Activity Book de Science 6º Primariaa

Science, Geography and History
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Contents
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UNIT I CAN DO IT
can describe an ecosystem.

Ecosystems
can sequence a food chain.
can distinguish different parts of the body.
The body can describe the human brain.
Sexual can classify male and female genital organs.

characteristics 10 can describe the birth process and newborn babies.
can classify energy sources.
Energy 16 can describe qualities of light and sound.
Electricity can describe electricity and electric circuits.

and magnetism 20 can explain magnetism and magnetic fields.
can identify types of forces and motion.
Forces
25 can describe machines and their mechanisms.
The Solar can name the planets in the Solar System.

System 27 can describe eclipses.
Landscapes can identify the different landscapes of Spain.

of Spain 31 can talk about Spanish climates, flora and fauna
The population can talk about population density in Spain.
of Spain 34 can describe political organisations in Spain.
can identify physical features of Europe.
Europe 38 can talk about the European Union.
Prehistory and can classify different periods of Prehistory.

Antiquity 44 can talk about Pre-Roman and Roman times.
can sequence events in the Middle Ages.

The Middle Ages 47 can describe medieval society.
Spain after can talk about the importance of the Golden Age
1492 50 can sequence events in Spanish history.
can talk about the Civil War and the dictatorship.
The 201h century 53 can describe 20[h century culture in Spain.
PROJECT 1: 14 PROJECT 6: 42
PROJECT 5: 30 GLOSSARY: 58-63
Worksheet 1. Date Apply your knowledge
CLASSIFICATION
1 . Classify into flora, fauna and the environment.
soil pine trees blackbirds rabbits water

roses snakes rain grass spiders rocks
FLORA FAUNA ENVIRONMENT

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2 . Investigate.
What living things can you find in a pond? What is their environment like?
VOCABULARY
Match and write.
rivers coral reefs rainforests
a . are terrestrial ecosystems.
b . are marine ecosystems.
c . are freshwater ecosystems

j| Worksheet 2. Date Apply your knowledge
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
LIVING THINGS
1 .
Match and label.
secondary consumer producer tertiary consumer primary consumer
seaweed octopus
2 .
Number the elements in these food chains.
giraffe trees and shrubs
plankton shark shrimp small fish
VOCABULARY
Match.
competition A living thing lives in or on another living thing and harms the host.
parasitism Several species compete for the same things.
mutualism A living thing eats the parasites in or on another living thing,
which benefits both living things.
4
Worksheet 3. Date Read and learn
SOME ENDANGERED SPECIES
1 .
Match and label.
fishing gear dolphin hunting whale
2 . Read carefully.
Whales and dolphins: endangered species
Whales and dolphins belong to the family of marine mammals
called cetaceans. Cetaceans are warm-blooded mammals.
They play an important role in the environment.
Some species of whales and dolphins are endangered.
Pollution is degrading their habitat. Hunting is killing some of them,
and others die in collisions with ships. Fishing gear is also dangerous for
whales and dolphins because they can be trapped in it. If current trends continue,
some cetacean species will become extinct in the next few decades.
3 . Answer the questions.
a . Which family do whales and dolphins belong to?
b . Name three things which endanger whales and dolphins.
c . Why is fishing gear dangerous to whales and dolphins?
4 . Investigate.
Find information and pictures about three other endangered species.

THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
1 .
Match and label.
fixed joint
movable joint
gliding joint
2 . Complete the sentences.
a . The skeleton supports the
b .
It enables us to
c . It protects-
3 . Name the joints which we use.
a . Swimming:
b . Brushing our teeth:
c . Bending over to pick up a ball: __._
4 . Investigate.
What do we need to do to keep our bones healthy?
6
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
a . The muscular system enables the body to
b . It gives the body its
c . It protects
2 Match and label.

.
Extending arm movement Flexing arm movement
a . The biceps relaxes. The triceps contracts. The arm straightens.

b . The triceps relaxes. The biceps contracts. The arm bends.
3 . Investigate.
What are the names of some of the muscles we have in our legs?
VOCABULARY
Read the definitions. What is it?
a . It can be gliding, movable or fixed.
b . Strong elastic tissues which connect the bones of a joint.. _

c .
The flexible tissue which covers the ends of the bones.
d A tissue which connects muscles to bones.

.
Apply your knowledge
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1 Write true or false.

.
a . The brain has five parts.
b . The brain stem regulates internal organs.
c .
The cerebellum coordinates movements and maintains balance.
d .
The cerebrum controls reflex movements.-.-.
2 . Put this sequence of voluntary movements in the correct order.
a . Finally, the arm muscles contract and the person answers the telephone.
b . Next, nerves transmit this information to the brain.
c . After that, nerves transmit the command to the arm muscles.
d . 1 First, the ears receive information.
e . Then, the brain recognises the telephone call. It decides to answer the telephone.
3 . Look at the pictures. Are the arm movements reflex (R) or voluntary (V)?
Investigate and learn
BONES MUSCLES AND GLANDS
,
1 . Read the questions. Investigate and then answer.

(Only some of the information is in your book.)
a . How many bones do adult human beings have?

1 About 106.
.
2. About 206.
1
b .
Babies have more bones than adults.
1 True.
.
2 False
.
c .
What connects muscles to bones?
1 . Gliding joints. 2 Tendons

.
d . How many muscles do human beings have?

1 More than 700.
.
2. More than 600.
e . Muscles can be divided into two groups. What are they?

1 .
Reflex and involuntary. 2. Voluntary and involuntary.
f. Where are our deltoid muscles?
1 In our shoulders.
.
2 In our legs.
.
g . Which organ controls body temperature?

1 The heart.
.
2. The brain.
h . Which gland produces insulin?

1 . The pituitary gland. 2. The pancreas.
i . What is the name of the system responsible for growth and reproduction?
1 . The indoctrinate system. 2. The endocrine system.
j . Where is the parotid gland, one of the salivary glands?

1 In the face.
.
2. In the neck.
2 . Investigate.
If your salivary glands are swollen and you have a temperature or fever,
what illness may you have?
SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
Match.
a . These develop at puberty. 1. primary sexual characteristics
b . We have these when we are born. 2. secondary sexual characteristics
Complete these sentences about secondary sexual characteristics.
a .
Women have wider than men.
b . Women have higher than men
c . Men have more developed than women
d .
Men have more than women.
Investigate.
What hormones are responsible for the changes that occur during puberty?
Do emotional changes occur?
I Worksheet 9. Date__ _ _ _ __ Apply your knowledge
THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1 . Classify the male and female genital organs.
uterus testes vas deferens vulva seminal vesicles urethra labia

scrotum Fallopian tubes clitoris penis ovaries vagina prostate gland
FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS MALE GENITAL ORGANS
External
Internal
VOCABULARY
Read the definitions. What is it?

