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Volume One
A Translation of
popularly known as
Arabic Tutor – Volume One
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Arabic Tutor – Volume One
email al_inaam@yahoo.com
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Arabic Tutor – Volume One
!" # # $% &
' ()
*%+ ,- ./0 120 3 4/5
!6)- "0
78 9: 2) ;0
• because I am an Arab,
• the Qur’ān is in Arabic and
• the language of the people of Jannah is Arabic.”
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Arabic Tutor – Volume One
Contents
Transliteration........................................................................10
Introduction............................................................................13
Reviews of this Book .............................................................17
Indications ..............................................................................25
Notes........................................................................................25
Request....................................................................................26
Translator's Note ...................................................................26
Terminology ...........................................................................28
Terminology ...........................................................................28
Lesson 1.......................................................................................31
Words and the Types of Words...........................................31
The Types of Nouns ..........................................................32
The Types of Definite Nouns...........................................33
Lesson 2.......................................................................................35
The Particles of (<=) and (>?%).......................................35
Vocabulary List No. 1 .......................................................38
Exercise No. 1.....................................................................40
Test No. 1 ............................................................................42
Lesson 3.......................................................................................44
Compounds ............................................................................44
The Adjectival Phrase .......................................................45
Vocabulary List No. 2 .......................................................47
Exercise No. 2.....................................................................49
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Arabic Tutor – Volume One
Lesson 4.......................................................................................50
Gender.....................................................................................50
Vocabulary List No. 3 .......................................................52
Exercise No. 3.....................................................................53
Lesson 5.......................................................................................55
Singular and Plural ...............................................................55
Vocabulary List No. 4 .......................................................59
Exercise No. 4.....................................................................61
Test No. 2 ............................................................................62
Lesson 6.......................................................................................64
Sentences with a Noun -*@A *$+ ....................................64
Vocabulary List No. 5 .......................................................69
The Nominative Detached Pronouns .............................71
Exercise No. 5.....................................................................73
Lesson 7.......................................................................................77
The Genitive of Possession...................................................77
Vocabulary List No. 6 .......................................................80
Exercise No. 6.....................................................................84
Test No. 3 ............................................................................86
Lesson 8.......................................................................................88
The Scales of Words ..............................................................88
Exercise No. 7.....................................................................93
Lesson 9.......................................................................................94
The Broken Plural..................................................................94
Vocabulary List No. 7 .....................................................101
Exercise No. 8...................................................................103
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Transliteration
ā
B t
4 th
C j
D h
E kh
d
F dh
r
G z
( s
H sh
I s
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Arabic Tutor – Volume One
J d
K t
L z
MN á
ON í
PN ú
Q gh
R f
S q
T k
. m
n
0 ū
; h
U ī, y
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Introduction
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Arabic Tutor – Volume One
^_= `=
[\ ]F
All thanks are due to Allāh that this book was found to
be extremely beneficial wherever it was read or taught.
Many seekers of Arabic have written that they had lost
hope after several attempts. If they had not obtained this
book, they would not have learnt Arabic.
This is the first part of the book. The lessons have been
decreased when compared to the previous editions.
However, the exercises have been increased to an extent
that they can serve the place of an Arabic reader.
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Arabic Tutor – Volume One
The key to each part has also been published. Due to this,
many learners have learnt Arabic on their own.
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The books of Punjab and U.P. and the book ‘Kalāme Àrabī’ of
Meerut are non-entities in front of your book.
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Many books have been written till now in the modern trend
in order to simplify Arabic. I have seen practically all of
them. However, the manner in which Moulanā Àbdus
Sattār Khān has simplified a complex language such as
Arabic cannot be found anywhere.
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Indications
Notes
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Request
Translator's Note
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Terminology
Terms Meanings
*bMM the diacritical points namely fathah
(cd), kasrah (Od) and dammah (ed).
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<j=Ojmf
t mMP
R the noun having ( )
.u/O
YOM0 singular
*MO%r5M dual
wj$Mv plural
jh{MdM
Rj0PP (), (0) and (U)
*uOr
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P j0PPgrb
R the letters besides the (* R0)
i*MgjOgm|
lM}j$M, One hamzah is that of the ( R0
{d). Another hamzah is an alif
that is mutaharrik (i~O~b) or an alif
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Lesson 1
meaning. It also does not have any tense, e.g. (PvM) – man,
he, (Mqb-) – I.
in, (bO) – till, (OYO{jM$r bO iPvm M9M,bF) – The man went to the
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musjid.
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Lesson 2
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the lām. If after the word (rPYj=MG = tYj=MG), the word (POMrb)
Note 3: The alif of (tjO), (*M%jO) and (tj"O) is also hamzatul wasl.
It is not pronounced when joined to the preceding word.
