Managemet Plan Albanian Alps English

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Albanian Alps Management Plan
Technical Report · August 2014

DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2620.8324
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The European Union’s IPA 2010 programme for Albania
Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of

the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law
Drafting and Enforcement of National Environmental
Legislation
(Europe Aid/130987/C/SER/AL)
Activity A.3: Preparation of Strategy and Plans - Protected Areas

Management Plans
Thethi & Valbona Valley National Parks, and

Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Management Plan
Draft Final
This project is funded by
The European Union

1
Project title: Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of
Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of National
Environmental Legislation
Project number: Europe Aid/130987/C/SER/AL;
Contract no. 2011/275-693
Country: Republic of Albania
Beneficiary Contractor
Name: Ministry of Environment Grontmij A/S
Durresi Str, Nr 27, Tirana,
Address: Granskoven 8 DK-2600 Glostrup
Albania
Contact Person: Ardiana Sokoli Paolo Bacca
Phone: +355 4 2259900 +355 4 2226493
E-mail: Ardiana.Sokoli@moe.gov.al Paolo.Bacca@selea.al
Date of Report: 06/06/2014
Title: Thethi & Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Management Plan
Authors: Erjola Keçi, Elisabeth Krog
QA: Paolo Bacca
Acknowledgement
The project team wishes to express its gratitude to all resource persons and experts from all institutions and
stakeholders involved in the collection of data and information and to all persons and bodies that have
supported the development of this Management Plan. Special thanks are given to the Directorate of
Biodiversity and Protected Areas at the MoE, local authorities, local communities, DSF staff in Shkodra and
Kuksi/Tropoja section and other stakeholders of the area.
This report has been prepared by a project team working for Grontmij. The findings, conclusions and
interpretations expressed in this document are those of Grontmij alone and should not in any way be taken to
reflect the opinions and policies of the European Commission.
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Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of
National Environmental Legislation
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Executive summary ..................................................................................................................................... 11
PART 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA ................................................................................ 21
1.1 Area Description ......................................................................................................................... 21
1.1.1 Description of Protected Areas in the Albanian Alps ................................................................. 21
1.2 Legislation Framework ................................................................................................................ 29
1.2.1 Regulatory framework for Valbona and Thethi NPs and Gashi Strict Nature Reserve ............. 30
1.2.2 Stakeholders ............................................................................................................................. 31
1.2.3 Description of Alps ecological system ....................................................................................... 33
1.2.4 Description of Alps socio-economic system ............................................................................. 40
1.2.5 Current governance structure in the protected area ............................................................... 45
1.2.6 Description of cultural landscape and heritage ........................................................................ 48
PART 2: EVALUATION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA AND ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................................................................. 51
2.1 Assessment of Values.................................................................................................................. 51
2.1.1 Ecological values ....................................................................................................................... 51
2.1.2 Socio-economic values .............................................................................................................. 60
2.1.3 Cultural values........................................................................................................................... 66
2.2 Assessment of the Institutional Framework ............................................................................... 68
2.3 Assessment of Threats ................................................................................................................ 71
2.3.1 Ecological Threats ..................................................................................................................... 74
2.3.2 Socio-Economic Threats ............................................................................................................ 75
PART 3: MANAGEMENT OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA ............................................................................. 79
3.1 Vision and objectives .................................................................................................................. 79
3.1.1 Long-term management objectives .......................................................................................... 79
3.1.2 Short-term management objectives ......................................................................................... 80
3.1.2 Management Plan Principles .................................................................................................... 82
3.2 Definition of management zones ...................................................................................................... 83
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3.2.1 Proposal for Valbona and Thethi NPs and Gashi Strict Nature Reserve Zoning ..................... 84
3.3 Management Actions for Thethi NP ................................................................................................. 92
3.3.1 Strengthen the protected area management system .............................................................. 93
3.3.2 Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation .............................................. 96
3.3.3 Develop the recreational and touristic uses .............................................................................. 97
3.3.4 Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities ............................................... 99
3.3.5 Promote scientific research and education ............................................................................. 100
3.4 Management Actions for Valona Valley NP .................................................................................... 102
3.4.1 Strengthen the protected area management system ............................................................. 102
3.4.2 Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation ............................................ 106
3.4.3 Develop the recreational and touristic uses ............................................................................ 107
3.4.4 Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities ............................................. 109
3. 4.5 Promote scientific research and education ............................................................................ 111
3.5 Management Actions for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve .......................................................... 113
3. 5.1 Strengthen the protected area management system ............................................................ 114
3. 5.2 Promote scientific research and education ............................................................................ 117
PART 4: FINANCIAL PLAN .......................................................................................................................... 119
4.1 Staffing needs for Thethi National Park .................................................................................... 119
4.2 Financial Plan for Thethi National Park ..................................................................................... 119
4.3 Staffing needs for Valbona Valley National Park ..................................................................... 121
4.4 Financial Plan for Valbona Valley National Park ....................................................................... 121
4.5 Staffing needs for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve ............................................................... 122
4. 6 Financial Plan for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve ................................................................ 122
PART 5: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT ................................................................. 124
5.1 Monitoring & Evaluation of Thethi National Park Management Actions ................................. 125
5.2 Monitoring & Evaluation of Valbona National Park Management Actions .............................. 131
5.3 Monitoring & Evaluation of Gashi Protected Area Management Actions ................................ 137
PART 6: REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 140
PART 7: ANNEXES: MAPS, FIGURES, RAW DATA, GRAPHICS .................................................................... 144
Annex I: Categories, Levels of Protection and Forbidden Activities ..................................................... 144
Annex II: Zoning Assessment Methodology .......................................................................................... 146
Annex III: Budget separated into programs and actions for Thethi National Park Area ...................... 147
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Annex IV: Budget separated into programs and actions for Valbona Valley National Park ................. 152
Annex V: Budget separated into programs and actions for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve ........... 157
Annex VI: Animal and plant species present in the park area .............................................................. 159
Figures, Graphics Tables and Maps........................................................................................................... 195
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List of Abbreviations
ABC Activity Based Costing

DCM Decision Council of Ministers
DFS Directory of Forestry Services
FCRP Fire Control and Rescue Police
FPUA Forest and Pasture Unit Administration
FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
HM Hunting Manager
HPP Hydropower Project
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
MARDWA Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Administration
MC Management Committee
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
METS Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet
MoE Ministry of Environment
MoF Ministry of Finance
MP Management Plan
MTI Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
MUDT Ministry of Urban Development and Tourism
NEA National Environmental Agency
NTA National Tourism Agency
NUCI National Urban and Construction Inspectorate
PA Protected Area
PME Participatory monitoring and evaluation
REA Regional Environmental Agency
SAC Special Areas of Conservation
SIEFW State Inspectorate for Environment, Forest and Water
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INTRODUCTION
The Albanian Alps are the northernmost part of Albania. There are two national parks and one strict
nature reserve in the Alps. The Theth National Park, designated in 1966 covering an area of 2,630
hectares; the Valbona Valley National Park designated in 1996 covering 8,000 hectares; and the Gashi
River strict nature reserve, designed in 1996, covering 3,000 hectars.
There is also a plan by the Biodiversity Directorate at MoE, to implement a large Albanian Alps National
Park, which would cover a massive area of 36,571.6 hectares 1 and would include the current areas of
“Gashi River” Strict Nature Reserve, “Thethi” and “Valbona Valley” National Parks.
This Management Plan search to capture the many factors and issues at play at each protected area
separately, while encouraging an integrated approach that can be used to achieve the management
purposes of the future Albanian Alps National Park.
It aims to find solutions that make the best use of all resources, meet the needs of communities and
businesses, and conserve, enhance and increase understanding of the future Albanian Alps National
Park’s special qualities.
Plan’s formulation
The process of elaborating the Albanian Alps Management Plan (MP) has been ‘participatory’ and has
involved both central and local stakeholders to foster shared ownership of and support for the vision,
aims, objectives, policies and actions that the plan identifies.
Several workshops and consultations have been conducted with the Directorate of Biodiversity at the
MoE, local authorities, local communities and other stakeholders in the area to assist the development
of the MP. At these workshops, participants identified issues of importance for the Plan and considered
potential outcomes in relation to these.
Field surveys have been conducted in the area in collaboration with local authorities. The main aim of
these local activities has been to include local observations and points of view via collection of
information from the area, the present situation, obstacles and challenges, identify pressures, threats,
possibilities and visions for the future. Valuable information has been received, which has formed the
basis of the present MP.
The development of this MP has been the task for Erjola Keci and Elisabeth Krog. They have received
valuable contribution by Rajmonda Duka (Financial Plan), Bendis Bocari (Legal & Institutional aspects),
Morten Christensen (Zoning assessment & photos), Ferdinand Bego (Monitoring & evaluation of
management; zoning proposal), Valbona Simixhiu (GIS), Albana Zotaj (GIS), Alfred Mullaj (Habitats and
plant species, Miriam Ndini (Hydrology), Arben Pambuku (Geomorphology and soil composition), Sonila
Guna (editing), the staff of Directorate of Biodiversity and Protected Areas at the Ministry (comments &
suggestions), the staff of Directorate for Forestry Services in Shkodra and Kuksi/Tropoja section
(knowledge & understanding of the area), and the enthusiasm of local communities.
The MP has been elaborated based on the following principles:
1
Source MoE Biodiversity and protected Areas Directorare, shape file June 2013
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Baseline description of the area

Data has been collected involving: a) gathering of available background information at the locally held
workshops; b) consultation of inventories at the MoE and others relevant institutions; and c) field data
acquisition. The data have been evaluated to identify and understand the features and relevance of the
protected area in order to describe the baseline situation, including: state of the environment, the
threats and opportunities in the protected area.
Development of vision, objectives and management principles

Based on the existing situation, the baseline description, a vision for the protected area has been
formulated. The management vision is the ideal situation to be achieved in the protected area in the
future, the optimal situation in which the protected area should develop into. Based on the vision, both
long-term and short-term objectives have been defined. The objectives are more specific statements of
intentions, their existence and attainment needs to be borne in mind when designing and executing all
foreseen measures in order to reach the vision in the future.
Elaboration of action plan, monitoring and supervision

A number of actions have been designed and categorized based on the present situation and defined
objectives for the area. The actions are organised in tables (Action Plans) separately per each protected
area within Albanian Alps identifying responsible institution, period, duration, management zone and
indicators of success. The action plans and management programmes, identified for each of the
protected areas separately, are the main output of the Management Plan. The implementation of the
actions should be monitored and evaluated to provide the base for the next revision of the Management
Plan.
Identification of financial needs

The methodology used for the financial plan is the Activity Based Costing (ABC), which is a specific
costing methodology that identifies the activities and determines the cost of each of these by allocating
the resources for all the products and services based on the actual consume for each of the activity.
Because the Management Plan is divided into programs and activities, the assessment of the costs was
done for each activity. All the proposed activities involve work expenses, materials, equipments,
subcontracting expenses, which have been assessed including even the indirect costs. The total budget
for the implementation of the MP is reflected in different forms: total budget according to specific
activities; total budget according to main programs; and total budget for the implementation of the MP.
Structure of the Plan

The plan is written following the “Standard Structure of Protected Areas Management Plans” adopted
by the Ministry of Environment (MoE) following the Ministerial Order no. 148, date 21.2.2013.
In this respect the general contents of the MP are as follows:
1. Part 1 provides a description of the protected areas illustrated by maps, the protected areas’s
natural resources as well as basic facts about the area’s people and communities. It also
provides an overview of the current polices and legislation, it establishes the relationship
between the different stakeholders and the current governance structure. It describes the
special qualities of each protected area and of the planned Albanian Alps National Park, the
main ecosystems and their structure, and the social-economic systems.
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2. Part 2 provides for an evaluation of the protected areas and an assessment of the current
framework, including threats. It identifies cross-cutting issues and drivers of change that affect
or are likely to affect the existing protected areas and the future ofthe planned Albanian Alps
National Park. It summarizes the key implications associated with the sustainable management
of the area’s resources, special qualities and communities.
3. Part 3 presents of the vision, aims, strategic objectives and actions included in this Plan. These
are the central threats running throughout the Management Plan that bind it together. Further,
in part 3 are given some management principles, which in an overall manner lay down principles
for carrying out different management activities in the protected areas, some core principles
like local community participation, transparent decision making and communication, effective
management and application of the “precautionary principle” in management actions.
4. Part 4 provides the estimation of the financial needs for implementing the management actions
presented in part 3.
5. Part 5 provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating progress toward achieving the
outcomes described in the priorities for action described in the Action Plan.
Who is the Plan for?

This MP is a plan for the integrated management of Valbona Valley and Thethi National parks, and Gashi
River Strict Nature Reserve. The success of the Management Plan relies upon the cooperative
interaction of all those who care for the protected areas of Albanian Alps and their future.
It is the Ministry`s hope and expectation, that this Management Plan shall be adopted and used by the
Government of Albania through its Ministries and government agencies who are responsible for the
development of protected areas and policy implementation at national, regional and local level.
Further and most importantly, it is the MoE expectation that the Management Plan is considered as a
working tool and guidance document of the protected area, and that the plan is made available to the
public and accessible to all authorities, key stakeholders and users in the area.
Purpose of the Plan

This Management Plan is the single most important policy document for the Valbona Valley and Thethi
National parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve. It provides a prospective to all those who have an
influence over the establishment of the planned Albanian Alps National Park.
The Plan coordinates and integrates the actions that affect the management purposes of each of the
three protected areas separately. No major decisions should be taken affecting the future of the
Valbona Valley and Thethi National parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve without reference to
the Management Plan.
The Plan sets a vision for the future of the Valbona Valley and Thethi National parks, and Gashi River
Strict Nature Reserve and for the planned Albanian Alps National Park, and specifies actions and
outcomes to pursue within the next five years to bring the existing protected areas closer to this shared
vision.
The Plan promotes coordinated implementation, monitoring and evaluation of these activities
collectively across a wide range of partners and stakeholders. In essence, it creates a framework for
Valbona Valley and Thethi National parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve management, guiding
decision-making and developing priorities for everyone involved.
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Duration of the plan

The Management Plan is a strategic document setting long-term visions and aims for Valbona Valley and
Thethi National parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve, which the future Management Committee
will strive to achieve, i.e. the optimal situation in which the protected areas should develop into. On the
other hand the MP sets targets that are more realistic and achievable in the short term. Consequently,
the Plan also outlines a detailed framework of actions to take place within the protected areas
respectively within the next five years (2015-2020), at which time the Plan will be reviewed and revised
as required.
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Executive summary
The Alps are unique natural region of great beauty and ecological value, and home of the head waters of
major rivers. They constitute a major ecological, economic, cultural, recreational and living environment
in Albania. The Alps are an important reservoir for biodiversity and habitats. One strict natural reserve
and two national parks, and a number of nature monuments are located in the region. From a socio-
economic point of view the Alps are among the poorest areas in the country, but they have potential for
the implementation of successful economic activities. There are opportunities for development of this
region and, in particular, for trans-border integration and co-operation.
There are two national parks and one strict nature reserve in the Alps. The Theth National Park,
designated in 1966 covering an area of 2,630 hectares; the Valbona Valley National Park designated in
1996 covering 8,000 hectares; and the Gashi River strict nature reserve, designed in 1996, covering
3,000 hectars.
There is also a plan by the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Directorate at MoE to implement a large
Albanian Alps National Park, which would cover a massive area of 36,571.6 hectares 2 and would include
the current areas of “Gashi River” Strict Nature Reserve, “Thethi” and “Valbona Valley” National Parks
(see Map1).
Protected areas description
National Park of Thethi

The area of Theth is declared National Park with a surface of 2,630 ha through the DCM No. 96, dated
21.11.1966. The “National Park of Theth” lies in the valley that the river of Theth created, between the
block “Bjeshket e Namuna” on the west, and the block of Jezerca on the east.
The Thethi NP is 75 km away from the city of Shkodra. The area is entirely part of the Shkoder district,
commune of Shale and includes 8 villages as follows: Thethi (Nikgjonaj), Thethi (Okoli), Thethi (Grunasi),
Thethi (Gjelaj), Thethi (Hardedaj), Thethi (Nenrrethi), Thethi (Gjecaj), and Thethi.
The NP offers well distinguished habitats with an abundant coverage. The diversity of habitats provides
a high diversity of fauna and influences the density of different groups of communities as well.
Main habitats with high coverage within the protected area are forest land, mixed forests (broad leaved
and coniferous), shrubs and forest vegetation land. Agricultural areas are located close to the inhabited
villages, and pasture and meadows.
The climate in the park area is hard with snowfalls during winter that range from 1.5 meters in the lower
parts up to 3 meters in the higher parts of the park.
This area is rich in geological formations. The main rocky formations are Carbonates and Porous
formations.
2
Source MoE Biodiversity Directorare, shape file June 2013
11
The river of Theth, which originates from Okolli springs, in the northen part of the country, runs along
the valley. It has crystal clear and foamy waters in some places.
One of the most distinguished characteristics of this river is the abundance of mountain trout. The Park
contains many other streams named the “Sheep”, “Gurra” and the stream of “Shkafi”.
In “Thethi” National Park rivers, streams and lakes are used mainly as drinking water resources, for
irrigation and other farming purposes. Water resources are also used as hydropower for electricity
supply; they are important for tourism development and used for fishery.
Trouts are present in the cold waters and carstic lakes in Thethi River where fishing with hookes is
exercised as a sport.
Agriculture and livestock

Even though Thethi is outstretched over a large territory, its agricultural land is limited. The average land
per person is two thousand square meters. The land is fertile and well-watered. The climate is favorable
for growing maize, potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, aubergines, onions, garlics, pease,
cabbages, the beans of Shala with high organic values, apples, pears, plumbs, cherries, quinces,
chestnuts, strawberries and grapes of which is produced homemade wine and raki.
Agriculture and farming is the most important economic activity for the local people within the
protected area.
Promotion, marketing and certification of local bio-products if not carried out can limit the locals benefit
in the future.
Livestock graze manly in abandoned pasture areas. Grazing is however not controlled and managed.
Overgrazing in Thethi National Park, uncontrolled circulation within the pastures can imply the
extinction of some endemic species. The surface and the capacity for grazing areas have not been
defined and poses a threat to biodiversity.
Honey is produced in small quantities in Thethi and distributed at local level. The lack of certification,
quality control, standard packaging, marketing etc. is a barrier for further distribution to larger scale
markets (national and international).
Tourism
Thethi National Park is characterized by its natural biodiversity such as forests, alpine and sub alpine
pastures, rugged mountains, and deep valleys.
In a few places, like ThethI, tourism has been revitalized by recreational hiking. With the help of GTZ, 40
private houses (also referred to as Guest Houses, or Han in Albanian) have been transformed into tourist
accommodations or B&Bs. Additionally, hiking trails have been marked and trail maps and travel guides
published. Lakes such as Plav and Hrid also receives many tourists during the summer months. In many
villages there are small hydropower plants that supply the village with electricity.
Cultural attractions of the region of Thethi include the traditional clothes, churches, characteristic
houses, and the way of living.
The clean climate and the numerous natural beauties make this region attractive to the tourists. Thethi
welcomes visitors all the year round, including mountain climbers, botanists, fishing amateurs,
speleologists, as well as those passionate of mountain cycling.
However, only few facilities for tourism development are currently available at “Thethi” National Park.
An increase of offer in accommodation facilities will have a positive impact to local economic income,
but could also have a negative impact on nature as an encreasing number of visitors may cause
disturbances in nature and create local waste pollution.
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Forestry
Thethi National Park offers good conditions for forests (forests of beech, black pine, maple, and ash tree,
including some centennial beeches with a diameter of 1 – 1.5 m are found here) and pastures in general
as a result of careful nature protection and conservation carried out by the local residents. Fires and
erosion are the main threats in the area due to lack of public awareness and implementation of
regulations, including the limited manpower-resources available for inspection and management.
The inhabitants of Thethi cultivate their land and fields for only half of the year, in order to sustain
themselves and their families. The diet of this region includes mainly meat and diary products such as
cheese, butter, and cottage cheese. These products have a high quality because of the clean
environment and the fertile soil.
National Park of Valbona Valley

In accordance with Decision of Council of Ministers no. 102, dated 15.1.1996, the Valbona Valley is
proclaimed as “National Park” with a surface 8,000 ha.
This valley is situated in the center of the Albanian in the district of Tropoja, 25 - 30 km in northwest of
the city of Bajram Curri. The park is included in the commune of Margegaj, and includes 11 villages as
follows: Ceremi, Ceremi (Gocaj), Dragobia, Dragobia (Hajderaj), Dragobia (Kikaj Maskollata), Kocanaj
(Kelcyre), Rragami, Shoshani (Graci), Valbona, Valbona (Cuka Dunishes), and Valbona (Kukaj).
The NP is covered mainly by forests combined by natural grassland, and heath land. Forests are the most
abundant habitat. They located along the valley and offer a rich landscape and a unique combination of
ecosystems. Pasture and meadow are also present. The agriculture land is limited and located close to
the inhabited villages of the valley. Rocky area covers the rest of Valbona National Park, surrounding the
forests, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation associations. Open spaces with no or little vegetation have
a considerable abundance.
The climate in the park area is characterised by cold winters and fresh summers.
The area of Valbona Valley National Park is composed geologically by rocky formations as: Carbonates,
Magmatic and Porous formations.
The Valbona River is the longest and biggest river in the area. It is still relatively untouched. Its source is
located near the border to Montenegro.
The Valbona River is one of the main branches of Drini River. The river flows east through the
municipality Margegaj (mountain villages Valbonë, Dragobi and Shoshan), then turns south along Bajram
Curri, and continues southwest until it flows out into the river Drin, near Fierzë.
In the Valbona River discharge two important branches: Gashi and Tropoja River.
The water resources have all a good water quality. The surface waters are used as drinking water supply
for the local and regional communities and for irrigation. Two hydropower plants are respectively in the
Dragobi and Cerem area utilise the river’s water.
Trout can be found in the cold waters as well as in kartstic lakes of Valbona. Fishing is practiced in the
area. In Valbona River active fishery also takes place.
13

Agriculture has mainly in the form of small, family-run alpine farming, i.e. summer grazing of livestock
up on the alpine pastures (June to September) and winter sheltering down in the valleys. Honey, raki
(plum or grape brandy), dried wild mushrooms and herbal teas (çaj mali, an aromatic mountain tea),
berries for jams, medical herbs and ewes’ milk cheese and yoghurt, as well as nearly all sorts of fruits
and vegetables are the region’s main products.
Agriculture and livestock are the main employment options of this Valley.
The diet of this area includes mainly meat and diary products such as cheese, butter, and cottage
cheese.
in the future.
Product quality improvement in livestock breeding and dairy production, better processing technology
and certification of local products can increase the quality of farming products, which is necessary in
order to stay on the marked and compete in the future.
Honey is produced in small quantities in Valbona Valley National Parks and distributed at local level. The
lack of certification, quality control, standard packaging, marketing etc. is a barrier for further
distribution to larger scale markets (national and international).
Tourism
Valbona Valley National Park is an important touristic attraction.
Valbona Valley is the most popular destination for locals and foreigners alike when visiting the Alps. The
valley is dominated by high mountains which offers fantastic views and varying colorful, seasonal
panoramas. Valbona River flows through an attractive landscape, composed by forests, pastures,
diversity of plants and characteristic houses.
The nature of this park is full of varieties suitable for tourism, fishing, relaxation, amusing and mountain
climbing as well as winter sports. Traditional hospitability is particular within the area. Tourists can walk
among the wonderful nature, make excursions and exercise different sports as climbing, trekking, riding
horses etc.
Cultural attractions of the valley include mainly the traditional clothes, churches, characteristic houses,
and the way of living.
The local population is very hospitable. Many of them have already begun to receive tourists from
Albania and abroad in their houses.
The number of tourists has increased in recent years (especially in Valbona Valley NP), and major
infrastructure investments are on the way to being implemented,including: hydro-power plants and new
roads. This development can potentially pose a threat, directly or indirectly, to the ecosystems in the
area unless carefully planned and managed.
Forestry
This valley has high biodiversity values. In the forests of this park, one may find beech, black and white
pine, oak, spruce, lime trees, as well as alpine meadows, and forests of chestnuts. The fruits that
primarily grow in this region are plums and nuts.
However, limited manpower-resources are available for inspection and management, which poses a
threat to the conservation of the biodiversity in the areas.
14
Fires are considered intentionally caused by humans in most cases. Lack of fire monitoring and
management is , threatening the biodiversity and influencing the local residents.
Illegal cutting and hunting activities seem not to be significant in both the protected areas. Indicators
related to these activities are not defined and periodical monitoring is not being carried out.
Strict natural reserve of Gashi River

In accordance with Decision of Council of Ministers no. 102, dated 15.1.1996, Gashi river is proclaimed
as ‘Strict Natural Reserve” with a surface 3,000 ha.
The Gashi River valley is situated in northeast of the Albanian Alps, it borders stretch along the state
borders between Albania and Montenegro to the northwest, and between Albania and Kossovo to the
nort-east, while it share the borders with the adiacents Thethi national park to the west side, and the
Tropoje valley to the east side. The reserve is situated in the district of Tropoja, communes of Margegaj
and Tropoje, and includes 3 villages as follows: Shkelzeni (Kovocica), Bradoshnica (Herusha), and
Bradoshnica.
The nature reserve is covered mostly by forests, heath land and herbaceous vegetation associations. The
main characteristic of the strict reserve is the abundance of forests along the Valley of Gashi River and
shrubby, grassy habitats around forests.
The agriculture and rocky habitats are very few and concentrated in limited surfaces within the
protected area.
The climate of the reserve, according to Albanian national climatic classification is part of the
Mediterranean Climate North Mountain subzone. This sub area is one of the coldest parts of the
territory. Low temperatures are due to the high altitude above sea level.
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve lies over the flysch of Vermoshi unit and subzone of Valbona. The area
is composed by schist’s of the Silurian-Devonian, volcano - sedimentary formation of upper Paleozoic,
conglomerate - sandy formations of "Luma" of Permian - lower Triassic and the lower and medium
Triassic carbonate formation (Anisiane), which is followed by vulcanite of the rift of the upper Anisiane
and tuffs, siliceous pelagic limestones with cherts of Ladiniane and limestone with siliceous of upper
Triassic.
Formations of upper Triassic - lower Jurassic are present in the northern part of Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve, at the border to Montenegro; they are represented by radiolarites limestone, gray white color.
Paleozoic deposits are presented by the Çeremi Slate formation of the Silurian - Devonian, volcano -
sedimentary formation of Gashi dated to Upper Paleozoic and conglomerate-sandstone of the lower
Permian - Triassic.
The Gashi River is a branch of the Valbona River. It is situated on the east part of the Albanians Alps and
within the Valbona catchment area. The Gashi watershed lies in the northeast of the eastern Alps. It
starts from the glacial valley of Doberdol at an altitude of 1600m, and ends at Valbona River near the
Margegaj village. In general the water line of Gashi River watershed is characterized by mountain ridges
with height over 2000 m above sea level.
In the most upstream of Gashi River there are a number of glacial lakes as Dashi, who ranks third in size
and ranks first in elevation in all the Alps.
Water resources have all a good water quality. The surface waters are used as drinking water supply for
the local and regional communities and for irrigation.
15
The Gashi River is also considered good potential for visitors attractions. In the downstream part of the
Gashi River active fishery also takes place. Local people report on the presence of 4 trout species in this
river; however no monitoring has been carried out so far.

