e.g., Hanukkah is a lewish holiday. It is an important day ill ludaism.

em> ONTARIO READER • 2007

,. ~.~ -- .. ~~.,- - --

* Mid-December to early January is the "holiday season."

During this time, there are three public holidays:
Christmas, Boxing Day, and New Year's Day.'
Christmas celebrates the birth of Christ. Although it is
a Christian holiday, many non-Christians also enjoy this
event. Many Canadians decorate their houses with lights.
They decorate an evergreen tree and put presents under
the tree. Stores and businesses are brightly decorated.
There are images of Santa Claus everywhere. Children
believe that Santa will bring them presents on the night
before Christmas. On Christmas Day, family and friends
get together. They exchange gifts and share a turkey dinner.
MANY TRADITIONS - There are many different
Christmas traditions. For example, in Poland, people
exchange gifts on Christmas Eve. They have a big meal
with 12 vegetarian dishes. At midnight they go to church.
Italians also go to church at midnight. After church, they
go home and open their presents. In countries like the
Ukraine, Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas on
January 7.
HAPPY NEW YEAR! - Celebrating the arrival of the new
year is an old custom. People around the world celebrate
in different ways and on different days.
In Canada, many people celebrate on New Year's Eve,
December 31. At midnight they kiss each other, sing,
and make lots of noise. Some people make resolutions
for the new year. For example, they promise to quit
smoking, or to change some other habit.
ONTARIO RFADFR • )nn7 4D
 YES OR NO? Answer key kEYWORDS
Answer these questions about "Dates to Remember" on page 81. NOUN VERB
1. Is Canada Day a public holiday? Yes church believe
presents exchange
2. Is Halloween a public holiday? _ _
season decorate
3. Are banks closed on Valentine's Day? _ _ traditions remember
4. Are banks closed on Victoria Day? _ _ ADJECTIVE share
closed
S. Are there nine public holidays in a year? _ _ Answer key
6. Is Father's Day before Mother's Day? _ _
7. Is Christmas after Boxing Day? _ _
m Use the correct key word.
The holiday 1 season
8. Does the time change back one hour in April? _ _ is a time of year for family,
9. Is Canada Day in July? _ _ friends, and celebration.

At Christmas, many people

HOW MUCH DO YOU REMEMBER? 2 : - - - - - an evergreen
Complete the sentences about "Holiday Season" on page 8l. tree.
1. Mid-December to early January is theholiday season.
Children 3 that
2. During this time there are three holidays.
Santa will leave 4-----
3. Christmas celebrates the _ _ _ _ of Christ. under the tree.
4. Many non-Christians also this event.
S. Many Canadians decorate their houses with _ _ __ Family and friends 5.----
gifts, and 6 a
6. Children believe that will bring them presents.
turkey dinner.
7. On Christmas Day, family and friends get _ _ __
8. They exchange gifts and share a _ _~_ dinner. Some Christians go to
9. There are many _ _ _ _ Christmas traditions. 7 at midnight
on Christmas Eve.

There are many different

Ii CHECK THE GRAMMAR Answers in "Happy New Year," p. 87
Christmas 8-----
Correct the underlined mistakes.
Celebrating Christmas is a public holiday,
C)i{;brate
, the arrival of the New Year -its an old custom.
so 9 that banks
People around the world celebrating in different ways on and most businesses are
different days. In Canada, many people celebrates on New 101-----

Year's Eve, December 31. At midnight, they kissing each

other, song, and make lots of noise. Some people makes
resolutions for the new year. For example, they promise quit
smoking, or to changing some other habit.