When (r b) is prefixed to (tjO) and (tj"O), the lām of the (r b) is
(PjOrb) is read as (Pj)Ob = PjOb) and (Pj"Orb) is read as ( = Pj"Ob
P
j Ob). This rule is overlooked in general conversation.
of (*$_ R0Z), the lām of the (r b) is assimilated into the
harf shamsī, that is, at the time of pronunciation, instead of
reading the lām, the harf shamsī is pronounced. No jazm is
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Word Meaning
MjqO man
tjM house
tj$M dates
tM$b fruit
O,Mv ignorant
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tOM learned
t}j)P bread
t(jM lesson
t9jqbF sin
j!P"M messenger
lbMG zakāh
jM" easy
jM: thing
lbM prayer
p^j!M' light
tOb oppressor
OM just
tO"b\ transgressor
tjO)b# ugly
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tM)b milk
p^M water
tMMq day
tYbM0 boy
O, cat
t.j!M= day
M0 and
j0b- or
Exercise No. 1
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0j b- tOM (5) tM)b M0 t}j)P (4) ilbm} M0 ilbm|b (3) PM$u5b (2) PjM)r (1)
(9) PM)u M0 PM$mf (8) P}j)PrM0 e^M$rb (7) PjO)b2r O0b PMMgrb (6) tO"b\
i OMrb (12) t
MfOM0 t(jM (11) P(MbVr M0 iMjqOrb (10) tOM M0 O,Mv
t(Mb\M0 M$Mv (13) POu O0b-
(1) a horse (2) a man (3) a man and a horse (4) bread and
water (5) a man and a fruit and a house (6) the salāh and the
learned man (7) the pious one and the transgressor (8) the
man or the horse (9) the milk and the bread (10) a man and
a horse (11) the ugly one and the beautiful one (12) a cat
and a boy (13) the moon and the sun (14) the camel or the
horse.
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Test No. 1
11. Join the word (M!P,) to the words (PYbM!rb), (tj"O) and (tjO) and
read them.
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12. When (r b) is added to the words (tj"O) and (tjO), how are
they read?
13. What is (=!%f !q)?
14. How is a word having tanwīn joined to a word having
(r b)?
15. What are the (*$_ R0Z) and the (*=$2 R0Z)?
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Lesson 3
Compounds
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(*V).
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Word Meaning
MfjP garden
tjgM sea
tjWO melon
tjO$M deep
j=OM bad
tDuVP apple
mP pomegranate
tNOM: street
tj|b# palace
MgM place
tYO{jM mosque
t]OM king
tj)Pv cheese
tbb# pen
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tjM0 rose
tYhMv good
t!rP sweet
tj=OM broad
tYjO_M strong
t<jOMq clean
twjO"M0 wide
tjOM great
tjOM small
PM$j- red
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Exercise No. 2
P jOm| PjM)rb (4) tjOM tj|b# (3) Pj=Ob?r i j!P"m (2) PjOMr e
b (1)
(9) tOM t]OM (8) P!rPgr Pj$mfb (7) t!rP tj$M (6) t<jOMq MfjP (5)
OPYm$MgP (12) P9huW iPvmb (11) t9hb jM: (10) POM$r PjgM)rb
(16) tjO)b# PvM (15) tjOM t9jqbF (14) tj!iVb
M (13) i j!P"m
P]OM$r M0 POm| iPvm (18) t!rP tj$M 0M tYhMv t}j)P (17) ij=Om Pj)P{rb
PM$jbyr PjM!rb (21) P!rPgr PjWO)rb (20) PM$j- tDuVP (19) Pj=Ob?r
(1) the strong place (2) the small house (3) a beautiful flower
(4) the ugly man (5) the broad street (6) a pious man (7) the
sweet milk (8) the just king (9) the great palace (10) the easy
lesson (11) a beautiful horse (12) a sweet fruit (13) the small
place (14) the good horse (15) the wide house (16) the good
bread or the good milk (17) a pious boy and a transgressing
boy (18) the large musjid and the small garden.
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Lesson 4
Gender
(2) (zmqM`P) – feminine, e.g. (tjO) – son is masculine and (*M%jO) –
daughter is feminine.
l
2. When a tā ta’nīth10 ( ) is appended to the end of a
(*M%jO). Similarly (tMM) changes to (*M%MM) and (t]OM - king)
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(t(j0P
M ) – bride; (tYj%O,) – a woman’s name, or India.
(b) the names of countries, e.g. (Pj|O) – Egypt, (P.m_b) –
tJjb- earth
t jM war
tj$M wine
tM house
tj=O wind
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tSj!P" market
tj$M: sun
tMq fire
trVMq soul
Word Meaning
lMYrM city
PjO?Mgrb wise
tYj=OYM: severe
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tSOM truthful
twOb rising
t Ob setting
*M[j=Ob\ obligatory
tjO|b# short
t9rb# heart
OM$rWP peaceful
lMYb#j`P ignited
tjMq river
Exercise No. 3
lMYj=OYM: tj=O (4) PjO?Mgrb i1ji2rb (3) *bj=O!b *bjb (2) i*m%OM$rWP$r PrVm%b (1)
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t Mq (8) *M$jOM tM (7) tj!iVb
M M0 *M)hb lMYrM (6) i OMr i*bVjOMrb (5)
(12) i*M%MMgr P(j0PMrb (11) i*b#Om| OPYj%O, (10) *MgOM *M%jO (9) lMYb#j!P
i*M$Ob\ (14) i*M[j=ObVr ilbm|b (13) P9OMr PM$b2r M0 i*MOuW Pj$m_b
POm_ i*b\Mb (17) *bj=O!b t
jM (16)
%jPgr i*M%jOrb (15) e^Mj,m}
i*MuMr OPYjO:M (18)
(1) a beautiful girl (2) the pious caliph (3) the wise man (4)
the obligatory zakāh (5) an obligatory salāh (6) a short night
(7) the big day (8) the good thing (9) the ugly bride (10) the
setting sun and the rising moon (11) the severe wind (12)
the long river (13) the long war (14) the short hand (15) the
peaceful heart (16) Muhammad, the pious (17) the very
learned Fātimah.
