Direct Lightning Protection (HELITA) PDF

Direct Lightning protection
Lightning conductors range
Member of ABB Group

G e n e r a l 5
c o n t e n t s 1
2
3
4
Lightning mechanism and location
Lightning protection
Lightning protection study
Procedure for evaluating the efficiency of an ESE lightning
conductor according to standard NC F C 17-102 - Appendix C
5
7
11
13
5 In situ tests 15
6 Hélita services 16
7 Installation guide 18
8 Lightning capture devices 21
9 Down conductors 25
10 Equipotential bonding 29
11 Earth termination systems 31
12 Inspection / Maintenance 35
M a t e r i a l 37
1 Pulsar early streamer emission lightning conductors 38
2 Simple rod lightning conductors 40
3 Stainless steel extension masts 42
4 Pylons 45
5 Lateral fixtures 47
6 Vertical fixtures 50
7 Air terminals for meshed cages 52
8 Conductors 54
9 Flat and round conductor fasteners 55
10 Flat and round conductor connections 60
11 Lightning stroke counter 61
12 Earth coupling accessories 63
13 Surface earthing 66
14 Earthing with rods 67
15 Control and measurement instruments for earthing installations 70
16 Equipotential bonding 73
17 Roof ornaments 75
18 Preliminary lightning protection study 76

C H A P TE R
1 LIGHTNING MECHANISM AND LOC ATION
STORMS
The presence of unstable, moist and warm air rapid ascending air currents, and results in the Thus the cumulo-nimbus formation constitutes
masses gives rise to the formation of electrical energisation of the water particles. a sort of huge plate /ground capacitor whose
cumulo-nimbus storm clouds. This type of median distance can often reach 1 to 2 km.
In a typical storm cloud, the upper part,
cloud is very extensive, both horizontally The atmospheric electrical field on the ground,
consisting of ice crystals, is normally positively
(about 10 km in diameter) and vertically (up to about 100 V/m in fine weather is reversed and
charged, whilst the lower part, consisting of
15 km). Its highly characteristic shape is often can reach an absolute value of 15 to 20 kV/m
water droplets, is negatively charged.
compared with the profile of an anvil of which when a ground discharge is imminent (the
Consequently, the lower part of the cloud
it displays the upper and lower horizontal lightning stroke).
causes the development of electrically
planes. The existence of extreme temperature
opposite charges (i.e. positive over the part of Before and during the appearance of the
gradients in a cumulo-nimbus (the temperature
the ground nearby). lightning stroke, discharges can be seen both
can drop to - 65°C at the top) generates very
within the cloud and between clouds.
LIGHTNING
According to the direction in which the distinguished. In practice, lightning strokes of
electrical discharge develops (downward or the descending and negative type are by far
upward), and the polarity of the charges it the most frequent: it is estimated that on
develops (negative or positive), four classes of plains and in our temperate zones, they
cloud-to-ground lightning stroke can be account for 96% of all cloud / ground
discharges.
MECHANISM OF A LIGHTNING STROKE

It is impossible to discern the individual leader by an approximately identical distance, cloud (the upward streamer) during which the
phases of the lightning stroke by simple visual then disappears in turn. electric current circulates: The convergence of
observation. This can only be done with high- these two phenomena produces the main
There is a brief pause between the leaders,
performance photographic equipment. discharge, which may be followed by a series
resulting in an average weighted speed
Most lightning bolts exhibit the following of secondary discharges, passing unbroken
(see fig. 1 page 6).
phenomena: a leader leaves a point in the along the channel ionised by the main
cloud and travels about 50 m at a very high The process is repeated until the tip of the last discharge.
speed of around 50,000 km/s. leader reaches a point a few dozen metres, or
In an average negative lightning stroke, the
even just a few metres above ground level.
A second leader then leaves the same point, maximum current is around 35,000 amperes.
follows the previous path at comparable The ascending jets then converge, producing a
speed, goes beyond the final point of the first return stroke from the ground towards the
5
C H A P TE R
1 LIGHTNING MECHANISM AND LOC ATION
THE EFFECTS OF LIGHTNING

The effects of lightning are those of a electrochemical effects: these relatively
high-strength impulse current that propagates minor effects are conveyed in the form of
initially in a gaseous environment electrolytic decomposition through the
(the atmosphere), and then in a solid, more or application of Faraday’s law;
less conductive medium (the ground):
induction effects: in a variable electroma-
visual effects (flash): caused by the gnetic field, every conductor harnesses
Townsend avalanche mechanism; induced current;
acoustic effects: caused by the propagation effects on a living being (human or

of a shock wave (rise in pressure) originating animal): the passage of a transient current
in the discharge path; this effect is of a certain r.m.s value is sufficient to
perceptible up to a range of around 10 incur risks of electrocution by heart attack
kilometers; or respiratory failure, together with the
risk of burns.
thermal effect: heat generated by the Joule
effect in the ionised channel;
electrodynamic effects: these are the

mechanical forces applied to the conductors
placed in a magnetic field created by the
high voltage circulation. They may result in
deformations;
ALTITUDE (m) Fig. 1: Timing diagram of a lightning stroke
150
downward leader
100
return stroke
50
upward leader
0 TIME (µs)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
6
C H A P TE R
2 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
Lightning causes two major types of accidents:
Accidents caused by a direct stroke when the Accidents caused indirectly, as when the
lightning strikes a building or a specific lightning strikes or causes power surges in
zone. This can cause considerable damage, power cables or transmission links. Hence
usually by fire. Protection against this the need to protect the equipment at risk
danger is provided by lightning conductor against the surge voltage and indirect
systems. currents generated.
I- PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE

To protect a structure against direct lightning the ground, with minimal impedance on the
strokes, a preferred impact point is selected to path followed by the lightning.Four types of
protect the surrounding structure and protection systems meet these requirements.
conduct the flow of the electric current towards
Protection systems French standards

Early Streamer Emission lightning conductors NF C 17-102
Simple rod lightning conductors NF C 17-100
Meshed cages NF C 17-100
Stretched wires NF C 17-100
I-1 / Simple rod lightning conductors

By protruding upwards from the building, they A simple rod lightning conductor is made up of:
are likely to trigger the release of ascending
a rod lightning conductor and its extension
streamers and thus be selected as impact
mast
points by lightning strokes occurring within the
vicinity of the structure. one or two down conductors,
This type of protection is especially recommen- a connection link or test coupling on each
ded for radio stations and antenna masts when down conductor to check the conductor
the area requiring protection is relatively small. earth resistance,
a protecting flat to protect the down

conductor for the last two meters above
ground level,
an equipotential bonding between each

earth and the general earthing circuit of the
structure; this can be disconnected.
7
C H A P TE R
I-2 / Early streamer emission (ESE) lightning conductors

These state-of-the-art technologies have been known and controlled frequency and amplitude the lightning stroke, the PULSAR directs it
designed on the basis of a series of patents enabling the early formation of the upward towards the down conductor to the ground
registered jointly by HELITA and the French leader which is then continuously propagated where it is dissipated.
National Scientific Research Centre (CNRS). towards the downward leader.
The PULSAR is equipped with an electronic The PULSAR draws its energy from the ambient
device which emits a high pulse voltage of electrical field during the storm. After capturing
Triggering time of an ESE lightning conductor
The early streamer emission concept
During a storm, when the propagation field The triggering time instance gain ∆T is PULSAR conductors are especially effective for
conditions are favourable, the Pulsar first associated with a triggering time distance the protection of classified industrial sites,
generates an upward leader. This leader from gain ∆L. administrative or public buildings, historical
the Pulsar tip propagates towards the down- ∆L = v. ∆T, where: monuments and open-air sites such as sports
ward leader from the cloud at an average grounds.
∆L (m): gain in lead distance or
speed of 1m/µs.
sparkover distance.
The triggering time ∆T(µs) is defined as the
v (m/µs): average speed of the downward
mean gain at the sparkover instant (continuous
tracer (1m/µs).
propagation of the upward leader) obtained
with an ESE lightning conductor compared with ∆T (µs): gain in sparkover time of the
a simple rod lightning conductor exposed to upward leader measured in
the same conditions. ∆T is measured in the laboratory conditions.
high-voltage laboratory conditions defined in
Appendix C of the French standard NF C 17-102.
8
C H A P TE R
Installation conditions
An ESE lightning conductor is made up of:
an ESE lightning conductor and its extension

mast
one or two down conductors,
a connecting link or test coupling for each

down conductor to enabling the earth
resistance to be verified,
a protecting flat to protect the down

conductor for the last two meters above
ground level,
an earth designed to dissipate the lightning

currents at the bottom of each down
conductor,

earth and the general earthing circuit of the
structure; this can be disconnected.
I-3 / Meshed cages

This principle consists of dividing up and more A meshed cage installation is made up of:
easily dissipating the lightning current by a
devices to capture the atmospheric
network of conductors and earths.
discharges consisting of strike points,
A meshed cage installation has multiple down
roof ridge conductors,
conductors and consequently provides very
effective protection for buildings that house down conductors,
equipment sensitive to electromagnetic earths,
disturbance.
This is because the lightning current is divided earth and the general earthing circuit of
among the down conductors and the low the structure; this can be disconnected.
current circulating in the mesh creates very
little disturbance by induction.
I-4 / Stretched wires

This system is composed of one or several This technology is used to protect ammunition
conductor wires stretched above the protected depots and as a general rule in circumstances
installation. The protection area is determined where the site cannot be protected by using a
by applying the electrogeometrical model. building structure to support the conductors
that convey the lightning currents to the earth.
The conductors must be earthed at each end.
A stretched wire installation requires a

thorough preliminary study to consider issues
such as mechanical strength, the type of
installation, and the insulation distances.
9
C H A P TE R
II- PROTECTION AGAINST INDIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE EFFECTS

When lightning strikes cables and transmission
lines (H.F. coaxial cables, telecommunication
Hélita ESE lightning conductor
lines, power cables), a voltage surge is
propagated and may reach equipment in the
1 telephone line protection
surrounding. This voltage surge can also be
2 low voltage power supply
generated by induction due to the protection
electromagnetic radiation of the lightning flash. 3 IT system protection
This can have many consequences: premature 4 TV protection
component ageing, destruction of printed
circuit boards or component plating,
equipment failure, data loss, programs
hanging, line damage, etc.
3
This is why you need to use surge arresters to
protect equipment liable to be affected by 4
lightning strikes.
The use of surge arresters is recommended

when there is at least one lightning conductor
on the building. 65 kA calibration is then
recommended. 2
1
interconnection with
building loop
III- EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING DEFECTS

During a lightning stroke or even as a result of equipotential bonding is effective and in good
indirect effects, equipotential bonding defects condition.
can, by differences in potential, generate
The same applies to interconnections between
sparkover causing particularly destructive
metal earthing networks close to sensitive
interference currents.
equipment (telephone exchanges or CPUs).
This is why it is an essential part of effective
lightning protection to ensure that a site’s
10
C H A P TE R
3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY
The French NF C 17-100 and NF C 17-102 standards recommend a preliminary study in three parts:
lightning risk evaluation
protection level selection,
protection device definition.
LIGHTNING RISK EVALUATION

The following method is used for risk evaluation:
1 - Expected frequency Nd of direct lightning strikes on a structure

The yearly average frequency Nd of direct light- (number of lightning strikes/year/km2) ground area having the same annual direct
ning to a structure is assessed by the following which can be determined by: lightning strike probability as the structure.
equation:
consulting the map overleaf (Ng), The calculation formulae are defined in
Nd = Ng max. Ae.C1 10-6/year where: Appendix B of the NFC 17-100 and NF C 17-102
using the isokeraunic level Nk:
standards.
Ng max. = 2 Ng Ng max =0.04 Nk 1.25, i.e. around Nk/10
C1: environmental coefficient (defined in table
Ng: mean annual lightning flash density in the Ae: is the equivalent collection area of the
B2 of the NF C 17-102 standard).
region where the structure is located isolated structure (in m2). It is defined as the
2 - Tolerable frequency Nc of lightning strikes to the structure