*
a . It is the place where the baby develops during pregnancy.
b . Sperm travels through this tube to the urethra.
c . They produce the eggs necessary for fertilisation.-
d . They produce the sperm cells.
e. It is a channel which goes from the uterus to the outside of the body.
f. It is a bag of skin which contains the testicles.
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Worksheet 10. Date_ Apply your knowled
FERTILISATION AND PREGNAN
1 . Find nine more words related to fertilisation and reproduction.
EGGHY LSUXP
TSORZABDEH
P I PLACENTA
EVSEWLFAZK
RECJ REAYYU
I (B A B Y) M 0 N G T
OWLUNBSTOE
DAT I GRCETR
YCORSYUREU
ANMPFOETUS
2 .
Underline the errors and correct the information.
a . One egg cell matures and passes through a Fallopian tube about every fifteen days.
b . If the egg cell is fertilised, it leaves the body through the vagina.
c . Men produce one sperm cell every day.
d . The embryo grows in the Fallopian tubes.
e . The placenta gives the embryo nutrients and hydrogen from the mother.
f
. Pregnancy normally lasts about ten months.
3 . Investigate.
When a healthy woman stops having periods, she goes though a stage called
12
NEWBORN BABIES
1 .
Read and answer.
a . The average weight of newborn babies is ...

1 3.2 kilos.
.
2 1.8 kilos.
.
b . The average length of newborn babies is ...

1 about 25 centimetres.
.
2 about 50 centimetres.
.
c .
Newborn babies have ...
1. good eyesight. 2. poor eyesight.
d .
Newborn babies have ...
1 . a poor sense of smell. 2. a good sense of smell.
2 . Read and check your answers.
Newborn babies
Newborn babies weigh approximately 3.2 kilos on average, and are about 50 centimetres long.
They have narrow shoulders and hips, and their arms and legs are relatively short.
Their heads are very large in proportion to their bodies. Some babies are born with a lot of hair,
while others may be nearly bald. All newborn babies have enlarged genitals, and male infants
have a very large scrotum.
Newborn babies cannot see very well. They can only focus on objects about 30 centimetres
in front of their face. This is sufficient for a baby to look at its mother,s face when it is
breastfeeding. Although newborn babies may spend a lot of time staring at objects around them,
they prefer to look at human faces. Newborn babies have a developed sense of smell.
In fact, newborn babies can recognise their mother by their sense of smell.
3 . Investigate.
Find out about:
'
a .
newborn babies hearing_
'
b .
newborn babies sense of touch.
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Project
INVESTIGATE EOOD CHAIN CONNECTIONS
1 . Look below at the food chain connections among living things from the grasslands.
2 . Add two more living things. Draw arrows to show their position in the food chain.
secondary
consumer
primary
consumer
producer
3 . Make a table. Include your examples. Look for more information.
Living thing Feeds on ...
14
Project 2
MEASURING YOUR PULSE WITH A DRINKING STRAW
1 . Measure (and watch!) your pulse by taking the following steps.
a . Find your pulse on the side of your neck

with two fingers.
b . Stick a piece of plasticine where the pulse
feels the strongest.
c . With the help of your partner, stick a straw
in the plasticine. Observe what happens.
d. Count how many times the straw moves
in one minute (or in 15 seconds and multiply
the result by 4). Record your pulse at rest
in the chart below.
e . Run in the same place for one minute.

Record your pulse again.
At rest After running for one minute
Number of pulses
per minute
2 . Observe your results and answer the questions.
a . What is your pulse at rest?
b . What happens to your pulse after running in place for one minute?
c . What can you conclude about the impact of physical activity on your pulse rate?
d . Explain the reason for an increase in your pulse rate after physical activities.
. Try to find your pulse on other parts of your body: wrists temples, even ankles!
,
Project
INVESTIGATE FOOD CHAIN CONNECTIONS
secondary
consumer
primary
consumer
producer
14
Project 2
1 .
Measure (and watch!) your pulse by taking the following steps.
with two fingers.
d . Count how many times the straw moves
in the chart below.

Number of pulses
per minute
2 . Observe your results and answer the questions.
,
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Project
INVESTIGATE FOOD CHAIN CONNECTIONS
secondary
consumer
primary
consumer
producer
14
Project 2
1 . Measure (and watch!) your pulse by taking the following steps.

with two fingers.
d . Count how many times the straw moves
in the chart below.

Number of pulses
per minute
2
. Observe your results and answer the questions.
,
g] Worksheet 12. Date_ _ Apply your knowledge
ENERG)
1 . Complete the sentences. Use the words below.
light music work food cars heat
a . Energy is the ability to do d . Energy moves our
b. gives our bodies energy. e . We use energy to play
c .
Energy from the Sun gives us
_
and_
2 . Classify the energy sources.
sunlight oil natural gas wind biomass

uranium water coal
Non-renewable energy1 sources

;
,
.
J
Renewable energy sources
---1
_ _ _ _ ______
3 . Investigate.
Compare the impact on the environment of using non-renewable and renewable energy sources
TYPES OF ENERGY
1 .
Match.
a . Electrical energy ... 1 . . is produced by things in motion.

b .
Light energy ... 2 . .. is found in uranium and plutonium .
c . Thermal energy... 3 . . is found in light.

d . Chemical energy .. 4 .
is released as heat.
e . Nuclear energy .. 5 . .. is produced by fossil fuels and biomass.

f . Mechanical energy... 6 . ... is produced by the flow of electric charge.
2
. Complete each sentence with the correct type of energy.
| light thermal electrical mechanical chemical wind

In a washing machine, electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy.
a . At a windmill,_ energy is converted into- energy.
b . In an electric cooker, energy is converted into energy.
c . In a taxi, _ energy is converted into-energy and into
_
energy.
d . In a light bulb, _energy is converted into_energy and
_ energy.
LIGHT
1. Write true or false.
a . Light travels at 20,000 km per second.
b . Light always travels in a straight line.
c . A shadow is formed when light meets an obstacle
d . A book is a translucent object.
e . A window is a transparent object.
2 . Circle the illustration which represents how we see things.
® o ® O © O
c c o
3 . What colour do these objects not absorb?
- 4
4 . Investigate.
Is light reflected or refracted when it hits a translucent object?
18
SOUND
1 .
Look at the diagram and read the text carefully.
How we hear
Our ears help us to hear and to keep our balance.