CD ONTARIO READER • 200 7


O ntario Reader can be used with a wide
range of learners. Although the majority
of the content is within the high-beginner
to intermediate levels (levels 2-5 of the Cana-
dian Language Benchmarks for reading skills),
it is easily adaptable for beginner learners.
Ontario Reader is particularly useful for multi-
level classes. It can also be used for self-study
with the help of the answer key and the
learner's own bilingual dictionary. The varied
content of the reading material will interest
many learners. The stories and information
articles introduce a variety of topics and
themes which can be explored further through
discussion or follow-up lessons. The photos
are useful for conversation, vocabulary devel-
opment, pre-reading, and other activities.
The following explains some of the
components of Ontario Reader and presents
some ideas on how to use this book.
GRADED STORIES
The stories/articles are graded at three levels
of difficulty. The one-star (*) articles are the
easiest and the three-star (***) articles are
the most difficult. However, this grading
system is only a guideline. It does not mean
that beginner readers should be restricted to
one-star articles. With proper preparation,
even beginners can read a three-star article
or use parts of it for language learning. The
section on pre-reading gives some suggestions
to assist you. As a further aid, some of the
articles qre written at two different levels. A
one-star version of the article acts as a bridge
to a more difficult version on the same page.
The key criterion for using an article is its
relevance and interest to the learners. The
following are some of the considerations
that the grading is based on:
Topic - Is it concrete or abstract? Would
most of the readers be familiar with this topic?
,,', ,.". ,"",,\1 '. -.; .. it:'"
Vocabulary - Are the key words concrete
or abstract? Are they common words?
Structure and grammar - Are the sentences
short, simple? Is the article lengthy, short?
Are the grammatical structures complex?
Are they commonly used?
Visual aids - Does the accompanying photo
or illustration help to contextualize or clarify
the content of the article?
PRE-READING ACTIVITIES
Pre-reading activities will increase the
learners' chances of reading successfully. They
will also help you use the reading material in
multi-level settings and with beginner-level
learners. Pre-reading activities are important
because they:
• help to establish a context for the reading
material;
• raise the learners' interest;
• build confidence by making learners aware
of knowledge they already have;
• give learners the opportunity for predicting
and making inferences;
• help to clarify vocabulary so that learners
can read more fluently with fewer dictionary
interruptions. The following are some ideas
for pre-reading activities.
Titles and captions
Discuss the titles and photo captions. What do
they mean? What do you think this article is
about? What do you know about this topic?
Photos
Most of the articles are accompanied by a
photo or illustration. Talk about these with
the learners. Use the photos to help learners
predict what the article is about. Encourage
this by asking questions. Start with descriptive
questions: What do you see in the photo?
What are they doing? Where are they? etc.
Follow this with inference questions:
Why do you think they are doing this? Who do
you think these people are? etc. Try to establish
the context of the article, and most impor-
tantly, try to bring in the learners' experience
and knowledge of the topic. Write any key
vocabulary that comes out of this activity on
the blackboard. You can supplement this list
with other key words from the article or the
vocabulary in the Key Words section of the
practice page. Have the learners scan the
article and circle as many of the key words
as they can find.
Brainstorm
Learners work in small groups with a piece
of flip-chart paper and a marker. Each group
brainstorms for vocabulary that is related to
the topic of the article. Later, the groups
share their lists and discuss. The "Word Web"
activity on page 89 is a variation of this.
You can do the word web with the learners
before they read the article.
What do you know?
Learners work in small groups or as a whole
class to discuss the topic of the article under
the headings:
What do you know about ? • Students write or retell the story in their
What do you want to know about
READING FOR GENERAL MEANING
The following is one way to use an article for
general reading practice. The activity "Get
