Reproduction marks scheme 5-7 (2006-2007)

1. (a) (i) the nucleus of the egg and the accept ‘the sperm and the egg join’ 1 (L5)
nucleus of the sperm accept ‘a sperm fertilises an egg’
join or fuse ‘a sperm meets an egg’is insufficient
(ii) the oviduct or fallopian tube 1 (L5)
(iii) uterus accept womb 1 (L5)
(b) any one from 1 (L6)
· the egg cannot pass down the oviduct
· the sperm and egg cannot meet
· sperm cannot get through
do not accept ‘the egg cannot reach the
uterus’
(c) any one from 1 (L6)
· muscles contract
· contractions
[5]

2. (a) · a monthly 1 (L6)

· the uterus accept ‘uterus’ 1 (L6)
· an ovary accept ‘ovary’ 1 (L6)
· the middle 1 (L6)
(b) any two from 2 (L5)
· voice becomes deeper
· increase in facial hair
· increase in body hair
accept ‘voice breaks or changes’
accept ‘grows a beard’
accept ‘growth of pubic hair or hairy
chest
or hair in armpits’
· growth of penis
· growth of testes or testicles
· start to produce sperm
· growth spurt
accept ‘rapid growth’
do not accept ‘growth’ or ‘gets taller’
accept ‘development of more adult body
shape’ or a description of a more adult
body shape, such as ‘wider shoulders’
accept ‘sweats more’
[6]

greenwich literacy and numeracy centre 1

greenwich literacy and numeracy centre 2
3. (a) 35 to 40 weeks
(b) any one from
· it allows the foetus to move
· it protects or cushions the foetus
· it supports the foetus
(c) any three from
· taken in by mother’s lung
· diffusion into the mother’s blood
· transported in mother’s blood
· through the placenta
· through the umbilical cord
· in blood of foetus
· diffusion into the cells of the foetus
accept ‘35 and 40’ or ‘the last five weeks’ 1
1
accept ‘it allows the foetus to grow’
3
accept ‘breathed in’
accept ‘diffusion from the mother’s blood
to the baby’s blood’
accept ‘in baby’s blood’
accept ‘in the blood’ as an alternative to
either ‘transported in mother’s blood’ or ‘in
blood of foetus’, but not to both
[5]

4. (a) (i) any one from 1 (L6)

· it controls the activities of the sperm or cell
· it carries or passes on genetic information
accept ‘passes on information’
· it contains the genes accept ‘it contains chromosomes’
do not accept ‘it carries all the genetic
information of the baby’
· fertilisation
(ii) Both the adaptation and the reason are required for the mark.
any one from 1 (L7)
· streamlined or has a pointed head to help it swim or penetrate the egg
· it produces a chemical to help it penetrate the egg
· very little cytoplasm so it swims faster
(b) the best temperature for making sperm is lower than body temperature 1 (L7)
accept ‘a lower temperature is needed for
producing sperm’
accept ‘at higher temperatures sperm might
be defective’

greenwich literacy and numeracy centre 3

 (c) (i) in the testes or testis 1 (L7)
(ii) any one from 1 (L6)
· body hair or pubic hair or hairy armpits
do not accept ‘acne or spots’
· facial hair or beard
· breaking or lowering of the voice
· growth of the penis or testes
do not accept ‘the testes drop’
· body becomes more muscular
accept ‘shoulders broaden’ or ‘muscles
develop’
· sperm production begins
· growth spurt do not accept ‘grows taller’
(d) (i) any one from 1 (L7)
· to increase the chance of one reaching the egg or the oviduct
accept ‘to make sure an egg is fertilised’
· most sperm die before reaching the egg or oviduct
accept ‘most do not reach the egg’
‘most sperm die’ is insufficient
(ii) for respiration accept ‘for energy’ 1 (L7)
do not accept ‘for food’
for movement or for swimming 1 (L7)
accept ‘to reach the egg’
[8]

5. (a) (i) oviduct or fallopian tube 1 (L7)

(ii) cilia move in a wave or 1 (L7)
from side to side accept ‘they waft or carry it along’
accept ‘the hairs move it along’
accept ‘the hairs or cilia waft or move’
‘the hairs’ or ‘the cilia’ are insufficient
(b) (i) embryo: stage 3 accept ‘3’ 1 (L7)
foetus: stage 4 accept ‘4’
both answers are required for the mark
(ii) uterus accept ‘womb’ 1 (L6)

greenwich literacy and numeracy centre 4

 (c) (i) any two from 2 (L7)
· a reference to genes or accept for one mark ‘to be the same as someone
genetic material or else you need exactly the same genes’
DNA or chromosomes
· it has a different combination (of genes)
· it is made from an egg accept for two marks ‘it only has half the DNA or
and sperm chromosomes from each parent’
· (it gets genetic information)
from both parents
(ii) 1 (L7)
human characteristic inherited and affected
inherited only by environmental
conditions
eye colour
skin colour
weight
all three ticks are required for the mark
if there is more than one tick in any row,
award no mark
[7]

greenwich literacy and numeracy centre 5