Each ear has three main parts: the outer ear,
the middle ear and the inner ear.
When something makes a noise it sends

,
vibrations or sound waves, through the air.

,
The outer ear collects these sound waves

and sends them into the ear canal.
Then the sound waves reach the middle ear.
Here they hit the eardrum which is a stretched
,
membrane, like the skin of a drum. The eardrum vibrates and makes
tiny bones in the middle ear vibrate too.
These vibrations travel into the inner ear and make a liquid in the cochlea move .
The nerves inside the cochlea turn the vibrations into messages which travel to the brain
through the auditory nerve. The brain interprets these vibrations as sound .
2 .
Circle the words in the text which you do not understand.
Look up the meanings in a dictionary and write them down.
3 .
Number the following steps in chronological order.
The brain interprets these vibrations as sound.
The sound waves reach the middle ear and hit the eardrum.
The outer ear collects the sound waves and sends them into the ear canal .
The cochlea sends messages to the brain through the auditory nerve .
The eardrum vibrates and makes tiny bones in the middle ear vibrate too .
These vibrations travel into the inner ear to the cochlea

.
4 . Investigate.
Ears are very delicate. How can we help to protect them?

ELECTRICITY
1 . Find ten words related to electricity.
c U R R E N T R S A
0 F A D L 0 B F U G
N E Q W V X U L B E
D W P Z T 0 L 0 M N
U W 1 B S P B W A E
C H A R G E 1 N K R
T F S W 1 T C H V A
0 R C C 1 R C U 1 T
R 0 S T A T 1 C 1 0
Q 1 N S U L A T 0 R
2
. Complete the sentences.
repel neutral negatively attract positively
a . If an object has more negative charges than positive charges, it is charged.

b . If an object has more positive charges than negative charges, it is charged.
c . If an object has the same number of positive and negative charges, it is
d . Objects with the same charges_ each other.
e . Objects with opposite charges- each other.
VOCABULARY >
Match.
a . The flow of electrical charges insulators
b . Electrical current flows easily through these materials electrical current
c . Electrical current does not flow easily through these materials a switch
d . The source of electricity in an electric circuit conductors
e .
It controls the flow of electrical current in an electric circuit a generator
20
MAGNETS AND MAGNETISM
1 .
Write true or false.
a . A magnet is an object that can attract all types of objects.
b . Magnets have two poles.-
c . Opposite magnetic poles repel each other.
d . To make an electromagnet, you only need a conducting wire.
e . Magnetic strips store information on credit cards.
2 . What type of magnets are used in the following objects?
electromagnet magnetic strip magnetic recording media
B
CORPORATE
B»5b 9l8bb0 0000C

08-08 THRU OS 0* n M
i FfiRAMDt' *orr
British Ra
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3 . Investigate.
a . What is a compass?
is
b What does it tell us about the Earth?
.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTIOI
AND DISTRIBUTIOI
1 . Number the pictures in order.
high-tension homes generator substation turbine

power
transmission lines
2 .
A B
®4 sW- \ E
1 - t«9 I
r
t
-
o II
.
|
. I
What does electricity produce in each case (heat, movement, light or sound)?
a . Lights on:_ d. Hairdryer:
b Electric razor:
.
e. Radiator:
c .
Radio:_
3 .
Think.
Think of three ways we can use less electricity and save energy.
Project 3
MAKE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Make a series circuit.
You will need the following:

1 5 volt battery
.
. 3 light bulb holders

. 3 light bulbs
4 wires
Make a parallel circuit.
You will need the following:

1 . 5 volt battery
3 light bulb holders
3 light bulbs
6 wires
Now answer the questions by experimenting with the circuits.

1 . What happens if you remove one of the light bulbs from the series circuit?
2 .
What happens if you remove one of the light bulbs from the parallel circuit?
3 . How is a string of lights for a Christmas tree connected in series or in parallel? Why?
,
MAKE YOUR OWN COMPASS
You need the following:
a needle a magnet tape a cork
Instructions.
1 . Magnetise the needle by stroking the magnet along the needle 10 or 20 times
in the same direction.
2 . Tape the needle to the top of the cork.
3 . Put the cork in a bowl of water and let it float. Observe what happens.
4 . Now give the needle a little spin, and then see where it stops.
5 . Congratulations! You have built your own compass.
1 . Explain what happened when you gave the needle a spin.
2 Why?
FORCES AND MOTION
1 .
Match and write.
magnetic force friction gravity electric force
a. This force slows or stops moving objects.
b . This force affects magnets and some metallic objects.
c . This force makes objects fall to the ground.
d . This force is found in objects with electrical charges.
2 . Look, decide and write. Which of the forces in Activity 1 is acting?
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3 .
Think and answer.
a . What force prevents us from floating into space?
b . What force is acting when a crane picks up heavy

iron objects?
c . What force is acting when the crane releases them?

MACHINES
1 .
One statement is false. Which one?
a . Machines save us physical effort.

b A television is a machine.
.
-
4*
c . Complex machines have many components.

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d .
A skateboard is not a machine.
e . Machines can convert one type of energy into another.

f
.
Simple machines have very few components.
2 . Which is the odd one out? Circle and explain.
a . bicycle computer screwdriver hammer
b . racing car bicycle plane gas heater
c . MP3 player lorry microwave oven washing machine
d .
kite wind farm hammer windmill
VOCABULARY
Match.
a . The outer part of a machine microchips
b . Wheels, axles, springs and chains casing

c . A group of operating parts mechanism
d . Electrical circuits with very small components operating parts

e .
The smallest circuits electronic circuits
26
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1 . Classify the planets.
Order: smallest to biggest Type of planet
1 .
Mercury_
terrestrial _
2 .
3 .
4 .
2 .
a. The Sun is an enormous yellow planet.
b .
The Sun rotates on its own invisible axis.
c . All the planets orbit the Sun.
d . Terrestrial planets are made up mainly of gases.
e .
Asteroids are natural satellites.
f. Comets are made up of ice, rock and dust.
3 . Investigate.
a . Why is the Sun bright?
b . Do all the planets have moons?