The most important traditional land- and natural use of resources for the local inhabitants include sheep
breeding and extensive grazing of mountain meadows and pastures, hay mowing, farming and animal
husbandry (sheep, cows and goats), fresh fruit, potato and vegetables production, beekeeping,
medicinal plant and berry collection.
Farming and livestock are the main employment options in the surroundings of Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve, where shepherds and stockbreeders are foucused at barely sustaining their families.
protected area.
in the future.
The area is home to various medicinal herbs such as: blueberry, juniper, cornel bush, etc. The herbs are
often used by the inhabitants; they use the blueberries to produce syrup and jam, while the cornel and
juniper are used to produce “raki”. The chestnut honey is also famous for its nutritional and medicinal
values.
The collection of medicinal and aromatic plants is a valuble source of income for the local people.
Tourism
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve offers natural old forests and pastures which are combined with clear
and cold waters of the area. The Gashi Valley is the path to the top of Shkelzeni Mountain. The
Doberdoli glacier is the source of the Gashi River, a tributary of the Valbona River. The valley is known
for its natural beauty meandering through narrow and attractive ravines.
At one point, the valley is so narrow it becomes a gorge. The slopes of the valley are covered with oak
and beech forests and especially coniferous forests. This is the habitat of many wild animal species such
as bear, wild goat, wolf, squirrel and eagle.
Cultural attractions of the valley include mainly the traditional clothes, characteristic houses, and the
way of living.
Forestry
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is famous for its high values and variety of flora and fauna. However,
limited manpower-resources are available for inspection and management, which poses a threat to the
conservation of the biodiversity in the areas.
Assessment of treaths
The identification and assessment of threats on biodiversity and conservation in the protected areas of
the Albanian Alps has been carried out in close co-operation with local stakeholders. The Valbona Valley
16
and Thethi National Parks, and the Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve present common treaths, as
follows:
 Climate change: it a consolidated opinion that the climate in the Alps has changed significantly
during the past century, with temperatures constantly increasing. This makes Alps especially
vulnerable to changes in the hydrological cycle and decreases in snow cover, which is already
occurring. Global climate change threatens to continue altering the alpine hydrological system
drastically. Projected changes in precipitation, snow-cover patterns will further alter run-off
regimes, leading to more droughts in summer, floods and landslides in winter and higher inter-
annual variability. Projected water shortages and more frequent extreme events, combined with
increasing water demand (for irrigating agriculture or tourist influxes, for example), are likely to
have severe adverse effects on ecosystem services, such as the provision of drinking water.
Furthermore many mountain plant species may face extinction if unable to adapt by moving
northward or uphill. Indeed flora and fauna may have to adapt to changed conditions so that the
ecosystem structure may change. New invasive species can appear and take over, causing other
natural species to disappear.
 Hydropower sector development: the Albanian Alps, including Thethi and Valbona Valley National
Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve offers several potential optimal locations for
development of medium-sized hydropower plants. Concession contracts to construct new small
and medium-sized hydropower plants have already been signed (e.g. Shala River) and some
projects have already started, including the construction of a hydropower plant in the Valbona
Valley NP. Several hydropower project are proposed and this can led to habitat destruction
especially in river beds. Most crucial threat from the project will, however, be the establishment of
road into inaccessible areas in Gashi River. Road will introduce a very high risk for the unique
remnants of virgin forest. A new construction of a hydropower plant and its impacts should be
carefully examined as they can vary from project to project. Such examination should identify if
nature is potentially affected and if so, mitigation measures should be taken and agreed upon
before a license is given to the operator.
 Habitat loss: the main potential threats foreseen are the fragmentation associated to loss of
habitats, the modification and/or the destruction of natural habitats due to the construction of
infrastructure, illegal logging and also a change in agriculture production with an enlargement of
agricultural land within the area. Selective cutting of Picea and Abies may change the forest
environment dramatically.
 Soil Erosion: the phenomenon of erosion is linked to modification or destruction of habitats,
especially in the most mountainous part of the Alps, and it also possesses a threat to biodiversity.
The qualities of the aquatics ecosystems can be strongly modified, when eroded materials are
washed out, and habitats in general can be physically impacted by the erosion coming from upper
zones. Illegal wood cutting and degradation of forest in areas with high slopes gives rise to further
erosion, besides the erosion that happens naturally, influencing the habitats. It takes many years
for a forest to regenerate itself in such a difficult environment again, if it ever happens. Artificial
caused erosion gives rise to the destruction and fragmentation of habitats, decline in species,
modification of native plant and animal communities and finally, permenant alteration of the
ecosystem.
 Hunting: another issue concerning biodiversity is the conservation of protected animal species.The
main problem is illegal hunting, which mostly is targeted high level protected animal species, such
as Brown bear, Lynx and the Wolf.
 Uncontrolled roads in alpine zone: in part of the alpine region there are rather intensive activities
in form of 4x4 driving. The activity is mainly connected to blue berry picking and shepherd. Bad
17
maintenance of the main road often led to creation of alternative treks. It is recommended to
ensure a certain quality of the main roads and forbid all driving beside the roads.
 Overgrazing in alpine areas: according to information from local people the number of animal in
the region is declined and general impression in the area is a good balance between the number of
cattle’s, sheep’s and goats and the grazing capacity of the vegetation. However, a monitoring of the
grazing and an evaluation of the impact could be relevant to ensure a sustainable practice.
Management of areas
The vision for protected areas of the Albanian Alps is of a place where farmers and sheperds, people
who live and work in or like to visit the protected areas, and especially young people will contribute
to care for and appreciate the spectacular landscape, the natural environment its wildlife and cultural
heritage.
We share the vision of “an Albanian Alps National Park as an inspirational example of sustainable
development in which thriving communities and visitors have an opportunity to understand, enjoy and
contribute to preserve the richness of cultural heritage and biodiversity”.
Based on this shared vision for an Albanian Alps National Park, specific long term objectives were
identified as follows:
Strengthen the protected area management system

Ensure that the protected area is managed in a correct way, involving local stakeholders in a
participatory process to contribute to a sustainable management of the area’s resources maintaining a
compatible equilibrium between nature conservation and the development of human activities.
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation

Maintain the diverse habitats of the protected area, maintain the rich variety of fauna and flora and
good interactions between ecosystems, ensure good water quality in the rivers and streams and
preserve the unique natural and biological processes and life support systems.
Develop the recreational and touristic uses

Provide for and manage the use of recreational and cultural values in the area, ensuring the coexistence
of nature protection and the development of various types of touristic activities. Provide for accessible
and diverse recreation opportunities for visitors and residents, encouraging healthy living, enjoyment of
the landscape and a sense of adventure.
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities

Ensure profitable farming, through food production, land management and family farm based business,
by supporting traditional and modern economic development that is innovative, well managed and
appropriate to the conservation of natural resources within the Alps area.
Promote scientific research and education

Promote education, nature appreciation and scientific research on the biological, geophysical and
cultural values in the protected area.
Based on the vision and the long-term objectives for Alps area, and taking into account the factors
influencing the achievement of those objectives, the management efforts during the next coming 5
18
years (2015-2020) shall be focused on a set of keys short-term objectives tuned to the specific level of
protection given by law to the area.
Short term objectives for Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks

1. Enforce the provisions of law for visitors and users in the Alp area.
2. Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening the DFS
towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental
requirements.
3. Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.

1. Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems in the protected area are not adversely
affected by human activities.
2. Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent degradation and deterioration of
habitats.
3. Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation of species and
sustainable use of natural resources .

1. Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities.
2. Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner, and does not negatively
impact the ecological and cultural heritage values in the protected area.

1. Promote sustainable agriculture and farming.
2. Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing areas.
3. Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood.
4. Support sustainable fishery.

1. Encourage research to take place within the protected area.
2. Ensure that information from research is made available to managers of the National Park.
3. Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the protected area and the
potential impacts of human activities.
Short term objectives for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve

1. Enforce the provisions of law for visitors and users in the Alps area.
towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of
environmental requirements.
19

2. Ensure that information from research is made available to managers of the Strict Nature
Reserve.
3. Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environment and habitats
in the protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on the environment.
Monitoring and evaluation of management

The effective implementation of this management plan is a real challenge as: a) most of the actions
identified in the Action Plan are not included in existing funding streams, and b) the delivery of many of
the Plan’s actions, is reliant upon the identification and procurement of new or additional funding.
For each of the actions the following elements were identified:
• responsible authority(ies) in charge for implementation
• expected time frame and duration
• objectively verifiable indicators
• monitoring activities
Without monitoring and evaluation of the Plan’s activities, there is no way of knowing whether the
desired outcomes have been achieved or if the issues that were meant to be solved were actually
exacerbated. All responsible authorities associated with the delivery of the priority actions in this
Management Plan have a role to play in monitoring progress and the state of the Park’s resources.
The overall financial needs over the coming 5 years (2015-2019) amount to 1,447,250 Euro. Money is
required for annual operating budgets, capital investment, protection enforcement, tourism
development, staff training, community development and public awareness, research, as well as other
activities.
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PART 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA
1.1 Area Description
The Albanian Alps are situated in the northeastern part of the country. South they stretch till the Drini
Valley, which separates them from the Puka highlands; east and north-east they border with Tropoja
catchment and the valley of the down flow of Valbona River, which separate them from the highlands of
Gjakova and Hasi; while west they descend at the plain of Mbishkodra. See Map 1. The state border
between Albania and Montenegro marks the northern border of the Albanian Alps, while the state
border between Albania and Kossovo marks the northeastern border of the Albanian Alps; however
their structures continue east beyond the state border.
Based on the interior natural variations, the Alps can be divided in two big zones: the western Alps and
the eastern Alps. The boundary dividing these two zones passes through Shala valley and Runica hollow;
this boundary marks important variations of the nature of these two major parts of the Albanian Alps,
see Map 1.
The Albanian Alps are characterized by big contrasts of the relief, valleys and surrounding alpine crests.
The future Albanian Alps National Park is located in the Shkodra and Kukes districts, including the cities
of Tropoja, Shkodra and Malësi e Madhe.
In general, though the Alps have a broken and high relief, they are not inaccessible. The dense net of
valleys, gorges and passes facilitates the crossing through them to the most remote parts.
The state of the infrastructure in the Alps areas (road connection, water and waste water/waste
management, health and education facilities, flood protection) is poor. The Government of Albania is
implementing some road reconstruction activities in the Alps, increasing the accessibility of the area,
however accessibility to the area remain limited with only two main roads are connecting Bajram Curri
to Dragobia, and Thethi to the main road from Shkoder (see Map 1). This second road remains often
blocked during the winter and it is very difficult to be used during the rest of the year.
1.1.1 Description of Protected Areas in the Albanian Alps
There are two national parks and one strict nature reserve in the Alps. The Theth National Park,
designated in 1966 covering an area of 2,630 hectares; the Valbona Valley National Park designated in
1996 covering 8,000 hectares; and the Gashi River strict nature reserve, designed in 1996, covering
3,000 hectars.
There is also a plan by the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Directorate at MoE to implement a large
Albanian Alps National Park, which would cover a massive area of 36,571.6 hectares and would include
the current areas of “Gashi River” Strict Nature Reserve, “Thethi” and “Valbona Valley” National Parks
(see Map1).
21

The area of Theth is declared National Park with a surface of 2,630 ha through the DCM No. 96, dated
21.11.1966. The “National Park of Theth” (see Map 1) lies in the center of the Albanian Alps,
between the block “Bjeshket e Nëmuna” on the west, and the block of Jezerca on the east. The park is
surrounded from all four angles with pitons (rocky) of the two blocks above, which ascend down
towards the valley and create an amazing view.
The park lies in the valley that the river of Theth created. The mountain slopes are very steep and
fracture around 16°-35° however, in some parts 45°-60° or even 90°. The form of the valley resembles
that of a deep hole surrounded by mountains. That is stimulated by the glacier activity throughout the
years. The river of Shala has formed terraces on each side which are made of gritty soil.
Some of the most astonishing parts of this national park are the following: the peak of Radohima (2570
m), Arapi (2217 m), Papluka (2569 m), and Alisë (2471 m).
The Thethi NP is 75 km away from the city of Shkodra. The area is entirely part of the Shkoder district,
commune of Shale and includes 8 villages as foolows: Thethi (Nikgjonaj), Thethi (Okoli), Thethi (Grunasi),
Thethi (Gjelaj), Thethi (Hardedaj), Thethi (Nenrrethi), Thethi (Gjecaj), and Thethi.
Road network of Thethi National Park is poor and composed by trails passable only by 4x4 wheels
vehicles. The main trails are those connecting Fusshe Theth to Peja peak; Qafethore – Shtegu i dhenve –
Radohime – Malesi e Madhe; and FusheTheth - Qafa e Valbones – Rragam – Valbona Valley, which
connects the two national parks.
Whithin the National Park of Thethi there are trails connecting villages to each other such as: Grunas –
Fushe Theth; Camp – Okol; Gjelaj – Fushe Theth. These trails as well are not in good condition and
passable only by 4x4 wheels vehicles. The existing trails are passable only during summer season due to
snow in the winther season.

In accordance with Decision of Council of Ministers no. 102, dated 15.1.1996, “For approval in principle
of the strategy for the implementation of the project of environmental assessment from forest projects”
the Valbona Valley is proclaimed as “National Park” with a surface 8,000 ha.
This valley is situated in the center of the Albanian Alps between the Jezerca block, Kollata and the
mountain range of Qypi i Gracit-Rupë in north, and the mountain range of Maja e Boshit-Maja e
Hekurave in south and southeast (see Map 1). From Shoshani Bridge until Fierza, the valley passes
through the Tropoja catchment and the hilly relief between Bujani and Tëplani. In all its length, the
valley forms a semi-arc with the concave side in southwest (Photo 1). The start of this valley coincides
with the glacial groove of Vali that is situated among the Peak of Alia and that of Popluka in southwest
of the Jezerca block. In this mountain range, the carbonatite rocks are dominant and only in the villages
of Valbona and Dragobia the schist nucleus of the Alps appear.
22
The park borders stretch along the state border between Albania and Montenegro to the northwest,
while shares the borders with the adiacents Thethi national park to the west side, and Gashi river strict
natural reserve to the east side.
The Valbona Valley National Park is situated in the district of Tropoja, 25 - 30 km in northwest of the city
of Bajram Curri. The park is included in the commune of Margegaj, and includes 11 villages as follows:
Ceremi, Ceremi (Gocaj), Dragobia, Dragobia(Hajderaj), Dragobia(Kikaj Maskollata), Kocanaj(Kelcyre),
Rragami, Shoshani(Graci), Valbona, Valbona(Cuka Dunishes), and Valbona(Kukaj)
Road network of Valbona Valley has been developed lately due to the foreign and Albanian tourist’s
interest for the area. Main road connecting Valbona Valley National Park to Bajram Curri town is
approximately 27 km, from which half is asphalted. The road from Dragobia to Cerem until Doberdol
(the upper part of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve) is passable only by 4x4 m wheels vehicle. Beside
the mentioned main roads, in the area are trails connecting villages, which usually are blocked during
winter such as: Dragobi – Valbone – Rragam i Shales and Dragobi – Cerem. Other pedestrian trails are
Dragobi – Gashi River (connecting Valbona Valley National Park to Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve);
Valbone – Qafa e Valbones – Theth (Connecting Thethi National Park to Valbona Valley National Park);
Valbone – Gryket e Hapura – Curraj i Eperm.

In accordance with Decision of Council of Ministers no. 102, dated 15.1.1996, “For approval in principle
of the strategy for the implementation of the project for the implementation of environmental
assessment for forest projects” Gashi river is proclaimed as ‘Strict Natural Reserve” with a surface 3,000
ha.
The Gashi River valley (see Map 1 and Photo 2) is situated in northeast of the Albanian Alps. It starts
from the glacial groove of Dobërdoli in an altitude of 1600 m and ends at the Tropoja catchment at an
altitude of 244 m. The lithologycal diversity is reflected in the morphological variety of the valley,
especially in its widenings and narrowings, separated between them by thresholds of mainly tectonic–
lithologic origin. On the left of this groove the glacial Lake of Dashi is situated, which is the third with
regard to its size, after Sylbica Lake, and thefirst in all the Alps with regard to its altitude (2175 m). Its
total length reaches up to 275 m, whereas its width is 255 m.
The Strict Nature Reserve of Gashi River borders stretch along the state borders between Albania and
Montenegro to the northwest, and between Albania and Kossovo to the nort-east, while it share the
borders with the adiacents Thethi national park to the west side, and the Tropoje valley to the east side.
The reserve is situated in the district of Tropoja, communes of Margegaj and Tropoje , and includes 3
villages as follows: Shkelzeni(Kovocica), Bradoshnica(Herusha), and Bradoshnica.
The road network of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is very poor. Although there are trails passable
only by 4x4 m wheels vehicle the roads remain blocked by snow during most of the year. The trails
connect mainly Gashi River PA to Valbona Valley PA as Dragobi – Gashi River and the road from Dragobi
to Cerem until Doberdol (the upper part of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve).
23
Photo 1: Areal view of Valbona Valley National Park (Photo by E. Keci) Photo 2: Areal view of Gasi River Strict Nature Reserve (Photo by E. Keci)
Photo 3: Road network, Gash River SNR (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 4: Road network, Valbona Valley NP (Photo by M. Christensen)
24
Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement of National Environmental Legislation
Map 1: Administrative borders of Thethi National Park, Valbona Valley National Park, Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve, and of the planned Albanian Alps National Park
25
Description of habitats
As a result of diverse relief, geographical position, geological factors, land formations, hydrological
network and climate conditions, the Albanian Alps show a large diversity of natural habitats, including:
i) forests of oak and other different high trees, ii) alpine and subalpine pastures, iii) very slope sites of
carbonate mountains and natural likes, iv) small streams which brings water to the rivers
and surrounding areas, v) gave and other similar zones, vi) land with high moisture, vii) arable land, viii)
very high (pick of mountain) lakes, ix) rivers and other streams, etc.
This very high diversity of the habitats in the zones of Albanian Alps together with the indication of
mountain Mediterranean climate conditions during the centuries “elaborate” a quite high range of
diversity of the natural plants in the area.
The most abundant habitat of the Alps is the forest3, see Map 2, composed mainly by coniferous and
broadleaved decidous forests, and beech forest. Pastures, used mainly for grazing and meadow habitats,
are the second largest habitattype as to surface area covered. Agriculture occupies land situated close to
most of the populated villages. Rocky, eroded and burned areas are also present, together with water
bodies.
Thethi National Park

The park offers well distinguished habitats with an abundant coverage. The diversity of habitats provides
a high diversity of fauna and influences the density of different groups of communities as well.
Main habitats with high coverage within the protected area are forest land, mixed forests (broad leaved
and coniferous), shrubs and forest vegetation land, which occupy approximately 1.617 ha. Agricultural
areas are located close to the inhabited villages. Agriculture land (arable land and orchards and
arboriculture land) covers 112ha of the total protected area surface. Pasture and meadow occupy
approximately 200ha.
Valbona Valley National Park

The park is covered mainly by forests combined by natural grassland, and heath land. Forests are the
most abundant habitat covering a surface of 7.141ha. These habitats are located along the valley and
offer a rich landscape and a unique combination of ecosystems. Pasture and meadow occupy
approximately 415ha of the total surface of the entire protected area.
The agriculture area linked to the local economy is limited and located close to the inhabited villages of
the valley. Agriculture land has coverage of 343ha. Rocky area covers the rest of Valbona National Park,
surrounding the forests, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation associations. Open spaces with no or little
vegetation have limited area; this habitat occupies a surface of 60ha.

The reserve is covered mostly by forests, heath land and herbaceous vegetation associations. Forests
occupy a surface of 2693 ha. The main characteristic of the strict reserve is the abundance of forests
along the Valley of Gashi River and shrubby, grassy habitats around forests. The agriculture and rocky
habitats are very few and concentrated in limited surfaces within the protected area. Agriculture land
covers approximately 50ha and is located close to Bradoshnica village, utilized for the individual needs
of inhabitants.
3
According to the 2005 Law on Forests and the Forestry Service, No. 9385, forest is defined as an area covered at least 30 per cent by dense
trees on more than one tenth of a hectare, while open forest or forest land is defined as an area covered 5-30 per cent by forest vegetation,
unregistered in another land-use cadastre.
26
Table 1 below provides the current composition of the main habitat types in the area4.
Table 1: Use of territory in the protected areas and planned Albanian Alps National Park
Valbona Valley
Thethi National Gashi River Strict Nature Planned Albanian Alps
Main feature National Park Surface
Park Surface (ha) Reserve Surface (ha) National Park (ha)
(ha)
Commune Commune Commune
Shale Margegaj Margegaj Tropoje
Forest land,
mixed forests
(broad leaved
1.617 7.141 1.735 958 22644,8
and coniferous),
shrubs and forest
vegetation land
Pasture and
200 415 183 74 8515,8
meadow
Non productive
698 60 4299,5
area
Agriculture land
(arable land and
orchards and 112 343 50 915,5
arboriculture
land)
Water bodies
(Rivers, streams 3 42 196,1
and reservoirs)
Total (ha) 2630 8000 1968 1032 36571,6
Total (ha) - PA 2630 8000 3000
4
Source: Aerial photos (ortho photos) of the area and the verification of the land use in the field. The data from Forestry Cadastre of Shkodra
and Tropoja, and DFS in Skodra and Kuksi/Troppja Section have been are consulted.
27
Map 2: Habitats present in Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
28
1.2 Legislation Framework

During the last 20 years the Albanian parliament has approved many laws dealing directly or
indirectly with the environment. Preparation of several laws has been assisted by international experts
and most of them are based on European legislation. Albania has also ratified many of the most
important environmental conventions in international scale.
Albania has a considerable area proclaimed as protected areas (currently about 16%). Albanian Alps
are part of the protected areas networks.
In 1999 the first Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP) was prepared. One of the goals of the
BSAP was the enlargement and enforcement of the network of protected areas. The updated
National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) of 2002 (the original one was from 1992-1993) and
National Environmental Strategy (NES) of 2006 elaborate the environmental policies of the
country. These updated documents envisage measures to be taken for the protection of environment
and normative acts to be approved.
Law no. 8906, dated 06.06.2002, "On protected areas" provides the legal basis for the management of
protected areas in Albania. The Law provides the framework for the declaration, conservation,
administration, management and sustainable use of protected areas and their natural and biological
resources with the purpose of informing and educating local communities on direct and indirect
economic benefits, and promoting eco-tourism development.
In accordance with nature protection criteria established by the International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN), the Law no. 8906 identifies six categories of “protected areas” providing for different
status and levels of protection. Annex I provides an overview of the different levels of protection in
relation to the categories of “protected areas”.
Based on the Law the following categories of “protected areas” are identified:
 I Category Strict natural reserve/scientific reserve
 II Category National Park
 III Category Nature Monument
 IV Category Nature Managed Reserve/natural park
 V Category Protected Landscape
 VI Category Protected area of managed resources/protected area with multiple uses
According to art. 4/2 of the Law no. 8906 the territory of any “protected area”, shall be divided into sub-
zones, according to the importance of habitats and ecosystems present in the specific areas. The law
distinguishes internal zoning as follows: core zone, sustainable use zone, recreational zone, traditional
use zone, and other sub-zones which suit to the territory.
The zoning shall determine the level of protection of the zone according to the features of the zone,
taking into account the nature of the zone and human activities that take place.
The Law devotes special attention to the management of forests, excluding their utilization for
economic purposes, to waters and other natural resources within the protected areas. It also provides
the legal base for the designation of administrative structures and Management Committees for certain
categories of protected areas.
The Albanian Parliament approved the Law no. 9868 the 04.02.2008 “On some amendments to Law no.
8906", which determines the criteria for proclaiming protected areas designation of Special Areas of
29
Conservation (SAC) of interest to the European Community. This Law also defines the concept of internal
zoning within a protected area, distinguishing among core zone, traditional use zone, sustainable use
zone, recreational zone and other kind of zones based on their characteristics and the human activities.
The designation of protected areas is done through a Decision of Council of Ministers following the
proposal of Minister responsible for environment.
The implementation of Law "On protected areas" as amended was followed by several by-laws
approved by the Council of Ministers including:
 Decision of the Council of Ministers (DCM) No. 676, dated 20.12.2002, “On the declaration as
protected areas of the Albanian monuments of nature”, which declare as protected area the
Albanian monuments of nature listed in Annex attached to it.
 DCM No. 267, dated 24.04.2003, “On proposal and designation procedures for protected area
and buffer zone”;
 DCM No.266, dated 24.4.2003 “On the administration of protected areas”;
 DCM No.86, dated 11.2.2005 “On establishment of management committees on protected
areas”;
 DCM No.519, dated 30.6.2010 “On proposal and approval procedures and rules on
administration of regional natural parks”;
 DCM No.897, dated 21.12.2011 “On approval of rules on designation of Special conservation
areas”.
1.2.1 Regulatory framework for Valbona and Thethi NPs and Gashi Strict Nature Reserve

The Decision of Council of Ministers no.96, dated 21.11.1966 proclaims the natural ecosystem of Thethi
as “National Park” with a surface 2,630 ha. It also describes this park as an area with high aesthetic
recreational and considerable biodiversity values.
As the DCM dates earlier than the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas", the national
park lacks proper legal regulation for the managment.
The DCM does not provide the necessary elements that compose a regulatory framework for this
National Park. More specifically:
a) There is no regulation with regard to the internal zoning pursuant to the law No. 8906 dated
06.06.2002 "On protected areas";
b) There is no description on the positioning of the National Park;
c) There are no specifications on the characteristics of the area;
d) There is no description for the permitted, allowed or prohibited activities in the Park, other than
those provided in the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas" ;
e) The responsible institution in charge for the management of the Park is assigned the Ministry of
Agriculture as the Ministry of Environment did not even exist at that time;

The Decision of Council of Ministers no.102, dated 15.01.1996 proclaims the natural ecosystem of
Valbona Valley as “National Park” with a surface 8,000 ha. It also describes this park as an area with high
aesthetic values and considerable biodiversity values.
30
The DCM does not provide the necessary elements that compose a regulatory framework for this
National Park. More specifically:
b) There is no description on the positioning and boundaries of the National Park;
d) There is no description for the permitted, allowed or prohibited activities in the Park, other than
those provided in the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas";
e) There is no definition of the responsible institutions in charge for the management of the Park.

The Decision of Council of Ministers no.102, dated 15.01.1996 proclaims the natural ecosystem of Gashi
River as “Strict Nature Reserve” with a surface 3,000 ha. It also describes this reserve as an area with
high aesthetic values and considerable biodiversity values.
The DCM does not provide the necessary elements that compose a regulatory framework for this strict
nature reserve. More specifically:
b) There is no description on the positioning and boundaries of the strict nature reserve area;
d) There is no description for the permitted, allowed or prohibited activities in the area, other than
those provided in the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas";
e) There is no definition of the responsible institutions in charge for the management of the strict
nature reserve area.
1.2.2 Stakeholders
A great number of stakeholders, both at central and local level, have an interest, a role or a
responsibility in relation to key questions in the area: biodiversity; nature protection and conservation;
natural disasters and risk management; social-economical development; spatial planning and land
development; sustainable practices and policies for land use; and transborder co-operation.
The involvement of stakeholders is largely recognized as a mechanism that can help to protect and
manage the area effectively. Indeed a collaborative relationship between the site management
authority and the local stakeholders may significantly contribute to solving complex planning questions.
Table 2 below gives an overview of the stakeholders’ in the area, their position in the administration and
management of the nature resources and ecosystem services.
31
Table 2: Stakeholder analyses for the Albanian Alps

No STAKEHOLDERS RESPONSIBILITIES/ INTERESTS
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
- Approve relevant legislation for Protected Areas, environment, biodiversity, fauna and
1 Council of Ministers flora, medicinal plants, forestry, fisheries, mining, renewable resources etc;
- Design Protected Areas and management regime control.
National Territory - Check and approve the compliance of local instruments with national planning
2
Adjustment Council instruments in force.
National Territory - Support the coordination among different planning authorities at both national and
3
Planning Agency local level
- Draft and approve relevant legislation for environmental protection, environmental
permitting, EIA;
- Draft and approve relevant legislation for Protected Areas;
- Prepare and present the necessary documents to the Council of Ministers for issuing
Ministry of Environment
the protection status of a certain area;
- Draft and approve relevant legislation for forestry and forestry services, management
and preserve of fishery resources, water resources, wild fauna and flora including
medicinal plants.
- Administrate and preserve the protected area through the supervision of management
plans implementation, the enforcement of legislation by protected areas
Management Committee administrations and enterprises performing activities in the area, the maintenance of
environmental quality, the promotion of ecological (sustainable) development and the
implementation of requirements for sustainable use of natural resources;
- Administrate and preserve Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks and Strict Nature
Reserve of Gashi River ;
4
- Follow the implementation of management plan of the area;
Administration of
- Follow the implementation of annual programs on monitoring and bio monitoring;
Protected Area/Directory
- Put fines in case of violations and collecting the fines;
of Forestry Services
- Manage forest and pastures in the surrounding area;
- Control the enforcement of legislation in relation to forestry, pastures, protected area,
wild flora and fauna and hunting;
- Issue environmental permits of Type A and B, through NLC;
National Environmental - Advise the local government unit for implementation of environmental policies;
Agency - Enforce provisions of environmental legislation on EIA, environmental permitting,
coordination of monitoring activities.
Regional Environmental
- Issue environmental permits of Type C, through NLC;
Agency
State Inspectorate of
- Ensure the enforcement of legislation on environmental protection, forests, water and
Environment, Forests and
fishery.
Water
Ministry of Transport and
- Invest in waste management facilities, water supply and sewerage
Infrastructure
5
National Inspectorate of - Control the compliance of development and construction with the approved planning
Urban Construction instruments for the area;
Ministry of Agriculture, - Administrate of Agricultural Program and Rural Development;
6 Rural Development and - Define the national policy of drainage and irrigation system;
Water Administration - Administrate of drainage and irrigation systems.
- Draft the relevant legislation for energy and mining;
Ministry of Industry and
7 - Issue permits for energy supply and mining activities through NLC;
Energy
- Take administrative measures.
Ministry of Urban - Promote tourism development;
8 Development and - Policy drafting in sustainable tourism development
Tourism - Ensure and protect sustainable use of touristic resources.
- Preservation of cultural heritage;
9 Ministry of Culture
- Policy drafting in preservation of cultural heritage;
- Monitor the quality of drinking water;
10 Ministry of Health
- Monitor the quality of curative waters.
32
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- Approve planning instruments;
Local Government Unit - Issue development and construction permits, through NLC;
11 (Municipalities, - Approve planning and construction regulations at local level;
Communes) - Provide and maintain public services including water supply and sewerage, integrated
waste management, etc.
Prefecture (Shkoder and
12 - Control legal compliance of decisions taken by LGU
Kukes)
NON PROFITABLE ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS
- Support initiatives in the interest of the local community including sustainable
Non Profitable
13 development of agriculture and other local economic activities, preservation of
Organizations
biodiversity and raising awareness.
LOCAL USERS
- Claim land ownership;
14 Local owners - Benefit from tourism and infrastructure development;
- Maximise their economic profits from different activities.
- Increase the number of livestock;
15 Shepherds - Improve grazing quality of pastures including seasonal burning;
- Enlarge grazing area.
Private businesses (bars, - Increase number of tourists and visitors in the area;
16 restaurants and hotels if - Pay taxes for community services including waste management;
any) - Expand their business activity.
1.2.3 Description of Alps ecological system
Climate
The Alps area is part of the northern Mediterranean highland subzone due to its geographical position,
nature and relief. The climate features in this region is very complicated due to the distinguished variety
of particular areas of the Albanian Alps.
The Alps are the coldest area of Albania; also the most affected area by rain and precipitation during the
year. The mean temperature in January, the coldest month of the year, in the lower parts of the area are
around 0 0C or lower. In the higher altitudes, over 1300 m above sea level, the mean temperature in
January fluctuates between -4 and 6 0C. In the even higher altitudes the mean temperature in January is
-8 0C.
The summer in the Alps is generally cool. The mean temperature in July fluctuates between 15 and 18
0
C, in some areas the temperature rises up to 21 0C. In general the mean temperature in the Alps is
above 0 0C during a period of more than 7-8 months per year. The winther is long in the Alp region, from
December to April.