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Lesson 5
12 Although the author has referred the student to a future lesson, at this
point, it will be sufficient for him to remember that there are two forms of the
dual: one is with alif and nūn and the second with yā and nūn. Lesson 10 will
explain where to use which one.
13 w\ * – This will be discussed in Lesson 10.2.
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Note 2: To pronounce (O c_) and (Oj= c_), one can read the
fathah with the sound of an alif and say (O1) and (Oj=b). Such
signs will come frequently later on. Pronounce them in this
manner wherever one comes across them.
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cases are appended, e.g. (tOjP) – one Muslim, (bj!P$OjP) or
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Note 4: The (!q) that appears at the end of the (*MO%r5M) - dual
17 Since the word (j!Pq) is feminine in Arabic, the adjective also has to be
feminine, namely (*mOMjO).
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Word Meaning
jOrb future
jO'M$rb past
t.OM servant
tGm)M baker
18Intelligent beings are humans, angels and jinn. All other creations fall in the
category of unintelligent beings (oO#M Pjb).
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b/jMG displeased
tjM: month
b/jb lazy
t9ObA playing
twObA shining
tYOMfj{P diligent
tYm%MP supported
tOrP dark
tMP teacher
tjO%P bright
tm{Mq carpenter
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Exercise No. 4
(1) a shining eye (2) the two diligent men (3) the
preoccupied baker (4) the two tired carpenters (5) the bright
day (6) the beautiful seamstresses (7) the tired servants (8)
the lazy tailor (9) the flowing rivers (10) the large animals
(11) the current year (12) the past month (13) the past years
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Test No. 2
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20 21 22
MM tM)b t9M%O tj$M: tM$b#
bj!P%O" MvO OMfj%O tJjb- t
jM
twO\Mq tOM t!rP t.m=b- t9Pfi
23
*M=OMv *MO'M tm0MYP tjO%P
20 honey
21 milk
22 grapes
23 round
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Lesson 6
A (*@ *£) is one in which the first part is a noun ("), e.g.
(tMM tYj=MG) – Zaid is handsome.
A (*\ *£) is one in which the first part is a verb (\), e.g.
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and say (PMMgr OPYj=MG), both these will become adjectival
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4. Generally the (Yf)) and the (§) are in (w\ *)28 - the
nominative case.
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Examples:
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Word Meaning
j.b- or (in a question)
tb2M cow
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tYj=OYMv new
ŸOv very
lM: sheep
jO\ elephant
tO©b# standing
tj=OYb# old
t9rb dog
tOj`P believer
jMMq yes
tjM' thick
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PjgMq We
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Exercise No. 5
(4) tO©b# M!P, jMMq a tO©b# PYbM!r OM, (3) *MOMv i*M%jOrb (2) tO©b# PYbM!rb (1)
tGm)M M!P, a tGm)M j.b- tm{Mq iPvm bX
,b- (5) *MOMv MO, bA a *M$O©b# i*M%jOr OM,
jfPjqb rM, (7) tRj0PjM tOM: M!P, jMMq a tOM: i*b\Mbb- (6) om{M%O M!P, M
jMMq ª tBM$MP mP, rM, (8) bj!P$MP PjgMq rM MjOsMMO PjgMq M ª bj!imM
Mqb- M jO?b P<P"j!P= Mqb- ª i*Mu/Mr P<P"j!P= Mjqb-b- (9) tBMgOM tBM$MP mP,
OM, (11) lMYOfMj{P *M$MP MO, bA ª *Mqb/jb *M$MP P9M%j=MG rM, (10) o*Mu/MO
ª owb\Mq oM!MMgO Pb2M)r Mjbb- (12) *bVjOMq tBMM MO, jMMq ª *bVjOMq PBMMgr
uO (14) 4OM M!MM M9rb?r uO (13) ŸOv twb\Mq M!MM Pb2M)r bM
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uO (16) OMfMOMv 29OjMfMgOm| OjMb-jM$r uO (15) *MOMv b*MgOm| blb-jM$r
bj0PYOMfj{P 30OBM$MP$rM0 MjO$MP$r
P mYb (1)
OMgOm| OMYbM!rb (2)
O
Mjb PjM)rb (3)
*Mqb/jb (4)
Pm{m% OM, (5)
Mqb- (6)
M!P, jMMq (7)
M$P, (8)
b/jb OM, (9)
j.-b i*M%Or OM, (10)
O
P9rb?r Mjbb- (11)
29 See 5.2.
30 See 5.2.
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P rb?r M0
9 ilM_b (12)
t(OM bM (13)
i*bmMrM0 iKmMrb (14)
tjM' ijOVrb (15)
j.b- PYbM!r bX
,b- (16)
i*cb#Om| ilb-jM$rb (17)
tYOMfj{P uO (18)
OMfM%jOrb (19)
OMfMqb/jb uO (20)
tBMYOMfj{P uO (21)
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Lesson 7
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31 See 3.8.