Worksheet 22. Date Apply your knowledgt
THE EARTH AND THE MOOfi
west sphere winter east ellipse night
a . An elongated circle is called an
b .
The Earth is a
c . When it is day in one half of the Earth, it is in the other.
d . The Sun always rises in the and sets in the
e . When it is summer in one hemisphere, it is in the other.
a . How long does it take the Earth to orbit the Sun?
b . How long does it take the Earth to rotate on its own axis?
c . How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth?
3 .
Think and answer.
Every four years there is a leap year and we add one day. Why?
VOCABULARY
Match.
new quarter
last phase
solar Moon
lunar eclipse
28
CONSTELLATIONS
1 . Read carefully.
Constellations
Constellations are imaginary patterns of stars. Some

of them were named over 6,000 years ago. There are
eighty-eight constellations. Their purpose is to help
us identify different stars. Identifying each individual
star is very difficult. Dividing the sky into constellations
makes it easier. For example, there are three bright
stars in a line in the constellation of Orion. They form
Orion's belt.
Farmers need to know when it is spring in order to

plant crops, and when it is autumn in order to harvest
them. However, there is not much difference between
the seasons in some countries. Since different
constellations are visible at different times of year,
they tell you what time of the year it is. For example,
Scorpio is only visible in the northern hemisphere
in the summer. Thousands of years ago, when farmers
saw certain constellations, they knew it was time
to plant or harvest their crops.
2. Complete the sentences.
a . Orion's belt can be identified by
b . Farmers plant many crops in the
c . Farmers harvest their crops in the
d . The constellation Scorpio can only be seen in the northern hemisphere in the
3. Investigate.
In Greek mythology, who was Orion?

YOUR WEIGHT ON OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES
Find out how much you would weigh on other celestial bodies.
Multiply your weight by the corresponding gravitation factor.
Work with a partner. Use a calculator.
Gravitation factor
Celestial body relative to Earth
Sun 27.9
Mercury 04 .
Venus 09 .
Moon 02 .
Mars 04 .
Jupiter 25 .
Saturn 09 .
Uranus 08 .
On the surface of ... I would weigh ... kilos
the Sun_ Mars _
Mercury_ Jupiter
Venus_ Saturn
the Moon_ Uranus
Compare your results.
Where would you weigh most?
Where would you weigh least?
30
LANDSCAPES OF SPAIN
Bay of Biscay
F R A N C E
.
O
Balearic
Islands
metres
2,000
1 000
.
500
200
Med
a Peak
A .
1 . Label the map.
a .
Label the Northern Plateau.
b .
Label the Southern Plateau.
c . Label the following mountain chains:

-
The Pyrenees - The Cantabrian Chain - The Iberian Chain - The Betic Chain
2 . Which rivers run through the two large depressions in Spain?

I Worksheet 25. Date Apply your knowledg
COASTS AND RIVER
1 .
Match. Then write sentences
a .
Cantabrian coast 1. generally high with cliffs
b .
Canary Islands coasts 2 .
high and rocky with some long beaches
c .
Andalusian coast 3 .
low and sandy
d Galician coast
.
4 . high and rocky with many estuaries
e .
Balearic Islands coasts 5 . high rocky and irregular
,
a . The Cantabrian mast is high and mr.kv with many estuaries.
b .
c .
d .
e .
2 Correct the information.

.
a .
Most rivers in Spain are short with large flows.
b . The Ebro and the Tagus are the shortest rivers.
c . The Ebro river basin is in the south-east of Spain.
d . The Guadalquivir river basin is in the north of Spain
3. Investigate.
a .
Find the names of four rivers in the Atlantic watershed
b .
Find the names of four rivers in the Mediterranean watershed.
c . Find the names of two rivers in the Cantabrian watershed.
32
CLIMATE, FLORA AND FAUNA
1 . Which type of climate - Atlantic, Mediterranean, subtropical or mountain - fits each animal
best? Decide and write your answers.
2 . Match the types of climate.
a .
Temperatures are miid all year round. 1 mountain climate
.
It mainly rains in winter.

b It is hot in summer and mild in winter.
.
2 Atlantic climate
.
It rains most in autumn.
c. Winters are very cold but summers are 3 Mediterranean continental climate
.
mild. It rains and snows a lot.
d The summers are hot and the winters are

. 4 . subtropical climate
cold. Rainfall is light.
e .
The summers are cool and the winters are 5.
Mediterranean typical climate
mild. Rainfall is abundant all year round.
3
. Investigate.
Find the English names of five types of trees.

I?l Worksheet 27. Date Apply your knowledg
THE POPULATION OF SPA!
1 . Complete the sentences with the correct number
a . The Spanish population was about
_
18 _
million in 1900.
b . Spain had over_
million inhabitants in 2006.
c . The Spanish population is growing older;
out of 100 people are over 65.
d . The population density in Spain is
_
inhabitants/km2.
2 .
a . In Spain the death rate is higher than the birth rate.

,
b . Many immigrants come to Spain to work or retire_
c .
There are more men than women in Spain.
d . Madrid and the Canary Islands have a high population density.
e . The population density in Spain is higher than in many other European countries.
3
.
Think and answer.
Why do most inhabitants live in cities or in the main tourist centres?
34
THE ECONOMY
1 . Find nine more words related to sectors of the economy or to industries.

- -
V)
(A G R 1 c U L T U R E)C
U R Y K F E P R C A B 0
T 0 U R 1 S M A L Q U N
0 W D A S F R D 0 0 M S
M 1 N T H U Y E P G 1 T
0 N C W 1 D A J 1 V N R
B T R A N S P 0 R T 1 U
1 H E P G N A S 1 M N C
L A N G 0 F 0 0 D B G T
E R D 0 S P E P X A R 1
P C H E M 1 C A L B Z 0
T L 0 Z A N S W E G Y N
2 . Classify the words from Activity 1 and add some more.
The primary sector The secondary sector The service sector
The automobile industry
VOCABULARY
Tick the correct answer ( ).
a . The active population refers to: 1. people with jobs

2. people of working age_
b . People who do not have jobs are: 1. employed_
2 . unemployed_
V _
y
Investigat
TERRITORIAL ORGANISATIOl
1 .
Read the questions. Look at page 38 of the Student Book and answer .
a . Which country borders Spain to the west?
b .
Which countries border Spain in the north?
c . What sea is to the east of Spain?
d Where are Ceuta and Melilla?

