KULLANIMI • Reported speech söylenileni iletirken kullanılır.
Örnekler( düz cümle aktarımı)
Ayşe “I like making cake”
Ayşe says that she likes making cake”
Ayşe “We will be there on time”
Ayşe says that they will be there on time”
Örnekler( onay cümlesi aktarımı) • Ayşe “Do you like cake?”
• Ayşe asks if I like cake.”
• Ayşe “Will we be there on time?”
• Ayşe asks if they will be there on time”
Örnekler( Wh soru cümlesi aktarımı) • Ayşe “How are you?”
• Ayşe asks how I am”
• Ayşe “What time will we be there?”
• Ayşe asks what time they will be there.
+ Emir Cümlesi aktarımı Gloria “help me please”
Gloria tells me to help her.
Gloria wants me to help her. Gloria requests me to help her. - Emir Cümlesi aktarımı • John “ Don’t be late, please” • John tells me not to BE LATE. • John advises me not to BE LATE. • John requests me not to BE LATE. Reported speach 2 Eğer ana cümle S. past tens ise yan aktarılan cümle pastlaştırılır (geçmiş zamn. Şeklinde çevrilir). Örnekler-1 Sara “ I work hard”
Sara said that she worked hard
Sara “ Are you working ?” Sara asked me if I was working Örnekler-2 • Sara “where do you work?”
• Sara asked me where I worked.
Örnekler 3 Modal Cümlelerde Aktarım
Andy “ I can swim “
Andy said that he could swim.
Ted “ I must help June”
Ted said that he had to help June. MODAL LARDA PASTLAŞTIRMA CAN COULD MUST HAD TO HAVE TO HAD TO WILL WOULD
ZAMAN VE YER ZARFLARI
NOW THEN TODAY THAT DAY YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY TWO DAYS BEFORE
THE WEEK / MONTH / YEAR LAST WEEK / MONTH / YEAR BEFORE A YEAR / MONTH / WEEK A YEAR / MONTH / WEEK AGO BEFORE TOMORROW THE NEXT/FOLLOWING DAY THE FOLLOWING NEXT WEEK/MONTH WEEK/MONTH HERE THERE THIS THAT THESE THOSE ‘I will go to Ankara tomorrow’ He said that he would go to Ankara the next day. ‘I will be flying to New York’