ready, read, remember" on page 88 provides
an alternative for general reading practice.
First reading
After the pre-reading activities, ask the
learners to read the article silently on their
own. Encourage them to read for a general
sense of what the article is about, and to not
worry about the meaning of every word. Ask
them to try to get the meaning of new words
from the context.
When they are finished reading, discuss the
article and clarify any vocabulary problems.
If a learner asks what a word means, get
other learners to explain.
Second reading
Write a few general questions about the
article on the blackboard. Learners read the
article again (silently). Discuss answers to the
questions. Go to the exercises on the practice
page or do a third reading.
Third reading
Have the learners read the article again.
Test comprehension with a short quiz
requiring only yes/no answers, or do the
exercises on the practice page.
Follow-up
Here are some options.
• Do the comprehension questions on the
practice page, or give the learners your own
comprehension questions. They can write
and/or discuss the answers in groups.
• Pair work: Each learner writes five questions
about an article. Partners take turns asking/
answering the questions.
? own words.
All of the above activities can be done
individually, in pairs, or in small groups.
READING FOR BEGINNERS
Try the following with beginner readers.
• Prepare the class well with pre-reading
activities.
• Start with one-star articles. In cases where
two versions of the same article are on one
page, use the one-star article as a bridge to
the more difficult one. Before attempting the
more difficult article, have the learners scan
for key words. You can also work with the
title, photo and caption.
- contilllled all page 86
ONTARIO READER • 200 1 CD
• If a one-star version doesn't exist, create
your own. Write the key ideas from the two-
or three-star article in short simple sentences.
Use your article as a bridge to the original one.
SCANNING
You can help learners develop their scanning
skills (reading quickly for specific information
such as dates, names, prices, etc.) by giving
them specific information to find in an
article. You can expand this by having them
scan through the entire book or sections of
the book for the answers to specific questions.
PRACTICE PAGES
The exercises on the practice pages focus
on reading comprehension, vocabulary
development, grammar, and controlled
writing. Because Ontario Reader is intended
for both classroom use and self-study, many
of the exercises are designed for individual
practice. However, learners can do some of
the exercises with a partner or in a small
group. There are also a number of "Try This"
exercises with suggestions for more
communicative activities. The" Additional
Activities" section on page 87 also gives some
ideas on how to use the reading material as
the basis for communicative and integrated
skills activities.
READING COMPREHENSION
The first exercise on the practice page is
intended to assess or reinforce reading
comprehension. A variety of exercise types
are used including the following.
True or false? - Learners decide if sentences
about the story are true or false. In some cases,
the learners have to correct false statements.
Yes or No? - Learners answer the questions
with a simple "yes" or "no."
What's the answer? - Comprehension
questions: who, what, where, when, why, etc.
~ n/\ITADln Dr:Anr:D • ?nn1
Learners have to provide a complete sentence
as an answer. For this exercise as well as the
"yes or no" exercise, the learners can work in
pairs and ask each other the questions.
Put it in order - Learners have to arrange
sentences about an article in chronological
order. This type of exercise can work well as
a small group activity.
Check the facts - Learners have to read
for detail to find a factual mistake in each
sentence, then make a correction.
How much do you remember? - These are
usually excerpts from the story with some
words left blank. Students fill in the blanks
with the same words used in the original story.
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Each practice page includes a "Key Words"
section containing 10 - 14 words selected
from the story. The words are chosen on the
basis of their relevance to the story, and the
clarity with which their meaning is
demonstrated by the context of the story.
The key words are reinforced by the exercise
types described below.
Please note that the key words are listed
exactly as they appear in the story. For