The climate in the park area is hard with snowfalls during winter that range from 1.5 meters in the lower
parts up to 3 meters in the higher parts of the park.
According to the Albanian climatic classification the zone is part of the northern mountainous
Mediterranean area.
In Thethi village the estimated annual average temperature is around 9.9°C. The mean temperature for
the month of January is 0°C with negligible changes while average July temperature reaches 19.0 ° C
reflecting the mountainous character of climate. Absolute value of the minimum temperature in Theth is
-19.3°C while the absolute maximum is 33.5°C. Icy days registered are 150-170 days a year.
33
Table 3: Air temperature distribution at Thethi
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Annual
Temp. Mean 0.0 1.8 4.1 8.8 14.3 17.0 18.9 19.0 15.9 10.8 6.8 1.8 9.9
Mean minimal -3.4 -1.7 -0.2 4.2 9.0 11.7 13.3 13.4 10.7 6.2 2.7 -1.7 5.4
Mean maximal 3.4 5.4 8.2 13.4 19.4 22.4 24.4 24.7 21.2 15.5 10.8 5.2 14.5
Minimal absolute -19.2 -13.7 -13.0 -5.6 0.5 4.5 4.0 7.6 0.2 -2.5 -11.5 -14.0 -19.3
Maximal absolute 12.4 14.9 21.2 25.6 30.2 30.2 33.5 32 29.5 25.5 19.0 14.2 33.5
The wettest season is the autumn, in which avearge precipitation is 1760mm. During winter season very
minor changes in the average precipitation take place (2-5% less then autumn). However during the
autumn precipitations have the form of rain, which may have great intensity, especially during the
month of October-November, while during the winter season the precipitation is mostly in the form of
snow. The spring season marks the beginning of a gradual reduction in rainfall, reaching up to 563 mm,
while the minimum is reached in summer with only 10% of the annual amount. Number of days with
rainfall observed during the year is between 110-140 days. In the very high altitudes (mountain peaks)
there is permanent snow. The maximum height of the snow layer in the watershed reaches 1.5-2.5 m
but can reach even and 4m. Height of snow depends on the shape of the reliev.

The climate in the park area is characterised by cold winters and fresh summers. Annual rainfall varies
between 2700-3000 mm per year spread over the year with 22% in spring , in summer 8.7%, in autumn
32.3% and in winter 38%. The mean air temperature varies from 7.5 °C in Rragam up to 12 °C in Tropoje.
Minimal temperatures registered are from -16.1 °C to -23.4 °C, and the maximal temperatures are 36.4
°C to 39.9 °C. A thick layer (from 1m to a maximum of 224cm ) of snowfall typically covers the surface
during winter and lasts for some months.

The climate of the reserve, according to Albanian national climatic classification is part of the
Mediterranean Climate North Mountain subzone. This sub area is one of the coldest parts of the
territory. Low temperatures are due to the high altitude above sea level.
In the altitudes between 1000 and 1300 m above sea level the annual average air temperatures is 8 to
11ºC. Minimal average temperatures are observed during the month of January varying from 0 to -3ºC
and in upper part of the catchment range from -4 to -6ºC.
The maximum air temperatures are observed during the month of July and vary from 18 to 21ºC.
Absolute minimum temperatures, observed vary from -10 to -18°C, while the absolute maximum
temperatures from 35 to 37ºC.
Annual rainfall range from 1500 mm in parts of lower and up to about 2000 mm in the higher parts.
It is obvious that during the cold period the atmospheric precipitation in this area are in the form of
snow, which strongly affects on the water regime of Gashi river. The average maximum of snow height is
of 75 to 175 cm.
Geology & Geomorphology

The Albanian Alps from a geological point of view begins at the southern ridge of Shkodra lake following
Vidhgar, thorough Taraboshi mountains, and Shkodra castle and continuoing to the north to Mes-Gjuraj
34
village. After this it takea an eastern direction till Curraj i Eperm village-Bajram Curri town, to the north
to Valbona-Plave-Vermosh finishing in the south near the Shkodra lake (Hani i Hotit place).
The oldest depositions at the Albanian Alps begin with schist, sandstones, conglomerates, and
limestones with fuzilinidae of Permian (age 295 million years). Over the above formations are positioned
the terrigenes, terrigeno- carbonate rocks, limestones, radiolarians siliceous and tuffs and tuffits, algae
limestones and dolomites, slate limestones with siliceous lenses, limestones with megalodonte,
stromatolite limestones of Triassic, (age 250 milion years). At Valbona valley, Markajt Lake, Shtyllen e
Grise, and Vidhgare, between the algae limestones and dolomites and Triassic limestones shown funnels
and bauxite lenses or bauxitic clays. The Alp area is divided into three tectonic zones: Gashi zone, Alps
zone and Cukaline zone. The actual mountainous relief is due to a tectonic movement in the
plioquaternary (1,8 millions years), which is the last tectonic episode of a geological history, which
started in the Mesozoic (70-40 millions years).
Due to this geological history carbonatite rocks occupy the major part of the zone today. Other kind of
rocks are also present as effusive rocks and granitic rocks.

This area is rich in geological formations. The main rocky formations are Carbonates and Porous
formations.
The carbonates formations are represented mainly by limestones and dolomites. However the
limestone formations are the most aboundant. The limestones are present in the forms of simple
limestones and marbles. The flysch formations is sparsely distributed within the park area. Flysch
formations are combined with carbonates and other formations as shales, conglomerates, siliceous
limestones and marbles. These formations are covered by a vegetation, which may vary from 0.2-0.5 m
to 1.5 m according to the geo-morphological construction of the terrain. Often, the limestones are
mixed with clays and conglomerates. Because of the slopes gradient the outcrop of rocks is subject to
erosion. Their distribution is not uniform in the area.
Porous formations (Quaternary – Qp-h): These formations are represented mainly by the alluvial-
proluvial sediments as sands, gravel, silts and limestone intercalation. They are spread in limited zones
in form of aluvions and proluvions. The porous formations are concentrated in Thethi area due to their
morphological shape; usually such formations are washed by the waters and are almost missing. Their
thickness in the entire area, some places rises up to 15-20 m.
Based on the nature of the formation and their geological age, the geologic formations of Thethi
National Park area are listed as follows:
Carbonate formations:
J3k - Upper Jurassic – Kimmeridgian: Limestones with Hydrozoa and corals, limestones with cherts.
J1 - Lower Jurassic: Dolomitized limestones, limestones with Lithiotis, nodular limestones with
ammonites, marls with Possidonnia.
Qp-h – Pleistocene – Holocene: Mixed alluvial-proluvial sediments: sands, gravel, silts.
T1 - Lower Triassic: Limestones, argyle schist, sandstones, and conglomerates.
T2 - Middle Triassic: Shales, limestones, nodular limestones with cherts, siliceous limestones, radiolarites
with tuffs and tuffites. Basic and intermediate acid volcanic intercalations, b. Basic volcanic
35
T3 - Upper Triassic: Limestones with megalodontes, stromatolitic limestones, dolomites.

T2-3 – Black limestones with siliceous
Porous formations:
Qp-h Quaternary - Pleistocene- Holocene: Mixed alluvial-proluvial sediments: sands, gravel, and silt.

The area of Valbona Valley National Park is composed geologically by rocky formations as: Carbonates,
Magmatic and Porous formations.
The carbonates formations are presented mainly by limestones and dolomites with the dominance of
limestones. The limestones are in different shapes varying from simple limestones to marbles; beside
limestones, other formations are present within the park territory, including: flysch formations, shales,
conglomerates, siliceous limestones and marbles. Usually limestones combined with clays and
conglomerates can also be seen within the area. Because of the slopes gradient the outcrop of rocks is
subject to erosion; the distribution of slopes and rock outcrops is not uniform in the area.
The magmatic formations are sparsely distributed within the park area and presented mainly by
volcano-sedimentary rocks. The thickness of vegetative soils on these formations is commonly from 0.5-
1.5 m because of the lack of the forests and the high pendency of the slopes. Their distribution is not
uniform in the area.
Porous formations (Quaternary – Qp-h): These formations are presented mainly by the alluvial-proluvial
sediments as sands, gravel, silts and limestone intercalation. They are spread in limited zones in form of
aluvions, proluvions. These are often washed by the waters. Their thickness in entire area are up to 20-
25 m.
Based on the nature of the formation and their geological age, the geologic formations of Valbona Valley
National Park area are listed as follows:
J1 - Lower Jurassic: Dolomitized limestones, limestones with Lithiotis, nodular limestones with
ammonites, marls with Possidonnia.
with tuffs and tuffites. Basic and intermediate acid volcanic intercalations and Basic volcanic
Cr- Undivided Cretaceous: Limestones, conglomeratic limestones, platy limestones with cherts
Cr2m - Upper Cretaceous: Mastrihtian; Argyle-sandstone-limestone flyschoid alternation.
Magmatic formations:
T2l - Middle Triassic: Anisiane. Basic volcanic (olivine diabaze with titanaugite), intermediate acid-acid
volcanic (trachy liparites, andesite dacites), tuffs, cherts and limestone intercalations
Porous formations:
Qp-h Quaternary - Pleistocene- Holocene: Mixed alluvial-proluvial sediments: sands, gravel, and silt.
36
Strict Natural Reserve of Gashi River

Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve lies over the flysch of Vermoshi unit and subzone of Valbona. The area
is composed by schist’s of the Silurian-Devonian, volcano - sedimentary formation of upper Paleozoic,
conglomerate - sandy formations of "Luma" of Permian - lower Triassic and the lower and medium
Triassic carbonate formation (Anisiane), which is followed by vulcanite of the rift of the upper Anisiane
and tuffs, siliceous pelagic limestones with cherts of Ladiniane and limestone with siliceous of upper
Triassic.
Formations of upper Triassic - lower Jurassic are present in the northern part of Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve, at the border to Montenegro; they are represented by radiolarites limestone, gray white color.
Paleozoic deposits are presented by the Çeremi Slate formation of the Silurian - Devonian, volcano -
sedimentary formation of Gashi dated to Upper Paleozoic and conglomerate-sandstone of the lower
Permian - Triassic.
Devonian-Silurian - (S - D)
Silurian-Devonian deposits meet in the southeastern along the border state at Qafë Bori and Doberdol.
Lower layers are presented by clay and aleurolitic shale, the dark gray color with rare lentils biomicritic,
crinoids limestone, where are met the lower Silurian`s conodonte (Pterospathodus
amorphognathodies).
Upper Paleozoic (Pz2)

Volcano - sedimentary formations of Gashi Rivers Strict Nature Reserve meet in the eastern sector of the
Gashi area, especially between the valleys of the Tropoja and Gashi Rivers. This formation is mainly
constructed from basic vulcanite, generally very metamorphosed and turned into porfiroide. At the top
it goes hand in hand vulcanite - acids median (andesite and dacites) also very metamorphosed. In Lugu i
Vocit (Rupe) near the border between basalt and dacites, andesite are encountered poly metallic
sulphide mineralization. Volcano sedimentary formations meet clay, siliceous shale and levels of
biomicritic crinoid’s limestone, generally very re-crystallized. The apparent thickness of the formation
exceeds 400-500 m.
Lower Permian - Triassic (P - T1)

Conglomerates and the reddish sands are sparsely distributed within the area forming small
transgressive exits over the Silurian-Devonian depositions in Doberdol, Markovçe, etc. Conglomerate
and the reddish sands, which extend at Qafa e Ali Çeles, are considered as transgressive over on volcano
- sedimentary formation.
Quaternary
QP - h Quaternary Pleistocene- Holocene: Mixed alluvial-proluvial sediments: sands, gravel, silts.
with tuffs and tuffites. Basic and intermediate acid volcanic intercalations and Basic volcanic
T2-3 – Black limestones with siliceous
Cr- Undivided Cretaceous: Limestones, conglomeratic limestones, platy limestones with cherts
Cr2m - Upper Cretaceous Mastrihtian: Argyle-sandstone-limestone flyschoid alternation.
J3t- Cr2cm Titonian-Cenomanian: Sandstone marly flyschoid deposits, turbidity limestones.
P - T1 Permian-Lower Triassic: Conglomerates, reddish-grey sandstones
37
Hydrology
The hydrology of the Albanian Alps has an original character. They are distinguished by a highly
developed hydrographic network represented by the water basin of the lake of Shkodra, the Drini, Buna,
Vermoshi, Kiri, Shala and the Valbona Rivers. The rivers in the area flows into the Adriatic Sea. The rivers
contain a large number of endemic animals, primarily fish. The high mountain lakes are largely of a glacial
origin and consequently are poor in endemic species.

The river of Theth originates from Okolli springs, in the northen part of the country. It joins the Kaprres
stream close to the village of Nderlyse,whereafter it forms the river of Shala which ultimately flows into
the artificial Komani lake. Based on geographical classification of our country the Shala River watershed
is in the centre of the Albanian region of the Alps.
The river of Theth is crystal clear and foamy in some places. It flows with a range of 1000-1300 l/sec
(average annual flow 4. 46m3/s) and has an average water temperature of 7 ºC.
The table 4 below provides the average monthly flow at River Thethi.
Table 4 : Average monthly flow at River Thethi
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Annual mean ( m3/s)

Flow 4.76 4.35 4.08 5.81 6.05 4.27 2.07 1.25 2.47 4.71 7.07 6.62 4.46
One of the most distinguished characteristics of this river is the abundance of mountain trout.
The Park contains many other streams named the “Sheep”, “Gurra” and the stream of “Shkafi”. There
are also many watersprings named “Okol”, “Nikgjonaj”, etc. Two of the most sensational parts of the
National Park of Theth is the “Gruna’s Waterfalls” and “Gjeçaj Waterfalls”. The height of the first
reaches 30 meters and the other reaches 24 meters. They both originates from rocky parts in the
mountains.

The Valbona River is the longest and biggest river in the area. It is still relatively untouched. Its source is
located near the border to Montenegro.
The Valbona River is one of the main branches of Drini River. Its catchment area is situated in the Central
and Easter part of Albanian Alps. The catchment area borders at west with Shala and Curraj rivers, at
south-east with Skatina creek and at south with the artificial lake of the Komani hydro-power plant,
where it flows. At north and east it borders with Montenegro and Kosovo.
The river flows generally east through the municipality Margegaj (mountain villages Valbonë, Dragobi
and Shoshan), then turns south along Bajram Curri, and continues southwest until it flows out into the
river Drin, near Fierzë. It is one of the cleanest rivers in the country.
The Valbona River springs from Lugu Valit at an altitude of 2589 m a.s.l. The total area of the catchment
is 657 km2, and the river is long 50.6 km. Its mean altitude is 1358m above the sea level.
The karst is important in this catchment area and its influence is reflected by a number of springs as
Kollata present at the right of the river flow with a water discharge varying from 500 l/s to 1000 l/s;
Vrella Bajram Mani in the south-west of Hajdaraj Dragobi village and Shoshani spring on the left side of
the water flow, are considered one of the most important springs of all the basin with a discharge 3-5
m3/s with a maximum of 10 m3/s.
38
In the Valbona River discharge two important branches: Gashi and Tropoja River.
From Rragami village up to Valbona (Selimaj) village for about 7 km, the water course has a temporary
flow this because of water losses through the gravel bed of the river. After the Valbona village there are
a number of creeks discharging into the river from its left side as Çeremit creek long about 10 km and an
area of 34 km2. Downstream the number of creeks increase from both sides. In general in the section up
to Dragobi there are a number of karstic that contribute to the flow rate of Valbona river.
Analyzing the data it is evident that Valbona River has a mix nivo-pluvial regime. The influence of the
snow is more pronounced in the northen part of the catchement area. The maximum observed flow
occures during the spring period (April May) and this is due to the melting of the snow. Another
maximum period is observed in the winter time November, December and January and this is related
with precipitation that produces high water level in the river.
The table below provides the average monthly flow in the river.
Table 5: Average monthly water flow at Valbona River
Annual
Location/Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Mean (m3/s)
Valbona Dragobi 8.74 7.50 8.33 14.5 19.9 14.3 7.38 4.30 4.33 6.93 10.96 10.56 9.81
Valbona B. Curri 17.6 16.0 17.7 32.9 42.1 28.0 13.1 7.7 11.5 15.5 24.6 24.1 20.9
Valbona Gri 34.1 33.1 31.8 45.9 57.3 39.7 19.4 11.3 14.1 24.2 40.6 39.1 32.6
Bushtrica Sopot 4.46 5.30 4.56 4.72 5.33 3.13 0.90 0.62 0.91 2.40 5.78 4.96 3.59

The Gashi River is a branch of the Valbona River. It is situated on the east part of the Albanians Alps and
within the Valbona catchment area. The Gashi watershed lies in the northeast of the eastern Alps. It
starts from the glacial valley of Doberdol at an altitude of 1600m, and ends at Valbona River near the
Margegaj village at the quota about 244 m above sea level. In general the water line of Gashi River
watershed is characterized by mountain ridges with height over 2000 m above sea level.
The total area of its catchment area is 160 km2, a length of 27 km and the average slope of the river is
80%.
In the most upstream of Gashi River there are a number of glacial lakes as Dashi, who ranks third in size
and ranks first in elevation in all the Alps (2175 m above sea level). Its total length is about 275m, while
the maximum width reaches 255m. He is mainly supplied by snow waters and this is the reason why
water levels have a small fluctuation, from 1.3 to 1.6 m.
Analyzing the data it is evident that the Gashi River has a mix nivo-pluvial regime. The maximum
observed occure during the spring period (April May) and this is the water comming from the melting of
the snow. Another maximum period is observed in the winter time November, December and January
and this is related with the rany precipitation that produce high water level in the river.
The table below provides the average monthly flow in the river.
39
Table 6: Average monthly water flow at Gashi River
Annual
Location/Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mean
(m3/s)
Gashi 2.65 3.23 3.95 6.38 6.82 3.56 1.21 0.71 0.69 1.66 3.51 2.82 3.10
Vegetation coverage
The habitats in the area are influenced by the varible climate conditions in the area. Looking to the
vertical distribution of the vegetation types in the Alps area, the following three zones can be
distinguished from each other:
 The oak zone starts at altitudes about 400 m and reaches up till 800 m. The oak zone is mainly
spread in the hilly and pre-mountainous regions. The main representatives among mesophile
species are: turkey oak (Quercus cerris), and xerophile oak species like pubescent oak (Q.
pubescens), and common oak (Q. fraineto). The presence of chestnut (Castanea sativa) is
characteristic for this zone also, located especially in Tropoja and in the valley of Kiri, Rrjodhi
and Reçi. In the higher parts of this zone, in the section where oak meets beech, there are found
some endemic species like Ranunculus hayekii, and rare ones like Viola kosanini (Gorge of
Rapshe).
 The beech zone is located between 700-1900 meters of altitude. The beech forests occupies the
major part in this zone, as seen in the areas of Vermoshi, Cukali, Thethi, Fushzezë, etc. In this
zone, except for beech (Fagus sylvatica), in altitudes over 1400 m, some other tree species are
present like maple tree (Acer obtusatum), fir (Abies alba), Bosnian pine tree (Pinus leucodermis)
and Norway spruce (Picea abies).
 The alpine pastures zone is situated above the beech zone. This zone consists of herbaceous
plants with a high presence of species from family Graminaceae and some shrub species like
Salix setosa, Dryas octopetala, Daphne oleoides, Arctostaphillos uva-ursi, Juniperus communis
subsp. nana etc. In this zone the presence of endemic species are characteristic, like Ligusticum
albanicum (Bjeshkët e Namuna), Petasites doerfleri (Bjeshkët e Namuna, Jezercë), and of about
50 sub-endemic species: Asperula doerfleri, Silene macrantha, Edrianthus serpyllifolius,
Aquilegia dalmatica, Wulfenia carinthiaca (blecici).
1.2.4 Description of Alps socio-economic system
The Alps have a population of around 35,000 inhabitants (about 9,750 families) spread out in ten
mountainous sparsely populated communes (Tropojë, Margegaj, Lekbibaj, Kelmend, Shkrel, Shalë, Pult,
Temal, Shllak, Shosh).
According to official statistics there is a lack of job opportunities with a high unemployment rate. This
coupled with a poor state of infrastructure (road connection, water and waste water/waste
management, health and education facilities, flood protection) form a major obstacle to the
development of this region, leading to deteriation of social conditions, which highly influences the
depopulation of the area, which is taking place. Indeed inhabitants of this region have tendency to
migrate to seek work and a little more comfort in the region of Shkodra and Koplik or Tirana, but, during
the summer, they return, thus demonstrating their attempts to develop family tourism.
40
A part of the young people has had the tendency to immigrate to other countries, but in recent years,
they have returned to invest in their country. As the year-round population declines there are few state
or local government employees such as teachers. Local income comes from agriculture, farming, semi-
illegal forestry and tourism.
Agricultural and livestock production is the primary economic activity for the residents in the Alps area.
Gastronomy, closely connected with the local products, is one of the traditional values of the area and is
favouring the development of tourism. The traditional local products are cheese, milk and other diary
products, meat products, honey, berries and medical herbs. In the villages, the tradition of crafting and
decorating small wooden objects still exists. Therefore, the shepherds decorate their crooks,
distaffs, spindles, etc. Others, more skilled in the art, construct baby cribs, traditional chairs, musical
instruments, wooden boxes, etc.
The women are also expert artisans in wool processing, and they can skillfully produce various items,
such as woolen covers, different clothing items for their family members, etc.
Land tenure
The areas covered by the protected areas extend on state-owned, communes-owned and privately-
owned lands.
The ownership and administration of forests and pastures has been transferred to communes following
the adoption of new legislation5. However, forest and pasture lands transferred to the communes are
not entirely included within the protected areas boundaries. Indeed, most of the transferred surfaces
are outside the protected areas (Map 3).
The Table below provides data about the surface of forests and pastures transferred to Communes in
the Albanian Alps area.
Table 7: Forest & pasture lands transferred to Communes within the Albanian Alps area
Region Commune Forest (ha) Pasture (ha) Law

Shkoder Shale 4324 DCM 512 dated 23.04.2008
Shkrel 17123 2918 DCM 406 dated 8.04.2008
Kukes Margegaj 1559 DCM 327 dated 19.03.2008
Bujan 1137.9 DCM 649 dated 21.05.2008
Tropoje 3747 DCM 473 dated 16.04.2008
The communal forests are under the property and management of the respective Communes within the
Albanian Apls area. However, management is limited, as the Communes do not have sufficient
experience to execute correctly their functions in relation to forestry management. The result of this is
degraded forests; pressure and damage to ecosystems, habitat and wildlife in the protected area.
5
The following legal framework is the baseline for the ownership and administration of forest and pastures transferred to
Communes:
 Law no. 8744, dated 22.2.2001 "On the transfer of the state's public immovable property to the local government
units", amended, (Articles 2, 3 and 17),
 Law no. 9385, dated 4.5.2005 "On Forests and forest service", amended, (Article 23) and
 DCM No. 396, dated 21.6.2006 "On the criteria for the transfer and use of forests by local government units"
41
Table 8: Land ownership in Thethi National and Valbona National Parks, Gashi River Srict Reserve and Planned
area Albanian Alps National Park
Thethi National Valbona Valley Planned Albanian Alps

Gashi River Srict Reserve
Park National Park National Park
Commune owned
967 1265,7414
land
State and Private
2630 7033 1968 1032 35305,892
owned land
Total 2630 8000 1968 1032
Total commune 2630 9968 1060 36571,633
Total PAs 2,630 8,000 3,000 36571,633

The National Park area is located on state-owned and privately-owned lands (see Map 3).
The state and private owns about the 100% of the total surface of the park, this includes: water bodies,
industrial/economic areas and a small part of forests and pastures.

The National Park area is located on state-owned, commune-owned and privately-owned lands (see
Map 3).
The state and private owns about 94% of the total surface of the park, this includes: water bodies,
industrial/economic areas, forests and pastures.

The Strict Nature Reserve area is located on state-owned, commune-owned and privately-owned
lands (see Map 3).
The state and private owns about the 99% of the total surface of the reserve, this includes: water
bodies, industrial/economic areas, forests and pastures.
44% of the reserve area is under the ownership of the Communes of Margegaj, while 56% is under
Tropoje.
42
Map 3: Communal and state owned land in Thethi and Valbona National Parks and Gashi River natural reserve
43

The main sector of the local economy in the area is agriculture. The most important traditional land- and
natural use of resources for the local inhabitants include sheep breeding and extensive grazing of
mountain meadows and pastures, hay mowing, farming and animal husbandry (sheep, cows and goats),
fresh fruit, potato and vegetables production, beekeeping, medicinal plant and berry collection.
Agriculture has mainly in the form of small, family-run alpine farming, i.e. summer grazing of livestock
up on the alpine pastures (June to September) and winter sheltering down in the valleys.

Even though Thethi is outstretched over a large territory, its agricultural land is limited. The average land
per person is two thousand square meters. The land is fertile and well-watered. The climate is favorable
for growing maize, potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, aubergines, onions, garlics, pease,
cabbages, the beans of Shala with high organic values, apples, pears, plumbs, cherries, quinces,
chestnuts, strawberries and grapes of which is produced homemade wine and raki.

Honey, raki (plum or grape brandy), dried wild mushrooms and herbal teas (çaj mali, an aromatic
mountain tea), berries for jams, medical herbs and ewes’ milk cheese and yoghurt, as well as nearly all
sorts of fruits and vegetables are the region’s main products.

Farming and livestock are the main employment options in the surroundings of Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve, where shepherds and stockbreeders are foucused at barely sustaining their families.
Tourism
Due to the mountainous landscape the Alps offers potential for the development of a wide range of
mountain tourism activities, which can take place during the cold winter season (white tourism) and
during the warm season (green tourism). Tourist activities such as winter sports, tracking, climbing,
excursions, eco-tourism, fishing in rivers and creeks, tent tourism, mountain biking, etc.
The local population is very friendly. Many of them have already begun to receive tourists from Albania
and abroad in their own private houses.

