PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS

Pre-engineered steel buildings (PEB) are a steel structures built over a structural concept of
primary members, secondary members, roof and wall sheeting connected to each other and
various other building components. These buildings can be provided with different structural and
non-structural additions such as skylights, wall lights, turbo vents, ridge ventilators, louvers, roof
monitors, doors & windows, trusses, mezzanine floors, fascia, canopies, crane systems, insulation
etc., based on the customer’s requirements. All the steel buildings are custom designed to be
lighter in weight and high in strength. Thus, steel building designs have become more flexible,
durable and adaptable over the last four decades which has made steel one of the preferred
materials for building construction.

Pre-engineered steel buildings consist of following components:

 Primary Members / Main Frames

 Secondary Members
 Roof & Wall Panels
 Crane System, Mezzanine System, Insulation, etc.
 Sandwich Panels

Main Frame Configuration

The various types of Main frame for the basic supporting component in the PEB systems;
main frames provide the vertical support for the whole building plus providing the lateral
stability for the building in its direction while lateral stability in the other direction is
usually achieved by a bracing system. The width of the building is defined as the out-to-
out dimensions of girts/eave struts and these extents define the side wall steel lines.
Eave height is the height measured from bottom of the column base plate to top of
the eave strut. Rigid frame members are tapered using built-up sections following the
shape of the bending moment diagram. Columns with fixed base are straight. Also the
interior columns are always maintained straight.

Main frame orientation

Building should be oriented in such a way that the length is greater than the width.
This will result in more number of lighter frames rather than less number of heavy
frames, this also will reduce the wind bracing forces results in lighter bracing systems.

Main frame types

There are Several types of main frames used in PEB buildings, The choice of the type
of main frame to be used is dependent on :-
1. Total width of the building.
2. The permitted spacing between columns in the transversal direction according to
customer requirements and the function of the building.
3. The existence of sub structure (RC or masonry)
4. The architectural requirements of the customer specially the shape of the gable.
5. The type of rain drainage (internal drainage availability).
6. Any customer special requirements.

Building type Primary framing system

depth built-up ―I section, with the large depths in areas of higher stress according to
the Bending Moment Diagram;
• Secondary structural members (roof purlins, eave struts and wall girts) which are
light weight cold-formed ―Z and ―C shaped members or open web steel joists;
• Roll formed profiled sheeting (roof and wall panels).

Frame Geometry
The program has the capability to handle different types of frame geometry as follows
Frames of different types viz. rigid frames, frames with multiple internal columns, single
slope frames, lean to frames etc.
Frames with varying spans, varying heights and varying slopes etc.
Frames with different types of supports viz. pinned supports, fixed supports, sinking
supports, supports with some degrees of freedom released.
Unsymmetrical frames with off centric, unequal modules, varying slopes etc.
User specified purlin and girt spacing and flange brace location.

Frame Loading
Frame design can handle different types of loadings as described below:

All the building dead loads due to sheeting, purlins, etc. and the self weight of the frame.
Imposed live load on the frame with tributary reductions as well.
Collateral load such as false ceiling, light fixtures, AC ducting loads, sprinkler systems and
many other suspended loads of similar nature.
Wind loads input such as basic wind speed or basic wind pressure that will be converted
to design wind pressure as per the building code specified by the user and shall be applied
to the different members of the building according to the coefficients mentioned in the
codes prescribed by the user.
Crane and non-crane loading can be specified by the user and the program has the
capability to handle these special loads and combine them with the other loads as
required.
Seismic loads corresponding to the different zone categories of various international
codes can also be defined and combined with other load cases as required. Temperature
loads can also be specified in the form of different differential temperature value on
centigrade and specifying the appropriate coefficient for the thermal expansion. Load
combinations with appropriate load factors can be specified by the user as desired.