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Word Meaning
tYM"b- lion
*MbO obedience
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*M$r?O wisdom
tYj$M praise
t9O,bF going
t(r-M head
tCj0MG husband
*Mvj0MG wife
p^M$M" sky
t9bb to seek
t9jO fragrance
O shadow
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tjgb meat
*b\MM fear
l1jO mirror
MjOq to forget
OMYOM0 parents
i*b\1 calamity
MjOq forgetfulness
OM just
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Exercise No. 6
*i MbO (5) O(MbVr iiFi- (4) OlM_ Pjgb (3) Ob2M)r PM)b (2) OjgM)r e^M (1)
(9) OjM)r M0 S O j! jO\ (8) Oj$m_ e^j!M' (7) O
PjM (6) Oj=MYOM!r
(13) O(j0PMrO (12) OrO$r M0 O^M$rO (11) O(MbVrb (10) OYO{jM$r bO
(16) OM)hb OlM_ Pjgb M0 Ob2M)r PM)b (15) trO OjgM)r e^M (14) oMqb- jM
bO bj!P)O,bF PjgMq (18) O(j0PMrO P9jWb (17) tj!P$jgM OYbM!r Pj"O
OOjP$r il1jO POjP$rb (20) hO"ji?r bM tOMv PMP$rb (19) O*M"MjYM$r
(23) iMjh% OrOr i*b\1 (22) Oj=MYOM!r OjP" jO\ h
m iMM" (21)
OJjbyr O\ O
«O b OMr bbWr uO (24) O
i*b\MM O*M$r?Ogr P(r-M
P9rb?r Mjb (26) o*M$OjP M0 oOjP i bM *M[j=Ob\ OrOr P9bb (25)
O j!P"M oYm$MgP Pj%O i*M$Ob\ (28) oYj=M}O i M$r Mjb (27) OYM"byrb
iFj!Pb- (29) ¬OMO OM%jO PjMPgrM0 PMMgrM0 a ¬OM i*Mvj0MG MO, O
OxO PYj$Ogrb (31) OjOm OM$jm O
OjO (30) OjOvm ObWjm_ MO O
O
ojM: i bM c
uO (33) P
OjM$rM0 PSOj_M$r OxO M0 (32) MjO$bMr h
M
. OJjbyr O\ M M0 OBM0M$m O\ M OxO uO bAb- (34) tj=OYb#
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Test No. 3
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pronouns?
(12) In the paradigm of the pronoun, which words are
similar?
(13) How do you pronounce the word (Mqb-)?
In grammar, a set of all the (especially inflected) forms of a word (e.g. write,
34
writes, wrote, writing, written), especially when used as a model for all other
words of the same type.
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Lesson 8
are root letters while in (tYOM), the alif and in (tj!P$jgM), the
If they have four root-letters, they are called (OMP), e.g.
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(MvjbVM").
those having extra letters as well are called (OjO\ tYj=O}M), e.g.
(tj)O) is (tmM{P Ob/i) – three root-letters without any extra
letters.
(t)b?M) is (OjO\
Yt j=O}M Ob/i) - three root-letters with extra letters
because the (B) and (
) are extra.
35 These are nouns that are derived from the verb, e.g. (Ob\) and ( j!PrVM) are
derived from the verb (bMb\).
36 Plural of (tMYj|M), the infinitive.
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word which will still remain (tmM{P). For example, the word
(PvM) is (tm{
M P). Therefore, (Ob/PvM) and ( MvO) will also be
(tmM{P).
However, (Mm)b) and (M.Mrb-) are (OjO\ tYj=O}M Ob/i). The former has
one extra (
) while the latter has an extra alif.
the word, the (N) represents the second radical of the word
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Examples:
the (ِ*M$Ob?r
e^b\), like the (S) of (tbb#), that which corresponds to
the (N) is called the (ِ*M$Ob?r PjM), like the ( ) of (tbb#) while the
tdbVdjdMv dMvjdbVdM"
dbdjdb\ dbdrdMdb\
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(N) and ( ) will take the place of the original letters while
the other extra letters will remain as they are in their places.
Examples:
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Exercise No. 7
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Lesson 9
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e^b/Or\b- (G)
This scale is generally used for the adjectives of intelligent
beings which are on the scale of (j Ob\) as in:
37 The original was (e^M)O)jb-). The reason why it has changed into (e^m)Ob-) will be
explained later.
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: iObVM ( )
This scale is specific with those words that are on the scale
of (MrVM), (OrVM) or (*bMrVM).
ijObVM (.)
This scale is used for those words that are on the scale of
( MrVO) or ( j!PrVM).
(tDMfrVO Pwj$Mv) PjObVM
(o
j!Pfr?M Pwj$Mv) P9jOb?M
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Word Meaning
tO"M scowling, frowning
tYj=OYM iron
tjM good
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tUM: tea
QOb\ empty
jO2mfP$rb pious
twjOWP obedient
lMO'Mq fresh
lMOMq looking
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twO\Mq beneficial
M.j!Mrb today
*M%j=OG beauty
Exercise No. 8
MvO (4) tMO PbAj0brb (3) i*O\m% P.j!iPrb (2) *bj=O!b t.b/r#b- (1)
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(8) *bjM" tSPi (7) i*M)jm| iKj0P_b (6) *M)jM P9Pfi?rb (5) bj!PgOM
(11) i*MjO"M!r iPYP$r MO, (10) i*MfOu5 PSj!i2Pgrb (9) lMmbWP t<PgP
(14) tBMmi- mP, (13) tBM$OjP p^MOq (12) OYj=OYMgr MO i M!W PDMhb
(16) bj!PjOWP OBM%M)rM0 MjO%M)r uO (15) bj!POMv PBM!MbyrM0 iM!jOrb
MO O^MM_ PjM (18) MjO)O©MO jP, M (17) M.j!Mr bj0PO'M e^MbV
M
b/O?r uO (20) *MObA i*MjOVm% PO,M!M{rb (19) MjO#Om| MjOgOm|
j,P (22) *MO\Mq i*M%MMgr i°OM!M$rb (21) OmY O
M bM *MOMv b*M"OMgr
MO bj!P$MP O*MOMr O(OMYM$r O\ (23) OM$jm PM)O PjgMqM0 OMjqOr PYjO)M
PSj!i2P (25) OUm_ OjOvM%bVO i*bObVr Pj=OM%m|b (24) OM)O?r O^M$bPr
uO (27) lM!rP PCObVM" OjOMM)r O\ (26) O^MOr#byr OSj!i2Pgb OMjO{r
M0 lMOMq MhM bO lMO'Mq oXOMj!M= t;j!PvP0 (28) oj!PPM0 oBm%Mv O\ MjO2mfP$r
PBMO#M)rM0 MjqY OlMMgr i*M%j=OG bj!P%M)rM0 i M$rb (29) lMO"M oXOMj!M= t;j!PvP0
. M]hM MYj%O tjM PBMgOm|
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Test No. 4
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Lesson 10
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39 If the noun is indefinite, the dammatain will be read on the word. However,
if the noun is definite, only one dammah will be read on it.