Thethi National Park is characterized by its natural biodiversity such as forests, alpine and sub alpine
In a few places, like ThethI, tourism has been revitalized by recreational hiking. With the help of GTZ, 40
private houses (also referred to as Guest Houses, or Han in Albanian) have been transformed into tourist
accommodations or B&Bs. Additionally, hiking trails have been marked and trail maps and travel guides
published. Lakes such as Plav and Hrid also receives many tourists during the summer months. In many
villages there are small hydropower plants that supply the village with electricity.
44

Valbona Valley National Park is an important touristic attraction.
Valbona Valley is the most popular destination for locals and foreigners alike when visiting the Alps. The
valley is dominated by high mountains which offers fantastic views and varying colorful, seasonal
panoramas. Valbona River flows through an attractive landscape, composed by forests, pastures,
diversity of plants and characteristic houses.
The nature of this park is full of varieties suitable for tourism, fishing, relaxation, amusing and mountain
climbing as well as winter sports. Traditional hospitability is particular within the area. Tourists can walk
among the wonderful nature, make excursions and exercise different sports as climbing, trekking, riding
horses etc.

Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve offers natural old forests and pastures which are combined with clear
and cold waters of the area. The Gashi Valley is the path to the top of Shkelzeni Mountain. The
Doberdoli glacier is the source of the Gashi River, a tributary of the Valbona River. The valley is known
for its natural beauty meandering through narrow and attractive ravines.
At one point, the valley is so narrow it becomes a gorge. The slopes of the valley are covered with oak
and beech forests and especially coniferous forests. This is the habitat of many wild animal species such
as bear, wild goat, wolf, squirrel and eagle.
1.2.5 Current governance structure in the protected area
Law no. 8906, dated 6.6.2002, “On protected areas” as amended, distinguishes six different categories
of protected areas, corresponding to those of IUCN. Accordingly the National Parks of Thethi and
Valbona Valley are protected under the second category6 and the Strict Nature Reserve of Gashi River is
protected under first category7. Pursuant to art. 6/2 of the Law in the national parks the second level of
protection shall be implemented and pursuant to art. 5/2 of the Law the first level of protection shall be
implemented in strict nature reserve areas.
Tables 9 and 10 below provides an overview of forbidden and allowed activities within national parks
and within strict nature reserve areas.
6
Category II National Park includes areas of natural geological or geomorphologic features; culturally-influenced natural features; natural
cultural sites; or cultural sites with associated ecology. The classification then falls into two subcategories, those in which the biodiversity in
uniquely related to the conditions of the natural feature, and those in which the current levels of biodiversity are dependent on the presence of
the sacred sites that have created an essentially unmodified ecosystem (IUCN 2008).
7
Category I Strict Nature Reserve is an area which is protected from all but light human use in order to preserve the geological and
geomorphical features of the region and its biodiversity. These areas are often home to dense native ecosystems that are restricted from all
human disturbance outside of scientific study, environmental monitoring and education. Because these areas are so strictly protected, they
provide ideal pristine environments by which external human influence can be measured (IUCN 2008).
45
Table 9: Prohibited and allowed activities within the National Parks of Thethi and Valbona Valley
PROTECTED LEVEL OF
CATEGORY PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES ALLOWED ACTIVITIES
AREA PROTECTION
 Land use with intensive technology,
with means and manners that cause
fundamental changes in biodiversity,
structure and functions of ecosystems
or that damage irreversibly the land
surface;
 Neutralization of wastes of an origin
outside the territory of the national  The activities that aim to
park; change the natural state of
water reservations,
 Dissemination of non-country animals
sources, lakes and
and plants in case when they bring
wetlands systems;
changes in the area biodiversity;
 The activities for the
 Intensive reproduction of hunting
establishment and
animals with exception of saving
reproduction; functioning of facilities for
military and protection
 Construction of roads, motor-ways,
purposes;
railways, urban areas, lines of high
 Scientific, research and
voltage and long distance systems of
II National Park Second monitoring programs;
diesel and gas;
 Scientific, research,
 Washing and sprinkling of roads with
archaeological,
chemicals;
paleontological activities
 Planting of monoculture forests ;
and to carry such
 Light of fires outside the perimeter of
discoveries;
assigned places;
 Utilization and temporary
 Circulation of transport means out of
storage of agricultural
the assigned roads;
chemicals;
 Hunting;
 Any other activity that is
 Mining of minerals, stones, turfs, with
not prohibited explicitly by
exception of gravel and sand for the
the law.
maintenance of the park;
 Massive sports and tourism activity
outside the assigned places;
 Organization of rallies with
automobiles and motorbikes.
 Any other activity which is prohibited
explicitly by the law
46
Table 10: Prohibited and allowed activities within the Strict Nature Reserve of Gashi River
PROTECTED LEVEL OF
CATEGORY PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES ALLOWED ACTIVITIES
AREA PROTECTION
 Wood and bush cutting;
 Use of chemicals and pesticides;
 All sorts of constructions;
 Mineral and turf extraction;
 Hunting and Fishing;
 Fire lighting;
 Grazing, passage of pets and
construction of facilities for their
 The required activities are
Strict Nature maintenance;
I First subject to environmental
Reserve  Establishment of recreational, permit.
entertainment and sports facilities;
 Use of vehicles with the exception of
PA administration vehicles and fire
rescue vehicles;
 Sailing with boat, canoe and other
sailing tools;
 Intensive reproduction of animals for
hunting.
An overall management plan covering the whole of the Albanian Alps area is not available at the
moment. Only sectorial management plans (e.g., Communal Forest Management Plans) exist. The forest
plan does not include nature conservation considerations and management. The interaction between
the different plans (regional spatial plans, master plans, protected areas management plans, etc.) is
however not clear.
At present Thethi National Park is under the management of the Directoriy of Forestry Service in
Shkodra, while Valbona Valley National Park and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve are under the
management of Directoty of Forestry Service in Kukes/Tropoja Section.
Directory of Forestry Service in Kuksi is composed by three sections: Section of Tropoja, Section of Kukes
and Section of Has.
Tropoja section is composed by inspectorate (head of inspectorate, 2 forest inspectors, 1 environmental

inspector and 1 water inspector) and Management Sector (head of sector, 1 protected area specialist, 1
extention specialist, 3 rangers, 1 maintenance employee and 1 office guard).
The Directory of Forestry Service in Shkodra is composed by Section of Forest Administration and
Service, Section of Shkodra, Section of Malesi e Madhe and Section of Puka. Section of Forest
Administration and Service is composed by Advisory sector (head of sector and 4 specialists), Protected
area sector (head of sector and 2 specialists), Sector of Supporting Services (1 finance specialist, 1 legal
specialist, 1 protocol specialist, 1 driver, office guard and cleaning person).
The Directories of Forestry Services are responsible for law enforcement in the protected areas.
The mayors of the Communes, local NGOs, private sector representatives and residential population of
the protected areas have limited information related to the protected areas, their administration and
legal framework; co-operation among local stakeholders is also limited. The increase of the operational
47
capacities of the forestry and park rangers it is also a need as it could possibly prevent or mitigate
further damages to the biological diversity of the region, caused by illegal human activities such as forest
lodging and timber harvesting, inducing induced forest fires, illegal fishing, dumping of waste, overusing
the resources of medicinal and aromatic plant species, or poaching the animal and bird species of the
common European conservation importance.
1.2.6 Description of cultural landscape and heritage
The cultural heritage in the Alps area includes landscapes, characteristic houses and monuments, as well
as dialects, traditional clothes, local customs, legends, traditions and the way of living; very
characteristic for the region as a result of the isolated way of leaving for the local population. The people
of the Alpine region were so isolated from the rest of the country that developed and enforced their
own customary code: the the Kanun8. The Kanun regulates all aspects of the mountainous life: economic
organization of the household, hospitality, brotherhood, clan, boundaries, work, marriage, land, and so
on. It passed on from one generation to another and is still perpetuated and partially observed by local
population. The legal framework is based on the concepts of family honor and breaches thereof. The
patriarchal social structure gives the head of the family extensive powers and authority that include
imposition of punishments. The Kanun reflects the austere, ethnic reality of the mountain dwellers,
aspects of which are still occasionally visible to visitors even today.
Traditional clothing consists of “xhubleta” for women, and “xhamadani” and “tirqet” for men. Women
use traditional veils; brides use red veils with light colors, whereas the other women use black veils tied
to the throat. Men use woolen traditional hat called “kësulë”.
Characteristic houses are built from stones and their wooden roofs, built from wooden stripes, are very
steep to avoid snow. The windows are very small and have protective loopholes. The houses are 2-3
floors high, with stairs located at the external part of the house that take you up to the second floor
because the first floor is usually reserved to animals. The second floor is used as the guest room and for
other members of the family.
In the villages, the tradition of crafting and decorating small wooden objects still is widely spread among
the villagers. Thus, the shepherds decorate their crooks, distaffs, spindles, etc., while others, more
skilled in the art, construct baby cribs, traditional chairs, musical instruments, wooden boxes, etc.
Cultural, historical and nature monuments

In the area of the proposed Albanian Alps National Park are appointed 26 Nature Monuments (Category
III of the Protected Areas in Albania) as follows (the numbering is linked with their location on Map 1):

Geo-Monument
 Maja e Harapit Cave (20): situated 840 m above sea level, near the peak of Harapi, close to
Thethi, is a limestone cave formed from the Trias-jurasit over 3 km, while the width and height
to 20-30 m, with water wells, micro-forms siphons and carst.
8
The Franciscan friar Shtjefën Gjeçovi (1874-1929) codified the Kanun, the Code of Lekë Dukagjin, which until that time existed only as an oral
tradition. The 12 chapters of the code cover all key areas of life, including marriage, transfer of property, honor and criminal law.
48
Hydro Monument
 Thethi Fall (4): Situated near the village of Thethi about 900 m above sea level. Waterfalls above
30 m, with stunning views, especially on sunny days, when als a rainbow can be seen.
 Okoli Sources (9): Situated near the village of Thethi, near the Thethi River, about 900 m above
sea level. The Source comes in contact with limestone-schist, with length about 20 m.
 Shtraze Sorces (11): Situated near the village of Theth, the spring comes out in the same point
where the Thethi River starts. Here water bubbles up from underground over an area of many
square meters.
 Jezerca Lake (15): 1200 m above the sea level is a glacial lake, about 20 ha, with water as crystal,
the surface freezing during winter. Forms the alpine ecosystem of the lake.
 Valbona Sources (21)

Bio-Monument
 Rragami Fir (10)
 Flagging glacial Valley of Kukaj (16)
 Slab of Pecmarra (18)
 Birch of Lugut i Zi (25)
Geo-Monument
 Fluvio – glacial depositd of Shoshan (1)
 Shoshani Canyon (3): situated near of Shoshanit Bridge, at Valbona valley, 400 m on the sea
level. Formed from calcareous, the river’s erosion and the carst, is 1.1 km long, 30-40 m deep,
and 2,5 m wide.
 Glacial Valley of Motina (8): situated among the mountain of Irons and the Open outfall (Grykët
e Hapura), at Margegaj, 1100 m on the sea level. It is a hanging glacial-carstic valley during the
tectonic process. 2.5 km long, 100-150 m wide.
 Fluvio – glacial deposits of Shemtine (12)
 Dragobia Cave - Shpella e Dragobisë (13): situated near of Dragobia village, is known also like
the Cave of Bajram Curri, a national hero. 1200 m above the sea level. It has carstic forme, 8 m
long, 3-4 wide and 2-4 high.
 Dragobia Nut (17)
 Quku i Dunishes source (19)
 Haxhia Cave - Shpella e Haxhisë (23): Situated on Maja e Thatë, near of Valbona village, at
Margegaj, 1630 m on the sea level. It is formed from the carsti along the crossing of tectonic
variations. It is discovered so far the entrance 2-3 m and the length about 120 m.
 Vranica beech (24)
Hydro-Monument
 Shoshani Source (2)
 Ice Cave - Shpella e Akullit (22): situated near of Valbona village, at Margegaj, 2230 m on the sea
level. It is formed from the glacial-carstic processes along the crossing of tectonic variations. The
explored length is about 250 m. Is 50 m wide and 10-15 m high.

Hydro-Monument
 Glacial Lakes of Sylbica (26)
49
Planned Albanian Alps National Park

Bio-Monument
 Flagging glacial Valley of Kukaj (16)
 Webbed Willow (14)
Geo-Monument
 Grunasi Canyon (5): located in the village of Thethi, is formed by the carst and the river of Thethi
in limestone rocks, is about 1.8 km long, 40-60 m wide deep about 4-6 m. It has tourist, geo-
morphological and scientific values.
 Katarakti Cave (6): located near Thethi village, known also with the names: "Where water
breaks the neck”, Grunasi waterfall, and Water’s cave. It is in limestone carst cave 170 m long,
with galleries, wells, extensions of shrinking, siphon water. It has tourist, geo-morphological and
scientific values.
 Thethi Cave (7): situated near the village of Thethi, is a carst cave in the trias-jurasi calcareous,
150 m long, with narrowing and extensions, ramifications, and attractive wells.
 Fluvio – glacial deposits of Shemtine (12)
Some other important cultural historical buildings are present in the area, including:
 Sadri Luka’s house in Okol
 The church at Theth (1892), a simple rectangular design with an apse behind the choir, was sited in
the most beautiful part of the valley and is most certainly worth a visit.
 Kulla e Ngujimit (‘Isolation Tower’), probably dating from the nineteenth century and built at a
prominent location, is a multistory residential tower.
 Mulliri i Kolajve (Kola Mill) is a small wooden construction beside a bridge, powered by a water
conduit from the River Theth.
 The Old Dragobi Mosque,built in the early 20th century, located onthe road to Valbona, has a
square form and a roof covered and constructed of wood.
50
PART 2: EVALUATION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA AND

ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Assessment of Values
2.1.1 Ecological values
Habitats in the protected areas

The Albanian Alps area comprises a variety of mountainous landscapes, including high mountain peaks
towering up to 2694 m (Jezerca Mountain), postglacial relief shapes, deep gorges, and rock formations.
The size and features of the area, such as geomorphologic, geological, soil and microclimatic features,
together with the diversified mountain relief, high elevation difference and abundance of mountain
streams and postglacial lakes, are the main factors influencing the diversity of habitats and species.
The altitude range in the Albanian Alps area varies between 1000 and 2694 m above the sea level; such
variations are reflected in the variability of climatic factors and presence of different altitudinal
vegetation zones, from the deciduous oak forests in lower locations to the mesophyllous broadleaved or
mixed forest belt up to the Alpine pastures and meadows.
Albanian Alps area is dominated by forest coverage; forests and forest lands occupy approximately 60
per cent of the total area, while the 40 per cent of the area is occupied by mountain meadows and rocky
areas. of the abundance of agricultural areas in the total territory of the Albanian Alps area, is not
significant, as the soil features and the cold mountainous climate condition with long harsh winters, do
not favour an intensive agriculture development in the area.
The alpine pastures and meadows in Albanian Alps area have a high abundance. Pastures and meadows
comprise mostly herbaceous plants; while shrubs are rarelydistributed in small patches. Based on the
ecological conditions and the bedrock structure, the area hosts different vegetation communities
dominated by Festuca paniculata Alopecurus gerardii, Festuca panciciana, Poa alpina, Astragalus
angustifolius, Koeleria splendens, Sesleria tenerrima, S. coerulans etc.
It is worthy to mention among few dwarf shrubs that occasionally create apparent plant communities,
Juniperus communis subsp. nana , Daphne oleoides, Salix retusa, Dryas octopetala, Vaccinium myrtillus.
Specific habitats of alpine pastures and meadows in the area are represented by screes, rock crevices
and ledges; such habitats are of a high magnitude due to the optimal site for the growth of many rare or
endemic species of Albania and Balkans, such as Ligusticum albanicum, Trifolium wettsteinii, Narthecium
scardicum, Lilium albanicum, Petasites doerfleri, Wulfenia baldaccii etc.
Alpine meadows and pastures habitat harbour a high number of different plant associations, making an
important habitat in the Albanian Alps area, considering biodiversity and landscape values, and the
management of wild fauna species populations.
The slopes below the alpine meadows are mostly covered by deciduous forests, such as Fagus sylvatica,
mixed forests composed by Abies alba and Pinus nigra.
51
Other tree species part of the forest ecosystems in the Alps territory are Acer pseudoplatanus, Ostrya
carpinifolia, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Populus tremula, Betula pendula, Juniperus oxycedrus.
Valbona Valley area hosts the Albania’s largest tree stands of the Norway spruce (Picea abies),
considered as unique forest habitat of Albania, and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) treestands rare for
Albania. In the higher altitudes within the protected area are found endemic and relict
Balkan/Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce) and endemic Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii ssp. leucodermis). In
some patches, especially on the tree line are found small groups of individuals of mountain pine (Pinus
mugo).
In low altitude are commonly covered by deciduous oak forests, which comprise a large important
natural forest fond in Albanian Alps territory. Such forests are present usually in floodplains, lowlands
and hilly sites, while in the mountainous sites they are combined with beech forest (Fagus sylvatica).
Vertical and horizontal distribution of oak species depends on temperature and moisture gradient
respectively; thus oak forests are found from at intermediate climatic sites to very warm climatic sites
avoiding completely the high elevations. On the other hand, oak forests are dominant at both dry and
wet sites. Quercus petraea, Q. cerris (together with Carpinus betulus) are the main dominant species of
moderately dry sites, while the most xerophilous communities are often dominated by Q. pubescens and
Q. frainetto.
One of the habitat scattered often in the area of degradation of former oak forests, is the scrubland
dominated by Carpinus orientalis. This kind of vegetation is characterised by common plant species
typical of fragmented oak forest, among which can be mentioned: Coryllus avellana, Buxus
sempervirens, Acer platanoides, Cornus mas, Cotinus coggygria, Crataegus monogyna, Fraxinus ornus,
Juniperus oxycedrus, Ostrya carpinifolia, etc.
Based on the previous research studies in Albanian Alps area, 40 plant communities are identified. [1].
The predominating habitats in the area are illustrated on the Map 3 below. For the habitats
categorization in the protected areas within the Albanian Alps is used the Corine land cover. The Corine
data related to the habitats of Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve have been verified in the field.
The habitats in the area give rise to a diverse community of flora and fauna. Diverse habitats are
harbouring various plant species, plant associations and vast fauna groups making the habitats rather
complex in the area. Vertebrates are present by all groups as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals.
A full list of animal and plants present in the Albanian Alps area is provided in Annex VI. The Table below
presents the habitat types present in Thethi and Valbona Valley National Park, and Gashi River Strict
Nature Reserve protected areas. In the table are shown the habitat types according Natura 2000
classification, respective code and the habitat name in Albanian language within the Albanian Alps area.
52
Table 11: Habitat types in Albanian Alps area according Natura 2000 classification
Code Habitat type Albanian name

* Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron * Shkorretë me Pinus mugo dhe Rhododendron
4070
hirsutum (Mugo- Rhododendretum hirsuti) hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti)
Formacione të qendrueshme kserotermofile me
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus
5110 bush (Buxus sempervirens) në shpate shkëmbore
sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.)
(Berberidion p.p.)
Kullota alpine dhe subalpine në vende shkëmbore
6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
gëlqeore
Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic Shpate shkëmbore gëlqerore me vegjetacion
8210
vegetation hazmofitik
Pyje ahu të karakterizuara nga asoc. Asperulo-
9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
Fagetum
91BA Moesian silver fir forests Pyje bredhi moesianë
*Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus * Pyje aluvionalë me Alnus glutinosa dhe Fraxinus
91E0 excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion
albae) albae)
Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-
91L0 Pyje ilirike dushku dhe shkoze (Erythronio-Carpinion)
Carpinion)
Pyje të përzier dushqesh {kryesisht qarri (Quercus
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak –sessile oak
91M0 cerris), shparthi (Q. frainetto) dhe bunge (Q.
forests
petraea)} të Panonisë dhe Ballkanit.
Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to Pyje acidofilë me Picea të zonave malore deri alpine
9410
alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea) (Vaccinio-Piceetea)
Pyje mesdhetarë pishash të zonave të larta malore
95A0 High oro-Mediterranean pine forests të dominuara nga arneni (Pinus peuce) dhe rrobulli
(Pinus heldreichii)
53
Map 4: Habitat map of Albanian Alps area according Natura 2000
54
Flora and vegetation of Albanian Alps

According to the previous studies and researches on the flora diversity – the flora of the Albanian Alps
area comprises over 1500 vascular plant species, including around 100 species of medicinal plants, a
high number of relicts, endemic and sub-endemic species, as well as 70 endangered, critically
endangered and rare species. The flora of Albanian Alps territory constitutes approximately 43 % of the
entire flora of Albania. Beside plants with economic values such as pasture plants, medicinal and
aromatic plants, etc., special value for the flora of this area have endemic, rare and relict species. These
plants require specific ecological factors and usually grow in environments, such as ravines, canyons,
springs and rocky peaks.
Endemic species of Albanian Alps area constitute 40 % of all endemic species of Albania and 0.7 % of the
Alps flora. The most of them (c. 90 %), such as Ligusticum albanicum, Sanguisorba albanica, Petasites
doerfleri, Lunaria telekiana etc., have their areal only within the Albanian Alps territory. Some of these
species are limited to a single station/site and are very vulnerable to extinction as Wulfenia baldaccii
(Shtegu i dhenve), Sanguisorba albanica (Seferçe), etc.
In the Alps have their limit of distribution species: southern most limit Ranunculus thora, Aquilegia
dinarica, Silene reichenbachii, Botrychium matricariifolium etc.; western limit Pulsatilla halleri, Silene
frivaldszkyana, Rumex balcanicus etc.; northern limit Minuartia baldaccii, etc.
The diverse and rich flora of Albanian alps encompasses a high number of rare, relict and Balkan
endemic species, including Wulfenia baldaccii, Dioscorea balcanica, Lunaria telekiana, Achillea
grandifolia, Minuartia baldaccii, Plantago reniformis, Scrophularia bosniaca, Teucrium arduini, Trifolium
pilczzi, Aesculus hippocastanum, Viola kosanini, Ligusticum albanicum, Pulsatilla halleri, Taxus bacata,
Acer hyrcanum, Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, Atropa bella-dona, Colchicum autumnale, Convallaria majalis,
Fritillaria messanensis, Gentiana lutea, Polygonum albanicum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Aconitum
lamarckii, Alkana scardica, Athamanta turbith, Campanula albanica, Centaurea candelabrum, Crepis
bertiscea, Petasites doerfleri, Plantago reniformis, Sanguisorba albanica, Saxifraga scardica, Wulfenia
carinthiaca, Astragalus fialae.

National Park “Lugina e Valbones” was established in Albania on 15 January 1996 by the Decision of
Council of Ministers No. 102. The area of the national park encompasses 8’000 ha, its administration
operates within the organizational framework of the Directorate of Forestry Service of Tropojë district.
The national park is located in the highest part of the ‘Albanian Alps’ at the border with Montenegro.
The park protects the upper section of the Valbona River valley, special for its morphology, landscape
phenomena, forests, plant and animal species, and for its unique scenic values. The valley spreading in
the south from the highest peak of the whole Albanian Alps range, Mt. Maja Jezercë (2 694 m) was
formed by glaciers and tectonic detachments.
The Valbona River has its springs on the eastern slope of Qafa e Valbones, and right after the Waterfall
of Valbona the river disappears under the calcareous gravel on a seven-kilometer along riverbed section.
National Park “Lugina e Valbones” encompasses one of the most afforested valleys of the ‘Albanian
Alps’, covered by either beech or spruce forests, with several treestands made of Scots pine (Pinus
sylvestris), Black pine (Pinus nigra) and the European silver fir (Abies alba). The valley harbours the
Albania’s largest treestands of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) characteristic rather for the central
55
Europe than the Balkans. The flora of the park includes numerous threatened plant species, e.g. Achillea
grandifolia, Minuartia baldaccii, Plantago reniformis, Scrophularia bosniaca, Teucrium arduini and
Trifolium pilezzi or the endemic Petasites doerfleri, Lunaria telekiana.
Agriculture in the area of Valbona Valley National Park is developed at an individual level located close
to the inhabited villages. The areas of Valbona and Çerem are known for the cultivation of potatoes,
white beans and maize. Fruits such as plum trees and typical grapes (rrushi celeg) are commonly
cultivated in the Dragobi area. Vegetables such as peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, and cabbage are
produced in limited quantities.
The National Park has approximately 415 ha of pasture alpine land. Traditional flocks of animals are
sheep, goat and cows. Dairy products and meat are processed in simple traditional manner and traded
at the local restaurants.
National Park “Thethi”

The National Park “Thethi” was established in Albania on 21 November 1966 by the Decision of the
Council of Ministers No. 96. The area of the national park encompasses 2,630 ha. The administration of
the national park operates within the organizational framework of the Shkodra Directorate of the
Forestry Service of Albania.
Thethi National Park encompasses the upper part of the Shala River valley, including its source - the
springs of Okoli. The glacier-shaped valley of Thethi is located to southwest from the nearby Valbona
valley, and is surrounded by the peaks of Mt. Radohima, Mt. Arapi and Mt. Alise. In the Thethi village the
valley forms the famous Grunasi canyon, with massive calcareous formations.
Forests occupy almost 61 per cent (1’622 ha) of the national park area, whilst the rest consists of
meadows and rocky areas.
There is a long-term tradition in the production of various agro-products and derivates from farming in
the area. Autochthonous Potato of Thethi is well known; white bean is typical also being cultivated
mainly in the Shala area; organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and pepper are typical for the area as
well. Fruit trees (plum, strawberries, cornel) are common in entire park area; the production of nuts
also. Gastronomy, closely connected to the local products, is one of the traditional values favouring
tourism development.
Pastures are classified as natural and seasonal (spring period) based on the use by local communities.
The pastures are known for a high quality of herbage which contributes to the good quality of local
products deriving from farming activity.
The inhabitants of Theth utilize the land only during half of the year due to the rough winters in the
area. The diet in the region includes mainly meat and dairy products such as butter and cottage
cheese. Traditional raki production from plums and cornel is also very common. The quality of the
products is affected by the use of old techniques.
Strict Nature Reserve “Lumi i Gashit” (Gashi River)

The Strict Nature Reserve “Lumi i Gashit” was established in the Tropojë district of Albania on 15 January
1996 by the Decision of Council of Ministers No. 102, with the area of 3’000 ha. “Lumi i Gashit” Strict
Nature Reserve is located in the north easternmost part of the Albanian Alps at the confluence of the
Albanian state border with the borders of Montenegro and Kosovo (UN administered territory under UN
Security Council resolution 1244/99). The nature reserve area is important for the protection of
numerous endemic and sub-endemic plant species.
56
There is only one village within the area, Bradoshnica village, and the inhabitants of this village usually
only stay in their houses during summer time. Thus, agricultural activities are limited and not present
within this nature reserve. During the last 3-4 years the breeding of lambs and goats has increased in the
area. A relatively big size flock of Gashi (compared with the flocks of the Valbona area) has been
observed. The owners of the flocks come from Margegaj and Bytyc. The flock mainly graze in the buffer
zone of the Strict Nature Reserve, where the quality of pastures is good, which is reflected in produced
dairy products and meat, which are traded in the local restaurants.
Through marketing and certification of local organic products within the agricultural sector, benefits
could be achieved for the local communities. There is a need for developing activities respecting habitats
and wildlife within the protected area in line with the legislative requirements in order to maintain a
dynamic equilibrium between nature conservation and the utilization of environmental resources
ensuring a sustainable development of the entire protected area.
Medicinal plants
It is difficult to precise the total number of plants, that are used as medicinal plants in Albania. Taking
into account the existing information, in Albanian Alps area are present around 200 medicinal plants,
approximately 5, 7 % of Albanian Flora. Medicinal plants play an important role in everyday life in this
region; many people are consuming phytomedicines, herbal teas, etc. Medicinal herbs are collected and
used at individual basis for their curative values but are also collected at larger scale and exported as
raw material from the region. Medicinal plants, such as Adiantum capillus-veneris, Hypericum
perforatum, Sambucus nigra, Plantago lanceolata (Respiratory ailments); Acanthus balcanicus,
Agrimonia eupatoria, Ceterach officinarum, Cydonia oblong, Hedera helix, Hypericum perforatum,
Lamium album, Malva pussila, Orchis spp., Plantago lanceolata, Teucrium polium (Emollient and
expectorant); Aesculus hippocastanum, Althaea officinalis, Chamomilla recutita, Tìlia tomentosa (in
coughs and colds) are just a few of the well known wild plants used as medicaments since antiquity and
in use even today.
The altitudinal distribution of the wild medicinal plants is rather irregular. This reflects the variety of
ecological conditions resulting from differences in elevation, the character of the rock substrate and
topography, and anthropogenic influences. The highest proportions of species are found in the
vegetation belts of the oak woods and beech and coniferous woodlands. The remaining is found in open
woodlands and other vegetation types in the high mountains. Many of the medicinal plants are weeds
and ruderal species which grow mainly in the lowlands and in the mountains up to 1500 m above sea
level.
Lime–tree flower (Tilia argentea) has a great importance in the area as it is used in the honey production
chane. Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is located and collected in Gjarper of Cerem, in Markovce and
Siapice areas (Valbona NP) and in the areas of Doberdol, Koshotice, Balcine, Terkuz, Mullavc, Bolloterg
and Javorr (Gashi River SNR). The common cowslip (Primula officinalis) is concentrated in alpine pastures
of Valbina Valley NP and in the Gashi area in Shoshaj meadows, Javorr area.
Valbona Valley NP, especially the area of Rragam i Shales, is known for the presence of Winter Savory
(Satureja montana). In the area of Valbona, the Dog Rose (Rosa canina) and the leaves of Small-leaved
Lime (Tilia cordata) are collected and used for their curative values.
57
Generally, medicinal herbs from the Thethi National Park area are considered as important source of
income; few companies mainly in Bajza, Koplik and Shkodra collect the medicinal herbs from the
national park area; currently they sell the dried raw material and prepare the herbs distillates for the
market.
Photo 5: Beech forest Valbona Valley NP (Photo by M. Cristensen) Photo 6: Beech forest Gashi River SNR (Photo by M. Cristensen)
Photo 7: Pinus peuce, Gashi River SNR (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 8: Landscape, Valbona Valley NP (Photo by E. Keci )
Photo 9: Thethi NP (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 10: Mushrooms, Thethi NP (Photo by M. Christensen)
Fauna
The varieties of habitats in the Alps harbour a rich fauna. Invertebrates and vertebrates taxons are part
of different ecosystems of the northern part of Albania. From the invertebrates the most abundant
58
group are insects, populating the Alps habitats. Insects are presented by Coleoptera, Orthoptera,
Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Heteroptera orders. The aquatic invertebrates’ fauna is composed by
insects’ larva, aquatic snails (Gastropoda) and freshwater mussels (Bivalvia). Aquatic invertebrates are
good biological indicators of water quality. Their density in water sources is dependent on the impact
level (Complete list of animals is presented in Annex IV).
Fish
The Alps fresh waters offers two species of trout, known as mountain trout, which are, like all the
species of the genius Salmo, used also as biological indicator of water quality and the conditins in the
aquatic ecosystem. The brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) and Drini trout (Salmo farioides) are
encountered in Thethi, Kiri and Valbona Rivers. Both trout species are vulnerable species which need to
be strictly protected, especially related to the fishing period and methods.
Amphibians and Reptiles