example, if the verb "perform" were used in
the past tense, it would be listed in the Key
Words section as "performed." This applies to
plural forms of nouns and other verb forms.
Where pOSSible, the root word is used. But if
it does not appear in the story, it's up to the
teacher to identify the root form of a key word.
In cases where their may be some confusion,
such as the present continuous form of a
verb, the root word is given in parenthesis
(e.g., "changing" might also be used as an
adjective). For irregular past tense verbs, the
present form is also provided in parenthesis.
A good way to start off a key word section
is to have the learners find the key words in
the reading passage and underline them.
For classes where books are being shared, the
students can write the first sentence in which
each key word appears on a separate piece of
paper or in their notebooks. Here
are the exercise types for key words.
Use the correct key word - Students fill in
blanks with the correct word.
Substitution - In this exercise, sentences
contain underlined synonyms or synony-
mous phrases for the key words. Learners
replace the underlined word with a key word.
Definitions - Students match key words with
definitions. This exercise type uses som~what
lengthier explanations and examples than
the "Synonyms" exercise below.
Word Clues - Students identify the correct
key word using clues similar to those used in
crossword puzzles.
Synonyms - Students match the key words
with words that have the same meaning.
Opposites - Students match each key word
with an antonym.
Word Families - Students use the correct
form of related words, for example, elect,
election, electoral.
GRAMMAR AND CONTROLLED WRITING
Some of the exercises involve reinforcement
of a grammar rule or controlled writing. The
grammar rule stems from the content of the
article and is only reinforced if the article
provides a clear context for it. The controlled
writing also stems from the article and
practices useful phases and structures.
Learners can usually check what they have
written with the original article. Exercise
types include the following.
Complete the sentence - Learners complete
the sentence as it is written in the article.
Fill in the blank - Learners have to provide
the correct form of a verb, auxiliary or other
parts of speech. In most cases, a list of words
to choose from is provided.
Check the grammar - Sentences or excerpts
from the article have been reWritten to include
a mistake in grammar. The mistakes are under-
lined and learners have to correct them.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Here are some ideas for communicative activi-
ties to supplement the exercises on the practice
pages. These activities require the learners to
work in pairs or small groups and to use more
than one language skill to complete the task.
Listen to a tape
• Tape an article from Ontario Reader.
• Play the tape twice, without discussion.
• Ask or dictate some comprehension questions.
• Learners work in small groups to check the
questions and write answers based on what
they remember from listening to the tape.
• Ask the groups to open their books, read
the article and confirm their answers.
Summarize
• Arrange the class into small groups.
• Each group will read the same article from
Ontario Reader. (As an alternative, you can
assign a different article to each group.)
• When they are finished reading the article,
the group discusses the article and clarifies
any difficult vocabulary. Then they write a
summary of the article on a large sheet of paper.
• When all the groups have finished, they
circulate their summaries or post them on
the wall for all groups to read.
Write questions
• Follow the first two steps in the above
"Summarize" activity.
• Instead of writing a summary, each group
writes several questions about the article.
• Each group passes their questions to the
next group to answer. Then the groups pass
their answers back to the original group. The
original group checks the answers.
Jigsaw reading
• Assign each group of three to five people a
different article to read. Each group reads their
article and discusses it.
• The class regroups so that one person from
each original group is included in the new
groups. Taking turns, each person talks about
his or her article to the new group.
ONTARIO READER· 2001 CD
 Get ready, read, remember!
Here are some steps to help you understand and remember what you read.
To practice the steps, turn to the story _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Step 1: Get ready to read.