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Examples:
Example no. 1
Example no. 2
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Example no. 3
This is a (*\
*$Pv). The word (²)OM) indicates the condition
of the doer. Therefore it is (
!|%).
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Example:
The words, (tOM), (³/j=O!b) and (o OM) are adjectives and the
case of each one follows its preceding noun, namely (PvM),
The words (/
b O) and (MfrO) meaning ‘both’ will be read (jbO)
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The words (/
b O) and (MfrO) are used with a pronoun (>$').
The tens from (bj0Pj_O) – 20 – till (bj!PjO) – 90 - have the same
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The word (j!i0i- – people of) in (w\ *) and (jO0i-) in ( *
6+0 9|%) is like (´ X¢ w$+) - the sound masculine
plural.
Examples:
(O
M)rbyr !i0i- jP,) - They are people of intelligence.
40 If the word has (r b), only one dammah or kasrah will be read as is apparent
from the example.
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(PYOvMM).
Such nouns are called (R|% > "). In (w\ *), they
are pronounced with a (ed) and in (6+0 9|% *) with a
(cd), e.g.
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They will hence be read as they are in all three cases ( *
6+0 9|% 0 w\). Such nouns are called (j!P|r2M ").
Examples:
(
"j!P c^Mv), (
"j!P Pj=b-M), (
"j!P P.b/i M!P,).
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(o
M), etc. in (6+0 w\ *) and (²O'b#), (²OM) etc. in ( *
9|%).
vowels are static are called (O%j)M$rb)41. There are few nouns
41 Because it is incorrect to say (O%j)M), the term (O%j)M$rb) has been used. If one
deletes the (r b), the word becomes (oj)M).
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Word Meaning
t
m!M doorkeeper
M)Mv mountain
M$Mv camel
²)OM mounted
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*bOb\ distance
r5m$i guava
mP pomegranate
tm=M}P beautified
MYjM field
Exercise No. 9
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O M)r MYj%O tO©b# P
m!M)rb (3) bj0PO'M ilbXOb/mfb (2) tO'M iXjO$rhfb (1)
MO tj!P$jgM c^Mv (5) OM{MgrO ²)rb PYbM!r M
MM' (4) tOMv P9rb?rM0
O*b2j=OYO jO\ ²YM"b- tYOM Ub-M (6) Ol/m|O OYO{jM$r bO M9M,bFM0 O*M"MjYM$r
M9M,bFM0 PYM$jb- c^Mv (8) ²qmP tYOMM0
r5m$i
jgM= bbb- (7) OBMqM!MMgr
(10) OlMmm O\ oBM)OM jOj,O bO e^M%h M9M,bF (9) Ojb?OM' tYm$MgP
(11) OYjOr OlbM|O uM|P$r bO MjO)O,bF OBM$OjP$r M0 MjO$OjP$r Pj=b-M
tjMq OMYjM)r O\ (12) O*M,j}sP%b Oj|Mr MYjM OMfjP)r bO PBM%M)rM0 bj!P%M)r P9M,rXM=
c^Mv (14) O*m%M{r O\ O^Mh% ilMYhM" i*M$Ob\ (13) O*bjvhYO tRj0PjM oMv
O\ OjMOMv OjbOM OjMO'b# Pj=b-M (15) O(MbVr bM ²)OM OM oJb#
bj!iOM bj!P'b# jP, rM bA (17) ª bj!P$Ob bj!P'b# jP, rM, (16) OM!j=hY
Oj=MYbM!r b/O M9M,bF (19) jMOM$OO tRj0Pj M o M M)Mv OYj%Or O\ (18)
M$OjbO ²YjOM"M0 ³/jOM Pj=b-M (20) O*MOMr O*M"MjYM$r bO OjMfj%O)r MfrOM0
OM|jbyr O0iyO ³lMj)Ob M]bbF j O\ uO (21) OMYjM$r O\ OjM)ObA
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Lesson 11
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43 The dual of (t
b-) is (OM!Mb-), (Oj=M!Mb-) and the plural is (p^M1).
44 The dual of (tEb-) is (OM!Mb-), (Oj=M!Mb-) and the plural is (M!jO).
45 The dual of (t\b ) is (OM$b\), (OjM$b\) and the plural is (t;M!r\b-).
46 Besides these three words, there are another three words which follow the
same pattern. They are (tM), (tM,) and (j0iF). These six words are known as ( ^M@-
l§? *f").
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Note 1: The word (j0iF) meaning person, owner, etc. has the
same three forms. However, it is only related to a visible
noun (, ") and not to a pronoun.
