Experiment No.

Water Analysis: Solids

PAZ Jose Gabriel L,

ECE-1, A-16, Group No. 3

INTRODUCTION

Surface Waters are forms of water in which it contains impurities and particles dissolved
in it. It undergoes several treatments where the solids and impurities are removed in the
distribution lines. They analyze the specific impurity to identify what treatment it should
undergo. Several tests are used for the analysis of the solids and impurities. Dissolved solids
pertain to the soluble substances in a water sample like river and lakes. These are usually salting
that came from mineral deposits such as a limestone or a stalagmite. And the total of the salt
content in a sample is expressed in grams of dissolved salts per kilograms of water or ppt which
is called the salinity. Another type is the suspended solid, it s an insoluble type of substance kept
in a suspension that is filterable. When added together, it is now the total solids of the water
sample. Total solid is the sum of the dissolved and suspended solids in a given sample water in
our case it is a river water sample.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Chemicals

The water sample that procure is the 1 liter of river water near the Lyceum of the
Philippines University.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We performed the different step by step procedure needed to obtain the total dissolved
solids and below are the results:
A. Total dissolved Solids (TDS) Trial 1
 1. Mass of evaporating dish (beaker) (g) 64.89
2. Mass of water ample plus evaporating dish (beaker) (g) 89.50
3. Mass of water sample (g) 24.61
4. Mass of dried sample plus evaporating dish (g) 64.90
5. Mass of dissolved solids in 25- mL. aliquot of filtered sample (g) 0.01
Mass of dissolved solids per total mass of sample (g solids/kg sample,
6. ppt) 4.603 x 10-4
7. Total dissolved solids (TDS) or salinity (g solids/kg sample) 0.41
8. Average TDS of the sample -

B. Total Solids (TS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

1. Mass of evaporating dish (beaker) (g) 51.18
2. Mass of water sample plus evaporating dish (beaker) (g) 75.84
3. Mass of water sample (g) 24.66
4. Mass of dried sample (g) 51.2
5. Mass of total solids in 25-mL aliquot of unfiltered sample (g) 0.02
6. Mass of total solids per total mass of sample (g solids/g sample) 8.11 x 10-4
7. Total solids (TS, g solids/kg sample, ppt) 0.811
8. Average TS of the sample -
9. Total suspended solids (TSS, g solids/kg sample, ppt) 0.4047
10. Average TSS of the sample -

Laboratory Questions:
1. The collected water sample isn't filtered. Will this oversight result in the TDS (total
dissolved solids) value being reported too high or too low? Explain.

The TDS value reported will be too high b/c the mass of dried solids in the sample would
weigh more.

2. The evaporating dish wasn't properly cleaned of a volatile material before its mass was
determined. When the sample is heated to dryness the volatile material is removed.
Because of this technique error, will the reported TDS be too high, too low, or
unaffected? Explain.

The reported TDS will be too high b/c the reported mass of the evaporating dish was
higher, but the actual mass of the dish was lower, which increases the reported mass of
the TDS.

3. Some spattering of the sample onto the watch glass occurs near dryness. The chemist
does not return the spattered solids to the original sample and skips the first part of Part
of A3. will the reported TDS for the water sample be too high or too low? Explain.

The reported TDS of this sample will be too low. When the portion of the sample
splattered and was not returned, and the weight of the dried sample will than be effected.

4. The sample in the evaporating dish isn't heated to total dryness. How will this error in
technique affect the reported value for TDS -- too high, too low, or unaffected? Explain.

Exported value for TDS: Too high b/c the sample isn't dry, so the reported g solids is the
actual g solids + whatever mass of water is still left in the dish. Since g solid increases,
TDS increases.

5. As the sample cools, moisture from the atmosphere condenses on the outside of the
evaporating dish before the mass is measured. Will the presence of the condensed
moisture increase or decrease the reported TDS in the water sample? Explain.

The presence of condensed moisture will increase the TDS b/c of the extra mass of
condensed water in the evaporating dish when it's massed for g solids. Since g solids
increased due to the extra water in the dish, then TDS must increase.

6. The sample in the evaporating dish isn't heated to total dryness. As a result of this
technique error, will the reported value for total solids (TS) be too high, too low, or
unaffected? Explain.

The reported value for TS will be too high. TDS and TSS will both increase due to the
extra water in the beakers, so TS will increase because it's the sum of TDS and TSS.
7. Suppose the water sample has a relatively high percent of volatile solid material. How
would this have affected the reported mass of:
 a. dissolved solids -- too high, too low, or unaffected? Explain.

TDS will be unaffected

b. total solids -- too high, too low, or unaffected? Explain.

TS will be too high because of the presence of the volatile solid

c. suspended solids -- too high, too low, or unaffected? Explain.

TSS will be unaffected

8. When several drops of 0.010 M AgNO3 are added to a test sample, a white precipitate
form. What can you conclude from this observation? Explain

One can conclude from this observation that halides are present in the test

CONCLUSION

Overall, after obtaining all the necessary data and performing all calculations needed to
get the total dissolved solids and suspended solids, we arrived at a data of 0.41 ppt in dissolved
solids and .4047 ppt in suspended solids. It just goes the show that the water is unhealthy for the
community to drink but if it undergoes several processes in the distribution lines and determining
the kind of impurity. It will be purified thus it will be a safe drinking water for the whole
community around Intramuros