.
e . What separates Spain from Africa?
f. How many Autonomous Communities are there?
g .
What are Spanish Autonomous Communities divided into?
2 .
Write three more questions. Ask and answer with a partner
1 _
Worksheet 30. Date_ Apply your knowledge
POLITICAL ORGANISATION
a .
The_establishes
the form of government and basic institutions.
b ._
is the name
of the Spanish parliament.
c .
There are 350 deputies in the
d . The supervise different areas,
such as education, health and the economy.
e .
The are made up of judges.
f . The leads the government.
g . The are the members of the Senate.
2 .
Correct the wrong information.
a . The Spanish president is the Head of State.
b . The monarch is elected in general elections.
c .
The Constitution establishes economic social and political objectives.
,
d .
The monarch appoints the ministers.
e . The Courts of Justice are made up of deputies.
f . The Supreme Court decides if laws follow the Constitution.
3 . Investigate.
Find more European countries which have a constitutional monarchy.

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF EUROPE
peninsula islands plateau mountain chains Great European Plain
a . The Alps, the Balkans and the Urals are
b The Central Massif in France is a

.
c .
The extends from the Pyrenees to the Ural Mountains.
d . Iceland, Sardinia and Sicily are among the largest in Europe.
e .
The Scandinavian is the largest in Europe.
2 . Label the following seas and oceans on the map.
Baltic Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea Caspian Sea Black Sea
North Cape
ARCTIC
ICELAND
Norwegian
Sea V
Lake-
Utdoga
:andinavian
PENINSULA
Mounl Nevis
A1.343
a Highest peaks The British
Isles
IRELAND
GREAT
BRITAIN
St. Matthew
Point
CRIMEAN
PENINSULA
nlB\anc$fyer
The Balearic
iber7an Islands
Mount
Cape PENINSUL Tyrrhenian

Sao Vicente s! A Sardinl
Sea
PENINSULA
The Canary Sicily
Islands Ionian\< % Aegean,
,
Teide Sea Sea .-
( *3,718
Cape Matapan Crete
CYPRUS
MALTA
38
CLIMATE AND VEGETATION
1 . Use these words to label the photos.
rocks lichen arctic fox reindeer
2 . Read carefully.
The tundra
The tundra landscape is found near the North and South Poles. In Europe ,
it is found in northern Iceland and north-east Scandinavia. The tundra is an

area covered with low plants. Below a thin layer of tundra soil there is a,
permanently frozen layer of ground, called permafrost. During the short

summers, the top part of the soil thaws just long enough to allow small
plants and micro-organisms to grow and reproduce. The tundra landscape || D||[ H
is often covered with rocks. Lichens grow on the surface of these rocks.
They are composed of a fungus and an alga which live and grow together.
Life in the tundra is very difficult because of the cold and the snow. Animals
have to adapt in order to survive. Very few mammals live in the tundra. One
of the few truly arctic mammals, the arctic fox does not hibernate and can stand temperatures as
,
low as -50 degrees Celsius. Another tundra animal found in Europe is the reindeer. Grass and other
low tundra plants are its main food in summer but in winter reindeer feed mainly on lichens.
,
3 Write true or false.

.
a . The tundra landscape is found near the Equator.
b . Only small plants grow because part of the soil is permanently frozen
c .
Few mammals live in the tundra because it is too cold for them to survive.
39
I Worksheet 33. Date Apply your knowledge and investigate
POPULATION AND DIVERSITY
a . The most populated continents are and
b . Europe has a population of about million people
c . Most Europeans live in
d . The largest cities are and
e .
There are independent nations in Europe
f
. Immigrants come to Europe from and , for example
2. Match the countries and capital cities. Use an atlas or an encyclopaedia.
a .
Latvia
b . Germany 2 Athens
.
c .
France 3 Lisbon
.
d Sweden.
4 Bucharest
.
e .
Poland 5 Paris
.
f .
Greece 6 Warsaw
.
g Ukraine
.
7 Berlin
.
h Romania
.
8 . Riga
i .
Iceland 9 Stockholm
.
j . Portugal 10. Kiev
3 . Investigate.
Find information and pictures about one of the European capitals. Write a short report.
40
THE EUROPEAN UNION
1 .
What is it? Identify and write.
a . A confederation of countries in Europe_
b The initials used to refer to this confederation._

.
c . The name given to the countries in this confederation.
d . The official currency of most countries in this confederation.
e . The EU judicial institution_
f . An EU political institution_
a .
How many countries formed part of the Union when it was founded?
b .
What systems is the Union developing today? and
c .
Where are most of its institutions based?_,_and
d Name two of the main institutions:_and_

.
3 . Investigate.
a .
When did Spain become a member of the European Union?
b . What other country joined in the same year?_
c . How many member states were there when Spain became a member?
READING A MAP
Project 6
cn.
1 .
Look at the city map and follow the instructions .
a . Colour the map as follows:
red - fire station brown - City Hall blue - museums

purple - university grey - post office orange - hospital
yellow - schools green - Tilden Park pink - city library
b . Draw an X at these two intersections: Oak Ave and Park St.; Bear Valley St. and Spruce Ave .
.
c .
In red , draw the shortest street route from the primary school to the city library.
ABCDEFGH I J
1 Fire ( ity j
CO tf.) N
station k _
1 ibrary r
CD ..
"
-
2 °
CD
a
a:5
W Fe
55pruce A\ e '
.
1 i \ Til den
Art t : | .
in
s
3 University \Pa rk
Museum co
>\ -
| ' | ii .. .1
(D
4 Uni versity 'e .
-i -
1
-
t
.
1
-\ -
Post CD
<D
S City Science
5 CO r
Hall
Office ~ Museum
e
1 - >
e
1
c
t -
j =3
6 Oak Ave. (/) k-
03
-4
s
VI/
-[ Q _
TD
Primary O Secondary
7 Hospital $ School CD chool
o
:
i
_-
a . Which city buildings are located at A - 3 F - 7 and J - 5? ,
b .
Which buildings are located north of University Ave ? .
3
.
Now make a similar map of your school neighbourhood Work with a partner. .
Ask and answer questions.
42
Project 7
COUNTRIES AND FLAGS OF EUROPE
Look for information on the countries and flags of Europe .
1 . Complete the labels.