Examples:
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Note 2: When the words (t b-), (tEb-) and (tb\) are related to the
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After alif, the (b?MfP U) must be read with a fathah and the
third person singular masculine pronoun must be read with
a dammah.
Examples: (U
M M|M) – my staff, (P;M|M ) – his staff, (MUMYM=) – my
two hands.
A pronoun can also be attached to the (l6v R0). Such a
pronoun is known as (R· |f¢ 0¶ >$[) – the
pronoun attached to a particle in the genitive case. The
paradigm of these pronouns will be as follows:
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Pb singular
Masculine
M$Pb dual
jPb plural
Mb singular
Feminine
M$Pb dual
mPb plural
M]b singular
Masculine
M$i?b dual
ji?b plural
O]b singular
Feminine
M$i?b dual
mi?b plural
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jO singular
In the same way, one can attach the particle (O ), (jO), (bM),
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except for the singular first person. The word (jO) can be
If there is a word with the definite article (r b) after (jP,) and
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read on the final letter, e.g. (PYj=MG M=) – O Zaid, (iPvM M=) – O
man.
If the ( M%P$rb) has ( ), the particle (M=b-) for masculine and
Word Meaning
or?M j!Pb- Bakr’s father, name of a
person
M.Mb- in front
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t<rM behind
t9M,bF gold
twOvM returning
tYjO:M rational
MYj%O by
MjgM life
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lM$M death
tO"M0 dirty
Exercise No. 10
MPfdm=b- O
PYj)M jO$j"O rM bA ª Oj=Ob?r PYj)M M]P$j"O rM, ! PYbM0 M= (1)
. ilMYhm
j!%PM PjgMq jOMYhM" M= jMMq ª oO:M, jO%M jO Mjqb- rM, O
MYj)M M= (2)
. oO:M,
. iFMfj"iyr M=b- jOMfO bX
, jMMq ª OM$jm MYj)M M= M]PMfO bX
, b- (3)
. M%PfjM rM jPPfjM bX
, Mjb bA ª M]O©b2b\P PjM bX
, rM, (4)
jOb- P
MfO M!P, bM ª M]jO b- P
MfO bX
, Mjb b- (5)
. OM!Mb- jO jUOFMfj"i- M= jMMq ª ijOM M= tEb- M]b rM, (6)
. ilMjOm| jOfji- MO, jMMq ª ilMjOm| M]Pfji- MO, rM, (7)
.OM$jm OYj)M j!Pb- M!P, bA ª oYm$MgP j!Pb- bX
, b- (8)
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. O*M"MjYM$r O\ tjO\M jO oYm$MgP j!Pb- jMMq ª oYm$MgP Mb- Mj=b-M b- (9)
. OjOb- P
MfO M!P, jMMq ª oYm$MgP jOb- P
MfO bX
, rM, (10)
. o M$vM M0 orO MM0bF P;Mfj%O jMMq ª oYOM jMfj%O Mj=b-M rM, (11)
. OMfbVjOMq MUMYM= jMMq ª OMfbVjOMq MTMYM= rM, (12)
. *MjOVMq jPPMO jMMq ª *MjOVMq ji?jO$MP P
MO rM, (13)
. O9M,uX MO *MM" jhi- MYj%O M0 jMMq ª o*[ m O\ i*MM" MTMYj%O rM, (14)
.PjOqMqM OjbO jOM0 PO,MM Pb bM jMMq ª PO,MM 47Pb M]jbM rM, (15)
bO OM)O,bF M$P, rM bA ª b*bj$M: bO PPfj%OM0 O]OM$r Pj M9M,bF rM, (16)
. M1MMYjM
. jPPOM O.j!b2r PYhM" (17)
. M%j"b- M0 MO (M%O$b\ jO\ j0b-) M%jO\ jO\ (18)
. UOYj%O, M%PqMO M0 OMM ji?PqMO (19)
. O
PYj)M PjO)b?r OOr?M jOb- PjO (20)
M0 MuM"M0 OjbM e
uM O
O j!P"M MjO M$P, PM$P M0 or?M j!Pb- (21)
. P;M%MfM OMM0 iM$r5P
. bj!PgOM P;M%jM0 OMMgr Ob- Mfj%O (22)
47 The phrase, (Pb M]jbM) means “You owe him,” while (Pb mbM) means “I owe him.”
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Test No. 5
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(13) How will the words (t
b-), (tEb-) and (tb\) be read in all
three cases when they are related, that is, they are
(R[) to a word other than the singular first person
particle (^Y%
R) is inserted before it?
(18) When pronouns are ( R[), what are they
called?
(19) Add a pronoun to the word (bM) and form its
paradigm.
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Lesson 12
Indicative Pronouns
( ! "#$%&' )
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(ji?M e
Pi?O
F) – That Allāh is your Lord.
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succeed the ( R[), e.g. (bX
, ji?PMfO) – this book of yours,
(bX
, O]OM$r PjO) – this son of the king.
brought first, and it is said, (ji?PMfO bX
,), the meaning will be,
‘This is your book.’ In this case, the word (ji?PMfO) is no more
the (OjbO tM_P) but will become the predicate. It will now be a
complete sentence.
the (l:8 ") and the (§). This pronoun will correspond
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bj!PgOrVP$r).
(b) If the predicate does not have ( ), a pronoun will not be
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Word Meaning
tjO fig
lMj$P redness
t9j=M doubt
M9j=M bA no doubt
jO2mfP$rb pious
t j!irWM aim
²YP, guidance
b b# he said
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M,jP proof
Exercise No. 11
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Test No. 6
(6) When the (l:8 ") is used without the (OjbO tM_P)
in a sentence, what are the ways in which it is used?