The tolerable frequency is assessed using the The coefficients are defined in tables B5 to B8
following equation: of the NF C 17-102 standard.
Nc = 5,5. 103 / C2 x C3 x C4 x C5
where C2 represents the construction type,
C3 represents the structure contents,
C4 represents the structure occupancy,
C5 represents the consequences of a
lightning strike.
PROTECTION LEVEL SELECTION

The values Nc and Nd are compared. The protection level determines the protection
radius of the lightning conductor, the safety
If Nd ≤ Nc, the lightning protection system is not a mandatory requirement.
distance (earth interconnection) and the
If Nd > Nc, a protection system offering E ≥ 1 -Nc /Nd level of efficiency should be installed. maintenance period.
If necessary, additional protection measures

Calculated efficiency Corresponding level of protection Corresponding level of protection aimed at limiting the step voltage, fire
NFC 17-100 December 1997 NFC 17-102 July 1995
propagation or induced surge voltage effect
E < 0,98 Level 1 + additional measures Level 1 + additional measures can be deployed.
0,95 < E < 0,98 Level 1 Level 1
0,90 < E < 0,95 Level 2 Level 2
0,80 < E < 0,90 Level 3 Level 2
0 < E < 0,80 Level 4 Level 3
11
C H A P TE R
3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY
PROTECTION DEVICE DEFINITION

It is advisable to take into account the To facilitate your preliminary studies, Hélita will
technical and architectural constraints when provide a questionnaire in which the minimum
configuring the different components of the required information can be entered, and a
protection device. calculation software package.
12
C H A P TE R
4 PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF AN ESE LIGHTNING

CONDUCTOR ACCORDING TO STANDARD NC F C 17-102 - APPENDIX C
This test procedure consists in evaluating the applied to the Pulsar in the first configuration,
triggering time of an early streamer emission then to the simple rod conductor in the second
(ESE) lightning conductor compared with a configuration.
simple rod lightning conductor (SRC) in high
voltage laboratory conditions. 100 shocks are
SIMUL ATION OF NATURAL CONDITIONS

Natural conditions can be simulated in a
laboratory by superimposing a permanent field
and an impulse field associated with a plate /
ground platform area (H). The tested lightning
conductor is placed on the ground, beneath the
centre of this platform. In the experiment, the
height H = 6 m, and the lightning conductor
d d
height h = 1.5 m.
H H
h h
ESE SRC
LABORATORY EARTH LABORATORY EARTH
ELECTRIC AL CONDITIONS
The permanent field caused by the charge The impulse field caused by the approach of
distribution in the cloud is represented by a DC the downward leader is simulated with a
voltage of 15 to 20 kv/m (simulating a field of negative polarity wave applied to the platform.
around 15 to 20 kV/m) applied to the upper The rise time of the wave Tm is 650 µs. The
plate. wave gradient, at the significant points is
around 109 V/m/s.
GEOMETRIC AL CONDITIONS
The volume used for the experiment must be The lightning conductors are tested in
large enough to allow the ascending discharge sequence in strictly identical geometrical
to develop freely: conditions: same height, same location, same
distance between tip and upper platform.
distance d between upper platform and
tip ≥ 2 m, IREQ Laboratory (Canada - 2000)
upper plate diameter ≥ distance from upper

plate to ground
13
C H A P TE R
4 PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF AN ESE LIGHTNING

CONDUCTOR ACCORDING TO STANDARD NC F C 17-102 - APPENDIX C
ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR TRIGGERING TIME C ALCUL ATION

General conditions Recording Other recordings or measurements
Number of shocks: around 100 per Triggering time (TB): obtained directly by Short-circuit current (coaxial shunt).
configuration (sufficient for an accurate reading the data from the diagnostic
Time/voltage characteristics for several
analysis of the leader /Leader transition). equipment. This data is not characteristic,
shocks.
but it does enable a simple reading to
Interval between shocks: the same for each
establish whether or not a shock can yield Rod to plate distance before and after each
configuration.
a valid result. configuration.
Light emitted by the leader at the lightning Climatic parameters: pressure, temperature,
conductor tip (photomultipliers): this data absolute humidity.
provides a very accurate detection of the
leader continuous propagation instant.
Pre-discharge current (coaxial shunt): the

resulting curves confirm the previous
diagnostic data.
Space-time development of the discharge

(image converter): the image converter
pictures provide a further means of
analysing the results.
Triggering time of a simple rod lightning conductor Triggering time of An ESE lightning conductor
∆T C ALCUL ATION ∆T TESE TSRC t(µs)
The triggering time instants, or continuous Hélita has generated more than 40,000 sparks
propagation instants of the upward leader are using this test procedure in the following high
e
obtained by analysing the diagnostic data voltage laboratories: av
ew
described above. The mean is then calculated nc ve
re
Bazet VHV Laboratory - SEDIVER (France) wa
fe
for each lightning conductor tested, and the

re
l
ta
EESE
en
difference between the mean values is the Volta HV Laboratory - MERLIN GERIN
rim
pe
ESE lightning conductor triggering time. (France)

ex
ESRC
∆T = T PTS - T PDA L.G.E.Les Renardières - ELECTRICITE DE

FRANCE
Hélita has unique know-how and experience in
EM exp
this field. Bagnères de Bigorre HV Laboratory -
LEHTM (France)
Varennes IREQ Laboratory (Canada)
WHVI - WUHAN (China)
14
C H A P TE R
5 IN SITU TESTS
OBJECTIVES
HELITA has been investing for many years in HELITA’s ongoing in situ research in France and to qualify the dimensioning of the equip-
research into lightning conductor protection abroad has three main objectives: ment in real-life lightning strike conditions.
devices, and is constantly striving to enhance
to enhance the protection models,
the performance of its products.
to measure in situ the effectiveness of ESE
conductors, already evaluated in laboratory
conditions,
NATURAL LIGHTNING EXPERIMENTAL SITE

Located in the Hautes-Pyrénées department Purpose of the experiments: to test the resistance of the equipment to
of France lightning shocks and climatological
to confirm the triggering time of ESE
constraints.
Keraunic level: 30 days of storms per annum lightning conductors compared to simple
rod conductors
to direct the flow of the lightning currents

captured by the lightning conductors to
low-voltage surge arresters via an appro
priate earthing network.
EXPERIMENTAL ARTIFICIAL LIGHTNING TRIGGERING SITES

Because lightning is a randomly occurring Site located at Privat d’Allier in Auvergne, Site located at Camp Blanding
natural phenomenon, artificial triggering France (Florida/USA)
techniques have been developed to speed up
Keraunic level: 30 Keraunic level: 80
the research process.
Purpose of the experiments: Purpose of the experiments:
When lightning conditions are prevalent the
triggering technique consists in sending a to qualify the lightning strike counters and to confirm the triggering time gain of the ESE
rocket with a trailing wire in the direction of the low-voltage arresters in situ, lightning rods compared with single rod
storm clouds to cause a lightning strike at the conductors,
to qualify the resistance of the equipment to
experimental site. triggered lightning strikes. to collect data with a view to improving the
The wire may comprise an insulating section in protection models.
order to generate the largest possible number
of lightning strikes for experimental purposes.
15
C H A P TE R
6 HÉLITA SERVICES
HÉLITA WORLDWIDE
16
C H A P TE R
6 HÉLITA SERVICES
TRAINING
Hélita provides training courses for its field Hélita also organises annual forums run by
technicians and for the employees of other lightning specialists for our field technicians,
companies. and participates actively in seminars organised
by our partners.
The courses are designed to enable the
evaluation of technical skills and service Our instructors have nationally and internatio-
quality, and to develop the highest possible nally recognised skills and experience and are
awareness and understanding of the range of also available to speak at conferences on
available solutions for lightning protection. lightning.
A SOFTWARE PACK AGE DEDIC ATED TO THE NF C 17-102 STANDARD

Hélita has developed a software package select the protection device,
supplied on CD-ROM. The software runs in the
calculate safety distances,
PC WINDOWS 2000, 98 and 95 environments
and can be used to: compile technical descriptions and
equipment parts lists: Hélita will be glad to
evaluate the lightning risk,
provide this package free of charge.
select the appropriate protection level,
A TECHNIC AL SERVICE AT YOUR DISPOSAL

Hélita offers a free survey and design service for the type of material required to protect
for lightning protection. Simply send us the the structure.
drawings of the structure you are seeking to
protect (cutaway or side views and roof views)
and we shall send you back a detailed estimate
FIELD TECHNICIANS THROUGHOUT FRANCE AND A WORLDWIDE

DEALER NETWORK
Our services are also available via our network They have received full technical training and
of approved field technicians throughout are at your service to draw up free quotations
France, and our sole agents in over 60 and offer you the full benefits of their
countries worldwide. experience in the field.
17
C H A P TE R
7 INSTALL ATION GUIDE
Early streamer emission lightning conductor
diverter
lateral brackets
Pulsar lightning conductor
rubberalu clamps
ø 6 or 8 mm
copper round tape 30 x 2
or
conductor supporting
stud
tape 30 x 2
hook
extension
mast
lightning
stroke counter
copper strip 30 x 2
down conductor 3 screw-in stainless

steel clamps on 2 m
hook
of flat
protecting flat
test coupling
duckfoot connector
18
C H A P TE R
7 INSTALL ATION GUIDE
Meshed cage
swivelling mounting
30 x 2 strip plate
strike point
conductor supporting stud

0,3 or 0,5 m
OR
support plate
OR
30 x 2 tape flat mounting plate 30 x 2 roof

copper tape
rubber alu clamp 30 x 2 copper tape
down conductor
30 x 2 tape
30 x 2 tape
hook
ø6 ou 8 mm
copper round
lightning stroke
counter
earth rods
down
conductor
hook
test
coupling
protecting flat
30 x 2 copper tape
3 screw-in stainless
steel clamps on 2 m
of flat
protecting flat equipotential box
19
20
C H A P TE R
8 LIGHTNING C APTURE DEVICES
LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
Early Streamer Emission (ESE) lightning conductors or simple rod lightning conductors (SRC)
As a general rule, the lightning conductor should is essential (e.g. when the conductor is fixed D ≤ 1.50 m : connect ESE lightning conductors
culminate at least two metres above the highest with a flat support on the roof waterproofing,
D ≥ 1.50 m : do not connect lightning
points of the building(s) to be protected. or is exposed to particularly strong winds),
conductors
the guys should be made of Ø 5.6 fibre glass.
Its location should therefore be determined
relative to building superstructures: chimneys, When metal cables are used for guying, the When protecting open-air sites such as sports
machine and equipment rooms, flagpoles, lower anchoring points should be interconnected
grounds, golf courses, swimming pools, and
pylons or aerials. Ideally, these vulnerable with the down conductor by a conductive mate-
camping sites, ESE lightning conductors are
points should be selected for lightning rial of the same type. Hélita offers a range of fix-
installed on special supports such as lighting
conductor installation. tures adapted to most requirements.
masts, pylons, or any other nearby structures
The lightning conductor may be raised by an Installation specifications are detailed in the
from which the conductor can cover the area
extension mast. individual product data sheets.
to be protected.
Hélita stainless steel interlocking extension If several lightning conductors (ESE or SRC) are
The software developed by Hélita can be used to
masts can reach an overall height of 5.75 metres used in the outside installation on the same
or 7.50 metres including the lightning conductor structure, they should be connected by a produce a study with the calculated protection
height. They have been specially designed to conductor, except when this has to pass an radius for ESE lightning conductors and evaluate
obviate the need for guying. However, if guying obstacle of more than 1.5 metres in height. the interconnection requirements.
d ≤ 1,50 m d ≤ 1,50 m d ≤ 1,50 m
21
C H A P TE R
SPECIAL C A SES
TV or transmission / reception aerials