Endemic species are important indicators for an areas biodiversity and conservation status. In the
Albanian Alps there are identified 40 amphibians and reptiles, of which, 9 are endemic species. Main
species encountered in the Alps are the black newt species (Salamadra atra), Greek frog (Rana graeca)
in small streams. Common species as part of Alps herpetofauna are also: Aesculapian Snake (Elaphe
longissima), Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), Alpine newt (Triturus alpestris) Common newt
(T. vulgaris), Common Toad (Bufo bufo), Green toad (B.viridis), Yellow-Bellied Toad (Bombina variagata),
Common tree frog (Hyla arborea), marsh frog (Rana ridibunda), European common frog (R. temporaria),
Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis), Sand Lizard (Lacerta agilis), Viviparous lizard (L. vivipara), Mosor rock
lizard (L. mosorensis), Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis), Smooth Snake (Coronella austriaca),
Grass snake (Natrix natrix), Dice Snake (N. tessellata), Nose-horned Viper (Vipera ammodytes) or Nose-
horned Viper (Vipera berus).
Birds
The habitats of the Albanian Alps are important for ornithofauna. In the Alps are identified 161 bird
species, of which the most important species are: Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), Griffon Vulture
(Gyps fulvus), White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia), Capercaillie
(Tetrao urogallus), Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Golden Eagle (Aquila
chrysaetos), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus penatus), Bonelli's Eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus), Spoonbill
(Platalea leucorodia), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), which is
breeding in the area, Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Gosshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Lesser Kestrel
(Falco Naumanni), Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Hobby (Falco subbuteo), Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus),
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Grey-headed Woodpecker (Picus canus) and Grey Partridge (Perdix
Perdix).
The high number of protected and/or rare species located in the Alps is linked to the big size of the
protected area but also to the ecosystems in the area.
Mammals
Mammals are composed by a variety of groups from small mammals to large carnivores as the
threathened Lynx (Lynx lynx), the Brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the Wolf (Canis lupus). Small mammals
are dominated mainly by bats species such as Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryale),
Geoffroy's bat (Myotis enmarginatus), Common shrew (Sorex araneus), Alpine shrew (Sorex alpinus),
Eurasian water shrew, (Neomys fodiens), Mediterranean or Miller's water shrew (Neomys anomalus),
Blind Mole (Talpa coeca). Typical rodents are the red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris, bank
59
vole (Clethrionomyes glareolus), European snow vole (Chinomyes nivalis), lesser mole rat (Spalax
leucodon), yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood
mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), black rat (Ratus ratus), edible dormouse (Myoxus glis), forest dormouse
(Dromys nitedula). The wild fauna comprises species as wild boar (Sus scrofa), chamois (Rupicapra
rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).9
2.1.2 Socio-economic values

The traditional use of the environmental resources in the area of the Alps provides a possibility for the
continuous improvement of the economical level in the villages within the protected areas and those
surrounding it.
Agriculture and farming activities are considered necessary to provide incomes to local communities.
Ecotourism is seen as an important factor for possible sustainable development and further increase of
the economic level. Mountain tourism is recently developed in “Thethi” and “Valbona Valley” National
Parks.
Land use
The local population use the pastures for livestock grazing as well as for harvesting important medicinal
plants. The livestock is composed mainly by cattle, sheep, and goats.
Timber is mainly used as firewood and raw material for wood constructions. Plants are considered as a
potential base of nutrients for humans and animals, and also as secondary products. The use of forest
resources is one of the most important economic resources for the local inhabitants.

The park offers forests of beech (approximately 90% of the NP forests), black pine (cultivated during
1966), oak, poplar, fir, maple, elm-tree, birchand ash tree. The land is used as arable land related to
agriculture and farming activities. Forests are used mainly for logging and heating during the winter.
Handicraft activity (wood and stone traditional works) also takes place. The forests has been protected
by local communities since the National Park were proclaimed. “Thethi” National Park has a
considerable surface, approximately 800 to 1000 ha (beside the internal pastures). High pastures are
used for grazing of ewes and low level pastures are used for grazing of goats.

This area has high a biodiversity. The forests are mainly composed by beech, black and white pine, oak,
spruce, lime trees, as well as alpine meadows, and forests of chestnuts.

In the Gashi area massive logging has also occurred after the opening of a new road. The inhabitants of
Gashi area are seasonal and use only the forests for logging firewood at an individual level.
9
Bulic Z. Vizi & O. 2003.
60
Agriculture and Farming

Local products derived from agriculture and farming activities are important for the economic income of
the inhabitants in the Alps. Agriculture and livestock are the main area of employment in Valbona Valley
and the Gashi area.

There is a long-term tradition in the production of various agro-products and derivates from farming in
the area. Autoctonous Potato of Thethi is well known; white bean is typical also being cultivated mainly
in the Shala area; organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and pepper are typical for the area as well.
Fruit trees (plum, strawberries, cornel) are common in entire park area; the production of nuts also.
Gastronomy, closely connected to the local products, is one of the traditional values favouring tourism
development.
Pastures are classified as natural and seasonal (spring period) based on the use by local communities.
The pastures are known for a high quality of herbage which contributes to the good quality of local
products deriving from farming activity.
The inhabitants of Theth utilize the land only during half of the year due to the rough winters in the
area. The diet in the region includes mainly meat and dairy products such as butter and cottage cheese.
Traditional raki production from plums and cornel is also very common. The quality of the products is
affected by the use of old techniques.

Agriculture in the area of Valbona Valley National Park is developed at an individual level located close
to the inhabited villages. The areas of Valbona and Cerem are known for the cultivation of potatoes,
white beans and maize. Fruits such as plum trees and typical grapes (rrushi celeg) are commonly
cultivated in the Dragobi area. Vegetables such as peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, and cabbage are
produced in limited quantities.
The National Park has approximately 4000 ha of pasture alpine land. Tratditional flocks of animals are
sheep, goat and cows. Diary products and meat are processed in simple traditional manner and traded
at the local rastaurants

There is only one village within the area, Bradoshnica village, and the inhabitants of this village usually
only stay in their houses during summer time. Thus, agricultural activities are limited and not present
within this nature reserve During the last 3-4 years the breeding of lambs and goats has increased in the
area. Relatively big size flocks of Gashi (compared with the flocks of the Valbona area) has been
observed. The owners of the flocks come from Margegaj and Bytyc. The flock mainly graze in the buffer
zone of the Strict Nature Reserve, where the quality of pastures is good, which is reflected in produced
diary products and meat, which are traded in the local restaurants.
Through marketing and certification of local organic products within the agricultural sector, benefits
could be achieved for the local communities. There is a need for developing activities respecting habitats
and wildlife within the protected area in line with the legislative requirements in order to maintain a
dynamic equilibrium between nature conservation and the utilization of environmental resources
ensuring a sustainable development of the entire protected area.
61
Medicinal plants
Forests and pastures create microhabitats, which harboreing a diversity of medicinal plants. Medicinal
herbs are collected and used at individual basis for their curative values but are also collected at larger
scale and exported as raw material from the region.

Formations of bushes where dominating is blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilus) are abundant in the NP.
Generally, medicinal herbs from the Thethi area are important and some companies in Bajza, Koplik and
Shkodra collect herbs, distille, dry them and sell them.

Lime–tree flower has a great importance in the area and is used in honey making. Blueberry (See photos
below) is located and collected in Gjarper of Cerem, in Markovce and Siapice areas. The common
cowslip (Primula officinalis) is concentrated in alpine pastures of Valbona Valley NP.
Valbona NP, especially the area of Rragam i Shales, is known for the presence of Winter Savory (Satureja
montana). In the area of Valbona, the Dog Rose, Brier Rose and the leaves of Small-leaved Lime are
collected and used for their curative values.

Blueberry is located in the areas of Doberdol, Koshotice, Balcine, Terkuz, Mullavc, Bolloterg and Javorr.
The common cowslip (Primula officinalis) is concentrated in the Gashi area in Shoshaj meadows, and
Javorr area.
Photo 11: Blueberry fields in Gashi area (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 12: Blueberry collected, Valbona area (Photo by M. Christensen)
Honey production and bee keeping

Bee hives are very common and bee keeping is important for the local economy. During summer the
hives are transported to the alpine pastures. Honey production is taking place in the areas of Gjelaj,
Nenrreth, and Gjecaj within Thethi NP; in Valbona Valley NP honey is produced in Valbona and Dragobi
villages. In Valbona lately the number of bee hives has insreased due to consumer request.
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Water use
The area has abundant fresh water resources. Water is used by local communities mainly as source for
drinking water and irrigation. Water is also used for energy production and recreation activities.

In “Thethi” National Park rivers, streams and lakes are used mainly as drinking water resources, for
irrigation and other farming purposes. Water resources are also used as hydropower for electricity
supply; they are important for tourism development and used for fishery. The diversity of the landscape
with water resources together with aand variety of water fauna attracts tourist.
A small hydropower plant is located within the park’s border, feeded by the Thethi River water is
currently not operated. During the rainy season, the water flow in the river is approximately 15 m3/s.
The water quality is not impacted by the hydropower. A second hydropower plant, located out of the
park’s border is feeded by the waters springed in the park. DFS staff in Shkodra reports that currently
concession contracts are signed for the construction of 5 hydropower plants in the Shala area.
Trouts are present in the cold waters and carstic lakes in Thethi River where fishing with hookes is
exercised as a sport.

The valley are is rich in water resources with river Valbona and streams and natural lakes; all with a good
water quality. The surface waters are used as drinking water supply for the local and regional
communities and for irrigation. The supply system of drinking water is located in Zic/stables of Grey
village and provides drinking water and water for irrigation to all houses in Valbona village until the
bridge of Valbona; the rest of the houses get water for irrigation from the former hydropower in Quku i
Dunishes area, while drinking water is supplied individually through wells. Bajram Curri town and a part
of the houses in Margegaj Commune are supplied with drinking water through the drinking water supply
system Valbona – Bajram Curr.
The hydropower established in Quku i Dunishes area is not in function today. Work for construction of a
new hydropower was initiated in 2012; currently the work is suspended due to new legislation in
regards to territory planning.
Other existing hydropower plants are located in the Dragobi area (the hydropower plant has a low
capacity and requires rehabilitation) and Cerem area. The hydropower of Ceremi is rehabilitated lately,
but still not in function due to damages on the electric network.
Trout can be found in the cold waters as well as in kartstic lakes of Valbona. Fishing is practiced in the
area. In Valbona River active fishery also takes place. Local people report on the presence of 4 trout
species in this river; however no monitoring has been carried out so far. Aquaculture projects has
started up in the area of Valbona Valley NP. Lately there have been established 4 small hatcheries; the
fertilized eggs of trouts produced here are taken into Kosovo and put into the river upstream. The
trouts are popular and is traded at restaurants in the Valbona area.
In the waters of Valbona dwell an animal on the verge of extinction, the otter (lutra lutra).
63

The nature reserve is also rich in water resources with river Gashi and streams; all with a good water
quality. The surface waters are used as drinking water supply for the local and regional communities and
for irrigation.
The Gashi River is also considered good potential for visitors attractions. In the downstream part of the
Gashi River active fishery also takes place. Local people report on the presence of 4 trout species in this
river; however no monitoring has been carried out so far.
Photo 13&14: Trout reservate in Valbona area (Photo by E. Keci)
Tourism
The area is an important touristic attraction today. It offers a high variety of monuments
(historical/biological/geological) which attract visitors, and holds a potential for future development in
terms of economic, scientific and educational purposes.
Tourists from different countries are visiting going hiking, excercising mountain sports and enjoying the
beauty of the landscape in the Albanian Alps.
Improvement of infrastructures in the area is crucial for the development of tourism.

Thethi National Park is characterized by its natural biodiversity such as forests, alpine and sub-alpine
There are nearly 100 km of mountainous road in Thethi that will satisfy cyclists fond of natural beauties.
Thethi offers also marvelous paths and ways to tourist that may enjoy the local churches, graveyards,
power plants, and nature monuments, including: the cemetery of Treci, the valley of Shala, the rugged
mountains of the alpine region etc.
In Theth, the passionate people can parachute and use the delta plane.
During spring and fall, when the rivers of Thethi become tempestuous because of the accumulated
snow, canoeing can also be practiced in these waters.

The climate, with cold winters and fresh summers, is favorable for tourists.
Valbona River flows through an attractive landscape, composed by forests, pastures, diversity of plants
and characteristic houses for the region. Valbona is one of the most beautiful places in Albania and
64
segments of its valley can be a real challenge for the passionate people of extreme sports. Hiking has
recently been developed in the area of Valbona.
The area is known for its traditional hospitability .
Caves and canyons (the Canyon of Shoshani, the Cave of Haxhia, the Cave of Ice the Cave of Dragobia)
are important natural attractions considered as potential sites for a further development of ecotourism
facilities.
Access to the valley is rather good, and the road connecting B. Curri town to Valbona will be fully
asphalted in 2014.

Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve offers natural old forests and pastures combined with clear and cold
surface waters. However the Gashi area has not yet many tourist due to bad infrastructure and the
short period without snow in the area.
Photo 15: Touristic caffe bar in Thethi area (Photo by M. Christensen) Photo 16: Hiking, Valbona Valley NP (Photo by M. Christensen)
Photo 17 Touristic facilities in Valbona Valley NP (Photo by E. Keci)
65
Photo 18: Xhema Lake, Valbona Valley NP (Photo by E. Keci)
2.1.3 Cultural values

The area has several cultural and historical objects, which together with a very distingtive and individual
design of houses, which has developed over long time and created in harmony with the appearance and
vegetation of the landscape in the area, create an interesting and attractive landscape.
The traditional clothes in the Alps aremainly made of wool. The wool was usually woven in primarily
white or dark colours for the production of male and female overcoats and cloaks, rough blankets,
covers and rugs. Wool was also knitted into socks, gaiters, gloves and sweaters.
In the villages, the tradition of crafting and decorating small wooden objects still is widely spread among
the villagers. Thus, the shepherds decorate their crooks, distaffs, spindles, etc., while others, more
skilled in the art, construct baby cribs, traditional chairs, musical instruments, wooden boxes, etc.
The entire area in the Alps are known for their traditional food dishes; however within the Albanian Alps
the dishes vary from village to village. The entire area has the tradition of making a cornbread, which is
cooked in a traditional way (cerep/sac) and serverd with brine.

Cultural attractions of the region of Thethi begin with the traditional clothes, churches, characteristic
houses, and the way of living.
The most original piece of women’s clothes is ”Xhubleta” - a narrow skirt at the waist and very wide at
the bottom, with a bell, futtering as the women walked. Each areas hastheir own decorative
characteristics of the Xhubleta. In the old days, a woman would be buried together with the Xhubleta
she got married in.
Some of the most characteristic features of the traditional architecture in the area are the towers
“kulla”. They were built both in towns and villages, and were high, compact stone buildings with small
windows and loopholes. The most important aspect of the towers was defenst against enimies, but they
also had both residential and commercial roles. Only a few examples of these towers remain today. The
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tower in Theth is one of them; built on natural rock at the entrance to Theth village, overlooking the
river with a road on one side and the whole valley with the village on the other side.

Cultural attractions of the valley include mainly the traditional clothes, churches, characteristic houses,
and the way of living.
Traditional clothing consists of “xhubleta” for women, and “xhamadani” and “tirqet” for men. Women
use traditional veils; brides use red veils with light colors, whereas the other women use black veils tied
to the throat. Men use woolen traditional hat called “kësulë”.
Characteristic houses are built from stones and their wooden roofs, built from wooden stripes, are very
sloping to avoid snow. The windows are very small and have protective loopholes. The houses are 2-3
floors high, with stairs located at the external part of the house that take you up to the second floor
because the first floor is usually reserved to the animals. The second floor is used as the guest room and
for the other members of the family.
Watermills are also a traditional building in the area used for grinding grain and located near rivers.
Some watermills are still in use today; for example near Rragam in the Valbona River.
The population in the Valbona area all derive from 4 old ancient tribes; tribe of Shala located in Rragami
part, tribe of Vuthaj located in Ceremi area, Kelmend tribe located in Valbona area and Krashiqe tribe
located in Dragobia area. Each of these tribes have their own typical traditions; religious differences are
reflected in their life style, dresses, rituals, etc. The population of Rragami i Shales has the Catholic
religion, while the three other tribes have the Muslim religion.
Catholic women`s dresses are called Xhubleta, as mentioned before, while the Muslim women`s dreeses
are “Shtjellak” (wide woollen dresses). In general Catholic and Muslim men have used woollen pants,
woollen waistcoat and white woollen hat “Qeleshe”. Both religions have special selected places for their
weeding ceremonies.
Traditional dishes include: “Corba”, which is prepared by butter, flour and interiors of lamb, sheep, and
goat; and “Ferlig” prepared by cornflour, milkcream and meat (goat, lamb, pork).

Cultural attractions of the valley include mainly the traditional clothes, characteristic houses, and the
way of living.
The simplest forms of traditional buildings in villages are log cabins (‘konak’) with a rectangular ground
plan, covered with gable roofs and typically a single or two-storey building. Sometimes, ‘konaks’ were
built as small mobile buildings, called ‘kućeri’, on sledges, so that they could be moved from one place to
another by oxes.
Traditional dishes include: “Corba”, which is prepared by butter, flour and interiors of lamb, sheep, and
goat; and “Fli”, which is prepared by fried noodles, milk cream and cheese.
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Photo 19: Typical stone house in Valbona Valley National Park (Photo by E. Keci)
2.2 Assessment of the Institutional Framework
The environmental policies identify the following priority objectives:

 strengthening environmental management capacities at national and local level,
 developing the necessary legal framework, ensuring the integration of environmental
considerations into sector policies and programmes,
 improving the environmental situation in identified “hotspots”,
 promoting environmental awareness, and integrating the sustainable development principle
in the use of natural resources.
The Ministry of Environment (MoE) is the main responsible institution for the administration of
protected areas in Albania. The MoF is also one of the main executing authorities in the relevant
area through Directorate for Forests (DF) and its Directorates of Forest Service (DFS). DFB through
DFS is the administrator of Forest and Pasture resources, also including protected areas. They issue
licenses for forest harvesting and pasture use. The district directories are responsible for
administration, protection, following of implementation of management plans and annual programs of
monitoring and bio-monitoring. Further, they issue and collect fines, publish annual data and reports,
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and shall collaborate with environmental NPOs, local government and other interested parties on
awareness campaigns related to the protected areas.
The same Directorate is also responsible for a national database on protected areas and for the
implementation of obligations coming from conventions and multilateral agreements related to
protected areas. Further, the Directorate has a coordinative role in the designation of new protected
areas and the preparation of management plans.
The Directorate for Biodiversity within the MoE is responsible for the drafting of legislation on
protection and the administration of protected areas and Ramsar sites; identification and enforcement
of rules and measures related to administration of these areas; their categorisation in accordance with
IUCN criteria, and the identification of new zones and procedures for their designation.
The same directorate is also responsible for a national database on protected areas and for the
implementation of obligations coming from conventions and multilateral agreements related to
protected areas. Further, the Sector has a coordinative role in the designation of new protected areas
and the preparation of management plans.
Ministry of Urban Development and Tourism (MUDT) is responsible for preparing Master Plans for any
physical or territorial planning and urban development. These plans are approved by the National
Council of Territorial Adjustment (NCTA). MUDT issues licenses to tourism operators in case they
want to build up tourism infrastructure and facilities in areas identified for tourism development.
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MTI) is responsible for investments in waste managment
facilities, water supply and sewrage.
Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Administration (MARDWA) is another

important executing authority in the area. Through the Water Irrigation Board it is responsible
for administration of water resources used for irrigation and issues licenses to water user associations to
use those resources for irrigation purposes. Through the directories of Veterinary Service and Food
Safety this ministry control and manage many activities related to agriculture, farming and
protection of consumers.
Ministry of Culture (MC) develop and implement sectorial strategy for cultural heritage and ensures the
protection and preservation of cultural heritage objects.
The Council of Ministers is the highest body entrusted with approval of urban planning studies,
master plans and regional plans, needed to account for environmental planning, procedures for the
proclamation of protected and buffer zones.
Other government institutions and inter-ministerial committees involved in development and

management of the protected area are Council of Territory Adjustment, Albanian Geological Survey.
Local government authorities consist in the Qark of Shkoder and Kukes, Municipality of Shkodra
and Municipality of Bajram Curri (Tropoja), as well as several c ommunes. Based on the Law on
Organization and Functioning of Local Government (2000) extensive rights are reserved to the local
level. These institutions are responsible for the design of local environmental action plans in
accordance with national environmental strategies. They also have the right to undertake any
initiative for economic development in the interest of its residents, provided that these activities do
not contradict the fundamental government policies.
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The educational and scientific bodies involved in the protection and preservation of the protected
area’s environment are the Agriculture University of Tirana and University of Tirana.
Community organizations and NGOs also play an active role in area of conservation and management.
Another central institution involved in the management of protected areas is the National Park
Management Committee (MC). Its role and responsibilities are stipulated in the DCM No. 86, dated
11.2.2005 “On the Establishment of Protected Areas Management Committees”. In the Decision of
Council of Ministers is foreseen the establishment of MC for the three categories of protected areas,
respectively National Parks, Nature Managed Reserves and Landscape Protected Areas.
The MC is composed by representatives of central and local government, non-governmental
organization, representative of land owners within protected areas, etc. – see figure below.
Figure 1: Composition of Management Committees
According to DCM no.86, dated 11.02.2005 "On the establishment of management committees for
protected area" the MC is:
 responsible for the administration and protection of the respective protected areas;
 supervises the implementation of management plans, the enforcement of legislation by
protected areas administrations and enterprises performing activities in the area;
 supervises the maintenance of environmental quality, the promotion of ecological (sustainable)
development and the implementation of requirements for sustainable use of natural resources;
and
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 give an opinion on the requests for the use of natural sources of the zone, as well as on the
environmental permits of the activities that will operate in the zone.
The DFS has the role of technical secretariat for the MC. The MC`s shall meet not less than twice a year
in sessions open to the public.
There is no legal instrument in place that can appoint the members (Figure 1) of the MC for National
Parks of Thethi and Valbona Valley .
2.3 Assessment of Threats
The identification and assessment of threats on biodiversity and conservation in the protected area of
the Albanian Alps has been carried out in close co-operation with local stakeholders. The evaluation of
the present situation has been an outcome of field investigations and workshops organised with local
administration representatives, local governmental units, environmental NGOs, local private businesses,
etc. This section presents an overview of the existing and potential problems in the Alps area, which
have an influence on biodiversity, ecosystems and local socio-economic development.
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)

An overview of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) in the protected area is
presented here below. The SWOT analysis is valuable in emphasizing the potentials in the area;
identifying issues to be improved or avoided in future management; defining ecological and socio-
economic threats and future developmental possibilities, and to get a picture of the main priorities in
the area.
The table below shows the values and natural assets, the weaknesses and the opportunities available in
the areas of Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks and the Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve.
Table 12: SWOT analysis for Albanian Alps area

Strengths Weaknesses
Incorrect logging practices in the forests
Lack of fire monitoring and management system
Limited information on nature and protected
Attractive landscape and variety of habitats; natural and mixed forests, shrubs, grassland,
areas features
agriculture land, and particular plant associations, pastures, etc.
Limited law enforcement
Use of woods by seasonal inhabitants in Gashi
area
Rich fauna represented by main groups of vertebrates.
Limited law enforcement on hunting ban
Rare, endemic species
Typical local agriculture organic products (e.g. potato of Shala; “rrushi celeg”) Lack of marketing, promotion and certification of
Rakia production from plums and cornel typical local organic products
Typical gastronomy of the area Limited producing technologies
Limited specialised processing technologies
Pastures capacities Lack of diaries
Farming local products Limited promotion of local farming products
Unformal and unsafe marketing
Limited promotion and information of traditional
Traditional handmade dresses, typical cultural, historical and traditional values
artisanal handmade products.
Hydro powers construction
Lack of wastewater treatment system
Richness in water sources; Rivers, streams, lakes (e.g. karstic lakes of Thethi); Lack of sewage treatment system
Lack of specific studies or monitoring related the
fish stock
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Massive collection
Microhabitats for harbouring diversity of important medicinal plants Incorrect collection practices
Limited marketing
Not organised tourism (on individual level)
Limited touristic guides, signs, tables
Limited promotion of recreation values of the area
Attractive landscapes and recreational areas Lack of digitalised trails within the area and trails
Variety of monuments offering historical, cultural and natural values maintenance during the entire year
Limited law enforcement and lack of information
related to Albanian Alps monuments conservation
and protection
Opportunities Threats
Habitat fragmentation and loss
Appropriate landscape for recreational activities
Environmental pollution
Potential ecosystems for studies and environmental education trainings
Erosion
Fauna loss
Diverse attractive fauna for tourists Wildlife disturbance
Rare and endemic species threatened
Commerce of certified typical organic products in local, regional and national level Reduction of forests and natural habitats
Attraction of visitors; Traditional gastronomy promotion Impact on quality of agro - products
Increase of local economic incomes Reduction of economic incomes
Reduction natural ecosystems
Establishment of seasonal dairies; improvement of dairy products quality. Habitat fragmentation
Commerce of certified farming products Increase of economic local incomes Medicinal plants deterioration
Wildlife disturbance
Reduction of local economic incomes
Visitors attraction; typical souvenir commerce
Traditional and cultural values loss
Disturbance of aquatic ecosystems
Irrigation of agriculture surfaces – increase of agro production quantity Water quality impact
Sustainable fishing and aquaculture development Negative impact on biodiversity
Drying of wetlands – habitat and biodiversity loss
Commerce of medicinal herb raw material
Rare and threatened herbs loss
Commerce of simple medicinal distillates
Reduce of medicinal plants communities
Cultivation of specific important medicinal plants
Reduce of local incomes
Involvement in national pharmaceutical industries
Wildlife disturbance
Improvement of touristic infrastructures and services
Environmental pollution
Definition and establishment of trails within the protected areas
Habitat fragmentation
Development and support of alternative tourism
Loss of status for unmaintained nature
Touristic centres in particular areas with specific values within the parks. Sustainable
monuments
development of weekly and seasonal eco tourism.
Reduction of visitors number and local incomes
Climate change
It a consolidated opinion that the climate in the Alps has changed significantly during the past century,
with temperatures constantly increasing. This makes Alps especially vulnerable to changes in the
hydrological cycle and decreases in snow cover, which is already occurring.
Global climate change threatens to continue altering the alpine hydrological system drastically.
Projected changes in precipitation, snow-cover patterns will further alter run-off regimes, leading to
more droughts in summer, floods and landslides in winter and higher inter-annual variability.
At a local level this threat should be managed also and integrated into the planning of management
actions within the protected area related to e.g. floods, droughts, forest fires, heat waves, etc. The
management of how to compensate for extreme climate conditions in the future should be an integral
part of the planning and conservation of the area.
Projected water shortages and more frequent extreme events, combined with increasing water
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demand (for irrigating agriculture or tourist influxes, for example), are likely to have severe adverse
effects on ecosystem services, such as the provision of drinking water.
Furthermore manymountain plant species may face extinction if unable to adapt by moving northward
or uphill. Indeed flora and fauna may have to adapt to changed conditions so that the ecosystem
structure may change. New invasive species can appear and take over, causing other natural species to
disappear.
Hydropower sector development