(7) What is the difference in meaning and analysis
between (bX
, ji?PMfO) and (ji?PMfO bX
,)?
(8) Is there any difference in meaning in the following
words: (mi?O
F M$i?O
F O]O
F ji?O
F M$i?O
F M]O
F)
(9) When does the (T) of (M]O
F) or (M]rO) change in the
above-mentioned manner. Explain with examples.
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Lesson 13
Interrogative Pronouns
( ()*+&, #-' )
Word Meaning
jM who
M what
bFM what
M¿j=b- what
M<jb how
Mj=b- where
fM when
M$O why
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bFM$O why
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M$O why
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M$jO\ in what
words, e.g. (oPvM Ub-) – which man, (O Mvh Ub-) – which of the
men, (ol-Mj i*m=b-) - which woman, (O^Mh% i*m=b-) which of the
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Word Meaning
tjb- matter, command
MjM between
tj)O ink
*mOP rupee
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UOj0PM' necessary
*MO\M comfort
M|M stick
tmb# powerful
tYOM0 one
Exercise No. 12
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. jUOYhM" M= O
PYj)M jO$j"O ª PYbM0 M= M]P$j" M (1
oYm$MgP Pj PYM$jb- PP$j"O ª O
MYj)M M= M]jOb- Pj" M (2
. b*u?M jO PjgMq ª jPfjqb- Mj=b- jO (3
. OYj%Or bO bj!P)O,bF PjgMq ª jPfjqb- bj!P)O,bF Mj=b- bO (4
. O*MO\MrO PjgMq O
PYj$Mgrb ª ji?iM M<jb (5
jUOYhM" M= obAj0b- i*Mj$M jO ª PYOM M= M]b ²YbM0 jb (6
lMO'M ²fj%O bj!Pj$M jUOYhM" M= ª O*M"MjYM$r O\ lMO'M ²fj%O jb (7
.O*M"MjYM$r O\ M.j!Mrb
. tYOM0 tEb-M0 OMfji- jO ª OBM!MybrM0 OM!jOr MO M]b jb (8
³*mOP Mj=Oj_OO ilMb2M)r O;OXM, ª i*M%jO$m ilMb2M)r O;OXM, jb?O (9
¬UOj0PM' ojbyO tOMv Mqb- ª M%PM, Mjqb- tOMv MO (10
. MUM|M MO, ª M"j!P M= M]O%jO$MO M]rO M (11
. O
OYj%O jO M!P, jbb# ª bX
, O]b mqb- b b# (12
. Omb2r OYOM!r OuO ª M.j!Mr P]rP$r OM$O (13
. t9j=Ob# O
Mj|Mq uO bAb- ª O
Pj|Mq
fM (14
(C) Answer these questions in Arabic using the words you
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have learnt.
ª bX
, M (1)
ª O;OXM, jM (2)
ª MTbF M (3)
ª M]rO M (4)
ª bX
, jM (5)
ª ObX
, jM (6)
ª O^bAP`
, jM (7)
ª M]P$j"O M¿j=b- (8)
ª PYM$jb- M= MTj!Pb- Mj=b- (9)
ª M]jOb- Pj"O M (10)
ª MTMb- M
MM' jM (11)
ª jOb- M
MM' jM (12)
ª OM!jOr MO M]b jb (13)
ª O;OXM, jM Pj%O (14)
ª M,j!Pb- Mj=b- (15)
ª M,Mb- Mj=b-Mb- (16)
ª MjOb- MjM Mj=b-Mb- (17)
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(2)
2& 34
/ 56
*V R!! Yf)
dM)dM
*=§ *@ *£
(3)
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(4)
Test No. 7
(5) How are (Ub-) and (*m=b-) used? Explain with examples.
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Lesson 14
The Verb
wrote. Some verbs have four root letters (OMP), e.g. (MMvjM) –
he translated.
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the root letters of the verbal noun (Y|) and all the
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M%jOM: ... MjOM: a MfMOM: a jMOM: a j!POM: a MOM: a M
OM:
M%jPb ... a MjPba MfMPb a jMPb a j!PPb a MPba M.Pb
is rendered (w\), e.g. (PM)u M
OP:) – The milk was drunk. This
sentence does not indicate who drank the milk.
52When one wants to indicate the person/item on which the action is done
without mentioning the doer, the passive verb is used, e.g. The book was
taken.
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becomes negative, e.g. (M9Mfb M) – He did not write. (M
OM: M)
– He did not drink.
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Besides these, the other parts of the sentence are called the
(Bb2MMfP), e.g. (Ojgu MwM) – with the meat, (OjM)r O\) - in the
house, (M.j!Mrb) – today etc.
can also precede the (\), the ( !V) and the verb, e.g.
(ji?M%j=O ji?b PrM$rb- M.j!Mrb)
Today I have perfected your religion for you.
The words (.M j!Mrb) and (ji?b) are the (Bb2MMfP) in this sentence.
The former preceded the verb while the latter preceded the
( !V).
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Note: In the list below, each verb is written with both the
('¢) - perfect and (N[¢) - imperfect tenses.
Conjugate each verb according to the previously mentioned
paradigm. Then construct the ( !±) passive tense of each
verb and conjugate it. The beloved students of seminaries
should certainly take this much trouble to do this.