By agreement with the user of the aerial, the the connection to the down conductor will be
device can be mounted on the aerial mast, made using a clamp fixed to the foot of the
2 metres
provided that allowance is made for a number mast.
of factors notably: ESE lightning
This process, widely used today, offers three conductor
the lightning conductor tip must culminate advantages:
aerial
at least 2 m above the aerial,
technical (it earths the aerial itself),
lightning conductor and
the coaxial cable will be fed down through aerial support
visual (there is only one mast) down
the lightning conductor mast and its conductor lightning conductor
connection clamp
supports, cost.
hooping
the common supporting mast will no need brackets 500 mm
guying,
Industrial chimney
ESE lightning conductor Simple rod lightning conductor
The lightning conductor should be mounted The lightning conductors (HPF 1001 or 2001)
on an HRI 3501 offset mast as far as possible should be mounted on HPS 2630 stainless
ESE
from smoke and corrosive vapours. steel supports to enable mounting at a 30° lightning
angle. They will be interconnected by a belt conductor
The mast should be fixed to 2 points as
conductor positioned 50 cm from the summit
shown in the diagram.
of the chimney. offset mast
(HRI 3501)
When using 1 metre strike points (HPF.1001) at
least two points should be used and placed at down conductor
intervals of no more than 2 m around the
perimeter.
When using strike points of at least 2 meters in

height, the number of points should be
calculated to cover the protection radius.
Steeple
The lightning conductors have been designed The down conductor is then fixed below the ESE conductor
ESE lightning base
to carry roof ornaments (rooster, weathervane, ornaments. conductor
cardinal points, etc.) available from our
catalogue. rooster
tightening screw
750 mm
cardinal
points
connecting clamp
down
conductor
22
C H A P TE R
MESHED C AGES
The width of roof meshes depends on the Air terminals are placed vertically at the strike air terminals not located on the outer
required protection level and should not highest and most vulnerable points on the polygon are connected to the polygon:
exceed 15 m. The meshes should be made buildings (roof ridges, salient points, edges,
• either by a conductor excluding any upturn
as follows: corners, etc.).
if the air terminals is less than 5 m from
firstly a closed polygon is formed with a per- They are arranged at regular intervals around the polygon
imeter close to the periphery of the roof, the periphery of the roof:
• or by two conductors in opposite directions
transverse sections are then added as the distance between two 30 cm air forming a transversal section if the air
required to achieve the required mesh density terminals should not exceed 10 m terminals is located more than 5 m from
the polygon.
a conductor should be laid on any roof the distance between two 50 cm air
ridges terminals should not exceed 15 m
Protection level Mesh size

NF C 17-100
I 5x5
II 10 x 10
III 15 x 15
IV 20 x 20
23
24
C H A P TE R
9 DOWN CONDUCTORS
OVERVIEW
Down conductors should preferably be made conductor might generate an electrolytic
l
with tin-plated red copper strips, 30 mm wide coupling phenomenon. Here a 30 x 3 mm d
and 2 mm thick. aluminium strip should be used or bimetal
connection.
Lightning is a high frequency current that flows
along the periphery of the conductors. For a In some cases where it is impossible to fix the
like cross-section, a flat conductor has a copper strip, a round Ø 8 mm tin-plated copper
greater periphery. conductor or a 30 x 3 mm flexible tin-plated
l
copper braid should be used.
An exception to the above rule is buildings with
aluminium cladding on which a copper down
d
PATH
The path should be planned to take account of However, in exceptional cases where an outside
the location of the earth termination. The path down conductor cannot be installed, the
should be as straight and short as possible conductor may run down through a service d l
avoiding any sharp bends or upturns. duct, provided that this is used for no other
Curvature radii should be no less than 20 cm. purpose (and subject to agreement with the
To divert the down conductor laterally, safety services and inspection organisations).
30 x 2 mm tin-plated red copper preformed
The down conductor can also be fixed on a main
bends should be used. l
concrete wall located behind a curtain wall.
d
The down conductor path should be chosen to
The conductor supports on the curtain walls
avoid electrical ducts and intersections.
should be connected to the down conductor.
However when crossovers cannot be avoided,
the conduit should be protected inside metal
sheathing extending by 1 m on either side of
the crossover. This sheathing should be
connected to the down conductor.
l
d
PARAPET WALLS
When the face of the parapet wall is less than accommodate a 50 mm minimum diameter
45°
or equal to 40 cm, an upward section in the sheath and thereby avoid bypassing. max
40 cm
down conductor is allowed with a maximum
If this is not possible, supports of the same max
slope of no more than 45°. For parapet walls
height as the wall should be installed to avoid
with an upward section of more than 40 cm,
an upturn.
space should be allowed or a hole drilled to
25
C H A P TE R
9 DOWN CONDUCTORS
CONNECTION strip 30 x 2
The lightning conductor is connected to the The strip will be secured along the extension
down conductor by a connecting clamp that masts by stainless steel clamps. The conductors
must be tightly secured on to the mast. can be connected together by coupling strips. copper round
ø 6 or 8 mm
FA STENERS 30
Whatever the supporting medium the down The fastener must be appropriate for the
conductor must be secured by at least supporting medium and installed so as not to
3 fasteners per linear metre. impair watertightness and allow the conductor 30 or 40 mm
to expand. hook 330
Insulators are of no effect in dealing with
lightning current. However, insulators are used
to distance the conductors and prevent contact
with easily flammable material (thatch or
wood, for example).
lead play
TEST COUPLING lead dowel
Each down conductor must be fitted with a test On metal pylons, framework or cladding, the down conductor
strip
coupling or connection link to enable test coupling should be placed on the ground
hook
measurement of the resistance of the earth in an inspection and earth pit about 1 metre
and the electrical continuity of the down from the foot of the metal wall to avoid
conductor. distorting the resistance measurement of the
test
earth connection by inevitably measuring the coupling
The test coupling is usually placed about 2 m
electrical resistance on the other metallic
above ground level to make it accessible for
networks in the building.
inspection purposes only.
To be compliant with standards, the test

coupling should be identified by the words protecting
flat
“lightning conductor” and the “earth” symbol.
PROTECTING FL AT
Between the test coupling and the ground, It is not advisable to use steel protection flats copper tape
the strip is protected by a 2-meter galvanised because of the premature damage liable to be 30 x 2
sheet metal flat fixed by 3 clamps supplied caused by the electrolytic coupling created
with the flat. by the steel-copper contact. The protecting
flat can be bent to follow the profile of the
3 screw-in stainless
building. steel clamps on the
2 m of protecting flat
protecting flat
26
C H A P TE R
9 DOWN CONDUCTORS
LIGHTNING STROKE COUNTER

When the regulations require the installation of The lightning stroke counter should be installed
a lightning stroke counter, one per lightning above the test coupling around 2 meters above
conductor should be installed for simple rod or the ground.
ESE conductors, and 1 on every 4 down
The counter is connected as a standard fitting
conductors in a meshed cage installation.
on the down conductor.
SPECIAL CONDITIONS B
ESE lightning conductors

Each ESE lightning conductor is earthed by at when lightning protection is being installed
A
least one down conductor. An additional down on structures taller than 28 metres, or
conductor located on another main wall is 40 metres in the case of industrial chimney
required in the following cases: stacks and churches.
when the horizontal path projection of the

conductor is greater than the vertical path A < B : 2 DOWN CONDUCTORS
projection, A : vertical projection of the down conductor path

B : horizontal projection of the down conductor path
A < 28 m and A > B : 1 DOWN CONDUCTOR
27
C H A P TE R
9 DOWN CONDUCTORS
Simple rod lightning conductors

Each simple rod lightning conductor is earthed On churches, 2 down conductors are
by at least one down conductor. systematically installed, one of which follows
the ridge of the nave.
When the down path exceeds 35 m a least two
conductors are required for each simple rod
conductor. These down conductors must be
installed on two different main walls.
Meshed cages
The down conductors are placed on the corners The average distance between two adjacent
and salient features of the building in a layout down conductors depends on the required
that should be as symmetrical and regular as protection level.
possible.
If there is no buried interconnection between
the earths, the down conductors must be
interconnected at ground level.
Protection level Distance between
NF C 17-100 2 down conductors
I 10 m
II 15 m
III 20 m
IV 25 m
28
C H A P TE R
10 EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING
OVERVIEW
When lightning current flows through a There are two ways to avoid this problem: Because it is often difficult to guarantee that
conductor, differences in potential appear the lightning protection system is sufficiently
a) establish an interconnection providing an
between the conductor and nearby metallic isolated during installation or will remain so in
equipotential bond between the conductor
networks (steel framework, pipes, etc.) inside the event of structural changes, on-site work,
and the metallic networks
or outside the building. Dangerous sparks may etc., equipotential bonding is often preferred.
be produced between the two ends of the b) allow a safety distance between the
There are, however, some cases in which
resulting open loop. conductor and the metallic networks
equipotential bonding is not used (e.g. when
The safety distance is the distance beyond there are flammable or explosive piping net-
which no dangerous sparks can be produced works). Here, the down conductors are routed
between the down conductor carrying the beyond the safety distance “s”.
lightning current and nearby metallic networks.
Safety distance calculation

S (m) = n.ki.L
km
where:
"n" is a coefficient determined by the number air-conditioning
of down conductors per ESE lightning conduc-

tor before the contact point considered: S1
n = 1 for one down conductor,

n = 0,6 for two down conductors,
n = 0,4 for three or more conductors
S2
" ki " is determined by the required protection
level: L1
ki = 0.1 for protection level 1 (high
protection), for very exposed or strategic
buildings L2
earthing
ki = 0.075 for protection level 2 (reinforced
bar
protection, exposed building)
ki = 0.05 for protection level 3 (standard

protection)
"km" is related to the material situated

between the two loop ends:
Example: a lightning conductor with a down conductor protects a 20-meter high building with
km : 1 for air
protection level I.
km = 0.52 for a solid material other than Question 1 : should an air conditioning extractor located on the roof be interconnected 3 metres
metal from the down conductor where L1 = 25 metres?
Answer 1: S1 = 1 x 0,1 x 25 = 2,5 m.
1
"L" is the vertical distance between the point
Since the distance (3 metres) between the conductor and the air-conditioning system is greater
at which proximity is measured and the point
than the safety distance (2.5 metres), there is no need to interconnect this extractor.
at which the metallic network is earthed or
Question 2 : Should the computer located in the building 3 metres from the down conductor be
the nearest equipotential bonding point.
interconnected with the conductor, where L2 = 10 metres?
For gas service pipes S = 3 m. Answer 2: S2 = 1 x 0,1 x 10 = 1,92 m.
0,52
Since the distance between the computer and the down conductor (3 metres) is greater than the
safety distance (1.92 metres), there is no need to interconnect this computer.
The software developed by Hélita can be used to quickly calculate the safety distances.
29
C H A P TE R
EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING OF EXTERNAL METALLIC NETWORKS

The equipotential bonding of external metallic All conductive metallic networks located The aerial masts and small posts supporting
networks is an integral part of the outdoor at a distance of less than s (safety distance) electrical power lines should be connected to
lightning protection installation just like the from a conductor should be connected to the the conductor via a mast arrester. Earthing
down conductors and their earths. conductor by a conductive material with a systems embedded in walls should be
like cross-section. connected to the conductor if terminal
connections have been provided.
EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING OF INTERNAL METALLIC NETWORKS

The equipotential bonding of internal metallic
networks is an integral part of the indoor
Hélita ESE lightning conductor
lightning protection installation.
All conductive metallic networks in the structure 1 telephone line protection

(steel frameworks, ducts, sheathing, electrical 2 low voltage power supply
raceways or telecommunication cable trays, etc.) protection
should be connected to the conductor. 3 IT system protection

This is done by using a conductive material with 4 TV protection
a cross-section of at least 16 mm2 for copper or
50 mm2 for steel to connect to equipotential
bonding bars installed inside the structure and
connected in turn to the closest point of the
earthing circuit. 3
Unscreened telecommunication or electrical 4

conductors should be bonded to the lightning
protection system via surge arresters.
2
1
interconnection with
building loop
EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING OF EARTHS