The Albanian Alps, including Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict Nature
Reserve offers several potential optimal locations for development of medium-sized hydropower plants.
Concession contracts to construct new small and medium-sized hydropower plants have already been
signed (e.g. Shala River) and some projects have already started, including the construction of a
hydropower plant in the Valbona Valley NP.
Hydropower plants have traditionally been considered environmentally friendly and they represent a
renewable clean energy source with no emissions or waste materials .
However, hydropower does have an environmental impact. The construction of dams and the creation
of artificial water reservoirs behind them affects a river’s ecosystem and habitats. This indeed is the
concern of local stakeholders, as it is a wide spread opinion that this intervention poses a negative
impact on the whole hydrological regime both up and downstream the dam and on the aquatic
organisms, with potential detrimental effects.
In general, the consideration of environmental impacts caused by hydropower plants should begin with
a review of possible changes to a river’s ecosystem, it should be initiated at the planning phase by
carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment.
The impacts on ecosystems caused by a hydropower plant depends, among others, on the following
variables:
1) water volume and water flow rate of the river,
2) the existing climatic and habitat conditions,
3) the type, size, design and operation of the hydropower plant.
A dam, as an artificial wall, induces the formation of a water reservoir, which slows the water flow and
increases the surface water temperature, produces a stratification effect (cold water at the bottom,
warm on the surface in the dam) and causes sedimentation; all affecting the river’s ecosystem and
habitats downstream.
Several hydropower project are proposed and this can led to habitat destruction especially in river beds.
Most crucial threat from the project will, however, be the establishment of road into inaccessible areas
in Lumi I Gashi. Road will introduce a very high risk for the unique remnants of virgin forest.
A new construction of a hydropower plant and its impacts should be carefully examined as they can vary
from project to project. Such examination should identify if nature is potentially affected and if so,
mitigation measures should be taken and agreed upon before a license is given to the operator.
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2.3.1 Ecological Threats
The habitats in the Albanian Alps are generally well preserved as they stand today. This is mainly due to
geographical and climatic aspects (high mountains, snow), a low number of inhabitants inside the Alps
area, a low level of local agricultural production, and a lack of investments into infrastructure in the
area.
Habitat loss
The main potential threats foreseen are the fragmentation associated to loss of habitats, the
modification and/or the destruction of natural habitats due to the construction of infrastructure, illegal
logging and also a change in agriculture production with an enlargement of agricultural land within the
area.
Selective cutting of Picea and Abies may change the forest environment dramatically. In core zone of
virgin forest the cutting should be forbidden and in the sustainable zones special regulation must be
developed to ensure preservation of important forest environment. The above mentioned threats affect
directly the biodiversity, relations among species and the natural food chain within the ecosystem.
Soil Erosion
The phenomenon of erosion is linked to modification or destruction of habitats, especially in the most
mountainous part of the Alps, and it also possesses a threat to biodiversity. The qualities of the aquatics
ecosystems can be strongly modified, when eroded materials are washed out, and habitats in general
can be physically impacted by the erosion coming from upper zones.
Illegal wood cutting and degradation of forest in areas with high slopes gives rise to further erosion,
besides the erosion that happens naturally, influencing the habitats. It takes many years for a forest to
regenerate itself in such a difficult environment again, if it ever happens. Artificial caused erosion gives
rise to the destruction and fragmentation of habitats, decline in species, modification of native plant and
animal communities and finally, permenant alteration of the ecosystem.
Hunting
Another issue concerning biodiversity is the conservation of protected animal species.The main problem
is illegal hunting, which mostly is targeted high level protected animal species, such as Brown bear, Lynx
and the Wolf.
Uncontrolled roads in alpine zone

In part of the alpine region there are rather intensive activities in form of 4x4 driving. The activity is
mainly connected to blue berry picking and shepherd. Bad maintenance of the main road often led to
creation of alternative treks. It is recommended to ensure a certain quality of the main roads and forbid
all driving beside the roads.
Overgrazing in alpine areas

According to information from local people the number of animal in the region is declined and general
impression in the area is a good balance between the number of cattle’s, sheep’s and goats and the
grazing capacity of the vegetation. However, a monitoring of the grazing and an evaluation of the impact
could be relevant to ensure a sustainable practice.
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2.3.2 Socio-Economic Threats

Forestry
Thethi National Park offers good conditions for forests (forests of beech, black pine, maple, and ash tree,
including some centennial beeches with a diameter of 1 – 1.5 m are found here) and pastures in general
as a result of careful nature protection and conservation carried out by the local residents. Fires and
erosion are the main threats in the area due to lack of public awareness and implementation of
regulations, including the limited manpower-resources available for inspection and management.
The inhabitants of Thethi cultivate their land and fields for only half of the year, in order to sustain
themselves and their families. The diet of this region includes mainly meat and diary products such as
cheese, butter, and cottage cheese. These products have a high quality because of the clean
environment and the fertile soil.
Agriculture and farming

protected area.
in the future.
Overgrazing in Thethi National Park, uncontrolled circulation within the pastures can imply the
extinction of some endemic species. The surface and the capacity for grazing areas have not been
defined and poses a threat to biodiversity.

Honey is produced in small quantities in Thethi and distributed at local level. The lack of certification,
quality control, standard packaging, marketing etc. is a barrier for further distribution to larger scale
markets (national and international).
Tourism
The clean climate and the numerous natural beauties make this region attractive to the tourists. Thethi
welcomes visitors all the year round, including mountain climbers, botanists, fishing amateurs,
speleologists, as well as those passionate of mountain cycling.
However, only few facilities for tourism development are currently available at “Thethi” National Park.
An increase of offer in accommodation facilities will have a positive impact to local economic income,
but could also have a negative impact on nature as an encreasing number of visitors may cause
disturbances in nature and create local waste pollution.
Industrial activities
A small hydroelectric power plant has been built on Thethi River, but is currently not operated.

Forestry
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This valley has high biodiversity values. In the forests of this park, one may find beech, black and white
pine, oak, spruce, lime trees, as well as alpine meadows, and forests of chestnuts. The fruits that
primarily grow in this region are plums and nuts.
However, limited manpower-resources are available for inspection and management, which poses a
threat to the conservation of the biodiversity in the areas.

Agriculture and livestock are the main employment options of this Valley.
The diet of this area includes mainly meat and diary products such as cheese, butter, and cottage
cheese.
in the future.
Product quality improvement in livestock breeding and dairy production, better processing technology
and certification of local products can increase the quality of farming products, which is necessary in
order to stay on the marked and compete in the future.
Medicinal plants
The collection of medicinal and aromatic plants is a valuble source of income for the local people. There
is a need to dissimate information on sustainable management; the periods and practice for collection
and amounts. Overgrazing can also pose a threat deteriorating the conditions for medicinal plants. For
some medicinal plants immediate protection actions are required (e.g. the collection of leaves from
blueberry; great yellow gentian due to the collection of roots).
Enforcement of law and spreading of information concerning correct collection methods and the respect
of collection periods is needed to maintain a dynamic equilibrium between the use of environmental
resources and nature protection and conservation.

Honey is produced in small quantities in Valbona Valley National Parks and distributed at local level. The
lack of certification, quality control, standard packaging, marketing etc. is a barrier for further
distribution to larger scale markets (national and international).
Fishery
Fishery and small aquaculture activities take place within the territory of Valbona Valley NP, currently,
however, only at individual basis. Information on fishing practices and law enforcement is limited.
Monitoring of aquatic fauna and studies on fish stocks have not been carried out in recent years.
Decrease in trout and fish populations influences the natural food chains in aquatic ecosystems and
hence the potential economic future benefits.
Tourism
The village of Valbona is an important touristic attraction. The valley through which the Valbona River
passes is distinguished for its attractive landscape, composed of forests, pastures, diversity of plants,
and characteristic houses, thus creating the proper conditions for tourism development.
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The local population is very hospitable. Many of them have already begun to receive tourists from
Albania and abroad in their houses.
The number of tourists has increased in recent years (especially in Valbona Valley NP), and major
infrastructure investments are on the way to being implemented,including: hydro-power plants and new
roads. This development can potentially pose a threat, directly or indirectly, to the ecosystems in the
area unless carefully planned and managed.
Industrial activities
In Margegaj Commune located in “Shoshajve City”, (see Map 5), quarrying is taking place. The activities
appears to be without an environmental permit and this has been fined by the local Dragobi sector staff;
currently the issue is delegated to the court.

Forestry
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is famous for its high values and variety of flora and fauna. However,
limited manpower-resources are available for inspection and management, which poses a threat to the
conservation of the biodiversity in the areas.

protected area.
in the future.
Medicinal plants
The area is home to various medicinal herbs such as: blueberry, juniper, cornel bush, etc. The herbs are
often used by the inhabitants; they use the blueberries to produce syrup and jam, while the cornel and
juniper are used to produce “raki”. The chestnut honey is also famous for its nutritional and medicinal
values.
The collection of medicinal and aromatic plants is a valuble source of income for the local people. There
is a need to disseminate information on sustainable management; the periods and practice for
collection and amounts. Enforcement of law and spreading of information concerning correct collection
methods and the respect of collection periods is needed to maintain a dynamic equilibrium between the
use of environmental resources and nature protection and conservation.
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Map 5: Activity Map - Albanian Alps
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PART 3: MANAGEMENT OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA
3.1 Vision and objectives
The vision for the protected areas of the Albanian Alps is of a place where farmers and shepherds,
people who live and work in or like to visit the protected areas will contribute to care for and appreciate
the spectacular landscape, the natural environment its wildlife and cultural heritage.
We share the vision of “an Albanian Alps National Park as an inspirational example of sustainable
development in which thriving communities and visitors have an opportunity to understand, enjoy and
contribute to preserve the richness of cultural heritage and biodiversity”.
Based on this shared vision for an Albanian Alps National Park, specific long term objectives have been
identified for the management respectively of the Thethi and Valbona National Parks and the Gashi
River Strict Nature Reserve. These objectives focus on conservation, recreation, science and education,
and on the improvement of the management systems at the protected areas. They are designed to
provide for the protection and conservation of the unique biodiversity, and to maintain the key
ecological processes of the protected area, while allowing appropriate recreational activities.
The long term objectives of science and education promote increased understanding of the protected
area and also aim at engendering community management.
The long term objective of strengthening the management system contributes to the long term
ecological viability of the protected areas resources.
3.1.1 Long-term management objectives
The long term objectives form the basis for the management of the Thethi and Valbona National Parks
and Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve as they are the targets that have been evaluated necessary for the
Alps area in order to reach the vision in the future.

Ensure that the protected area is managed in a correct way, involving local stakeholders in a
participatory process to contribute to a sustainable management of the area’s resources maintaining a
compatible equilibrium between nature conservation and the development of human activities.

Maintain the diverse habitats of the protected area, maintain the rich variety of fauna and flora and
good interactions between ecosystems, ensure good water quality in the rivers and streams and
preserve the unique natural and biological processes and life support systems.

Provide for and manage the use of recreational and cultural values in the area, ensuring the coexistence
of nature protection and the development of various types of touristic activities. Provide for accessible
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and diverse recreation opportunities for visitors and residents, encouraging healthy living, enjoyment of
the landscape and a sense of adventure.

Ensure profitable farming, through food production, land management and family farm based business,
by supporting traditional and modern economic development that is innovative, well managed and
appropriate to the conservation of natural resources within the Alps area.

Promote education, nature appreciation and scientific research on the biological, geophysical and
cultural values in the protected area.
3.1.2 Short-term management objectives

Based on the vision and the long-term objectives for Alps area, and taking into account the factors
influencing the achievement of those objectives, the management efforts during the next coming 5
years (2015-2020) shall be focused on a set of keys short-term objectives tuned to the specific level of
protection given by law to the area.
Short term objectives for Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks
Thethi and Valbona Valley NPs have second level of protection as per IUCN Category, accordingly short
terms objectives may be are grouped in five areas as follows:

towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental
requirements.
By meeting the objectives above, we expect the following specific delivery outcomes:
 The national parks are supervised and managed in a professional and effective way by the DFS.
A high level of management performance is carried out by trained staff available at the local
administration.
 All local stakeholders will be involved in a participatory process to contribute to the
management of the protected area and to contribute to the maintenance of an equilibrium
between nature conservation and the development of human activities.

4. Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems in the protected area are not adversely
affected by human activities.
5. Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent degradation and deterioration of
habitats.
6. Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation of species and
sustainable use of natural ressources .
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 It is fully acknowledged, among all relevant stakeholders, that the conservation and
enhancement of the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the areas are the primary
purposes , and the guiding principles for all the management decisions concerning the parks.
 The richness of the natural environment is conserved, restored and enhanced so wildlife can
thrive, and ecological systems can continue to improve.
 A dynamic equilibrium and sustainable coexistence between local people activities and nature is
achieved.

3. Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities.
4. Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner, and does not negatively
impact the ecological and cultural heritage values in the protected area.
 The coexistence of a high quality protection of natural resources and heritage assets, and the
development of various tourism supporting infrastructure and services which meet the needs of
visitors and generate economic activity, is ensured. Trails, good information and guidance for
hiking into nature and into the mountains exist in the area to support the promotion of
ecotourism. The national park also provides information which enable people to learn more
about the landscape, wildlife, traditional customs, communities and heritage of the parks.

5. Promote sustainable agriculture and farming.
6. Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing areas.
7. Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood.
8. Support sustainable fishery.
 A sustainable and harmonised development of socio-economic activities is achieved within the
NPs. The cultivation of curative, threatened and rare medicinal plants is promoted in well-
defined spaces within the protected area.

5. Ensure that information from research is made available to managers of the National Park.
6. Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the protected area and the
potential impacts of human activities.
 Different studies and assessment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are carried out involving
local, national and international projects levels. Educational and professional practices related
to agriculture, tourism and protected area management are implemented, including excursions
for local schools within the protected area.
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Short term objectives for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve

The Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is first level of protection as per IUCN Category, and accordinlgly
short terms objectives may be grouped in two areas as follows:

towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of
environmental requirements.
 The strict nature reserve is supervised and managed in a professional and effective way by the
DFS. A high level of management performance is carried out by trained staff available at the
local administration.
 All local stakeholders will be involved in a participatory process to contribute to the
management of the protected area and to contribute to the maintenance of an equilibrium
between nature conservation and the development of human activities.

5. Ensure that information from research is made available to managers of the Strict Nature
Reserve.
6. Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environment and habitats
in the protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on the environment.
3.1.2 Management Plan Principles

Guiding principles or management plan principles are the principles in which management of the
protected areas will occur. Theyand provide for a sound basis of protected area management. The
following principles have been recognised as fundamental to the management of protected areas across
Albania.
Local community participation and collaboration

Protected areas are conserved for the benefit of and with the support of the local communities, and this
is best achieved through awareness, understanding and involvement. Participation ensures that those
who are likely to be directly or indirectly affected by the management planning are enabled to
contribute with their knowledge, experience and ideas. Stakeholders’ engagement is therefore a wide-
ranging term that can cover different activities from simple information provision through active
involvement in decision making to assumption of management control. Involvement in managing
82
planning and decision making processes is an important tool, that helps managers and decision makers
to make better choices, based on individual choices of informed, experienced local people.
Protection primacy
Protection of wildlife and its habitats is the primary purpose of protected areas. Responsibility for
protecting and conserving protected area values extends beyond the management body to include
lessees, licensees, relevant public and private authorities, visitors, neighbours and the wider community.
Transparent decision making

The framework and processes for decision-making should be open and transparent. The reasons for
making decisions should be publicly available, except to the extent that information, including
information that is culturally sensitive or commercial-in-confidence, needs to be treated as confidential.
The information related to the protected areas, features, threats and intervention actions within the
protected areas and any other information linked to the managing process should be shared through
the following means:
 Leaflets and brochures
 Training programmes
 Local media
 Local, regional and national newspapers and magazines
 Protected area website
 Ministry website
 Continuous contact with responsible persons at local and central protected areas administration.
Effective and adaptive management

Protected area management should apply an adaptive management approach to support continuous
improvement in management. This includes monitoring the outcomes of management and taking
account of the findings of monitoring and other research to improve management effectiveness.
Management decisions should have a firm scientific basis or be supported by relevant experience.
Management bodies need to maintain and improve their capacity to learn from experience, to value and
build staff expertise and draw on input from other stakeholders.
Applying the "precautionary principle"

Protection of the natural resources should include identifying and taking appropriate actions to avert
and actively manage emerging threats and risks.
Effective management must be based on the best available information. However, where there are
threats or potential threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not
be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation or harmful
disturbance to natural places.
3.2 Definition of management zones
The regulatory framework for both Valbona and Thethi National Parks and the Gashi Strict Nature
Reserve dates earlier than the the law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas", respectively the
Decisions of Council of Ministers proclaiming these areas as protected are dated: 21.11.1966 (Thethi),
15.01.1996 (Valbona Valley), and 15.01.1996 (Gashi River).
83
For this reason there is no regulation with regard to the internal zoning for these areas pursuant to the
law No. 8906 dated 06.06.2002 "On protected areas".
3.2.1 Proposal for Valbona and Thethi NPs and Gashi Strict Nature Reserve Zoning
The present plan includes a proposal for the zoning of both Valbona and Thethi National Parks and the
Gashi Strict Nature Reserve, and for the planned Albanian Alps National Park as well.
The zoning is proposed in line with the Albanian legal framework requirements for protected areas
zoning. The specific features of each of the protected areas have been also taken into account in
formulating the zoning proposal.
The methodology used for proposing different zones of conservation and management with the
protected area consists of three steps: a) GIS analyses, b) field work including stakeholder consultation,
and c) assessments/proposal for zoning (please, see Annex III for details). The assessment has taken the
following into account:
 actual or potential of natural resources and the ecosystems;
 level of human use and interaction;
 natural, cultural and economical importance of the area;
The ecological characteristics have also been considered together with local activities and resident
interests in each of the defined zones as lay down in law. What can and/or cannot occur in the different
zones in the protected area in terms of natural resources management, cultural resource management,
human use and benefits, visitor use and experience, access, facilities and PA development, maintenance
and operations has also been defined.
The table below provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the zoning of both Valbona and Thethi
National Parks and the Gashi Strict Nature Reserve.
Table 13: Proposal for the zoning of both Valbona and Thethi National Parks and the Gashi Strict Nature Reserve
Thethi Valbona Valley Gashi River Total (ha)

Core zone 1980 5722 1922 1020 10644
Recreational Zone 102 204 306
Traditional use zone 513 513
Sustainable use zone 548 1561 57 2167
Total 2630 8000 1980 1020 13630

Total commune 2630 9980 1020 13630
Total PA 2630 8000 3000 13630
The table and map below provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the planned Albanian Alps
National Park.
84
Table 14: Proposal for planned Albanian Alps National Park Zoning (ha)
Total
Core zone 30729,6
Recreational Zone 957,2
Traditional use
zone 1125,2
Sustainable use
zone 3759,6
Total 36571,6
85
Map 6: Proposed Zoning - Albanian Alps
86
Proposal of Thethi National Park Zoning

Based on the assessments it is proposed to divide the area in three zones. The table and the map below
provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the NP.
Table 15: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Thethi National Park
Surface Management Permitted Incompatible

Zone Natural Asset Purpose
(ha) Intention Activities Activities
This area
presents an
undisturbed
nature, the
The emphasis is
natural
placed on
habitats and
preserving the
the old forests To provide an Hiking and
natural
are well undisturbed, other touristic
environment.
protected by natural activities must
Human activity
local residents reference area. be restricted to
is strictly
and the DFS. It includes designated
limited to Scientific
However, in alpine trails. Some
Core zone approved research is
some parts of vegetation areas must be
scientific allowed.
the core zone both on acid kept “tourist
research. There
traditional rock and on free” to ensure
are no
cutting of tree lime stone, and the optimal
permanent
fodder has old growth conditions for
inhabitants in
occurred in the forests. wild life.
the core zone
past and
of the Thethi
stumps from
National Park.
selective
cutting are
frequently
seen.
Seasonal
economic
To enable This area activities,
people residing provides a grazing,
Shepherd are
within the buffer zone for medicinal
frequent in the
National Park, the core zone. plants
alpine zone as
The traditional both Here the collection,
well as the
zone currently permanently protection of secondary
forest areas.
Traditional mainly consists and seasonally, nature has high forest
The number of
use zone of forest and to continue priority and production are
animal must be
alpine maintaining conservation permitted;
monitored and
meadows. their function of the Selective
if necessary
livelihoods core zone is a cutting of tree
regulation must
through primary goal in for local use
be establish.
traditional the should be
means. management. allowed only
with permission
from DSF.
Recreational This zone could Management This zone Social, eco Public activities
Use zone include areas for nature provides for touristic, allowed in this
87
with guest conservation moderate pilgrimage zone include

houses. and quiet use levels of low activities and walking and
and enjoyment impact infrastructure cycling (on
recreational construction existing tracks
use and that do not only) and
infrastructure affect the picnicking (no
development. ecological facilities
integrity of available).
ecosystem are Camping
allowed. should be
prohibited, and
commercial
activities may
only be
undertaken in
accordance
with a permit
issued by DSF
3.2.1.2 Proposal of Valbona Valley National Park Zoning
Based on the assessments it is proposed to divide the area in four zones. The table and the map below
provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the national park.
Table 16: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Valbona Valley National Park
Surface Natural Management Permitted Incompatible

Zone Purpose
(ha) Asset Intention Activities Activities
This area
Primary
covers two
purpose is
main
conservation
habitats: the
of the
alpine and
biological
the forest.
diversity. The emphasis
The area Hiking and other
In economic is placed on
presents an touristic activities
measures, it preserving the Only
undisturbed must be restricted
contributes to natural non-
nature, the to designated
sustainable environment. destructive
forests are trails. Some areas
Core zone development Human research and
not must be kept
with its activity is education
heavily “tourist free” to
ecosystem strictly limited activities are
impacted ensure the optimal
services, such to approved allowed.
and in some conditions for wild
as carbon scientific
parts even life.
sequestration, research.
virgin forests
soil
cells
stabilization,
survived.
supply of clean
However, in
water, and air
some parts
etc.
of the core
88
zone
traditional
cutting of
tree fodder
has occurred
in the past
and stumps
from
selective
cutting are
seen.
Seasonal
economic
This area
activities,
The primary supplements
grazing,
purpose of the the objective
medicinal
traditional use of the core
plants
area remains zone. Here the
collection
biodiversity protection of
(Blue berry
conservation, nature has
picking are
but its high priority Shepherd are
The important
secondary and frequent in the
traditional activities in
purpose is to conservation alpine zone as well
use zone the mountain
enable people function of as the forest areas.
currently between
Traditional residing within the core zone The number of
mainly Valbona and
use zone the National is a primary animal must be
consists of Lumi I Gashi.),
Park, both goal in the monitored and if
forest and secondary
permanently management. necessary
alpine forest
and seasonally, Its special regulation must be
meadows. production are
to continue function can establish.
permitted;
maintaining also be
Selective
their expanded in a
cutting of tree
livelihoods connectivity
for local use
through function of
should be
traditional biodiversity
allowed only
means. components
with
of core zones.
permission
from DSF.
This zone To enable To ensure an Continuity of
include the people residing appropriate traditional and
lower part of within the management, economic
the valley, National Park, the activities is
and the area both cooperation enabled,
surrounding permanently of local including:
Sustainable
the village and seasonally, communities, agriculture,
development
Cerem. to continue management horticulture,
zone
Settlements, maintaining agencies, forestry,
and other their scientists, grazing,
uses livelihoods non- medicinal and
of area’s through governmental aromatic
resources sustainable organizations plants
are located means. (NGOs) collection and
89
here. cultural sustainable

groups, agribusiness
economic with balanced
interests, and use of habitats
other and landscape.
stakeholders
is
necessary.
Public activities
allowed in this
zone include
walking and cycling
(on existing tracks
only) and
picnicking (no
Social, eco facilities available).
touristic, For river Valbona
This zone
pilgrimage the construction of
provides for
activities and hydro power
Management moderate
This zone infrastructure plants is under
for nature levels of low
Recreational could include construction discussion. The
conservation impact
Use zone areas with that do not realization may
and quiet use recreational
hotels. affect the lead to a dramatic
and enjoyment use and
ecological loss of natural
infrastructure
integrity of values and should
development.
ecosystem are be carefully
allowed. evaluated. EIA
procedures shall
be conducted and
developments shall
only be undertaken
in accordance with
EIA
reccomendations.
Proposal of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve Zoning

Based on the assessments it is proposed to divide the area in two zones. The table and the map below
provide an overview of the proposed zoning for the strict nature reserve.
90
Table 17: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Surface Management Permitted Incompatible