Some of the factors that influence the choice of main framing include:
● Dimensions of the building: width, length, and height
● Roof slope
● Required column-free clear spans
● Occupancy of the building and acceptability of exposed steel columns
● Proposed roof and wall materials

Advantages of PEB
Following are some of the advantages Pre-engineered building structures:

a) Construction Time: Buildings are generally constructed in just 6 to 8 weeks after

approval of drawings. PEB will thus reduce total construction time of the project by at
least 40%. This allows faster occupancy and earlier realization of revenue. This is one of
the main advantages of using Pre-engineered building.
b) Lower Cost: Because of systems approach, considerable saving is achieved in design,
manufacturing and erection cost.
c) Flexibility of Expansion: As discussed earlier, these can be easily expanded in length by
adding additional bays. Also, expansion in width and height is possible by pre-designing
for future expansion.
d) Large Clear Spans: Buildings can be supplied to around 90m clear spans. This is one of
the most important advantages of PEB giving column free space.
e) Quality Control: Buildings are manufactured completely in the factory under controlled
conditions, and hence the quality can be assured.
f) Low Maintenance: PEB Buildings have high quality paint systems for cladding and steel
to suit ambient conditions at the site, which in turn gives long durability and low
maintenance coats.
g) Energy Efficient Roofing: Buildings are supplied with polyurethane insulated panels or
fiberglass blankets insulation to achieve required “U” values (overall heat transfer
coefficient).
h) Erection: Steel members are brought to site in CKD conditions, thereby avoiding cutting
and welding at site. As PEB sections are lighter in weight, the small members can be very
easily assembled, bolted and raised with the help of cranes. This allows very fast
construction and reduces wastage and labor requirement.
Applications of Pre-Engineered Buildings (PEB)

1. WAREHOUSES
2. FACTORIES
3. WORKSHOPS
4. OFFICES
5. GAS STATIONS
6. VEHICLE PARKING SHEDS
7. SHOWROOMS
8. AIRCRAFT HANGARS
9. METRO STATIONS
10. SCHOOLS
11. RECREATIONAL
12. INDOOR STADIUM ROOFS
13. OUTDOOR STADIUM CANOPIES
14. BRIDGES
15. RAILWAY PLATFORM SHELTERS
 CASE STUDY

NEOKRAFT, SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE, SECTOR 81, NOIDA

CONSTRUCTION BY BALARKA FABRICON PVT.LTD.
PURLIN
In steel construction, the term purlin typically refers to roof framing members that span
parallel to the building eave, and support the roof decking or sheeting. The purlins are in
turn supported by rafters or walls. Purlins are most commonly used in Metal Building
Systems, where Z-shapes are utilized in a manner that allows flexural continuity between
spans.
COLUMN
FLANGE BRACE
GIRT
A girt is a horizontal structural member in a framed wall. Girts provide lateral support to
the wall panel, primarily, to resist wind loads. The girt is commonly used as a stabilizing
element to the primary structure (e.g. column, post). Wall cladding fastened to the girt,
or a discrete bracing system which includes the girt, can provide shear resistance, in the
plane of the wall, along the length of the primary member. Since the girts are normally
fastened to, or near, the exterior flange of a column, stability braces may be installed at
a girt to resist rotation of the unsupported, inner flange of the primary member. Girts
are stabilized by (sag) rods/angles/straps and by the wall cladding. Stabilizing rods are
discrete brace members to prevent rotation of an unsupported flange of the girt. Sheet
metal wall panels are usually considered to provide lateral bracing to the connected,
typically exterior flange along the length of the girt.
BRACING
Cross bracing is a system utilized to reinforce building structures in which diagonal
supports intersect. Cross bracing can increase a building’s capability to withstand
seismic activity. Bracing is important in earthquake resistant buildings because it helps
keep a structure standing.
JOINERY OF BRACING
BAY AREA
GUTTER SPROUT
TURBO AIR VENTILATORS
It runs on wind and convective currents and helps to remove heat, smoke, obnoxious gases,
dust and fumes. Turbo Ventilator are economical to run, environment friendly, mechanically
strong, light in weight, noise free, leakage proof, maintenance free, weather and storm proof.
SHEETING AND BOLTS

CANOPY