See chapter on earth termination systems.
30
C H A P TE R
11 EARTH TERMINATION SYSTEMS
DUCK'S FOOT EARTH TERMINATION SYSTEM

OVERVIEW
Each down conductor in a lightning protection Current carrying capacity
system must be connected to an earth
This is an often overlooked but essential stainless
termination system designed to carry away and protection steel clamp
aspect of lightning conduction. To minimise the
disperse the lightning current. flat
wave impedance value, a parallel configuration
30 x 2 down conductor
The earth termination system must fulfil three of three electrodes is strongly recommended
1 m from wall
inseparable conditions: instead of just one excessively long electrode. 6 to 9 m depending
depth
60 to 80 cm on soil
resistance
The earth termination resistance Equipotential bonding duck's
value foot
Standards require the equipotential bonding of connector
French and other international standards, as lightning conductor earth termination systems 8 to 12 m
well as the technical requirements of a number with the existing earthing systems.
of authorities stipulate an earth termination NB: the earth termination is covered by a red or
orange warning grid
resistance value of less than 10 ohms. Inspection earth pit
This value should be measured on the earth The connection parts of an earth termination ROD TRIANGLE EARTH
connection isolated from any other conductive system (duck’s foot connector, earth rod, test TERMINATION SYSTEM
component. coupling) can be accessed in an inspection
If the resistance value of 10 ohms cannot be earth pit.
stainless steel
protection clamp
achieved, the earth termination is nonetheless flat
considered compliant if it is made up of at least
30 x 2 strip
100 m of conductors or electrodes, each
section measuring no more than 20 m. 1 m from wall
depth
60 to 80 cm
earth rod
2m
clamp
LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
Duck’s foot connector
The minimum earth termination system is longest strand is connected to the test
made up of 25 meters of 30 x 2 mm tin-plated coupling, the two other strands being linked
copper strip, split into 3 strands buried in to a special connection known as a duck foot’s
NB: the earth termination is
3 trenches at a depth of 60 to 80 cm dug in a connector. covered by a red or orange
warning grid
2 m rod
fan shape like a duck’s foot: one end of the
DUCK'S FOOT EARTH TERMINATION

SYSTEM WITH EARTH RODS
Earth rods
When the site topography does not lend itself vertically in the ground; the rods should be
stainless
to the installation of a duck’s foot as described spaced at intervals of about 2m and at a protection steel clamp
flat
above, an earth termination system can be mandatory distance of 1 m to 1.5 m from the
developed using at least 3 copper earth rods foundations. 30 x 2 strip
each with a minimum length of 2 m, buried
1 m from wall
depth 6 to 9 m
earth rod
60 to 80 cm
clamp
Combined duck's
foot
connector
If the soil type is not altogether suitable for a protection. In this case, the end of each duck
duck’s foot connector, a combination of duck’s foot connector strand is connected to an 8 to 12 m
foot and earth rods will significantly enhance earth rod.
NB: the earth termination is

covered by a red or orange rod
warning grid
31
C H A P TE R
MESHED C AGES DUCK'S FOOT SYSTEM

FOR A MESHED CAGE
Duck’s foot connector
The earth connection is made up of coupling; the other two splay out at an angle of stainless
3 conductors each 3 m in length, buried 45° on either side of this central strand and are protection steel clamp
flat
horizontally at a depth of 60 to 80 cm. One of coupled to it with a special connector known as
the strips is connected to one end of the test a duck’s foot connector. 30 x 2 strip
1 m from wall
depth 3m
60 to 80 cm
duck's
foot
connector
4m
NB: the earth termination is covered by a red or

orange warning grid
Earth rods
The earth connection is made up of 2 spiked with the same cross-section and of the same
vertical rods at least 2 m in length, connected type as the down conductors. test
coupling
to each other and to the down conductor, and
Where there is an existing entrenched earth
at least 2 m from each other. The rods should protection
loop in the foundations for the building’s 2m flat
be 1 m to 1.5 m from the foundations.
electrical installations, there is no need to create
The earth termination systems in a building a new loop: the earth terminations can simply 0,6 m
should be connected together with a conductor be interconnected by a tin-plated 30 x 2 mm
copper strip.
2m
2 rods
EARTHING SYSTEM EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING D
test
When the protected building or area has an conductor should be constructed such that no coupling
existing earth termination system for the currents are induced in nearby equipment disconnectable
connection
electrical installations, the lightning conductor cables.
earths should be connected to it. P
In all cases, the interconnection should include
This interconnection should be made to the a device that can be disconnected to enable B
earthing circuit at the closest point to the down measurements of the resistance of the D : down conductor of a lightning conductor
conductor. lightning conductor earth. B : entrenched building loop
P : lightning conductor earth termination system
When this is impossible in an existing building, This device can be made up of either an
the interconnection should be made to the equipotential connection case fixed to the main
earth plate. In this case, the interconnecting wall of the building, or an equipotential bonding
bar located in an inspection earth pit.
32
C H A P TE R
REQUIRED DISTANCE BETWEEN LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR AND BURIED UTILITIES

The NF C 17-102 and NF C 17-100 standards between the lightning conductor components These distances are applicable only to conduits
specify the minimum distances to be observed and buried utilities. that are not electrically connected to the
building’s main equipotential connection.
Buried utilities Minimum distances (m) There are no minimum distance requirements
Ground resistivity Ground resistivity for non-metallic conduits.
≤ 500 Ω.m ≥ 500 Ω.m
HV electrical conduit 0,5 0,5
Unearthed LV electrical conduit 2 5
Earth termination system / LV distribution 10 20
Metal gas pipes 2 5
33
34
C H A P TE R
12 INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE
The current standards recommend regular, periodical inspections of the lightning

protection system.
The following schedules are recommended:
Normal periodicity Reinforced periodicity

LEVEL I 2 YEARS 1 YEAR
LEVEL II 3 YEARS 2 YEARS
LEVEL III 3 YEARS 2 YEARS
LEVEL IV 4 YEARS 3 YEARS
In a corrosive atmosphere, the more reinforced Lightning strikes can be recorded by a lightning
periodicity is recommended. strike counter installed on one of the down
conductors.
A lightning protection system should also be
inspected whenever the protection structure is
modified, repaired or when the structure has
been struck by lightning.
ESE lightning conductor maintenance kit, a unique solution

With its experience of ESE lightning conductor inspections. The device can be used without
development and special testing processes, dismantling the ESE lightning conductor.
Hélita offers a simple and complete solution: a
telescopic 8 meter pole supplied with a por-
table test case to enable simple in situ
The following aspects of the lightning conductor operation should be

inspected (cf NF C 17-102 paragraph 7.2.2 & NFC 17-100 paragraph 4.2.2)
Visual inspection should be conducted to Measurements should be taken to
ensure that: verify the:
no extension or modification of the protected electrical continuity of the hidden conductors,

structure necessitates the installation of
additional lightning protection, the earth termination system resistance
values (any variation should be analysed)
the electrical continuity of visible conductors
The findings of each scheduled inspection
is good,
should be recorded in a detailed report stating
the required corrective measures.
all component fasteners and mechanical
properties are in good condition, Any faults identified in a scheduled inspection
should be corrected as soon as possible in
no parts have been weakened by corrosion, order to maintain optimal lightning protection.
An inspection of this kind should also be

safety distances are complied with and there conducted on completion of a new lightning
are sufficient equipotential bondings that protection installation.
are in satisfactory condition.
35
M a t e r i a l
37
C H A P TE R
1 PULSAR EARLY STREAMER EMISSION LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
INSTALL ATION
The advantage of early streamer emission
Return stroke Meeting

point
Upward
leaders
0 A B C
Upward Meeting
leaders point
Pulsar
0 A C
Pulsar references
725
725
1 tip
725
2 body 1
3 clamp
4 pole
260
230
200
3
Ø74
Ø74
Ø74
1080
1080
1080
4
260
230
200
Ø60 Ø60 Ø60

Pulsar 30 Pulsar 45 Pulsar 60
38
C H A P TE R
1 PULSAR EARLY STREAMER EMISSION LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
The early streamer emission concept implemen- capture the lightning stroke and conduct it
ted in the Pulsar lightning conductor delivers a towards the ground. Successfully demonstrated
unique gain in efficiency: anticipating the natural in laboratory conditions, this triggering time,
formation of an upward leader, the Pulsar compared with simple rod lightning conductors,
generates a leader that propagates rapidly to offers critical extra protection.
Radius of protection provided by Pulsar

Level of protection
NFC 17-102 I (D = 20 m) II (D = 45 m) III (D = 60 m)
Pulsar Pulsar Pulsar Pulsar Pulsar Pulsar Pulsar Pulsar Pulsar

Pulsar 30 45 60 30 45 60 30 45 60
h(m) Radius of protection RP (m)
2 19 25 32 25 32 40 28 36 44
3 28 38 48 38 48 59 42 57 65
4 38 51 64 50 65 78 57 72 87
5 48 63 79 63 81 97 71 89 107
6 48 63 79 64 81 97 72 90 107
8 49 64 79 65 82 98 73 91 108
10 49 64 79 66 83 99 75 92 109
15 50 65 80 69 85 101 78 95 111
20 50 65 80 71 86 102 81 97 113
45 50 65 80 75 90 105 89 104 119
60 50 65 80 75 90 105 90 105 120
The level of protection is calculated calculate the radius of protection has been
according to Appendix B of the French validated in laboratory conditions by
standard NF C 17-102. Gimelec, the French electrical and electronic
For the Pulsar 60, the 60 µs limit adopted equipment manufacturers association.
for the gain in sparkover time ∆T used to
NOTA : Concerning classified sites for which the coefficient C5=10, radius of protection must be
reduced by 40%.
Reference Designation Length (m) Weight (kg)

IMH.3012 Pulsar 30 stainless steel 2 M 2,00 5,0
IMH.3022 Pulsar 30 stainless steel copper 2 M 2,00 5,0
IMH.3032 Pulsar 30 stainless steel black 2 M 2,00 5,0
IMH.6022 Pulsar 60 stainless steel copper 2 M 2,06 5,7
39
C H A P TE R
2 SIMPLE ROD LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
INSTALL ATION
PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL HOUSES
simple rod conductor
Rp = 10 to 20 m
2m
down conductor
aerial protection
electrical
protection test coupling
telephone line protecting flat

protection
equipotential bonding
electrical earthing loop

lightning conductor earth
40
C H A P TE R
2 SIMPLE ROD LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
The rods are made of a tapered solid stainless

steel tip (L = 0.20 m), a stainless steel mast
(ø 24/30 mm) and a connecting clamp.
In accordance with standard NF C 17-100

(paragraph 2.3.1.), the protection radii are
as follows:
Radius of protection Rp (m)

Level of protection H (m)
H (m) I II III IV
2 5 6 9 11
4 8 10 12 15
6 10 12 15 20
8 10 13 17 21
10 10 14 17 22
20 10 15 21 29
H: height of conductor tip above protected Rp: radius of protection in horizontal plane located
surface(s). at a vertical distance h from the conductor tip.
Reference Designation L. (m) W. (kg)

HPF 1001 on 1 m stainless steel mast 1,20 2,00
HPF 2001 on 2 m stainless steel mast 2,20 3,50
Other mast heights and finishes on request.
41
C H A P TE R
3 STAINLESS STEEL EXTENSION MA STS
INSTALL ATION
2 m : IMHxxx2
3 m : IMHxxx3
Pulsar
ø 35
HRI 3502
HRI 4204
3,75 m
HRI 5006 ø 42
5,50 m
HRI 4202
ø 50
HRI 5002
42
C H A P TE R
The interlocking extension masts reach a Material: stainless steel

maximum height of 5.75 m, i.e. 7.60 m when
Delivered complete with hardware and
equipped with a 2 m lightning conductor.
stainless steel connection clamps.
Specially designed to eliminate the use of
guying kit.
Reference Designation Length Weight (kg)