Zone Natural Asset Purpose
(ha) Intention Activities Activities
This area
covers two
main habitats:
the alpine and
the forest. The Hiking and
area presents other touristic
an undisturbed activities must
nature, the be restricted to
forests are not Primary purpose The emphasis is designated
heavily is to placed on trails. Some
Only
impacted and esure that preserving the areas must be
non-
in some parts nature can natural kept “tourist
destructive
even virgin develop freely, environment. free” to ensure
Core zone research and
forests cells and the Human activity the optimal
education
survived. The biological is strictly limited conditions for
activities are
remnants of diversity is to approved wild life.
allowed.
virgin forest conserved. scientific The current
are unique in research. grazing is
Albania and considered to
important also be the
in an European strongest
context. The threat.
protection of
these areas
must have very
high priority.
This area Seasonal
supplements economic
the objective of activities,
Sheperds are
The primary the core zone. grazing,
living all
purpose of the Here the medicinal
summer in the
sustainable use protection of plants
high mountain
area remains nature has high collection (Blue
valleys. Here,
biodiversity priority and berry picking
The alpine farming
conservation, conservation are important
sustainable use with cattle and
but its function of the activities in the
zone currently sheep is taking
Traditional secondary core zone is a mountain
mainly consists place.
use zone purpose is primary goal in between
of forest and The number of
foster economic the Valbona and
alpine animal must be
and human management. Lumi I Gashi.),
meadows. monitored and
development Its special secondary
if necessary
which is socio- function can forest
regulation
culturally and also be production are
must be
ecologically expanded in a permitted;
establish.
sustainable. connectivity Selective
function of cutting of tree
biodiversity for local use
components of should be
91
core zones. allowed only

with
permission
from DSF.
3.3 Management Actions for Thethi NP

For each of the long term objectives and correspondent short-term objectives a series of actions are
envisaged to be implemented to ensure that the objectives are met. In this chapter, each of the actions
identified to achieve the objectives, is presented in tables.
For each of the actions the following elements are identified:

 responsible authority(ies) in charge for implementation;
 expected time frame and duration;
 relevant management zone;
 objective verifiable indicators;
Five Action Plans are presented in the next sections below corresponding to the long- and short-term
objectives that has been identified.
92
6.3.1 Strengthen the protected area management system
Responsible Management
Management actions Period/ Duration Indicators
Institution zones
Enforce the provisions of law to visitors and users of Thethi National Park Area
Establish cooperation with trans
boundary PA administration in MoE, DFS, MoU approved and
2015/1 year N. A.
Montenegro. Prepare MoU for Municipalities signed by all parts
PA and wildlife protection.
No. of identified
case of illegal
hunting
No. and type of
DFS, SIEFW, State
Enforce of the law on hunting Permanent/ Permanent All zones sanctions applied
Police
and executed for
illegal hunting
Improved co-
operation
No. of fines
collected.
Identify and inspect the banned
Regular monitoring
activities inside the PA; periodical
DFS, SIEFWA, of the sites of the
monitoring of the area
Municipalities and Permanent/ Permanent All zones closed activities.
recovering; Impose fines for
Communes Monitor the
violation of the law related
increase of the
activities within the PA.
rehabilitated
surface area
Control and prevention of fires in No of cases
forests and pasture areas, identified and
prosecute authors of induced DFS, Communes, sanctions
Permanently/Permanent All zones
fires. Coordinate fire control State Police No. of fines
mechanisms with Communes, collected.
DFS and land owners.
Volume of fees
imposed and
DFS, SIEFWA, collected in the
Communes non-core zone.
Control and regulate grazing
Commune collects No and type of
activities making sure
fees, Permanent/ Permanent All zones sanctions applied
management plan
DFS elaborates and executed.
recommendation are respected
grazing programme No and type of
sanctions applied
and executed in the
core zone.
Human activities
within the PA
effectively
controlled;
Control all human activities Volume of fees
inside the park territory. Collect DFS, MC, collected for
fees for all permitted activities, Communes, Permanent/ Permanent All zones permitted activities;
according to management SIEFWA No. of cases with
regime in entire park area. violation of permit
(extend beyond the
permit)
No. of sanctions
applied and
93
executed for illegal

activities.
SIEFWA, Hydropower
Reconsider the current requests Municipalities/ requests revised
for 5 Hydropower constructions communes, DFS carefully by
Permanent/Permanent Traditional
along Shala River. Make sure EIA NEA, REA of authorised and
use
reports are prepared Shkodra professional
region/qark authorities.
Communal forest
Control the communal forest Traditional managed
MoE, DFS, MC Permanent/Permanent
management by the communes. use sustainably and
correctly
Control and regulate medicinal Collection of
plants collection. Enforce the ban medicinal plants
of medicinal plants where under DFS control.
DFS collects fines
foreseen and regulate medicinal Fees collected
SIEFWA imposes
plant collection in other zones Permanent/ During regularly.
sanctions provided All zones
and subzones according to the summer season Volume of fees
in the medicinal
MP and park zoning, especially collected
plants legal acts
for endemic herbs in Shala and No. of sanctions
Thethi areas. Collection of fees imposed and
for medicinal herbs collection. executed
Control and discipline of
funds/incomes obtained by all Funds from natural
activities within the park area MC, DFS Permanent/ Permanent N. A. resources use
such as medicinal herbs under control
collection, hunting, logging fees.
Medicinal herbs
collection organized
Introduce a licenses scheme for
in villages and
medicinal herbs collection for 2015 – 2016/ one year
DFS, SIEFWA N.A. under control.
persons or group of persons (continuously)
No. of authorized
based on villages they represent.
persons/groups per
village.
Control and regulate recreational
activities inside the park Recreational
territory, especially those linked activities under DFS
with visitor routes in Grunas Fall, control.
Grunas Canyon, Okoli springs, DFS and MC, Permanent/ Especially Volume of fees
Ricreational
Gjecaj Fall, Blue eye in municipalities and during the summer season collected
Use
Nderhysa/Kaprre area (buffer communes (May-Sept) No. of fines
zone of NP). Collect fees for imposed and
services provided. collected pursuant
Establishment of solid waste to the law on waste
collection system.
Clarify the rights, obligations and In-line Ministries, Clarified
tasks for Communes as owner of Ministry of State competences of
forest and pasture and those of for Local Communes, DFSs
2015-2016/12 months N.A.
DFS as responsible of Governance Affairs, and users/farmers
management of public forests Ministry of Interior, Effective control of
and pasture lands; Qark Commune entire area
Establishment of a Joint
Management Committee for the
park areas (list) with MC established and
MoE 2015/1year N.A
membership from local and operational
central authorities and
stakeholders.
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective
94
law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental requirements

Share of
Define the need for investments
investments
in private owned land within the
In-Line ministries, between Land
park area. Improve the
Local Government, 2015-2016/12 months N.A. owners/forest and
management of incomes among
Qark Commune pasture owners.
private owners, DFSs and
Incomes managed
Communes.
effectively
Recruit additional staff for DFS in
An effective park
Shkodra four employees are
authority in place;
needed: 1 communication MoE 2015-2016/12 months N.A.
4 additional staff
expert; 2 forest engineers and 1
employed
biologist.
Job performance
improvement of the
Provide on the job training for key staff;
MoE 2015-2020/15 days/year N.A.
DFS staff, commune staff. Number of trainings
and number of
trained staff
Train community representatives
No of trainings
on: planning and supervision of
realized.
activities, joint action for fires
No. of trained
prevention, monitoring and MoE, DFS, MC;
2015/1 year N.A. people.
response, application of Ministry of Interior
Park activities
sanctions, and provision of
supervised
support to individuals to enhance
professionally
their fire management tasks.
All equipment
Improve mobility and operation
purchased and put
of the staff and rangers at DFS in
into operation;
Shkodra, through purchasing of: 2015-2016/ Within 12
MoE, DFS N.A. increased
4 motorbikes and one 4x4 months
performance of
vehicle, 1 GPS, 1 Binoculars, 1
park staff and
professional camera
rangers
Permanent/20 days/year in Web page of the PA
Create and regularly update a
the first year, and 10 created and in
joint webpage for the Alps area, DFF N.A.
days/year in the following function, regularly
including a regular newsletter
years updated
Equipped staff with
Equip DFS staff with park
park uniforms.
uniforms; Establishment of a
MoE, MC and DFS 2015 – 2016/1 year N.A. Multifunctional
multi functional centre in Thethi
centre established
Camp area under DFS of Shkodra.
and in function
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders.
Prepare and approve a
memorandum of cooperation MoE, Qark of
Cooperation plan
between Montenegro Shkodra,
2015 N. A. prepared and
international authorities for Municipality of
approved
effective management of the Shkodra
entire park area.
Organize study tours to EU
Increased efficiency
protected areas for local MoE 2015-2016/10-15 days N.A.
of DFS staff
stakeholders and DFS staff
Exchange periodical visits in
of PA staff,
transboundary protected areas in MoE 2015-2016/10-15 visits N.A.
Management
Albania and Montenegro.
95
3.3.2 Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation

Management
Management actions Responsible institution Period/ Duration Indicators
zones
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected area are not adversely affected by human
activities
Evaluate the possibility to
introduce an entrance fee to
the Protected Area, including a
Solid waste in the
waste collection fee for MoE, MTI, Qark of
process of control,
tourists. The appropriate areas Shkodra, MC and 2015/ One year N.A.
money generated for
for the establishment of Communes
DSF and Communes
structures for the collection of
the entrance fee are Qafe
Thore and Shkembi i Thethit
The traditional
Identify the traditional
DFS with livestock livestock breed well
livestock sheep breeds (e.g. 2015 N.A
associations experts defined;
“Merinos” sheep).
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and deterioration of habitats
Establishment and
maintenance of waste
Containers
containers in the Protected 2015 -2016/
DFS All zones established and in
Area along trails, near Permanent
function
monuments, etc.; with priority
to Camp of Thethi Field
Rehabilitation of natural
Natural
springs /fountains in park area
Communes and DFS 2015 – 2016/ One year Traditional springs/fountains
in Camp of Thethi Field and
rehabilitated
Micani spring
Identify measures for erosion
Reduction of erosion
prevention and control.
Permanent/ Every and sedimentation
Integration of biological and MC, DFS, Communes Traditional,
year load into water
technical measures for erosion
sources
prevention and control.
Forestation with pine (Pinus
Erosion prevent
nigra) in entire park area and
measures in place
banks construction (banks with
Increased forest
stones, with concrete belts
DFS , communes Permanent/permanent All zones surfaces
and wire net) for the erosion
Reduction of eroded
prevention in park with high
areas
priority to Shellinza stream
and Gjecaj stream.
Foster broad community stewardship and commitment to the conservation of species of specific level of protection.
Identify suitable sites near
water sources as future Site protected
protected sites for fish MoE and MC 2015-2016/1 year Traditional proclamation by
reproduction purposes, mainly Minister Order
at Thethi springs
Entrances and
Determine corridors for
DFS, SIEFW, State police, breeding zones
wildlife to freely move through
and Permanent/ identified;
Montenegro. Maintenance of All zones
Municipality/commune Permanent Existing corridors well
existing corridors of Shtegu i
maintained.
dhenve, Qafa e Valbones.
Identify sites of high/special Core Sites of special
2015-2016/1 year
protection for endangered MoE and MC Traditional protection for
96
species as Lynx, Chamois, Roe endangered species

deer, Brown bear, and Golden defined and
eagle; most important sites approved
should be located at
Radohima, Peja area, Zorzi,
Shtegu i dhenve, Kurora e
Thethit.
3.3.3 Develop the recreational and touristic uses
Institutions zone
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the recreational and educational experience of
protected area users
Identification and analysis of
Tourism managed and
actual tourism trend in Thethi
DFS, MC, developed in a sustainable
Field and Gjecaj; Traditional
Communes, 2015-2016/permanent way
improvement of tourist
Tourism agencies
management.
Preparation of territorial
planning and tourism all zones
DFS, MC, Inter Local Plan prepared,
development plan for the 2015-2016/12 months
Communes and approved
park area.
Prepare a feasibility study on
the possibilities for guided
tours in the area. Provision of NTA 2015-2016/10 days (2-3) All zones Increased number of visitors
training to internal staff in
ecotourism guiding.
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and cultural heritage values of the protected area
Keep record of the potentials
use of natural resources
without affecting their
DFS, touristic Mountain tourism developed
ecological status (e.g. natural Permanent/ Permanent all zones
agencies sustainably
and cultural monuments
within and close to the park
area.
Promote cultural tourism,
DFS, touristic Touristic activities
and eco tourism in a Permanent/ Permanent all zones
agencies harmonised
sustainable manner
Development of mountain
DFS, Communes, Recreational Mountain tourism developed
tourism in a sustainable way 2015/Permanent
MC and promoted regularly
in park area
Definition of specific camping
DFS, communes, Permanent/ During the specific camping areas
areas in Okol and Thethi Recreational
MC touristic season defined
Field.
Establish and provide
MUDT, DFS, Qark
updated information on park
of Shkodra, Shared park information;
values at touristic Permanent/ Permanent N.A.
Municipality of Increased number of visitors;
information centre in Shkodra
Shkodra
city.
Maintenance of the trails to
Thethi Field – Peja peak; Qafe Trails opened permanently;
DFS, communes Permanent/ Permanent All zones
Thore – Shtegu i dhenve – increase of visitors
Radohime – Malesi e Madhe;
97
Thethi Field – Qafa e

Valbones – Rragam – Valbona
Valley; Kaprrej – Qafe Thore
Maintenance of trails Trails established and
connecting the villages of the opened;
entire PA as Grunas – Fushe MoE, touristic Increased
Permanent/permanent All zones
Theth – Thethi Camp – Okol; agencies, DFS, cooperation/marketing
Gjelaj – Fushe Theth among villages and districts;
Increased number of visitors
Identify possible financial
supports for the touristic
Financial support potentials
development of the natural DFS 2015 – 2016/permanent N. A
identified
ski field in Meadow of
Micenve; Nenrrethi meadows
Provide trainings to DFS,
Commune staff related Number of trained persons;
DFS 2015 – 2016/ one year N. A.
preparation of touristic increase of visitors number
guides, eco guides.
Maintenance and protection
Monuments protected and
of nature monuments and
MUDT, MoC, mantained; Traditional
characteristic architecture of Permanent/Permanent All zones
Communes, DFS houses maintained;
typical traditional houses in
Increased number of visitors.
entire Thethi area.
Identify financial support for
reconstruction of old typical Typical houses reconstructed
MUDT, MoF,
houses; Adaption of new 2015-2016/1 year All zones and in function; Increased
MoC
houses to mountain territory number of visitors.
features.
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner
Production and installation of Interpretation panels
information and park DSF 2015-2016/12 months All zones produced;
interpretation panels Increased number of visitors
Establishment of signs and Orientation of tourists within
tables within the park area; DFS, Communes, the park;
2015 – 2016/12 month All zones
preparation specific leaflets MC Visitors informed about the
about the park park area
Preparation of nature
DFS and Tourism Different type of eco guides
guides/eco-guides suitable
agencies; 2015-2016/12 months N. A. produced and distributed
for different interest-groups
Municipalities Increased number of visitors
and age-groups
Provide full inventory of
natural and cultural
monuments in all the DFS and Promotion material prepared
2015/1 year All zones
territory of PA and share communes and distributed
maps catalogues with
locations and access ways.
98
3.3.4 Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities

Responsible Period/ Management
Management actions Indicators
Institution Duration zone
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming
Promotion of local production of vegetables,
Permanent/ Increased organic
fruits, and diaries with the well-known local Traditional,
Permanent local products trade
names. MARDWA
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil
Pilot schemes
recover and better erosion control, through 2015-2017/2 Traditional,
MARDWA, MoE implementation
implementation schemes for payment of years sustainable
started
environmental services
Installation of mangers for livestock in Mangers for
natural water sources in Terthore Peja peak, MoE, MARDWA, livestock established
2015/1 year Traditional
Nenrrethi meadows. Rehabilitation of DFS Existing mangers
mangers for livestock in Peja area. rehabilitated
Increase of
Cultivation and promotion of Chestnuts in cultivated surface;
MoE, MARDWA,
the buffer zone of the park, especially in 2015/1year Traditional increase marketing;
DFS, Communes
Breglumi area. increase local
incomes
Local organic
Organisation of periodical/seasonal fairs in products promoted;
Shkodra area promoting and marketing the DFS, Communes, 2015/ Increase of local
N.A
local typical agriculture and farming products Qark of Shkodra periodically incomes;
of Thethi NP. Increase of no. of
visitors.
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands
Defining of grazing areas and their grazing
Grazing areas
capacity; Establish a programme to appoint
2015-2016/12 defined; grazing
grazing areas based on capacity of the area, DFS, MARDWA Traditional
months capacity defined and
especially those of Buni i Terthores and Peja
controlled
peak;
Natural pastures
Identify natural pasture sites for mowing
MoE, DFS, Traditional identified;
purposes, in order to provide the livestock 2015/1 year
Communes, FPUA Increase of nutrients
nutrient base during winter.
quantity for livestock
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high Increased bee hives
quality honey, certification of such a product and honey
Permanent/ Traditional
and its marketing; Discourage the artificial MARDWA; DFS production
Permanent
nutrition of bees in order to improve the Improved honey
honey quality quality
Increased number of
Support beekeeping and facilitate the
Permanent/ Traditional beekeepers;
seasonal transport of beehives, especially in MARDWA
Permanent increased quantity of
Gjelaj, Nenrreth, Gjecaj villages.
honey production
Increased honey
Limitations and control of grazing in areas of production;
importance for bee keeping and medicinal DFS (rangers), MC increased natural
March-August
plants in the pastures of park area. surfaces of medicinal
herbs
Medicinal herbs
Establishment of medicinal plants collection commerce and
MC, MARDWA 2015 – 2016/
centre on geographical basis mainly in Traditional collection under
DFS, Communes Permanent
Breglumi area. control’
Collection centres
99
established and in
function
Number of trained
Provide trainings to medicinal plants Every year/5 persons;
MARDWA N. A.
collectors in the entire park area. days/year Controlled medicinal
herbs collection
MoE; Rural
development Small scale
Establish small scale medicinal plants
businesses dealing 2015-2019 Buffer zone processing centre
processing centres in Breglumi area.
with medicinal established
plant export
Support to sustainable Forestry
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and
Forests monitored
protection of forests from diseases caused by Every year/3
regularly;
chestnut cancer and the pine DFS, Communes months per All zones
Tree diseases under
processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) year
control
in pine forests.
Beech Forest improvementin antire park and Permanent / Forests maintained
DFS, Communes All zones
especially in Thethi area. regularly and under control
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged DFS, communes 2015-2016/ Forest service’s
Traditional
parts) in forests of entire park territory One year carried out regularly
Increase of
regenerated natural
2015/Periodic
Forestation of burned sites in Okol area DFS, commune Traditional, forest land
if fires occurs
Burned areas
reduced
Forest protection
from fires.
Establishment and maintenance of corridors Permanent Traditional Forests controlled
DFS, Communes
(mainly in Thethi area) for fire prevention. /Periodically periodically. Habitat
maintained correctly
3.3.5 Promote scientific research and education
Management
Management actions Responsible Institution Period/ Duration Indicators
zone
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and inform its management
Update periodically the existing Periodical updated, and
habitat map according Natura detailed habitat map for
DFS; Research and Permanent
2000; reflect on habitat map all All zones the National Park
Academic Institutions, /regularly
environmental developments according Natura 2000
within park area. categorization
Carry out a study on medicinal Study report on
DFS; Research and
plants in the area in order to 2015/ Periodically All zones medicinal plants of the
Academic Institutions
update the existing data park
Carry out a study and periodical
monitoring of park flora and Study report on park
DFS; Research and 2015/ Permanent All zones
fauna in order to update the flora and fauna
Academic Institutions
existing data
Develop educational and
Lectures, events,
promotional programs
Permanent/2 days/ contests, and other
(professional practices DFS and Schools Traditional
year/school extracuricular activities
programs) for local schools and
related to park
local communities
Carry out periodical studies and Research and Permanent/ All zones Periodical report on
100
monitoring of water quality in Academic Institutions, Periodically water parameters,

the entire park area and Public Health Institute, quality and ecology
drinking water parameters MARDWA, Albanian
Micani and Okolareas/springs Geological Survey,
NEA, REA
Identification of rare species and The Recovery
habitats and develop the MoE 2015-2016/1 year All zones programme prepared
recovery programme. and approved.
Identify the threatened and List of the threatened
endemic plants and flora plants and flora’
DFS, researches 2015-2017 All zones
locations and undertake Protection measures
measures for protection identified
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the protected area and the potential
impacts of human activities on these environments
Number of people
Organize forest and pasture
DFS MC, communes 2015-2015/12 trained
users trainings on sustainable N. A.
months Number of people
economic activities
employed
Increased cooperation
Support to local NGOs and
Permanent/ and engagement of
media on awareness raising DFS, Qark of Shkodra N. A.
Permanent stakeholders in the
activities
administration of the PA.
Produce posters, year calendar First year all; after
Posters, leaflets,
of events including religious that only calendar,
program on walks,
activities, information leaflets, DFS posters and N. A.
guides, etc. produced
for promoting the area. events/60
and disseminated
Production of visitor guide. days/year
101
3.4 Management Actions for Valona Valley NP

For each of the long term objectives and correspondent short-term objectives a series of actions are
envisaged to be implemented to ensure that the objectives are met. In this chapter, each of the actions
identified to achieve the objectives, is presented in tables.

 responsible authority(ies) in charge for implementation;
Five Action Plans are presented in the next sections below corresponding to the long- and short-term
objectives that has been identified.
3.4.1 Strengthen the protected area management system
Institution zones
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of Valbona Valley National Park Area
No. of identified case
of illegal hunting
No. and type of
Enforce of the law on hunting. DFS, SIEFW, State sanctions applied
Permanent/ Permanent All zones
Police and executed for
illegal hunting
Improved co-
operation
No. of fines
Identify and inspect the banned collected.
activities inside the PA; Regular monitoring
DFS, SIEFW,
periodical monitoring of the of the sites of the
Municipalities and Permanent/ Permanent All zones
area recovering; Impose fines closed activities.
Communes
for violation of the closure Monitor the increase
decision of the rehabilitated
surface area
Control, prevent and follow up No of cases
on fires in forests and pastures, identified and
prosecute authors of sanctions
DFS, Communes Permanently/Permanent All zones
intentional fires. Coordinate No. of fines
fire control with Communes, collected.
DFS and land owners.
Volume of fees
imposed and
Control and regulate grazing collected in the non-
DFS, SIEFW,
activities respecting core zone
Communes Permanent/ Permanent All zones
management plan No and type of
recommendation. sanctions applied
and executed.
No and type of
102
sanctions applied
and executed in the
core zone.
Close the illegal quarry within
Park territory (Qyteti Shoshajt) DFS, Commune, Illegal quarry closed;
2015/1year Sustainable
and control the rehabilitation REA, SIEFW area rehabilitated
process from the company.
Human activities
within the PA
effectively
controlled;
Volume of fees
Control all human activities
collected for
inside the park territory.
permitted activities;
Collect fees for all permitted DFS, MC,
Permanent/ Permanent All zones No. of cases with
activities, according to Communes, SIEFW
violation of permit
management regime in entire
(extend beyond the
park area.
permit)
No. of sanctions
applied and
executed for illegal
activities.
Hydropower activity
revised carefully by
SIEFW,
Control of the quantity of water Sustainable competent
Municipalities/
used for hydropower activity; use authorities
communes, DFS, Permanent/Permanent
Monitor the environmental Traditional Environmental
REA
impacts. use impact monitored
closely.
Sustainable
Control the communal forest Communal forest
use
and pastures management by MoE, DFS, MC Permanent/Permanent managed sustainably
Traditional
the communes. and correctly
use
Collection of
medicinal plants
Control and regulate medicinal
under DFS control.
plants collection. Enforce the
Fees collected
ban of medicinal plants
DFS Permanent/ During summer regularly.
according to the MP and park All zones
SIEFW season Volume of fees
zoning especially for the
collected
blueberry. Collection fees for
No. of sanctions
medicinal herbs collection.
imposed and
executed
Control and discipline of
funds/incomes obtained by all Funds from natural
activities within the park area MC, DFS Permanent/ Permanent N. A. resources use under
such as medicinal herbs control
collection, grazing, logging fees.
Medicinal herbs
Licenses issued for regular and
correct medicinal herbs
in villages and under
collection to the authorized 2015 – 2016/ one year
DFS, SIEFW N.A. control.
persons or group of persons (continuously)
No. of authorized
based in villages they
persons/groups per
represent.
village.
Control and regulate DFS and MC, Permanent/ Especially Recreational
Sustainable;
recreational activities inside the municipalities and during the summer season activities under DFS
103
park territory, especially those communes (May-Sept) control.

linked with visitor routes in Volume of fees
Valbone – Theth; Dragobi – collected
Gashi River; Padesh – Gashi No. of fines imposed
River. Collect fees for services and collected
provided. pursuant to the law
Establishment of solid waste on waste
collection system.
Clarify the rights, obligations
Clarified
and tasks of Communes as In-line Ministries,
competences of
owner of forest and pasture for Ministry of State for
Communes, DFS,
communal forest, and those of Local Governance
2015-2016/12 months N.A. Inspectorate and
DFS as management authority Affairs, Ministry of
users/farmers
of public forest and pasture Interior, Qark
Effective control of
land. Carry out regular Commune
entire area
inspection and report;
Establishment of a joint
Management Committee for
MC established and
Alps area with membership of MoE 2015/1year N.A
operative
local authorities and
stakeholders.
Define the need for Share of investments
investments in private owned between Land
In-Line ministries,
land within the park area and owners/forest and
Local Government, 2015-2016/12 months N.A.
incomes management among pasture owners
Qark Commune
private owners, DFSs and Incomes managed
Communes. effectively
Recruit additional staff from
An effective park
the area, for Kuksi DFS/ Tropoja
authority in place;
Section; four employees are MoE, 2015-2016/12 months N.A.
4 additional staff
needed: 1 Tourism expert; 3
employed
forest engineers
Job performance
improvement of the
Provide in job training for DFS key staff;
staff, commune staff. number of trainings
and number of
trained staff
Train community
representatives on planning No of trainings
and supervision of activities, realized
joint action for fire rescue and No. of trained
MoE,; Ministry of
prevention, fire monitoring and 2015/1 year N.A. people
Interior
response, applying sanctions, Park activities
and providing support to supervised
individuals to enhance their fire professionally
management tasks.
Improve mobility and operation All equipment
of the staff and rangers for DFS purchased and put
in Kuksi/Tropoja Section, 2015-2016/ Within 12 into operation;
DFS and MC N.A.
through purchasing 2 months increased
motorbikes one 4x4 vehicle, 1 performance of park
GPS, 1 Binoculars, staff and rangers
Create and keep update a Permanent/20 days/year in Web page of the PA
webpage for the Alps area, DFS the first year, and 10 N.A. created and in
including a regular newsletter days/year in the following function, regularly
104
years updated
Equip DFS staff with park
Equipped staff with
uniforms; Establishment of a
park uniforms. Guest
guest house/building in Dragobi MoE, and DFS 2015 – 2016/1 year N.A.
building established
under Kuksi DFS/Tropoja
and in function
section.
Organize study tours to EU PA
in which all local stakeholders MoE 2015-2016/10-15 days N.A.
of DFS staff
and DFS staff may take part
105
3.4.2 Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation
institution zones
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected area are not adversely affected by human
activities
Evaluate the possibilities to introduce an
entrance fee to the Protected Area,
Solid waste in the
including a garbage collection fee for
MC and process of control,
tourists; The appropriate area for the 2015/ One year N.A.
Communes money generated for
establishment of structures for the
DSF and Communes
collection of the entrance fee is Shoshan
(Qyteti i Shoshajve)
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and deterioration of habitats
Establishment and maintenance of waste
containers in the Protected Area along Containers
2015 -2016/
trails, near monuments, etc.; Immediate DFS All zones established and in
Permanent
need of waste containers in Valbona function
area, from Paskollat to Fusha e Gjese.
Identify measures for erosion prevention Reduction of erosion
and control. Integration of biological Permanent/ Every and sedimentation
MC and DFS All zones
and technical measures for erosion year load into water
prevention and control. sources
Erosion prevent
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in
measures in place
Valbona area and banks construction
Increased forest
(banks with stones, with concrete belts DFS,
Permanent/permanent All zones surfaces
and wire net) for the erosion prevention communes
Reduction of eroded
from Dragobia to Paskollat area (in the
areas
right site of Valbona River)
Banks construction and maintenance for
Commune, River basin
discipline of Valbona River basin and
River Basin 2015/1 year Sustainable maintained;
flood prevention from Rragami i Shales
Agency, LGU Flood prevention
to the end of Valbona village.
Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation of species of specific level of protection
Identify suitable sites near water sources
Site protected
as future protected sites for trout
MoE and MC 2015-2016/1 year Traditional proclamation by
reproduction purposes from Rragam
Minister Order
village to the ending part of the park.
Identify sites of high/special protection Sites of special
for endangered species as Lynx, Chamois protection for
and Roe deer; For park area most 2015-2016/1 year all areas endangered species
MoE and MC
important sites should be located in defined and
Cerem, Valbona and Rragam. approved
106
3.4.3 Develop the recreational and touristic uses
Institutions zone
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the recreational and educational experience of
protected area users
Identification and analysis of
Tourism managed and
actual touristic visits trend in DFS, MC, Traditional
developed in a sustainable
Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Commune, Sustainable
2015-2016/permanent way
Shales; management of touristic Tourism
visits in a correct way. agencies
Preparation of the Inter Local
Plan of territorial planning and All zones
DFS, MC, Inter Local Plan prepared,
tourism development in the 2015-2016/12 months
Commune and approved
park area.
Prepare a feasibility study on
the possibilities for guided tours NTA, Tourism 2015-2016/10 days (2-
All zones Increased number of visitors
in the area. Training of internal agencies 3)
staff in ecotourism guiding.
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and cultural heritage values of the protected area
Establishment of trails, printing
of maps & guidelines,
placement of orientation tables Preferred places, rails trail
and tourists signs in the entire DFS, crossings inventoried,
2015-2016 Sustainable
park area (with priority to Communes recorded in the guide maps,
Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i timetables and index field
Shales ) in Albanian and English
languages
Keep record of the potentials of
natural resources use without
affecting their ecological status DFS, touristic Mountain tourism
Permanent/ Permanent all zones
(e.g. natural and cultural agencies developed sustainably
monuments within and close to
the park area).
Harmonization of cultural DFS, touristic
Touristic activities
tourism, and eco tourism in a agencies, Permanent/ Permanent all zones
harmonised
sound manner commune
Development and promotion of Mountain tourism
DFS, Recreational
mountain tourism in a 2015/Permanent developed and promoted
Communes, MC
sustainable way in park area regularly
Definition of specific camping
areas along Valbona River area, DFS, Permanent/ During the specific camping areas
Recreational
from Klysyra to Gjelaj areas; communes, MC touristic season defined
from Kukaj to Markocaj areas.
Provide updated information for
the existing information centre
MRDT, DFS,
in Valbona. Establish and Shared park information;
NTA,
provide updated information on Permanent/ Permanent N.A. Increased number of
Commune,
park values for touristic visitors;
municipality
information centre in Dragobia
area. .
Establishment of a trail to
Bajram Curri Cave and
DFS, Trails opened permanently;
tables/signs along the trail. Permanent/ Permanent All zones
communes increase of visitors
Maintenance of the trails to
Dragobi – Gashi River; Valbona
107
– Qafa e Valbones – Theth;