2 .
Draw the corresponding flags.
PREHISTORY
1 . Match the period with the pictures.
The Palaeolithic period The Metal Ages
SLjfc . V -. *
-
-
-V m
M :v|g |®3WP Sa
About a million years ago, Spain was inhabited by
or early human beings. Modern people appeared in Spain about 35,000 years ago.
They were
and moved from place to place. They lived in caves or huts.
VOCABULARY
Match. (Two of the words are in Activity 2!)
a . An early human being . nomads
b . People who move from place to place clan
c . A word to describe people who stay in the same place . tribe
d . A family group . hominid
e . A group which is larger than a family group sedentary
44
Worksheet 36. Date
PRE-ROMAN TIMES
1 .
Add the missing letters and find seven peoples who inhabited pre-Roman Spain.
a ._
RIANS d. _
CIANS
b .- TS e._KS
c ._ SIANS f._NIANS
The were traders from Asia .
They settled on the south coast. In 1100 B.C. they founded Gades (now Cadiz).
They became important trading partners of the Tartessians .
The settled on the Mediterranean coast.
They founded the cities of Denia and Ampurias.
The came from North Africa.
They also settled on the Mediterranean coast and founded the city of Cartagena.
a . Which people produced salt?
b .
Which people traded ceramic objects?
c . Which people traded cloth?
d . Which two peoples were expert metalworkers?

ROMAN BATHS
1 .
Guess the answers.
a . How often did Romans usually bathe?

1 . Every day. 2. Once a week.
b .
What did they wash with?
1 . Soap. 2. Olive oil.
2 . Read carefully and check your answers.
Roman baths
Bathing was one of the daily habits of Roman men of all classes and of many women too.
Romans started work at sunrise and finished around midday. In the early afternoon ,
men went to the baths and stayed for several hours of sport, bathing and entertainment.
When they first arrived at the baths Romans changed their clothes in the changing room
,
called the apodyterium and rubbed their bodies with olive oil. Then they went to exercise
in the large central courtyard, called the palaestra. They ran, played ball games, wrestled
or swam in a large outdoor pool. After exercise, the dirt and olive oil were scraped off their
bodies before the real bathing started. Accompanied by a slave carrying their towels,
a flask of olive oil and an instrument to scrape dirt off them bathers went through rooms
,
of different temperatures: the warm room or tepidarium, the hot room or caldarium
and the cold room or frigidarium.
After their baths there were many things for the Romans to do. They could have a massage,
,
talk with their friends, walk in the garden, visit the library, watch jugglers and acrobats,
listen to literary recitals or play board games.
3
. Answer the questions.
a . How long did the Romans spend at the baths?
b . What sports did the Romans play in the palaestra?
c .
What could the Romans do after their baths?
THE VISIGOTHS
1 Complete the sentences.

.
a .
The Vandals Alans and Suevi came from
,
b . The Visigoths were a tribe.
c .
The Visigothic kingdom was ruled by
d .
King Leovigild made the capital of the kingdom.
e . The last Visigothic king, Roderic, was defeated by the_
2 . Read carefully and answer the questions.
There were two classes in Visigothic society.

The rich nobles owned most of the land.
They also had all the political and military
power.
The largest class consisted of peasants.

A few of them had their own land.
However most of them worked for the
,
nobles who gave them food and a place

to live.
a .
How many classes were there in Visigothic society?
b . Which group of people was the richest and most powerful?
c . What did the peasants receive in exchange for their work?
3 . Investigate.
Find information about Visigothic jewelry and

design a piece.
AL ANDALUS
1 .
Match events and dates.
a . The Muslims invaded Visigothic Spain. 1212
b Al Andalus was established as an emirate.

.
929
c . Al Andalus became a caliphate. 756
d . The caliphate ended. 1492
e . The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa took place. 711
f
. The Catholic Monarchs conquered the Kingdom of Granada 1031
2 .
Circle the correct answer.
a . The capital of Al Andalus was ...

1 Cadiz.
.
2. Toledo. 3 Cordoba.
.
b . In Al Andalus, a caliph was ...

1 . a type of castle. 2. a small kingdom 3. the maximum political
and religious authority.
c . In Al Andalus, a taifa was
1 . a small kingdom. 2 . a type of tree. 3. an important Muslim.
d . Al Andalus society was formed by

1 Muslims and Jews.
.
2. Christians and Jews 3. Muslims, Christians
and Jews.
3 . Investigate.
Where is rice cultivated in Spain today?

1 Worksheet 40. Date Apply your knowledge
I THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
AND MEDIEVAL SOCIETY
1 . Investigate and label the map.

The Iberian Peninsula around 1200
Al Andalus
Kingdom of Navarre
Kingdom of Castile
Kingdom of Portugal
Crown of Aragon
Kingdom of Leon
a . Who were the poorest people in medieval society?
b . Who were the richest people?
c .
Who were devoted to religious and cultural activities?
3 . Are these buildings Romanesque or Gothic? Write

Worksheet 41. Date _ Apply your knowledge
THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
AND THESPANISH EMPIRE
Ferdinand II Isabella I Charles I Philip II
1 .
Write the correct monarchs.
wmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmpssmmammmr
I The Catholic Monarchs Charles I Philip II
a .
He was Isabella,s grandson_
b . They unified Spain. ___
c He won victories against the French and the Turks_

.
d .
During his reign, there were revolts in Spain_
e They financed Christopher Columbus" expedition.