HRI 3502 Stainless steel mast ø 35 / int. 31 2m 3,4
HRI 3515 Stainless steel mast ø 35 / int. 31 1,5 m 2,5
HRI 4204 Set of 2 stainless steel masts / int. 44 3,75 m 9,8
HRI 5003 Stainless steel extension mast ø 50 / int. 44 3m 11
MA ST SELECTION GUIDE
France is divided by the NV65 regulations These regulations define the maximum wind
into 4 snow and wind zones (see map speed to be considered in each zone.
overleaf ).
I - REGION I / REGION II (normal site)

Nominal height Conductor type Mast type
4m IMH xx 12 HRI 3502
7m IMH xx 13 HRI 3502 + HRI 4202 = HRI 4204
II - REGION II (exposed site / REGION III )

Nominal height Conductor type Mast type
8m IMH xx 12 HRI 3502 + HRI 4202 + HRI 5002 = HRI 5006
43
C H A P TE R
AERIAL MA ST SUPPORT
Material: stainless steel Reference ø (mm) Height (m) Weight (Kg)
Delivered complete with stainless steel HRI 3530 35 3 5,2
connecting clamp for conductor.
With M 30 screw thread to fit PULSAR

lightning conductor without pole
(overall height 4 meters)
Possible heightening by ø 42 mm mast.
OFFSET RODS FOR INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEY STACKS

Material: stainless steel Reference Offset (m) Weight (Kg)
Delivered complete with hardware and HRI 3501 1 5,2
stainless steel connecting clamp for
conductor.
To offset a solitary lightning conductor

(without extension mast) by 1 m from
a chimney stack
Assembly:
- lightning conductor bolts into right-hand
tube
- offset rod fitted to chimney stack by
two brackets each with two ø 8 mm
drill holes
44
C H A P TE R
4 PYLONS
INSTALL ATION
ESE conductor
fixture
warning light
transmission/reception aerials
solar panel
VLV power 12/24 V
LV power 220/380 V
coaxial cables stainless steel clamps

for down conductor
tin-plated Cu flat
30 x 2 mm conductor
earthing clamps
test coupling
inspection earth pit

earth interconnection
duck's foot
connector
earth rod
45
C H A P TE R
4 PYLONS
SELF C ARRYING PYLONS

Material: hot galvanised steel
These pylons are made of a welded steel
lattice with a triangular cross-section.
Each element is 3 m in length, except the
ground anchoring section (length 3.70 m).
Delivered complete with stainless steel

hardware and HELITA ø 35 mast head.
The concrete anchorage blocks should be

made with concrete in a proportion of
350 kg/m3 and should be calculated for
a good ground.
GUYED PYLONS
Material: hot galvanised steel Fibre glass guying (1 set per section).
These pylons are made of a welded steel Delivered complete with base and neoprene
lattice with a triangular cross-section tile, HELITA ø 35 mast head, fibre glass and
(centerline distance 175 mm) supplied in accessories (anchoring clips and stay
lengths of 3 or 6 m. tighteners) for guying, with bolted
anchoring.
Use: lightning conductors supports for flat
roofs.
SELF-SUPPORTING GUYED
Height *(m) Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV Zones I and II
(136 km/h) (149 km/h) (167 km/h) (183 km/h)
9 HPA 0109 HPA 0209 HPA 0309 HPA 0409 HPH 0900
* other sizes on request
* technical specifications available
18 HPA 0118 HPA 0218 HPA 0318 HPA 0418 HPH 1800 * for wind zone V (210 km/h) please consult us
GUYING KIT
Complete kit with: Pulsar
Reference Designation W. (kg)
25 metres of fibre glass cable HKH 0025 Guying kit 12
6 anchoring clips guying ring

fiber
glass guy
3 stay tighteners
stay
3 ring fasteners tightener
1 3-directional clamp masts
1 base
base
anchor
46
C H A P TE R
5 L ATERAL FIXTURES
INSTALL ATION
176 mm with HPS 2708 or HPS 2848

341 mm with HPS 2705 or HPS 2845
191 mm
150 mm 150 mm
125 mm 2 bolt holes
or 290 mm ø 11 mm
fixturing depends
on wall type:
- bolted or embedded 176 mm with HPS 2708 or HPS 2848 Pulsar mast
in solid walls 341 mm with HPS 2705 or HPS 2845
- M10 bolt in steel frame. stainless steel
clamps
lightning conductor handrail post down

~
= 500 mm conductor
~
= 200 mm
handrail
extension mast
500 to 1000 mm
300 to 500 mm
300 to 500 mm
~ 273 mm strip with hook

= 200 mm
150 x 40 mm plate
spacing between holes:
120 mm 120 mm ø 12 mm
47
C H A P TE R
5 L ATERAL FIXTURES
Material: galvanised steel Set of two brackets: used for gable fixing
of a lightning conductor with or without
a 2 m extension mast. Distance between
hardware
brackets = 50 cm
Clamping diameter: 30 to 55 mm
BOLTED BRACKETS
Use: bolted fixing for an offset mast on a
Reference Designation/offset W. (kg)
vertical wall (M 10)
HPS 2705 Set of 2 brackets / 290 mm 3,80
Bolt hole diameter: ø 11 mm
Distance between bolt holes: 120 mm. HPS 2708 Set of 2 brackets / 125 mm 2,80
SCREW-IN BRACKETS
Use: fixing of a mast along a horizontal
or vertical standard section
HPS 2902 Set of 2 brackets 1,6
OFFSET CL AMPS
Use: fixing of a mast offset from a vertical wall
or a horizontal section by means of ø 10 mm
bolts.
Reference Designation Use W. (kg)

HPS 2704 Set of 2 clamps Horizontal support 3,40
HPS 2844 Set of 3 clamps Horizontal support 5,10
HPS 2706 Set of 2 clamps Vertical support 3,40
HPS 2846 Set of 3 clamps Vertical support 5,10
WALL ANCHORS
Use: fixing of a mast embedded in a
masonry wall
Offset distance: max. 150 mm maxi HPS 2847 Set of 3 brackets 4,2
Embedded distance: min. 150 mm
48
C H A P TE R
5 L ATERAL FIXTURES
OFFSET BRACKETS
Use: fixing of a mast offset from a vertical
section
Offset distance: max. 190 mm HPS 2849 Set of 3 brackets 5,4
STEEL HOOPS
Use (HCC 4000-4001): fixing of a mast on a chimney, a concrete mast, etc.
(rectangular/square section) - picture 1
Reference Designation Clamping ø (mm) W. (kg)

HCC 4000 Set of 2 brackets square section from 30 to 60 2,0
HCC 4001 Set of 3 brackets square section from 30 to 60 3,0

1
HCC 5000 Set of 2 brackets cylindrical section 250 2,2
HCC 5001 Set of 3 brackets cylindrical section 250 3,3
HFC 4002 Coil of steel hoop (25 m) 5,0
Use (HCC 5000-5001): fixing of a mast on a chimney round section (p. 60) - picture 2
WIDE OFFSET BRACKET

Use: bolted fixing of a mast offset from Minimum distance between brackets:50 cm
a vertical wall (M 10) to fix a set of masts for a building with a
height of 5 m; 1 m for higher buildings
Material: galvanised steel
Delivered complete with hardware and
Offset distance: 45 cm
back plate
Distance between bolt holes: 54 cm
Reference Designation Clamping ø (mm) W. (kg)

HPS 2710 Set of 2 brackets from 30 to 60 10,5
49
C H A P TE R
6 VERTIC AL FIXTURES
C ARRIAGE BOLT HOLDFA STS

Use: to fix of a single conductor rod (with Material: galvanised steel
no extension mast) in timber frameworks
Delivered complete with hardware
or bedding in masonry
Reference Designation Effective thread L. Effective L. after fixing Hole ø W. (kg)

HST 2044 Short sup. 150 mm 0,10 m 18 mm 1,25
HST 2698 Long sup. 150 mm 1,00 m 18 mm 5,90
THREADED BA SES
Use: to fix a conductor to a metal framework. Material: galvanised steel
The conductor may be raised by a ø 35 mm
Delivered complete with hardware
extension mast
Reference Designation Max. tightening L. Thread ø W. (kg)

HEF 2107 Conductor base 115 mm 30 mm 2,20
HEF 2313 ø 35 mm ext. mast base 150 mm 36 mm 4,50
WATER DEFLECTING CONES

Use: to ensure the watertightness in between
Reference Taper opening H. (mm) W. (kg)
the roof and the mast when fixing is used under
CRE 2700 6 to 50 mm 55 0,04
roofing. Cut according to mast diameter (CRE)
or welded around mast (CCH). CRE 2701 50 to 92 mm 85 0,07
CCH 0113 29 mm 85 2
Material: rubber (CRE) or copper (CCH)
CCH 0097 21 mm 75 1,6
For CCH: rubber thickness 6/10
INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEY BRACKET

Use: to offset a simple rod lihtning
conductor (HPF 1001 or HPF 2001)
HPS 2630 Stainless steel 1,3
from a chimney stack chimney bracket
Material: stainless steel

hardware
SUPPORTING PL ATES / TRIPODS

Use: to fix lightning conductors or elevation Material: galvanised steel
masts to flat roofs
Bolt hole diameters: 12 mm
Reference Designation H. (mm) Dimensions Centerline dist. W. (kg)

of base
HPP 4523 Plate for 30 to 35 mm tube 330 200 x 200 160 x 160 5,5
TSH 4525 Tripod for 42 to 50 mm tube 800 420 face 390 face 8,5
50
C H A P TE R
6 VERTIC AL FIXTURES
ADAPTOR SLEEVES
Use: to fix a PULSAR lightning conductor
to an existing support with max. ø 49 mm.
Reference Designation Max. tightening L. Diameter (mm) W. (kg)

HMA 5030 For Pulsar block (1) 180 mm Thread ø 30 1,30
HMA 5115 For Pulsar masts with Franklin tip (2) 180 mm Tube ø 30 2,30
51
C H A P TE R
7 AIR TERMINALS FOR MESHED C AGES
AIR TERMINAL
Hélita air terminals are designed for easy, a bright tapped nickel-plated brass base
rapid installation on a wide range of M 10 for the connection and intersection
structures. of flat or round conductors.
They are adaptable to all fixtures shown
They are made up of:
below.
a cylindrical (ø 18 mm) bright nickel-plated
copper cylinder tapered at the top and with
a threaded lower section. Reference Material L. (m) W. (kg)
HPC 3000 Nickel Copper 0,30 1,00
HPC 5000 Nickel Copper 0,50 1,50
NB: Different lengths on request.
FIXTURE ACCESSORIES FOR AIR TERMINALS
Vertical mounting
Material: tin-plated or galvanised steel
Reference Designation Hole ø (mm) Length (cm) W. (kg)

SSH 5001 To bed 16 10 0,120
STH 5002 To bold 8 16 0,070
EFH 5003 S/Steel threaded base 10 13 0,100
Supporting plates
Fixing: 2 ø 10 mm bolt holes
(centerline distance 93 mm) 2
1
Reference Designation Length x width (mm) W. (kg)
PSH 5002 (1) Flat plate PM 50 x 50 0,100
PSH 5004 (2) Flat plate GM 120 x 50 0,200
SOH 5006 (3) Swivelling plate 120 x 50 0,460

3 4
PFH 5000 (4) Roof ridge plate 250 x 120 0,500
Offset plates Reference Designation W. (kg)

Material: galvanised steel PDH 5005 5 cm offset plate 0,110
PDH 5015 15 cm offset plate 0,200

Fixing: by M8 screw
52
C H A P TE R
7 AIR TERMINALS FOR MESHED C AGES
Adaptor sleeves Reference Max. tightening L. W. (kg)

Use: to fix air terminals to existing supports HMA 5010 100 mm 0,400
(max. ø 50 mm)
53
C H A P TE R
8 CONDUCTORS
FL AT CONDUCTORS* (sold per meter)
Reference Designation Material W. (kg/m)