Read the title of the story. Look at the photo.

What do you think the article is about? (What is the topic?)

What do you know about this topic? What words do you think of?

What questions do you have about the story?

Step 2: Read the article.

Does the story answer your questions? Write the answers here.

What else did you learn from the story?

Step 3: Remember the article.

Put the story away. Tell someone else what the story is about.
Or write the story in your own words.

Follow steps 1 to 3 when you read other stories .

• ONTARIO READER • 2007

Word Web
This is a useful activity for vocabulary development and speaking practice. It can be
done in pairs, small groups or with the whole class. Choose a theme or topic that
relates to an article in Ontario Reader. Ask the learners to discuss the topic and write
related words on the web. You can provide the sub-topics or the learners can create
them themselves. When they are finished the word web, they can share it with the
rest of the class.

\ I
\ /
\ /
/
\ I
\ I
\ /
\ ------- I

I
I \
/ \
I \
I \
/ \
I \
/

ONTARIO READER· 2001 CD

PAGE 2:
A. 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. FlO. T 11. F 12. F
C. 2. excel 3. exceptional 4. earned 5. careers 6. awards 7. ceremony 8. proud 9. title 10. roots
PAGE 4:
C. 2. had to amputate 3. wanted to run 4. wanted to raise 5. had to stop
D. 2. hero 3. courage 4. raised 5. died E. 2. death 3. accomplishment 4. amputate 5. extraordinary 6. memory
PAGE 6:
B. 2. Did; Yes 3. Did; Yes 4. Was; No 5. Did; No 6. Did; Yes 7. Were; Yes 8. Was; No 9. Did; Yes
D. 2. competed 3. goal 4. ranked 5. won 6. winner 7. competitors 8. undefeated 9. exciting 10. host 11. competition
PAGE 8:
B. 2. Where does he live? 3. What does he want to win? 4. Where did he grow up? 5. How was his childhood?
6. How did he feel during his first days in Canada? 7. When did he enroll at university? 8. Who are his coaches?
9. When did he win the world championship? D. 2. talent 3. confidence 4. credits 5. encouraged 6. victory
7. fierce 8. opponents; power 9. grew up 10. lucky 11. decision
PAGE 10:
A. 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. No 6. Yes 7. No 8. Yes 9. No C. 2. capital 3. history 4. bilingual 5. built
6.linked 7. major 8.chose 9. expansion 10. blend 11. trade 12. began 13. completed 14. region
PAGE 12:
C. 2. vision 3. famous 4. media 5. popular 6. opposed 7. extremely 8. frequently 9. allowed 10. dominated
11. passed away D. 1. politician 2. politics 3. political
PAGE 14:
A. Canada's Constitution: 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. F A. Levels of Government in Canada: 1. F
2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. F 9. F C. 2. provincial 3. municipal 4. laws 5. constitution 6. federalism
7. established 8. joined 9. signed 10. agree 11. tried 12. failed
PAGE 16:
D. 2. election 3. results 4. majority 5. seats 6. consecutive 7. expect 8. divided 9. ridings 10. representative
E. 1. electoral 2. elect 3. election
PAGE 18:
A. 2. No 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. Yes 6. No 7. No 8. No 9. Yes D. 2. municipality 3. mayor 4. councillors
5. by-laws 6. property 7. spouse 8. belong to 9. find out 10. decides 11. represent E. 1. decides 2. decisions
PAGE 20:
C. 2. d 3.a 4. e 5. h 6. f 7. b 8. g
D. 2. budget 3. expenditures 4. revenue 5. taxes 6. rebate 7. surplus 8. deficit 9. interest 10. debt
PAGE 22:
A. 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T D. 2. people 3. tourists 4. like 5. culture 6. excellent
7. attractions 8. hate 9. opinion 10. expensive E. 1. attracts 2. love 3. attractions 4. lovely
PAGE 24:
A. 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T B. 2. reflects 3. lived 4. arrived 5. arrived 6. brought 7. shop
8. are 9. is 10. changing 11. remain D. 2. Immigrants 3. restaurants 4. stores 5. shop 6. world 7. settled
8. waves 9. ethnic 10. changing 11. exciting 12. aromas 13. spices
PAGE 26:
A. 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. F B. 2. diversity 3. visible minorities 4. discrimination 5. race
6. multiracial 7. origins 8. confused 9. identity 10. issue 11. benefit
PAGE 28:
B. 2. What does his business specialize in? 3. What did he develop? 4. How many kinds of somosas does he produce?
5. Where did he study cheese-making? 6. Why is he successful?
C. 2. fillings 3. baked 4. greasy 5. pastry 6. absorb 7. texture 8. beef 9. frozen
D. 2. takeout 3. business 4. specializes 5. sells 6. customers 7. produces 8. tasty 9. sales 10. successful 11. quality
PAGE 30:
C. assistant/helper;attempted/tried; blacked out/fainted; concentrate/focus; continue/keep going;
expenses; costs; gifts/presents; hurdle/obstacle; resumed/started again; released/let go