Word Meaning
iiryM= bbb- to eat
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brb- now
tj=Oj$M to nurse
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*m%Mv garden
twjO$Mv all
tSOM" thief
t.Mb food
tDjb\ happiness
*bO\ group
M$mqbyb as if
M$b like
ubyO because
uAO except
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MR then, because
Exercise No. 13
(A) Note the use of the active and passive tenses in the
following sentences and translate them:
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Answer Question
Pj%O n^j}Pv PBr-Mb# jUOYhM" M= jMMq ª b1ji2r MBr-Mb# rM, PYjO:M M=
b*MOM)r PPfj)Mfb jMMq bO M
j!Pfr?M$r Mj)Mfb rM,
ª M]jOb-
br bO Pj$m_ OMbb M ª Pj$m_ OMbb ÀM
o*MM" b j)b# PM$b2r M
Mb jMMq ª PM$b2r M
Mb rM,
MwM M}j)Pr Prbb- jUOYhM" M= ª PM=jM M= M.j!Mr Orbb- bFM
OM)u
MMbO bO jOb- bzOP ª MTj!Pb- bzOP Mj=b- bO
MmY ObMM jhi- MO, ª MmY bMM jM
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(C) Note the use of the verbs in the following verses of the
Qur’ān:
. O
OrFOO ³lMjO5b ³*bO\ jM)bb o*bjOb# o*bO\ jO jb (1)
M(m% bMfb# M$mqybb?b\ OJjc O\ oMb\ j0b- orVMq OjMO ²rVMq bMfb# M (2)
. ²O$Mv
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(1) Did Hāmid eat the food? No, he did not eat the
food till now.
(2) Did you drink the water? Yes, I ate the food and
drank the water.
(3) What did you eat today? I ate bread and meat.
(4) Did your sister go to the madrasah? Yes, she went
one hour ago.
(5) When did the sun rise? The sun rose now.
(6) Who entered the musjid? They are the teachers of
the madrasah.
(7) Who is that who came out of the house? That is
54 Here the word (M9Ofi) means, “to make binding – to make compulsory”.
55 A girl buried alive.
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my small brother.
(8) Did you (f) understand my statement? We did not
understand your speech.
(9) Why did you (pl. f.) not understand my
statement? Because your language is Arabic.
(10) O Khālid, was any lion killed? Yes, a large lion
was killed.
(11) Who killed the lion? Sir, I killed the lion.
(12) Where was your servant sent? He was sent to the
market.
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Lesson 15
The Imperfect
(I JD 4*)
2. The letters (-), (B), (U) and () are the signs of ( V
N[¢) known as the (N[¢ B/). By inserting one of
these letters before (9© X Y0) - the singular
making the first letter sākin and adding (w\) at the end, the
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imperfect tense, e.g. (PPOj[M=), (M$PPOj[M=), (jPPOj[M=) … till (M%POj[M=).
(jP,j!P$PfjMM') – You (all) hit them. (M$P,j!P$PfjMM') – You (all) hit the
two of them.
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P;m=O singular
Masculine
M$P,m=O dual
jP,m=O plural
M,m=O singular
Feminine
M$P,m=O dual
mP,m=O plural
MTm=O singular
Masculine
M$im=O dual
jim=O plural
OTm=O singular
Feminine
M$im=O dual
mim=O plural
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Word Meaning
PijM= MbM to create
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iMrVM= bMb\ to do
OO camel
M$mqO only
j=OM innocent
j!P=OM radio
Ojb- yesterday
²Yb tomorrow
²M)M morning
n^MM evening
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M' harm
lM!jb# coffee
O
bFMM May Allāh grant refuge
!M j=O a O
M0 jUO By Allāh
twjvM0 pain
Exercise No. 14
. ³/jOb# PP$Mr\b- jMMq ª mOMMr bM PMrVM rM, (1)
. PM=jM jOfji- PP)Pfr?M ª M
MfO?r bX
, P9Pfr?M= jM (2)
Ab Mqb- jUOYhM" M= .P9Pfr?M bA Mjqb-M0 ²YhMv P9Pf?r M MO, ! e
c^M: M (3)
. ²jvM0 jUOYM= jO\ ubyO P9Pfrb-
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An Arabic Letter
j O©b2b\P M0 Mqb- PBr-Mb# jhqb- bj!P$bjM m$b ²Yj=OY:M ²Mb\ bj!PMrVM ji?PjO$Mv jPfjqb-
jO ³/jOb# PMrVMq brM0 o*bjOb# olmYP jO\ O
Mbyr bjOjM O
MfO jO b m0byr c^j}P{r
e
c^M: rO i-MY)jM%M"M0 hOMMr O\ ²j!Pfr?M M.j!Mr P9Pfrb- bX
OM0 O
MMr MO
. O
MfO?r bX
, jO jOqu5 c^j}P{r OjMj!M= MYjM
MM
O Pfi?r br5O o9j M|O Mjb ŸOv jM" PmqOb\ ª M
MfO?r bX
, i-Mr2M bA MO jOb- M=
9
. ³/jM" P;MqjYMvM!b\ P;Mqr-Mb# PjgMq . O*M$j=OYb2r O*mOMMr O(OMYM$r O\ O*M{O©m
PP)MjgM= M$b o9jM|O Mjb mOMMr ub- M
MfO?r bX
, MBr-MYM bFO Mjqb- PbjMfM"M0
. bj!P)OuW
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TM OjM P9Ob
M$jm PYj)M
Test No. 8
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(11) In the word (PMMM'), what is the pronoun (P;) called?
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