LAB MANUALS

CHEMISTRY
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
1. Mg ribbon
Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide
2 Mg(s) + O2 → 2 MgO
Reaction: Direct Combination
2. CuCO3
Copper (II) Carbonate + Oxygen → Copper (I) Carbonate + Carbon Dioxide
CuCO3 + heat → CuO + CO2
Reaction: Decomposition
3. CuSO4
Copper Sulfate + Zinc → Copper + Zinc Sulfate
CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
CuSO4(aq) + Zn(s) → Cu(s) + ZnSO4 (aq)
Reaction: Single Replacement
4. Pb(NO3)2 and KI
Lead (II) Nitrate + Potassium Iodide → Lead (II) Iodide
Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI → PbI2 + 2 KNO3
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)
Reaction: Double Replacement

POST-LAB
1. In the reaction of Pb(NO3)2 and KI, identify the chemical formula of the precipitate
formed and the chemical formula of the other product of the reaction.
The chemical formula of the precipitate formed is PbI2, lead (II) iodide. On the
other hand, the chemical formula of the other product, potassium carbonate, of
the reaction is 2 KNO3.
2. In the CuCO3 reaction, explain the importance of placing a burning wooden splint in the
test tube during the experiment.
Placing a burning wooden splint in the test tube during the experiment is
important because it signifies the role of the heat in the decomposition of CuCO3.
 3. As a student observer, how did you determine the type of chemical reaction that
occurred during your experimentation? Cite one actual example done in this experiment
and explain.
As a student observer, determining the type of chemical reaction that occurred
during the experimentation is quite hard but as soon as you jot down the data and
observations, you’ll realize what reaction was performed. The changes within the
materials’ texture, color, and/or phase are one of the factors to determine the type
of chemical reaction. For instance, the single replacement of the bluish liquid
CuSO4 and solid Zn resulted to a colorless liquid of ZnSO4. According to my
research, due to the higher reactivity of Zn, it attracted SO4 resulting to the
change of color of the liquid and change in the phase of Cu to solid.
Source: http://chemistry.bd.psu.edu/jircitano/Ch19notes.pdf
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-chemical-reaction-of-zinc-and-
copper-II-sulfate

PHYSICS
1. Is the coefficient of friction a constant as the normal force varies, or is there any
apparent trend? If it is constant, what is its value?

2. Does the area of contact affect the motion of the wooden block? How do you know?

3. Is the equation directly above Figure I true at any speed? How about if the hanging mass
is speeding up as it falls?

4. Derive the relationship between the coefficient of kinetic friction and the angle of repose
by applying Newton’s laws of the free body diagram of Figure 2.
CHEMISTRY
1. What is the principle behind solubility?
The principle behind solubility, or the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent, is that
solubility depends on the substance’s polarity. This can be inferred with the results
shown during the experiment wherein water, a polar substance, can only dissolve
solutes that are predominantly polar like sodium chloride and urea. On the other hand,
hexane, a nonpolar substance, can only dissolve solutes that are predominantly
nonpolar like naphthalene.
2. What is the relationship between the melting point of the substance studied and the
intermolecular forces of attraction that it exhibits?

The relationship between the melting point of the substance and intermolecular forces of
attraction it exhibits is inversely proportional. With the results given during the
experiment, sodium chloride, having the lowest melting point of 800.7°C and ion-ion
forces, urea, having the second lowest melting point of 132-135°C and dipole-dipole
forces and hydrogen bonding, and naphthalene with the highest melting point of 79-81°C
and London dispersion forces, it can be inferred that the stronger the intermolecular
forces, the lower the melting point.

3. How does a compound conduct electricity? What is the relationship between conductivity
and intermolecular forces of attraction?
A compound can conduct electricity if electrons or ions can move around freely.
Whereas, it can be inferred from the recent experiment that the relationship between
conductivity and intermolecular forces of attraction is directly proportional. This is
because of the data gathered during the experiment wherein only sodium chloride and
tap water, which have ionic intermolecular forces, were able to conduct electricity with its
strong and weak electrolytes, respectively. Both sodium chloride and tap water (in which
its composition varies) contain ions that could move around freely, unlike the substances
of urea, naphthalene, and distilled water that showed no signs of conductivity and are
nonelectrolytes.