CPC 2712 30 x 2 mm strip Tin-plated copper 0,535
CPC 2711 30 x 2 mm strip Red copper 0,535
CPA 2715 30 x 3 mm strip Aluminium 0,235
CPI 2711 30 x 2 mm strip Stainless steel 0,474
*Other dimensions on request
ROUND CONDUCTORS*
Reference Designation Material W. (kg/m)

2
CRC 6001 ø 6 red copper 28 mm 0,252
2
CRC 8001 ø 8 red copper 50 mm 0,450
2
CRC 8000 ø 8 tin-plated copper 50 mm 0,450
FLEXIBLE BRAIDS*
Material: tin-plated copper
Reference Dimensions Section W. (kg/m)

2
CTC 2714 30 x 3,5 mm 50 mm 0,50
PREFORMED BENDS*
Material: tin-plated copper We recommend the use of a soldering joint
or two special strip flat / flat connections
Curvature radii to lightning conductor
for connecting two bends.
standards
Reference Dimensions Section W. (kg)

2
CCP 2716 30 x 2 mm 60 mm 0,50
2
CCP 8001 30 x 2 mm 60 mm 0,256
SHUNTS
Electrolytically tin-plated flat flexible copper Other lengths and cross-sections available
braid with welded eyelet at each end on request
Reference L. (m) Section W. (kg)

2
STP 5030 0,30 50 mm 0,16
2
STP 5050 0,50 50 mm 0,27
STP 5075 0,75 50 mm2 0,40
STP 5100 1,00 50 mm2 0,60
54
C H A P TE R
9 FL AT AND ROUND CONDUCTOR FA STENERS
INSTALL ATION
30 x 2
strip
150
40
tile
staples gutter x
0 Ma
clip 30 x 2 33
tin spot HPG2679
welds strip
wall
fastener conductor
gutter supporting studs roof strip
roof strip 30 x 2 or riveted or screw-in

30 x 3 strip stainless steel clips
strip 30 x 2 HBI 2703 or HBI 2704
tin welds on
zinc roof
copper round
ø 6 or 8 mm
330 max
12 330 max.
steel cladding
65
55
C H A P TE R
TILE AND SL ATE STAPLES

Material: tin-plated copper Reference L. W. (kg)
For 30 mm wide strip HAA 2701 0,09 m 0,020
To prevent the staple sliding, tack weld HAA 2641 0,20 m 0,047
the strip to the staple HAA 2672 0,30 m 0,070
CLIPPED TILE FA STENERS

Material: tin-plated copper strip saddle Reference L. W. (kg)
25 x 1 mm
HAA 2673 (1) 0,175 m 0,040
Clips: stainless steel. Used for fixing a 1
HAR 2745 (1) grey 0,045
30 mm strip to all types of slate of
unbedded roofing tiles HAR 2746 (2) copper 0,045
PVC: grey or red copper

2
METAL ROOF CLIPS

Material: tin-plated copper Reference Dimensions (mm) W. (kg)
For 30 mm strip HBZ 2702 65 x 12 0,005
For welding on to the roof and the strip,

but can be fixed with copper rivets.
RUBERALU BRACKETS FOR FL AT ROOF

WITH WATERPROOFING
Material: bituminised aluminium Reference Dimensions (mm) W. (kg)
For 30 mm wide strip HBR 2717 150 x 40 0,020
These brackets are attached by hot-melt

gluing
RUBERALU BAND
Material: bituminised aluminium Reference W. (mm) Th. (mm) W. (kg)
Fixed by hot-melt gluing HBR 1500 150 3 4
Length: 7 m roll
56
C H A P TE R
CONDUCTOR SUPPORTING STUDS

Material: black synthetic exterior filled Eliminates the need to drill through
with cement (except HPV 2771 which is waterproofing to attach the conductor.
hollow).
Can be glued with neoprene glue.
Height: 8 cm
Reference Designation Use W. (kg)

HPV 2771 Hollow stud ø 8 mm conductor
30 x 2 mm conductor 0,16
Cable raceway
HPB 2772 Solid stud (clip) ø 8 mm conductor 1,29

30 x 2 mm conductor
HPB 2773 Solid stud (ruberalu bracket) ø 8 mm conductor 1,00

30 x 2 mm conductor
HOOK FOR MA SONRY WALLS

Fixing: on masonry by driving into lead For flat strip
dowels
Reference Designation Material W. (kg)

HCM 2704 Hook 30 mm Galvanised steel 0,014
HCM 2706 Hook 30 mm Stainless steel 0,020
HCC 2696 Dowel Lead 0,003
MA SONRY FIXTURES
For 30 mm wide strip; supplied with wood Reference W. (kg)
screw
HCL 2642 (1) 0,020
Material: brass
SCP 3000 (2) 0,046
For round conductors; supplied with wood
HCL 2641 (1) 0,015
screw
Material: copper 1
57
C H A P TE R
PVC FIXTURES
Fixing: on 30 mm wide strip with isolation
from supporting material (screw-hole Reference Adaptation W. (kg)
spacing 15 mm) HAP 3001 Sole M 8 0,024
Colour: grey HAP 3002 Dowel ø 8 0,024
HAP for flat conductors;

HAR for round conductors
Reference Colour Use W. (Kg)

HAR 2845 Grey Masonry 0,016
HAR 2846 Copper Masonry 0,016
HAR 2445 Grey Adapts to thread M 8 0,007
HAR 2446 Copper Adapts to thread M 8 0,007
STAINLESS STEEL CLIPS

Material: stainless steel Reference Designation W. (kg)
For fixing a flat strip conductor HCB 4240 Clips for waterproof cladding 0,005
Fixed with pop rivets or screws (ø 4 mm) HBI 2703 Stainless steel clips for 30 x 2 0,002
not supplied HBI 2704 Stainless steel clips for 30 x 3 0,002
HRP 2705 50 aluminium waterproof pop rivets ø 4 0,1

ø 5 mm drill hole for waterproof cladding
clips HRP 2706 50 copper rivets ø 4 0,1
HRP 2707 50 stainless steel clips ø 4 0,1
WATERPROOF FIXING ON CL ADDING

Fixing: on cladding and roofs of galvanised or Fixed entirely from outside and guaranteeing
thermo-lacquered steel plate (ref. FDT 0045) perfect watertightness. May be equipped
with a bakelite insulator
Fixing: on tiles or fibrocement
(ref. FDT 0046) Drill hole ø: 10 mm
Reference Use W. (kg)

FDT 0045 Metal cladding Dowel L. 15 mm 0,03 FDT for flat conductors;
FDT 0046 Tiles or cement fibre Dowel L. 25 mm 0,04 HAR for round conductors
HAR 2545 Metal cladding (grey) 0,017
HAR 2546 Metal cladding (copper) 0,017
HAR 2945 Round conductor ø 8 mm for cladding/fibrocement 0,02
INSUL ATING SUPPORTS

Fixing: strip on timber framework or thatch Reference Insulator H (mm) Thread ø W. (kg)
Material: bakelite HIS 6000 35 6 mm 0,05
Supplied complete with wood screws HAR 2645 grey 8 mm 0,05
HAR 2646 copper 8 mm 0,05

HIS for flat conductors;
HAR for round conductors
58
C H A P TE R
ANGLE BRACKETS
Fixing: flat or round conductors along a
Reference Spacing W. (kg)
metal sectional part
HPC 2773 12 mm max 0,05
Material: zinc-coated steel
SWIVELLING ANGLE BRACKET

Fixing of a round conductor on to an angle
with a max. thickness of 11 mm, enabling
PCP 2500 Galvanised support ø 8 0,140
the conductor to be routed either parallel
or perpendicular to the support.
Material: galvanised steel
GUTTER BRACKETS
Use: to inter connect gutters where they
Reference W. (kg)
are in contact with conductors
HPG 2679 0,09
Material: tin-plated steel
For round ø 8 mm conductors and 30 mm
wide strips
STAINLESS STEEL CL AMPS

Use: to clamp a conductor to a special part
Reference Tightening ø (mm) W. (kg)
Material: stainless steel HCI 2419 30 to 50 0,015
HCI 2420 40 to 70 0,020
HCI 2421 60 to 100 0,025
COIL OF STAINLESS STEEL TAPE

Use: to fix a conductor to a standard section
of ø > 100 mm using a crimping tool
HFP 2640 Stainless steel tape 10 x 0,7 (50 m) 2,0
Material: stainless steel HFP 2650 Stainless steel tape 20 x 0,7 (50 m) 4,0
HCP 2641 50 tightening clips 10 mm 0,2
HCP 2651 5 tightening clips 20 mm 0,05
PINCE 0001 Crimping tool 1,5
59
C H A P TE R
10 FL AT AND ROUND CONDUCTOR CONNECTIONS
COUPLING STRIPS
Use: for coupling or crossing two conductors The “multiple” model also enables crossings
without riveting. of round conductors. 1 2 3
The “standard” models accommodate The special strip model only accommodates
30 mm wide strips and rounds with ø 6 and flat strips.
8 mm. These can be equipped with different 4 5 6
types of fasteners.
7 8 9
BRP 2680 (1) Galvanised steel “standard” coupling 0,300
BRC 2780 (2) Copper “standard” coupling 0,210
BRC 2783 (3) Copper “standard” coupling for masonry 0,220
BRC 2784 (4) Copper “standard” coupling for cladding 0,220
BRC 2785 (5) Copper “standard” coupling for fibre-cement 0,220
BRX 3780 (6) Copper “multiple” coupling 0,300
BRH 2779 (7) Special copper coupling for strip 0,200
BRC 2781 (8) 30 x 2 and ø 8 mm line coupling 0,204
BRI 2779 (9) Special stainless steel coupling for strip 0,202
CONNECTORS FOR ROUND CONDUCTORS

Material: uncoated or tin-plated brass 3
Reference Designation ø tightening (mm) W. (Kg)

PRC 6000 Lug with offset base (1) 6 0,030
PRC 8000 Lug with offset base (1) 8 0,050
PRM 6000 Sleeve (2) 6 0,030

2
PRM 8000 Sleeve (2) 8 0,050
PRT 6000 Tee (3) 6 0,040 4

PRT 8000 Tee (3) 8 0,060 1
PRX 6000 Cross (4) 6 0,045
PRX 8000 Cross (4) 8 0,065
SCREW-IN COUPLINGS FOR ROUND CONDUCTORS

Material: die-cast brass or copper (HRC) The HCT 6080 crossing lug is drilled
for ø 11 mm
The HAR 2744 coupling is supplied with a
lug with a wood screw
Reference Designation ø tightening (mm) W. (Kg)

HRC 8010 Line coupling (1) 8 to 10 0,075
HCT 6080 Crossing lug (2) 6 to 8 0,075 1 2

HAR 2844 Tee coupling - line cross 8 0,080
HRC 6080 Multiple coupling 8 0,120
HRC 6180 Multiple coupling 6 0,050
60
C H A P TE R
11 LIGHTNING STROKE COUNTER
This counter is a standard down conductor Connection

fitting and records each passing lightning
The CCF 4045 counter is connected as a
stroke with a current in the range 0.4 kA to
standard fitting on the down conductor
150 kA.
above the test coupling and always at a
height of 2 m above ground level
(NF C 17-102)
Operation
The counter is available in two versions:
Mounted as a standard fitting on the down
conductor, this counter uses the current • Réf. CCF 4045: the counter is supplied
induced in a secondary circuit to activate an with a connector for 30 x 2 mm flat strip
electromechanical counter. It has been tested conductors
in High Voltage laboratories and in situ.
• Réf. CCJ 4008: the counter is supplied
with a connector for 30 x 2 mm flat strip
conductors and a standard test coupling
Characteristics
specially adapted to ø 10 mm conductors.
Minimum trip threshold: 0.4 kA (4/10 µs)
• For ø 8 or 10 mm round conductors,
Dimensions: 80 x 120 x 170 mm ref. HRC 8010 connectors (not supplied)
Weight: 1.570 kg should be used.
Protection level: IP 67
Service temperature: - 20°C to + 60°C Fixing
Connection terminals: tin-plated copper The CCF 4045 counter can be fixed:
ø 10 mm to a wall using M4 screws,
ECM conformity to a steel section using two 20 mm wide
steel clips
Use / monitoring
Lightning counter users should maintain a
register in which the initial counter display
is recorded along with the results of the
subsequent periodical measurements.
Reference Designation Weight (kg)