G ONTARIO READER • 200 7

0.2. pursue 3. accident 4. exam 5. depressed 6. suicide 7. give up 8. passed 9. struggle 10. support
E. 1. dentistry 2. dentist 3. dental
PAGE 32:
A. 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. F 11. F C. 2. Internet 3. Web site 4. information
5. database 6. links 7. download 8. useful 9. related 10. purpose 11. search 12. topics
PAGE 34:
B. 1. employers 2. employees 3. employ 4. apply 5. applications 6. applicants
C. (a) 2. teenagers 3. e-mails 4. online 5. keep in touch 6. hanging out
C. (b) 1. benefits 2. skills 3. resume 4. recruit 5. interview 6. hire
PAGE 36:
A. 2. No 3. Yes 4. No 5. Yes 6. Yes
B. 2. Was; Yes 3. Was; Yes 4. Were; No 5. Did; Yes 6. Did; Yes 7. Were; Yes 8. Did; No 9. Did; Yes
0.2. increase 3. incomes 4. dropped 5. improving 6. earn 7. gap 8. progress 9. trends
PAGE 38:
A. 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T. 7. T 8. F. 9. T
B. 2. have to 3. must 4. have to 5. can 6. can 7. must 8. can 9. should 10. should C. 2. conditions
3. rights 4. protect D. 1. wage 2. extra 3. group 4. vacation 5. problem 6. advice 7. leave 8. contact 9. voluntary
PAGE 40:
A. 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 0.2. apart 3. identical 4. high school 5. graduated 6. marks
7. average 8. tied 9. student 10. scholarships 11. university 12. study
PAGE 42:
A. 2. Was; No 3. Did; No 4. Did; No 5. Was; Yes 6. Did; No 7. Did; Yes 8. Was; Yes 9. Did; Yes 10. Did; No
11. Was; No B. 1. achiever 2. achieved 3. achievements 4. volunteer 5. volunteered
D. 2. community 3. academic 4. overcame 5. depends E. 1. volunteered 2. disadvantages 3. neighbourhood
4. achievements 5. struggled 6. assistance 7. tuition 8. post-secondary
PAGE 44:
A. 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. F 9. F
C. 2. price 3. costs 4. pay 5. cash 6. sell 7. bargain 0.2. fun 3. price 4. bargain 5. haggle 6. sell
7. spare cash 8. variety 9. weekend 10. junk 11. used 12. get rid of 13. tips 14. change
PAGE 46
A. 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T
0.2. celebrate 3. ceremony 4. honour 5. backgrounds 6. traditions 7. plan 8. values 9. marriages
E. 1. original 2. vows 3. marry 4. relatives 5. simple
PAGE 48
D. 2. ring 3. couple 4. guests 5. luck 6. symbol
E. 1. bride 2. fancy 3. tuxedo 4. customs 5. single 6. gown 7. gift 8. wear
PAGE 50
C. 2. play 3. originated 4. rules 5. ice 6. puck 7. teams 8. sliding 9. aim; centre
D. 1. originated 2. origin 3. original
PAGE 52
D. 2. ended 3. records 4. goals 5. assists 6. score 7. season 8. skate 9. amazing 10. professional
11. trophy 12. valuable 13. led 14. star 15. fans
PAGE 54
B. 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F D. 2. valued 3. celebrity 4. diagnosed 5. birth 6. treatments
7. vowed 8. happened 9. fight 10. life 11. personality 12. remember 13. tears
PAGE 56
B. 2. entry 3. enter 4. location 5. economic 6. developed 7. connection 8. industrial 9. connected
10. industry 11. development 12. economy
C. 2. enter 3. agricultural 4. jobs 5. auto 6. companies 7. factories 8. period 9. prosperity 10. developmenc
11. strengthened 12. ties
- continued on page 94

ONTARIO READER· 2001 fl)