.
VOCABULARY
Match.
a . A group of territories of greater extension than a kingdom revolt

b .
A journey or a voyage for a particular purpose victory
c . The period during which a monarch rules empire
d . A rebellion against authority . . reign
e .
A triumph . . expedition
V _
50
THE MONASTERY OF EL ESCORIAL
a .
Who was king of Spain in 1557?
b . Which country did Spain win a victory over in that year?
c .
Can you name two Golden Age painters?
2 .
Read carefully.
The Monastery of El Escorial

The Monastery of El Escorial was built to
commemorate the Spanish victory over the
French at the Battle of Saint Quentin on
August 10 1557. Philip II personally chose
,
the site of the monastery, which is located

about fifty kilometres north-west of Madrid
in the foothills of the Guadarrama Mountain
Chain. Construction took twenty-one years,
and for a long time after its completion the ,
Monastery of El Escorial was the largest building in the world The dimensions of the building
.
are huge in every respect. A simple example: there are twenty-four kilometres of corridors!
Besides a palace for Philip II the complex included a monastery, seminary, library, basilica,
,
school and the Royal Pantheon. With the exception of Philip V and Ferdinand VII ,
all Spanish monarchs who have reigned since the Monastery was built are buried there.
Important Italian painters were responsible for decorating the Monastery Consequently .
,
many paintings by Italian artists hang on its walls. Works by Spanish Golden Age painters ,
such as El Greco and Velazquez, also decorate the building.
3. Complete the phrases in column A with phrases from column B.
A B
a .
The Battle of San Quentin was fought 1 . with many Spanish and Italian paintings.
b . The Monastery of El Escorial is located 2 .
are buried in the Royal Pantheon.
c . It took twenty-one years 3 . against the French.
d .
Many Spanish monarchs 4 . about fifty kilometres from Madrid
e . The monastery was decorated 5 . to build the monastery.
Worksheet 43 Date_..... Apply your knowledge
THE 18'h AND 191h CENTURIES
Isabella I Alfonso XII
1 Circle the correct answer.

.
a . A dispute over the Spanish throne led to this war.

1 . The Spanish War of Independence 2. The Spanish War of Succession
b . He was the first Bourbon king of Spain.

1 . Charles II 2. Philip V
c . This Frenchman was king of Spain for a short time at the beginning of the 19th century.
1 . Napoleon Bonaparte 2. Joseph Bonaparte
d . Spain,s first modern constitution was written here.

1 Cadiz
.
2. Cuba
e .
In 1824 , this was the only Spanish colony in America which was not yet independent.
1 Cuba
.
2. Mexico
f . This person came to the throne in 1833.

1 Isabella II
.
2. Alfonso XII
g .
This group of people supported the Constitution and wanted limitations
to the monarch,s powers.
1 Conservatives
.
2. Liberals
h . The First Spanish Republic lasted this length of time.

1 . More than a year 2. Less than a year
52
SPAIN 1898-1931
Match each date with the historical event.
1898 . . The Second Republic was established.

1909 Primo de Rivera,s dictatorship came to an end.
1923 Intellectuals called for changes in Spanish society.
1930 . . There was a revolt in Barcelona.
1931 Primo de Rivera,s dictatorship started.
The Second Republic. Write true or false.
a . During the Second Republic, land was distributed among the landowners.
b . The first Statutes of Autonomy were declared during the Second Republic.
c . Men were given the right to vote_
d .
New state schools were built_
e . Everybody was in favour of the reforms_
Investigate.
Find information about these intellectuals.
Antonio Machado Pio Baroja Ramon del Valle-lnclan Miguel de Unamuno

j|j Worksheet 45. Date Apply your knowledge
THE CIVIL WAR AND
THE DICTATORSHIP
1 .
'
a .
In 1936 a coup d etat against
, the Republic was led by General Francisco Franco .
b . The Nationalists supported the Republic_ __
c .
The Republicans won the Civil War. _
d .
During the dictatorship General Franco controlled all the powers of State.
,
e . The dictatorship ended in 1960._
2 . Answer the questions about the dictatorship.
a .
How many political parties were there?
b . What types of liberties were restricted?
c .
What did many Spanish workers do?
d . When did the economy begin to grow?
3 . Investigate.
Interview somebody who lived under Franco's dictatorship Write a short report.
.
54
SPAIN IN THE 1960s
1 . Read carefully.
Spain in the 1960s

During the early years of Franco,s dictatorship, life was very hard.
Much of the population was poor and hungry, and too demoralized to oppose
the regime. In any case, repression was fierce. Those who had supported
the Republic were jailed or executed. Criticism of the government was
not permitted, and no religion except Catholicism was tolerated.
After twenty years of repression, the decade of the 1960s was a time
of social and economic change in Spain. There was massive migration
from rural areas to the cities and from Spain to other countries.
The Spanish economy became more prosperous, for various reasons.
Emigration led to a reduction in the unemployment rate, and emigrants sent money back to Spain.
The new tourist industry and foreign investment also contributed to economic growth.
By the end of the decade, 25% of Spanish families had a car, more and more homes had electrical
appliances, such as washing machines, and most Spanish homes had televisions. Television
and tourism brought greater access to information. Tourism also brought new ideas, customs
and ways of dressing. Young people especially rejected the traditionalism of the Franco regime.
Opposition to the dictatorship grew. Although the dictatorship only ended with Franco,s death
in 1975, most Spanish people were ready to support the transition to democracy.
a. What happened to Republican supporters in the early years of the dictatorship?
b . How did emigration help the Spanish economy?
c . How did tourism help to change Spanish attitudes?
3 Think.
.
Emigration had positive effects on the Spanish economy What do you think life was like
for the people who migrated to other European countries?
ROMAN LIFESTYLE Project 8
Investigate different aspects of Roman life and complete the diagram below.
Include some of the following words. Find out what they mean. Look for other words.
earring toga
bracelet stola
bath garum
herbs chariot race
Holidays and games:
Jewelry and hairstyles: Clothing:
Roman
lifestyle
Eating habits: The working day:
56
CASTLES AND PALACES
Project 9
Glue two photos here - one of a castle and one of a palace.

Then complete the cards.
harm extend
host fixed
marine flex
algae mutualism glide
bacteria parasitism hormone
benefit pollution involuntary
carbon dioxide primary joint

consumer
competition ligament
producer
decomposer movable
secondary
desert consumer muscle
ecosystem species muscular system
endanger tertiary nerve

consumer
environment nervous system
extinct neuron
fauna ovary
antagonistic
flora pancreas
bloodstream
food chain peripheral
brain stem
freshwater pituitary gland
cartilage
fungi reflex
cerebellum
global relax
warming cerebrum
skeleton
grassland contract
spinal cord
greenhouse endocrine
effect gland tendon
58
labour
absorb
lactation
amplitude
menstruation
biomass
ovary
teste
chemical
penis
thyroid gland
concave
period
voluntary
convex
pregnancy
echo
premature
prostate electrical
afterbirth
puberty electricity
amnion
reproductive system fan
belly button
scrotum
fossil fuel
Caesarean section
seminal vesicle
intensity
clitoris
sperm
light bulb
contraction
teste
dilation
mechanical energy
testicle
non-renewable
egg cells umbilical cord
opaque
embryo urethra
Fallopian tube pitch