CCF 4045 Lightning stroke conductor with 2 flat conductor connectors 1,6
CCJ 4008 Combination lightning stroke conductor / test coupling 2,1
HRC 8010 Line coupling for round conductor 8 to 10 mm 0,15
61
62
C H A P TE R
12 EARTH COUPLING ACCESSORIES
INSTALL ATION
lead dowel
EARTH WITH INSPECTION EARTH PIT
down conductor
strip
hook
test
coupling
stainless steel
protecting flat
protecting
flat
30 x 2 strip
earth equipotential bar

connected to earth
building loop
6 to 9 m
RVH3073 earth pit
test coupling
duck's foot
45°
connector
45°
connection
lug
2 m earth rod
NB: the earth termination installation is covered by a red or orange warning grid
63
C H A P TE R
TEST COUPLING
Enables the disconnection of the conductors Guarantee perfect conductivity; low
for insulation and earthing measurements impedance
Material: die-cast brass Fixed by brackets with wood or metal

screws, etc.
No need to drill the conductors.
Marking to NF C 17- 100 and NF C 17-102
Accommodate ø 6 and 8 mm round
standards
conductors and 30 x 2 or 30 x 3 mm
flat conductors It is possible to customize your own logo
(min. qty: 100)
Reference Dimensions (mm) W. (kg)

JCH 2708 70 x 50 x 20 0,39
PROTECTING FL ATS AND TUBES

2 m galvanised steel flats or tubes to
protect the down conductors against
mechanical impact. Generally placed TPH 2705 Protecting flat for strip 1
between the test coupling and the HTP 2782 Clamp for TPH 2705 0,035
ground. TPH 2768 Protecting tube for round 1,2
Delivered complete with 2 clamps HTP 6827 Clamp for TPH 2768 0,045
(bracket, wood screw)
INSPECTION EARTH PIT

Used to house the test coupling at ground The RVH 3073 and RVH 3074 models are 3
level, the earth rod connections or earth equipped with a copper bar enabling the 2
interconnections interconnection of 3 conductors or
2 conductors and a test coupling.
Reference Material Dim. (mm) W. (kg)

RVH 3071 Cast iron ø ext. 190 (1) 2,4
RVH 3072 Yellow polyester concrete 350 x 250 (2) 13,00
RVH 3073 Yellow polyester concrete with bar 350 x 250 14,50
1
RVH 3074 Grey PVC 300 x 300 (3) 3,3
INTERCONNECTION BOX FOR EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING

These boxes are fixed to the bottom of the Delivered complete with wood screw
down conductor and enable easy, accessible brackets and earth identification labels.
interconnection and disconnection of the
2 lugs with offset bases (PRC 8000) are
lightning conductor earth and the building’s
supplied to enable the BLH 2709 to be
entrenched loop.
used with round conductors.
They are made of a galvanised steel cover
over a copper bar mounted on two insulators
BLH 2707 150 x 65 x 65 0,550
enabling the connection of 2 conductors.
BLH 2709 150 x 65 x 65 0,650
64
C H A P TE R
IDENTIFIC ATION PL ATES

Material: aluminium Used to mark conductors on their path or
at the interconnection points.
Back letters on yellow ground.
References Text Design Dimensions (mm)

PSH 2708 Lightning conductor earth Triangular 100 x 100 x 100
PSH 2709 Surge arrester earth Triangular 100 x 100 x 100
PSH 3701 Lightning conductor earth Circular Diameter 30
PSH 3702 Building earth Circular Diameter 30
PSH 3703 Tower earth Circular Diameter 30
EARTHING SELF
Device placed on the connection between
two earths to limit the risk of transmission Reference Dimensions (mm) W. (kg)
of a fault current from one to the other HSA 3073 200 x 100 x 70 1,2
Technical characteristics
Inductivity: 20 µH
d.c. resistance: 1,5 mΩ
Resonance frequency: 10 MHz
65
C H A P TE R
13 SURFACE EARTHING
DUCK’S FOOT CONNECTORS

Zinc-plated, die-cast brass parts enabling 1
the connection of three or four strands of
RPO 2840 (1) ø 85 - thickn. 30 0,80
tin-plated copper 30 x 2 mm conductor
strip
Variable strand angles
Perfect electrical conductivity and strong

tightening
EARTH GRIDS
Earth grids are made of solid red copper
Reference Dimensions (m) Thickness W. (kg)
with a mesh size of 115 x 40 mm
GMD 6692 0.66 x 0.92 3 mm 3,80
GMD 1020* 1.00 x 2.00 4 mm 8,40
TEREC
The addition of this product to the soil This conductive material combines several
used to fill in around an earth connection properties that dissipate electronic, electrical
considerably reduces the resistance value. fault current and lightning currents.
Packaged in 20 kg pail.
Reference Description (m) W. (kg)

HTS 4020 0,30 x 0,29 x 0,38 20
66
C H A P TE R
14 EARTHING WITH RODS
INSTALL ATION
EARTH WITH INSPECTION EARTH PIT

30 x 2 strip
CRH 4020 earth

rod clamp
earth rod
stainless steel clips
protecting flat
30 x 2 strip
0,5 m earth equipotential bar

0,5 m connected to entrenched
building loop
1 to 2 m
~3 m
RVH3073 earth pit
test coupling
earth rod
clamp
~3 m
2 m earth
rod
NB: the earth termination installation is covered by a red or orange warning grid
67
C H A P TE R
GALVANISED STEEL EARTH RODS*

Resistance welded tubes, hot-galvanised
Reference external ø (mm) L. (m) W. (kg)
on external and internal surfaces.
PVB 2110 21 1,00 1,25
Preformed pointed tips, reinforced for
PVB 2115 21 1,50 1,80
enhanced soil penetration
Resistant to impacts when driving in
Fitted with removable connection lug
SELF-EXTENSIBLE EARTH RODS*

High resistance steel tube either ø 20 mm The use of a reusable treated steel snap tool
hot-galvanised or ø 19 mm with 250 µ is compulsory to protect the rod head
electrolytically plated copper. when driving in.
One-piece point * Patented interlocking system without sleeve

(pullout strength: 3,500 to 6,000 kg)

PCA 1910 Steel copper rod ø 19 ; L. 1 m 2,1
HCM 0019 Conical sleeve of linkage for PCA 1910 0,17
PVB 2010 Galvanised steel rod ø 20 ; L. 1 m 2,4
BMA 0019 Manual snap tool ø 19 0,3
BMA 0020 Manual snap head ø 20 0,3
EARTH ROD CL AMPS

Material: die-cast brass The CRH 4020 clamp enables two strips to
cross 4
Movable on rods
1
2
2
Reference for rod ø (mm) Conductor cross-section (mm ) W. (kg)
CRA 0015 (1) 15 35 (ø 7) 0,06
CRA 0019 (2) 19 50 (ø 8) 0,09 3
CRA 0020 (3) 20 80 (ø 10) 0,10
CRH 4020 (4) 15 to 20 60 (30 x 2 strip) 0,15
CRH 3020 15 to 20 60 (30 x 2 strip) 0,20
* Other dimensions available on request
68
C H A P TE R
COPPERBOND RODS *
Steel core specially designed to give the rod Rods are designed to support manual
rigidity and flexibility: the outer envelope and mechanical driving into the ground.
has a constant thickness guaranteed along
Manual snap tools (BMA 0015 and BMA
the entire length of the rod: perfect
0019) should be used to drive in the
steel/copper contact.
standard rods. Strike heads (HFT 0015
High corrosion resistance in the ground and HTF 0019) screwed on to the sleeves
due to a 250 µ thickness of electrolytically should be used for the extendable rods.
plated copper.
The extendable rods are threaded at each
All models have chamfered base. end to enable connection by brass sleeve
The conical point is machined (neither couplings. These are designed to guarantee
heated nor stamped). the contact at the rod tip with the end of
the preceding rod.
Available in two versions, standard and
extendable.
Reference Designation L. (m) actual ø (mm) nominal ø (mm) W. (kg)

PCS 1520 Standard copperbond rod 2,10 14,5 - 2,67
PCS 1920 Standard copperbond rod 2,10 17,5 - 3,94
PCA 1515 Extendable copperbond rod 1,50 14,5 15,90 1,91
PCA 1915 Extendable copperbond rod 1,50 17,5 19,05 2,81
HMF 0015 Threaded sleeve coupling ø 15 mm - - - 0,10
HMF 0019 Threaded sleeve coupling ø 19 mm - - - 0,25
HTF 0015 Strike head ø 15 mm - - - 0,15
HTF 0019 Strike head ø 19 mm - - - 0,15
BMA 0015 Manual snap tool ø 15 mm - - - 0,35
BMA 0019 Manual snap tool ø 19 mm - - - 0,30
*other dimensions on request
STAINLESS STEEL RODS

Self-extendable Stainless steel rods are recommended for
these environments.
In some soils rich in chloride (coastal
areas, marshes, former salt lakes, etc.), Lug with 95 mm2 tightening capacity.
the use of steel or copper rods is
inadvisable.
Reference Designation L. (m) Diameter (mm) W. (kg)

PIA 1620 Stainless steel rod 2 16 3
PIA 1610 Stainless steel rod 1 16 1,45
CRI 3016 Terminal for round conductors - - 0,13
69
C H A P TE R
15 CONTROL AND MEA SUREMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR

EARTHING INSTALL ATIONS
DIGITAL EARTH TEST SET

Battery-powered and watertight the ACA On all installations requiring the qualification
6423 is a device that is easy to use and has of electrical or lightning conductor earths,
been designed for operation in the field. using traditional earth rod methods, the ACA
6423 measures the earth resistance.
Measurement characteristics
Measurement validated by self-diagnostics
Measurement point capacity: 0 to 2000 points with three measurement ranges:
Measurement range Resolution Measured current Precision

0,00.to.19,99 Ω 0,01 Ω 10 mA ± 2%L ± 1 pt
20,00.to.199,9 Ω 0,1 Ω 1 mA ± 2%L ± 1pt
200,0.to.1999 Ω 1Ω 0,1 mA ± 2%L ± 3pt
Measurement frequency: 128 Hz

Off-load voltage: 42 V crest
Conditions of use: -10 to +55°C / 20 to 90% HR
Response time: 4 to 8 s depending on measurement conditions
Other characteristics Conformity with standards

Powered by 8 R6 1.V alkaline batteries Electrical safety: backed-up apparatus
Constantly monitored battery operation insulation, compliant IEC 1010
for 1,800 measurements of 15 s Electromagnetic compatibility:
Device protected by HPC fuse EN 50081-1, EN 50082-1
Watertight case IP 54
Dimensions (L x w x h): 238 x 136 x 150 mm.
Weight: around 1,3 kg

ACA 6423 Digital earth test set 1,3
ACA 1824 Accessory set (3 leads + 2 rods) 4,4
DIGITAL EARTH AND RESISTIVIT Y TEST SET

All the characteristics of the ACA 6425 are can be used to measure the resistivity and
identical to the ACA 6423, but 4 terminals earth coupling.

ACA 6425 Digital earth and resistivity test set 1,3
ACA 1825 Accessory set (4 leads + 4 rods) 6,0
70
C H A P TE R

HIGH FREQENC Y GROUND TEST SET AC A 9500

The High Frequency ground test set ACA 9500 This new product is improved thanks to his
is a self powered and easily carried impedan- injected voltage which is superior than the
ce analyser that measure automatically the R other similar product. Consequently, measure
( resistance), Z (impedance) and X (Imaginary are possible and more precise in high resisti-
impedance) of a ground system or a ground vity ground. The measure is possible even
loop on a bandwidth from 10 Hz to 1 MHz. with parasite tension or important earth cur-
rent because of the synchronised demodula-
This test set permits to improve the present
tion used in the ACA 9500.
measurement standards by introducing the
frequency response to a discharge current
impulse. The spectral energy of a lightning
Accessories case including
stroke current can reach 1 MHz, so it is impor-
Cables and resistor measure
tant to know the capability of a ground sys-
2 stakes
tem to leak off the current these frequencies
for better protection of the equipment Sledge hammer
connected to it. Power pack 90 to 240V-AC / 12,6 volts
1 software floppy PC/ACA 9500
Derived from the WENNER and SCHLUMBER-
1 RS232 cable( PC/ACA 9500)
GER methods the ACA 9500 applies a sinusoi-
dal voltage between the ground system ( to 1 RS232 – USB adapter
be measured) and an injection stake via a 1 user and presentation manual
resistor to measure the current, an auxiliary
stake permits to measure the voltage. It is
the frequency application of the Ohm law.
Technical characteristics
Frequency range: 10 Hz to 1 MHz
Measure points capacity: 20 points in logarythm dispersion
Resistance and impedance capability: 0 to 999Ω (maximum error 2%)
Injected voltage: 8 volts peak to peak
Measure cables length: Possible injection up to 24 meters from the ground system
Temperature range: 0 to + 40°C
Memory capacity: 40 last measures automatically stored on Flash memories
Sweep time: Around 5 minutes for 20 points
Transfer between PC and ACA 9500

USB Link adapter, RS232
Power supply: Internal battery with external AC charger
Autonomy: 8 hours of use
Dimensions / weight: 270 x 245 x 170 mm / 3.5Kg
General protection: IP 65 open, IP 67 closed
71
C H A P TE R

PULSAR LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR TESTING KIT

The testing kit enables a contact with the
Reference Designation Length Weight
Pulsar tip, the tester being connected to the
8 m testing
bottom of the pole and to the down conductor.
PMH 0800 kit with 8m 6 kg
It tests the Pulsar electronics by activating the case
high-voltage generator.
GRIP FOR EARTH LOOP MEA SUREMENT

An active aspect of all electrical protection, Electrical characteristics
earthing is generally achieved by several
Conformity with EN 61010-2-032 standards
connections to the equipotential plane (on
the surface of the ground) forming a number Dual insulation, class 2
of loops.
150 V, cat. Ill, poll. degree 2
The grip is especially useful for measuring
Max. overvoltage: 100 A AC constant
the earths of meshed cages.
Measurement frequency: 2400 Hz
In addition to the traditional measurements
of continuity and earths, the earth grip offers Battery operation: with 9 V alkaline battery
the advantage of offering rapid and totally (Cd/Ni batteries supported):
safe inspection (the electrical installation 1,500 measurements x 30 s
remains constantly connected to the earth
even during testing). Reference Designation Weight (kg)
ACA 6410 Earth loop 1,3
measurement grip
General characteristics
Clamping diameter: 32 mm
Operating temperature: -10 to + 55°C
Storage temperature: -30 to + 70°C
Relative humidity: 0 to 75%
IP 30, in accordance with EN 60529

standard
Dimensions: 235 x 100 x 55 mm
Supplied in a carrying case with a

9 V battery and handbook.
72
C H A P TE R
ANTENNA MA ST ARRESTER
Use: temporary grounding of an antenna Characteristics
mast in the event of a lightning impact.
dynamic excitation: < 1800 V
In normal circumstances, the arrester
static excitation voltage: < 1100 V
insulates the antenna from the earth, but
also from the lightning protection system nominal discharge current: 25 kA
in the event of a lightning strike.
dimensions: 280 x 45 x 30 mm
The arrester can also be used to earth
metallic structures such as pylons, motor delivered complete with clamp for mast
chassis, roof equipment, etc... attachment

EAH 4005 Antenna mast arrester 0,400
EARTHING KIT
Use: earthing of screened coaxial cables. The maximum distance between two
These connections must be located close connections must be less than 30 m.
to the antenna and the foot of the tower,
Tested at 150 kA
at the entrance to the building.

HKT 0334 Earthing kit for 11 mm cable 0,250
HKT 2051 Connection strip 5 kits for coaxial 0,290
HKT 0333 Earthing kit for 9,5mm cable 0,200
CUT-OFF AND EQUIPOTENTIAL TERMINAL

BCH BCP
1 2
Cut-off terminal for earthing network. This cut-off terminal is specially designed
Supported current: 50 A for telecommunication towers.
Fixing: with dowels and screw-in bracket Fixing: by soldering or hoops on the tower
frame. Enables the disconnection of the
Supplied with 2 lugs for 28 to 75 mm
lightning conductor earth and the
cables
interconnection with the building and
tower earths.

BCP 2710 (1) Cut-off and equipotential terminal for pylons 0,9
BCH 2709 (2) Cut-off terminal 0,3
73
74
C H A P TE R
17 ROOF ORNAMENTS
Mounted on bronze roller (roosters, weathervanes, sockets)
For rod with 30 mm external ø (fits on to Hélita lightning conductor)
ROOSTER
Reference Designation Material L. (m) W. (kg)

HCG 2718 With ball Tin-plated copper 0,83 5,0
HCG 2694 With ball Copper 0,83 5,0
HCG 2720 Standard Tin-plated copper 0,57 4,3
HCG 2741 Standard Copper 0,57 4,3
WEATHERVANES
Reference Material L. (m) W. (kg)

HGF 2719 Tin-plated copper 0,60 1,50
HGF 2695 Copper 0,60 1,50
C ARDINAL POINTS

HPC 2116 Tin-plated copper 0,60 0,80
HPC 2865 Copper 0,60 0,80
SOCKETS
Use: to adapt roosters to Hélita lightning conductors

HFG 5800 Copper 0,43 1,50
75
C H A P TE R
18 PRELIMINARY LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY
YOUR CONTACT
Name: ....................................................................................................................................................................
Adress: ..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
Zip code: ............................................ City: ................................................... Country: ..............................................
Tel: .................................................... Fax: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . email: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NAME OF THE INSTALL ATION TO BE PROTECTED: ........................................................................
City: ................................................... Country: ..............................................
T YPE OF BUILDING: (use, type of product, stocked or manufactured) ........................................................................
Buiding completed Building under construction
roof
height building
building height
height
width width
length length
building height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . roof height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

length: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . building height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
width: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . length: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
width: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F
roof
height
E width
building
height
length
roof height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . length: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

building height: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . width: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
C H A P TE R
18 PRELIMINARY LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY
CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTURE metal wood concrete other ............................................................................
ROOF terrace slate tiles zinc everit aluminium other ..................
FACADE wood stone concrete bricks aluminium other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FLOOR COVERING TYPE coated concrete soil other .........................................................
INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS
Is there any ?
roof aerial number: ............................ height: .................................
metal elements number: ............................ type: ...................................
gas service pipe

electrical wires on the main wall
general earth value of the electric earthing: .................................... Ω
- connection (belting)
- connection with spike
RISK EVALUATION COEFFICIENTS (NF C17-102 Annex B)
Relative structure location Structure coefficcient

structure located within a space containing structures ROOF :
or trees of the same height or taller metal common flammable
or
structure surrounded by smaller structures STRUCTURE :
or metal common flammable
isolated structure: no other structure
within a distance of 3 H
or
isolated structure on a hilltop or headland
STRUCTURE CONTENTS STRUCTURE OCCUPANC Y

no value and non-flammable unoccupied
or or
standard value or normally flammable normally occupied
or or
high value or particularly flammable difficult evacuation or risk of panic
or
exceptionnel value, or highly flammable,
explosive
LIGHTNING CONSEQUENCE
service continuity not required, and no consequences on the environment
or
service continuity required and no consequences on the environment
or
consequences on the environment
THANKS TO ATTACH DOCUMENTS USEFUL FOR THIS STUDY (drawings, pictures or sketch)
77
Surge arrester information sheet
POWER SUPPLY
Main distribution board
230 V single phase (2 wires) MCB rating : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
400 V three phase + neutral (4 wires) presence of RCD

set to ............ mA
400 V three phase (3 wires)
wiring of neutral TT
ground wire in the enclosure YES
TNS
NO
IT
cross section of the groundwire: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm2 TNC
type of equipment connected to the main distribution board: ...............................................................................................
industrial equipment without automate with automate
sensitive equipment, computer, medical equipment
presence of an UPS YES NO
Sub distribution boards (fill up one information sheet per distribution board)
230 V single phase (2 wires) cross section of the ground wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm2
400 V three phase (4 wires) MCB / switch rating .................................... A
400 V three phase (3 wires) this distribution board is connected to the equipment:
- ordinary
ground wire in the enclosure YES
- computer
NO
- medical or very sensitive power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W
- other
Telecom or datalines
number of outside lines: ................................... type of line : .................................................
number of fax lines: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . number of modems: ........................................
number of current loops: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . signal voltage: ............................................ V

signal current: .......................................... mA
signal frequency: ....................................... HZ
Protection of a coaxial cable by sparh gap or “quarter wave”

impedance: 50 Ohms 75 Ohms other: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
terminals: N BNC 7/16 F TNC TV other: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
application: reception emission power: ..........................................W
frequency: ..................... MHz or bandwidth: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz à . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz
importance de la liaison : critical normal
78
Member of ABB Group
22, rue du 8 Mai 1945 · 95340 Persan · France

Imprimerie BRAILLY - Réf. 15176 - 09/2005
Tel: +33 (0)1 30 28 60 50 · Fax: +33 (0)1 30 28 60 24
www.helita.net
www.helita.info
www.helita.biz

Direct Lightning Protection (HELITA) PDF

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Direct Lightning protection

Lightning conductors range

Member of ABB Group

8 Lightning capture devices 21

11 Earth termination systems 31

1 Pulsar early streamer emission lightning conductors 38

2 Simple rod lightning conductors 40

3 Stainless steel extension masts 42

7 Air terminals for meshed cages 52

9 Flat and round conductor fasteners 55

10 Flat and round conductor connections 60

11 Lightning stroke counter 61

12 Earth coupling accessories 63

14 Earthing with rods 67

15 Control and measurement instruments for earthing installations 70

18 Preliminary lightning protection study 76

1 LIGHTNING MECHANISM AND LOC ATION

MECHANISM OF A LIGHTNING STROKE

1 LIGHTNING MECHANISM AND LOC ATION

THE EFFECTS OF LIGHTNING

acoustic effects: caused by the propagation effects on a living being (human or

electrodynamic effects: these are the

ALTITUDE (m) Fig. 1: Timing diagram of a lightning stroke

Lightning causes two major types of accidents:

I- PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE

Protection systems French standards

Simple rod lightning conductors NF C 17-100

Meshed cages NF C 17-100

Stretched wires NF C 17-100

I-1 / Simple rod lightning conductors

a protecting flat to protect the down

an equipotential bonding between each

I-2 / Early streamer emission (ESE) lightning conductors

Triggering time of an ESE lightning conductor

The early streamer emission concept

An ESE lightning conductor is made up of:

an ESE lightning conductor and its extension

one or two down conductors,

a connecting link or test coupling for each

a protecting flat to protect the down

an earth designed to dissipate the lightning

an equipotential bonding between each

I-3 / Meshed cages

I-4 / Stretched wires

A stretched wire installation requires a

II- PROTECTION AGAINST INDIRECT LIGHTNING STROKE EFFECTS

The use of surge arresters is recommended

III- EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING DEFECTS

3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY

lightning risk evaluation

protection level selection,

protection device definition.

LIGHTNING RISK EVALUATION

1 - Expected frequency Nd of direct lightning strikes on a structure

2 - Tolerable frequency Nc of lightning strikes to the structure

PROTECTION LEVEL SELECTION

If necessary, additional protection measures

0,90 < E < 0,95 Level 2 Level 2

0,80 < E < 0,90 Level 3 Level 2

0 < E < 0,80 Level 4 Level 3

3 LIGHTNING PROTECTION STUDY

PROTECTION DEVICE DEFINITION

4 PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF AN ESE LIGHTNING