uterus
fertilisation reflect
vagina
foetus vas deferens refract
genital organ vulva renewable
incubator zygote replenish

reverberation circuit combustion
engine
shadow component
complex
source conducting wire
distort
substance conductor
elastic
sunlight current_
electronic circuit
thermal
electromagnet
engine
tone
flow
force
translucent
generator
friction
transparent insulator
uranium_ gravity
magnetic field
increase
wave
magnetic strip
machine
white light
magnetism
magnetic force
neutral
mechanism
pole
non-elastic
repel
permanently
static electricity
pull-
substation
push
switch-
reduce
speed
artificial A
structure
attract _ casing
temporarily
charge change
I
nebula torrent
rise typical
set watershed
Solar System
sphere, spherical
spiral_
star
asteroid tilt
celestial body
comet
constellation
active population
decrease climate
ageing-
eclipse coast
automobile
ellipse. continental
Autonomous City
elliptical depression
Autonomous
galaxy island Community
gas giant lagoon birth rate
helium lake chemical
hemisphere landscape Congress of Deputies
hydrogen mountain chain constitution
irregular plateau construction
luminosity reservoir death rate
lunar phase river basin fishing

hereditary_ evergreen __ cave
industry_ member state _ Celt _
judge_ mountain_ Ceitiberian
livestock farming_ peninsula_ chieftain _
manufacturing_ physical feature_ circus_
mining_ polar.. clan
minister_ river.. clay pot
municipality_ steppe- empire -
population density_ taiga_ governor
province temperate Greek
Senate_ tundra_ Hispania
Supreme Court hominid
telecommunications 1
textile._ vjg berian -

tourism_
trade_ 'aW _
j -+*$ / 'VC-v
transport nomad
" 1
unemployed_ Phoenician
Rl port-
amphitheatre sedentary
aqueduct_ settlement
coastline- bridge _
Tartessian
deciduous- Carthaginian _
theatre_
52
thermal bath noble painting
tribe peasant royal factory
triumphal arch Reconquest
village_ Romanesque
Suevi
taifas architecture
university cinema
Al Andalus Vandal conflict
'
Alan Visigoth coup d etat
caliph, caliphate culture
Catholic Monarchs dictatorship
clergy industrial worker
crop absolute monarchy landowner
emirate architecture Nationalist
Germanic Bourbon reform
Gothic conservative Republican
instrument Golden Age sculpture
irrigation Habsburg society
kingdom liberal transition
Muslim literature
ISBN-13: 97 -294- 96
7 8 29
- 9611
Science!
Activity Book
Essential Science is a six-level course which Student's Book and CD Facts
teaches basic concepts of Science, Geography
Themes 14
and History through English.
Learning to learn pages 2
Content and language are carefully Citizenship sections 42

interwoven in Essential Science. Communicative functions 17
Curricular objectives for primary school 30
Diagrams and maps
constitute the scientific basis for each level.
Audio tracks 63
The carefully-graded Essential Science language
Core vocabulary 350
syllabus correlates with objectives
set out in the Cambridge Young Learners suite.
Activity Book Facts
Special Features
Themes 14
Ideal for limited contact hours .
1 can do it self-evaluation objectives 28
Dual objectives: content and language skills . 36
Applying knowledge worksheets
Clearly-written information pages . 10
Vocabulary activities
Full colour illustrations and diagrams .
Projects 9
Project work and tasks:'leaming through doing' .
Investigation tasks 6
Audio CD provides valuable support .
Extension: Read and learn 8
Learner autonomy activities .
Glossary terms 350
Essential for success

Resources
Richmond Picture Dictionary

Richmond Student's Dictionary
Web pages: www.richmondelt.com
www.indexnet.santillana.es
Richmond World Facts
Richmond
Santi liana PUBLISHING
www.indexnet.santillana.es www.richmondelt.com

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Science, Geography and History

can describe an ecosystem.

Sexual can classify male and female genital organs.

Electricity can describe electricity and electric circuits.

The Solar can name the planets in the Solar System.

Landscapes can identify the different landscapes of Spain.

Prehistory and can classify different periods of Prehistory.

can sequence events in the Middle Ages.

1 . Classify into flora, fauna and the environment.

soil pine trees blackbirds rabbits water

FLORA FAUNA ENVIRONMENT

Match and write.

rivers coral reefs rainforests

a . are terrestrial ecosystems.

b . are marine ecosystems.

c . are freshwater ecosystems

secondary consumer producer tertiary consumer primary consumer

giraffe trees and shrubs

plankton shark shrimp small fish

fishing gear dolphin hunting whale

3 . Answer the questions.

a . Which family do whales and dolphins belong to?

b . Name three things which endanger whales and dolphins.

c . Why is fishing gear dangerous to whales and dolphins?

Find information and pictures about three other endangered species.

2 . Complete the sentences.

a . The skeleton supports the

3 . Name the joints which we use.

b . Brushing our teeth:

c . Bending over to pick up a ball: __._

What do we need to do to keep our bones healthy?

1 . Complete the sentences.

a . The muscular system enables the body to

b . It gives the body its

2 Match and label.

Extending arm movement Flexing arm movement

a . The biceps relaxes. The triceps contracts. The arm straightens.

Read the definitions. What is it?

a . It can be gliding, movable or fixed.

b . Strong elastic tissues which connect the bones of a joint.. _

d A tissue which connects muscles to bones.

1 Write true or false.

a . The brain has five parts.

b . The brain stem regulates internal organs.

2 . Put this sequence of voluntary movements in the correct order.

b . Next, nerves transmit this information to the brain.

c . After that, nerves transmit the command to the arm muscles.

d . 1 First, the ears receive information.

1 . Read the questions. Investigate and then answer.

a . How many bones do adult human beings have?

1 . Gliding joints. 2 Tendons

d . How many muscles do human beings have?

e . Muscles can be divided into two groups. What are they?

f. Where are our deltoid muscles?

g . Which organ controls body temperature?

h . Which gland produces insulin?

j . Where is the parotid gland, one of the salivary glands?

a . These develop at puberty. 1. primary sexual characteristics

b . We have these when we are born. 2. secondary sexual characteristics

Complete these sentences about secondary sexual characteristics.

b . Women have higher than men

c . Men have more developed than women

1 . Classify the male and female genital organs.