Valbona – Gryket e Hapura –
Curraj i Eperm.
Trails established and
Maintenance of trails
opened;
connecting the villages of the
MoE, touristic Increased
entire PA as Dragobi – Valbona Permanent/permanent All zones
agencies, DFS, cooperation/marketing
– Rragam i Shales; Dragobi –
among villages and districts;
Cerem.
Identify financial supports for
the improvement of touristic
MoF,
infrastructure; Identify
International 2015 – Financial support potentials
possibilities of N. A
Funding 2016/permanent identified
legalisation/license of already
Organizations
constructed restaurants of the
area.
Provide trainings to DFS, and
Commune staff related to the Number of trained persons;
DFS 2015 – 2016/ one year N. A.
preparation of touristic guides, increase of visitors number
eco guides.
Conduct feasibility study and
Sustainable
project design for parking places Improved parking and
DFS 2015-2016/12 months Recreational
construction within the services to park visitors
protected area
Identify possible source of
financing for the reconstruction MoF, Tradition mills restructured,
of typical mill of Dragobia; mill International maintained and in function;
Permanent/Permanent sustainable
of Bajram Curri in Shoshai i Funding Increased number of
Ceremit. Maintenance of the Organizations visitors.
existing mill of Valbona.
Identify possible source of
MoF, Typical houses
financing for reconstruction of
International reconstructed and in
old typical houses in Dragobi, 2015-2016/1 year All zones
Funding function; Increased number
Valbona, Cerem, Rragam i
Organizations of visitors.
Shales;
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner
Preparation of nature DFS and
Different type of eco guides
guides/eco-guides suitable for Tourism
2015-2016/12 months N. A. produced and distributed
different interest-groups and agencies;
age-groups Municipalities
Provide full inventory of natural
and cultural monuments in all
DFS and Promotion material
the territory of PA and share 2015/1 year All zones
communes prepared and distributed
maps catalogues with locations
and access ways.
108
3.4.4 Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities
Institution zone
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming
Increased land
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products surface covered
in order to minimise the use of chemical with organic
fertilizers and pesticides (provide training on agriculture
Permanent/ At least 5
organic farming) in entire PA area. MARDWA, MC products (Bio –
days/y Sustainable
Investigate financial support mechanisms products);
rural development schemes to promote increase of
organic farming among farmers. organic farming
products
Promote and support the traditional
Increased local
cultivation of autochthonous potato in
Permanent/ product
Valbona and Cerem villages as well other MARDWA Sustainable
Permanent production and
organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and
cultivated surface
pepper.
Promotion of local production of vegetables, Increased organic
Permanent/ Traditional,
fruits, and diaries with the well-known local local products
Permanent sustainable
names. MARDWA trade
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products Improved
processing centres and their certification processing
2015 – 2016/ Seasonal Sustainable
(seasonal diaries) in Cerem, Valbona and technology and
Dragobi villages. MARDWA product quality
Pilot schemes
recover and better erosion control, through Traditional,
MARDWA, MoE 2015-2017/2 years implementation
implementation schemes for payment for sustainable
started
Mangers for
Establishment of mangers for livestock in livestock
MoE, Traditional,
Ceremi and Valbona areas. Rehabilitation of 2015/1 year established
MARDWA, DFS sustainable
existing mangers for livestock in park area. Existing mangers
rehabilitated
Undertake pasture cleaning services,
Pasture surfaces
especially cleaning from weeds, toxic herbs DFS , commune 2015-2017 Sustainable
well maintained
and stones.
Establish the models to support the seasonal Temporary
stay in high mountain pastures such as, structures for
MoE, DFS,
infrastructure for shepherds and seasonal 2015-2019 Sustainable shepherd and
LGUs, FPUA
stables for livestock (Infrastructure for livestock stay in
livestock temporary abode). place
Autochthonous
Preserve and promote the autochthonous breed preserved
MoE, DFS, Traditional
breeds of “Bardhok” sheep, autochthonous 2015/1 year and promoted;
FPUA Sustainable
red cow and autochthonous red goat. Increase of local
farming products
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood
Increased bee
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high hives and honey
quality honey, certification of such a product MARDWA production
Permanent Sustainable
and its marketing; Improved honey
quality
Support beekeeping and facilitate the Permanent/ Traditional Increased number
MARDWA
seasonal transport of beehives, especially in Permanent Sustainable of beekeepers;
109
Valbona and Dragobi villages. Increase the increased

number of beehives. quantity of honey
production
Medicinal herbs
commerce and
Establishment of medicinal plants collection MC, MARDWA, collection under
2015 – 2016/ Traditional
centre on geographical basis mainly in DFS, control’
Permanent Sustainable
Dragobi and Cerem villages. Communes Collection centres
established and in
function
Number of
trained persons;
Provide trainings to medicinal plants
MARDWA Every year/5 days/year N. A. Controlled
collectors in the entire park area.
medicinal herbs
collection
Increased surface
Establish areas for cultivation of some MC, MARDWA
of cultivations
medicinal plants that are highly required by / Farmers/ Permanent/permanent
Sustainable with medicinal
the market, as blueberry in Cerem village. Communes
plants
MoE; Rural
development
Small scale
Establish small scale medicinal plants businesses
2015-2019 N.A processing centre
processing centres in Bajram Curri Town. dealing with
established
medicinal plant
export
Support to sustainable Forestry
Forests
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and
monitored
protection of forests from fires and illegal DFS, Every year/3 months
All zones regularly;
logging mainly in Cerem and from Dragobi to Communes per year
fires and logging
Markovce areas.
under control
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged
DFS, Forest service’s
parts) of entire park territory and sustainable
communes 2015-2016/ One year carried out
rehabilitation of damaged forests in Valbona Traditional
regularly
area.
Increase of
regenerated
Forestation with pine, fir or spruce of 2015/Periodic if fires Traditional, natural forest
DFS, commune
burned sites in Valbona area occurs sustainable land
Burned areas
reduced
110
3. 4.5 Promote scientific research and education

By implementing the actions below, the expectation is that:
Institution zone
habitat map according Natura DFS; Research and detailed habitat map for
Permanent
2000; reflect on habitat map all Academic All zones the National Park
/regularly
environmental developments Institutions, according Natura 2000
Carry out a study on medicinal DFS; Research and
Study report on medicinal
plants in the area in order to Academic 2015/ Periodically All zones
plants of the park
update the existing data Institutions
monitoring of park flora and DFS; Research and Study report on park flora
2015/ Permanent All zones
fauna in order to update the Academic and fauna
existing data Institutions
Lectures, events,
Permanent/2 days/ Sustainable contests, and other
(professional practices programs) DFS and Schools
year/school Traditional extracuricular activities
for local schools and local
related to park
communities
Carry out periodical studies and DFS, Research and
monitoring of water quality in Academic Periodical report on
Permanent/
the entire park area and drinking Institutions, Public All zones water parameters, quality
Periodically
water parameters Valbona River, Health Institute, and ecology
Ceremi stream, Motina Stream. MARDWA
Identification of rare species and
The Recovery programme
habitats and develop the MoE 2015-2016/1 year All zones
prepared and approved.
recovery programme.
endemic plants and flora plants and flora’
locations and undertake Protection measures
Organize forest and pasture Number of people trained
DFS MC communes 2015-2016/12
users trainings on sustainable N. A. Number of people
months
economic activities employed
Support local NGOs and media Permanent/ and engagement of
DFS N. A.
on awareness raising activities Permanent stakeholders in the
Produce posters, year calendar
First year all; after Posters, leaflets, program
of events including religious
that only calendar, on walks, guides, etc.
activities, information leaflets, DFS N. A.
posters and produced and
for promoting the area.
events/60 days/year disseminated
Production of visitor guide.
Management actions Responsible Period/ Duration Management Indicators
111
Institution zone
Permanent
/regularly
Carry out a study on medicinal DFS; Research and
Study report on medicinal
plants in the area in order to Academic 2015/ Periodically All zones
plants of the park
update the existing data Institutions
monitoring of park flora and DFS; Research and Study report on park flora
2015/ Permanent All zones
fauna in order to update the Academic and fauna
existing data Institutions
Lectures, events,
Permanent/2 days/ Sustainable contests, and other
(professional practices programs) DFS and Schools
year/school Traditional extracuricular activities
for local schools and local
related to park
communities
Carry out periodical studies and DFS, Research and
monitoring of water quality in Academic Periodical report on
Permanent/
the entire park area and drinking Institutions, Public All zones water parameters, quality
Periodically
water parameters Valbona River, Health Institute, and ecology
Ceremi stream, Motina Stream. MARDWA
Identification of rare species and
habitats and develop the MoE 2015-2016/1 year All zones
recovery programme.
endemic plants and flora PA staff, DFS, plants and flora’
2015-2017 All zones
locations and undertake researches Protection measures
DFS Management
Organize forest and pasture Number of people trained
committee, 2015-2016/12
users trainings on sustainable N. A. Number of people
communes months
economic activities employed
Support local NGOs and media Permanent/ and engagement of
DFS N. A.
Produce posters, year calendar
First year all; after Posters, leaflets, program
of events including religious
that only calendar, on walks, guides, etc.
activities, information leaflets, DFS N. A.
posters and produced and
for promoting the area.
events/60 days/year disseminated
Production of visitor guide.
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3.5 Management Actions for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve is classified as category I according IUCN Categorisation; due to this
classification the activities in this protected area are limited compared to the National Park
categorisaton.
Based on the long- and short-term objectives and the status in the area, the proposed actions are
focused on the management of the protected area and the authorised scientific research within the
area. Other activities should not be present within the Strict Nature Reserve.
For each of the long-term objectives and for the correspondent short-term objectives a series of actions
are envisaged to be implemented to ensure that the objectives are met. In this chapter, each action
identified to achieve the objectives, is presented in tables in the form of Actions Plans.

 responsible authority(ies) in charge of implementation;
Two Action Plans are presented in the next section corresponding to the long- and short-term objectives
identified.
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3. 5.1 Strengthen the protected area management system

 The protected area are supervised and managed in a professional and effective way by the DFS.
A high level of management is performed by trained staff available at the local administration.
 All local stakeholders are involved in a participatory process to contribute to the sustainable
management of the protected area, protecting and preserving the natural ecosystems of the
Strict Nature Reserve.
114
Institution zones
Enforce the provisions of law to seasonal visitors and users of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve Area
Establish cooperation with
transboundary of PA
MoE, DFS, MoU approved and
administration in Kosovo and 2015/1year N.A
Municipalities signed by all parts.
Montenegro; Prepare MoU for PA
and wildlife protection.
No. of identified
case of illegal
hunting
No. and type of
Enforce the ban on hunting. DFS, SIEFW,
Permanent/ Permanent All zones sanctions applied
State Police
and executed for
illegal hunting
Improved co-
operation
No. of fines
collected.
Identify and inspect the banned Regular monitoring
activities inside the PA; periodical DFS, SIEFW, of the sites of the
monitoring of the area; Impose Municipalities Permanent/ Permanent All zones closed activities.
fines for violation of the closure and Communes Monitor the
decision increase of the
rehabilitated
surface area
No of cases
Control, prevent and follow up on
identified and
fires in forests and pastures,
sanctions
prosecute authors of intentional DFS, Communes Permanently/Permanent All zones
No. of fines
fires. Coordinate fire control with
collected.
Communes and DFS.
Grazing activity
banned within the
area and controlled
Control the grazing activity in the
in the buffer zone.
buffer zone and the impacts on the DFS, SIEFW, Permanent/ Permanent All zones
No and type of
strict nature reserve.
sanctions applied
and executed.
Seasonal human
Ban all seasonal human activities activities within the
inside the reserve territory. PA effectively
Impose fines for the activities in controlled;
DFS, MC,
order to respect the status of the No. of sanctions
Communes, Permanent/ Permanent
area. All zones applied and
SIEFW (June-August)
Continuous monitoring of people executed for illegal
entrance within the protected activities.
area. Establish a monitoring point Entrances in the
in Markovce area. area monitored
continuously.
Control and regulate medicinal Collection of
plants collection outside the medicinal plants
reserve (buffer zone). Enforce the under DFS control.
ban of medicinal plants according DFS Permanent/ During summer Fees collected
All zones
to the reserve status. Monitoring SIEFW season regularly.
of impact into the strict nature Volume of fees
reserve. Collection fees for collected
medicinal herbs collection. No. of sanctions
115
imposed and
executed
Medicinal herbs
Licenses issued for regular and
correct medicinal herbs collection
in villages and
to the authorized persons or group 2015 – 2016/ one year
DFS, SIEFW N.A. under control.
of persons based in villages they (continuously)
No. of authorized
represent outside the reserve –
persons/groups per
buffer zone.
village.
Manage and control the
existing/heritage stables within the Permanent/permanent Stables under
DFS, Commune,
strict nature reserve. All zones control and
SIEFW
Prevention of construction of new (especially during summer) managed effectively
stables in the area.
Ban of logging;
Minimize the logging by seasonal
Use of the damaged
stable owners; use of the damaged DFS, Communes Permanent/permanent All zones
trees for individual
trees for their individual needs.
consumption.
Establishment of a Joint
Management Committee for the MC established and
MoE 2015/1year N.A
Alps with membership from local operative
and central stakeholders.
Job performance
improvement of the
Provide on job training for DFS key staff;
staff, commune staff. number of trainings
and number of
trained staff
Permanent/20 days/year in Web page of the PA
Create and keep update a webpage
the first year, and 10 created and in
for the Alps area, including a DSF N.A.
days/year in the following function, regularly
regular newsletter
years updated
Equipped staff with
Equip the DFS staff supervising the
MoE, and DFS 2015 – 2016/1 year N.A. Stict nature reserve
reserve with PA uniforms;
uniforms.
Prepare and approve a MoU for
cooperation transboundaiy
MoE, Qark, Cooperation plan
authorities for effective
Local 2015 N.A prepared and
management, preservation and
government approved
conservation of the entire Alps
area.
Organize study tours to EU PA in
which strict nature reserve Increased efficiency
MoE 2015-2016/10-15 days N.A.
responsible persons at DFS may of DFS staff
take part.
Increased of
Exchange periodical visits in
efficiency of strict
trounsboundary protected areas
nature reserve staff.
“Prokletije” National Park in MoE 2015-2016/10-15visits N.A
Management
Montenegro and “Bjeshket e
experiences shared
Namuna” National Park in Kosovo.
between countries.
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3. 5.2 Promote scientific research and education

 Different studies and assessments of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are carried out involving
local, national and international projects. Educational and professional practices related to
agriculture, tourism and protected area management are implemented, including excursions for
local schools within the protected area.
117
Institution zone
Permanent
/regularly
within strict nature reserve area. categorization
Carry out a study on medicinal DFS; Research and Study report on medicinal
plants in the area in order to Academic 2015/ Periodically All zones plants of the strict nature
update the existing data Institutions reserve.
Carry out a study and periodical Study report on strict

DFS; Research and
monitoring of park flora and fauna 2015/ Permanent All zones nature reserve flora and
Academic
in order to update the existing data fauna
Institutions
Carry out periodical studies and
DFS, Research and
monitoring of water quality in the
Academic Periodical report on
entire reserve area and drinking Permanent/
Institutions, Public All zones water parameters, quality
water parameters in Gashi River, Periodically
Health Institute, and ecology
Balcina Stream, Lugu i Vocit Stream,
MARDWA
Javorri Stream.
Identification of rare and endemic
species and habitats and develop MoE 2015-2016/1 year All zones
the recovery programme.
endemic plants and flora locations plants and flora’
and undertake measures for Protection measures
protection identified
Organize awareness activities and Number of people
DFS MC, communes 2015-2016/12
trainings for seasonal inhabitants of N. A. trained
months
Bjeshket e Gashit area.
Support to local NGOs and media Permanent/ and engagement of
DFS N. A.
First year all; after
Posters, leaflets, program
Produce posters, information that only calendar,
on walks, guides, etc.
leaflets and brochures, for DFS posters and N. A.
produced and
promoting the area. events/60
disseminated
days/year
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Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Environment in Albania for Law Drafting and Enforcement
of National Environmental Legislation
PART 4: FINANCIAL PLAN
4.1 Staffing needs for Thethi National Park
Recruitment of additional and new staff for DFS is needed and is indicated as one of the actions to
implement this plan.
The following positions are needed for the DFS in Shkodra:

 Four employees and their education should be as follows: two forest engineers, one biologist
and one communication expert.
 These employees will help in flora and fauna conservation from the damages, guiding touristic
groups; improve the park management, etc.
Ministry should plan additional expenses for salaries and social security contributions for DFS in
Shkodra. These costs are approximately 5.37 per cent of the total cost needed to implement the
management plan.
4.2 Financial Plan for Thethi National Park
Government (MoE) through the Regional Directorate of Forests and Pastures) is still management
agency for PAs, which means that PAs have to compete with other important sectors for public funds.
The total costs require for the implementation of the Management Plan amount to 1,447,250 EUR.
Table 10 shows that the funding requirements for implementing the management plan varying among
years from 427,102EUR for the year 2014 to 195,882 EUR for the year 2018. The annual total costs for
implementation of the management plan are not divided uniformly for the period 2015 – 2019.
Implementation of the plan requires more funds in the first and the second year than in the coming
years. The Ministry should immediately reflect in the mid-term budget 2015-2017 the funds required
for implementation of the management plan.
Because the management plan is divided into programs and activities, the assessment of the costs was
done for each activity. In one specific excel worksheet the costs of the activities for every program
(Annex III) are calculated.
Money is required for annual operating budgets, capital investment, protection enforcement, tourism
activities. The greater expenses are needed for the program “Develop sustainable agriculture and
socio-economic development” and program “Develop the recreational and touristic offer”, respectively
39.03% and 25.77% of the total costs (Table 18). However, to begin implementation of the
management plan requires substantial increase of funds for program management and administration
for the year 2015.
Based on the calculations it results that the Ministry should allocate additional fund from the state
budget for operational costs and investments to the protected area of Thethi National Park. The lack of
119
adequate financial resources is one of the main constraints to the effective management of PAs. The
salary and social insurance of the existing staff are not included in the calculation.
Table 18: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Thethi National Park Area
As % to
Programme Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 total
Strengthen the protected area management system 252,510 122,732 50,032 26,532 26,582 26,632 17.45
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of
Thethi National Park Area 16,050 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210 1.11
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening
relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for
violation of environmental requirements 212,260 107,472 36,772 22,622 22,672 22,722 14.67
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders
24,200 12,050 10,050 700 700 700 1.67
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation 191,700 55,000 44,300 30,800 30,800 30,800 13.25
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected
area are not adversely affected by human activities 6,500 6,500 0.45
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the degradation and
deterioration of habitats 172,000 42,500 42,500 29,000 29,000 29,000 11.88
Foster broad community stewardship and commitment to the conservation of species
of specific level of protection 13,200 6,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 0.91
Development the recreation and touristic offer 372,940 99,820 82,620 64,500 63,000 63,000 25.77
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the recreational
and educational experience of protected area users 14,700 11,700 1,500 1,500 1.02
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and cultural
heritage values of the protected area 333,240 75,120 75,120 61,000 61,000 61,000 23.03
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner 25,000 13,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1.73
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic development 564,900 134,150 145,750 138,000 64,500 82,500 39.03
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming 127,300 51,580 36,180 18,180 10,680 10,680 8.80
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands 37,500 9,750 9,750 8,000 5,000 5,000 2.59
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood 310,600 51,320 78,320 96,320 33,320 51,320 21.46
Support to sustainable Forestry 74,500 18,500 18,500 12,500 12,500 12,500 5.15
Support to sustainable Fishery 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 1.04
Promote scientific research and education 65,200 15,400 15,400 12,400 11,000 11,000 4.51
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area
and inform its management 36,000 9,000 9,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 2.49
Improve public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of the

protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these environments 29,200 6,400 6,400 6,400 5,000 5,000 2.02
Grand Total 1,447,250 427,102 338,102 272,232 195,882 213,932 100.00
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4.3 Staffing needs for Valbona Valley National Park
Recruitment of additional and new staff for DFS is needed and is indicated as one of the actions to
implement this plan.
The following positions are needed for the Kukësi DFS/ Tropoja Section:
 Four employees and their education should be as follows: three forest engineers, one tourism
expert.
 These employees will help in flora and fauna conservation from the damages, guiding touristic
groups; improve the services for tourists, improve the park management, etc.
Ministry should plan additional expenses for salaries and social security contributions for Kukësi DFS/
Tropoja Section. These costs are approximately 5.47 per cent of the total cost needed to implement the
management plan.
4.4 Financial Plan for Valbona Valley National Park
The total costs require for the implementation of the Management Plan amount to 1,420,450 EUR.
Table 10 shows that the funding requirements for implementing the management plan varying among
years from 383,112EUR for the year 2014 to 197,242 EUR for the year 2018. The annual total costs for
implementation of the management plan are not divided uniformly for the period 2015–2019.
Implementation of the plan requires more funds in the first and the second year than in the coming
years. The Ministry should immediately reflect in the mid-term budget 2015-2017 the funds required
for implementation of the management plan.
(Annex IV) are calculated.
Money is required for annual operating budgets, capital investment, protection enforcement, tourism
activities. The greater expenses are needed for the program “Develop sustainable agriculture and
socio-economic development” and program “Develop the recreational and touristic offer”, respectively
33.36% and 32.94% of the total costs (Table 19). However, to begin implementation of the
management plan requires substantial increase of funds for program management and administration
for the year 2015.
Based on the calculations it results that the Ministry should allocate additional funds from the state
budget for operational costs and investments to the protected area of Valona Valley National Park. The
lack of adequate financial resources is one of the main constraints to the effective management of PAs.
The salary and social insurance of the existing staff are not included in the calculation.
121
Table 19: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Valbona Valley National Park Area
As % to
Thethi National Park Area 17,850 3,570 3,570 3,570 3,570 3,570 1.26
20,700 11,350 9,350 1.46
Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation 169,200 45,700 36,500 29,000 29,000 29,000 11.91
area are not adversely affected by human activities 5,000 5,000 0.35
deterioration of habitats 160,000 36,500 36,500 29,000 29,000 29,000 11.26
Foster broad community stewardship and commitment to the conservation of species
of specific level of protection 4,200 4,200 0.30
Development the recreation and touristic offer 467,940 121,520 91,320 92,700 71,200 91,200 32.94
and educational experience of protected area users 14,700 11,700 1,500 1,500 1.03
heritage values of the protected area 435,240 103,820 83,820 89,200 69,200 89,200 30.64
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner 18,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1.27
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic development 473,900 96,900 121,500 126,500 58,000 71,000 33.36
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming 74,300 24,580 22,180 14,180 6,680 6,680 5.23
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands 54,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 9,000 9,000 3.80
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood 305,600 50,320 77,320 95,320 32,320 50,320 21.51
Support to sustainable Forestry 40,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 2.82
and inform its management 45,000 10,800 10,800 7,800 7,800 7,800 3.17

Grand Total 1,420,450 383,112 321,212 288,592 197,242 230,292 100.00
4.5 Staffing needs for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve and Valbona Valley NP are supervised by the DFS of Kuksi/Tropoja
Section. Aditional staff needed for Valbona Valley NP management and the existing staff of the DFS are
sufficient for the supervision and management of Gashi River SNR; thus there is no need to recruit
additional staff to implement management plan for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve.
4. 6 Financial Plan for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
The total costs require for the implementation of the Management Actions for Gashi River Strict Nature
122
Reserve amount to 145,410 EUR. Table 10 shows that the funding requirements for implementing the
management plan varying among years from 49,300EUR for the year 2015 to 20,020 EUR for the years
2017-2019. The annual total costs for implementation of the management plan are not divided
uniformly for the period 2015–2019. Implementation of the plan requires more funds in the first and
the second year than in the coming years. The Ministry should immediately reflect in the mid-term
budget 2015-2017 the funds required for implementation of the management plan.
(Annex III) are calculated.
Funds are needed for the implementation of the two programs: “Strengthen the protected area
management system” and “Promote scientific research and education”. Funds are required for annual
operating budgets, protection enforcement, staff training, study tours, community development and
public awareness, research, as well as other activities. Requested funds for both programs are
respectively 53.68% and 46.32% of the total costs (Table 20). However, to begin implementation of the
management plan requires increase of funds for program management and administration for the year
2015.
Based on the calculations it results that the Ministry should allocate additional funds from the state
budget for operational costs and scientific research to Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve. The lack of
adequate financial resources is one of the main constraints to the effective management of PAs. The
salary and social insurance of the existing staff are not included in the calculation.
Table 20: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
As % to
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of Thethi
National Park Area 20,000 5,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 13.75
24,200 12,050 10,050 700 700 700 16.64
Encourage research that will provide knowledge of the values of the protected area and
inform its management 35,000 8,800 8,800 5,800 5,800 5,800 24.07

Grand Total 145,410 49,300 36,050 20,020 20,020 20,020 100.00
123
PART 5: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT

Monitoring and evaluation plans help managers evaluate the effectiveness of the management
strategies, and create the data necessary for implementing adaptive management measures.
Monitoring and evaluation should focus on measuring the success of biodiversity conservation,
contribution to mitigating major threats, the implementation of activities or tasks, and the results of
management practices.
Monitoring and evaluation under Albanian Apls management plan takes into consideration the fact that
this is the first management plan ever prepared for the protected areas included, although the sites
have been designated as protected areas since 1996. The effective implementation of this
management plan is a real challenge, provided the current legal and institutional arrangements related
to protected areas administration and management in Albania, as well as the existing conditions and
threats to nature and cultural assets of the the tree protected areas within Albanian Alps. However, the
implementation of the first management plan may be strengthened by increasing the participation of
all stakeholders and local communities in the whole management planning process, including
monitoring and evaluation. Participatory monitoring and evaluation (PME) is a process, composed of
four phases that aims to an improved joint management of the protected areas.
 Phase 1: Preparation includes agreement on the PME process, identification of criteria and
indicators to be monitored and evaluated.
 Phase 2: Data Collection on indicators through interviews and documents.
 Phase 3: Analysis and Interpretation, through joint analysis, giving value to indicators, initial
recommendations and preparation of M&E draft report.
 Phase 4: Feedback and Validation (sharing results, recommend actions to improve the PA
management, validating the assessment).
124
Figure 2: Participatory monitoring and evaluation process (adapted from Hockings et al. 2006)
The key words for Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) process are criteria and indicators, therefore
setting up a set of criteria and indicators in a participatory approach are crucial for an effective M&E of
the management plan implementation. In order to measure the effectiveness of the implementation of
actions of the MP towards those targets, a number of indicators are set up to be monitored and
evaluated for each of the protected areas (Thethi National Park, Valbona Valley National Park and
Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve). The effectiveness of MP implementation over the next five years has
to be measured by local administration in collaboration with other local stakeholders by filling step by
step the Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheets (METS).
5.1 Monitoring & Evaluation of Thethi National Park Management Actions
The METS for Thethi National Park as proposed by this management plan is given in the following table
(Table 21).
125
Table 21: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Thethi NP Management Plan
0 = not started; 1 = in
Program / Objective / Strategic Action Indicators
process; 2 = completed
Realization Evaluation /
Modification /
Remarks
0 1 2
1 Program 1: Strengthen the protected area management system
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act for visitors
1.1 Objective
and users of Thethi National Park Area.
Strategic action
Establish cooperation with trans boundary PA
MoU approved and signed by all
1 administration in Montenegro. Prepare MoU for PA and
parts
wildlife protection.
No. of identified case of illegal
hunting
2 Enforce of the law on hunting No. and type of sanctions applied and
executed for illegal hunting
Improved co-operation
No. of fines collected.
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the PA;
Regular monitoring of the sites of the
periodical monitoring of the area recovering; Impose
3 closed activities.
fines for violation of the law related activities within the
Monitor the increase of the
PA.
rehabilitated surface area
Control and prevention of fires in forests and pasture
No of cases identified and sanctions
areas, prosecute authors of induced fires. Coordinate fire
4 No. of fines collected.
control mechanisms with Communes, DFS and land
owners.
Volume of fees imposed and
collected in the non-core zone.
Control and regulate grazing activities making sure No and type of sanctions applied and
5
management plan recommendation are respected executed.
No and type of sanctions applied and
executed in the core zone.
Human activities within the PA
effectively controlled;
Volume of fees collected for
Control all human activities inside the park territory.
permitted activities;
6 Collect fees for all permitted activities, according to
No. of cases with violation of permit
management regime in entire park area. (extend beyond the permit)
No. of sanctions applied and
executed for illegal activities.
Reconsider the current requests for 5 Hydropower Hydropower requests revised
7 constructions along Shala River. Make sure EIA reports carefully by authorised and
are prepared professional authorities.
Control the communal forest management by the Communal forest managed
8
communes. sustainably and correctly
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection. Enforce Collection of medicinal plants under
the ban of medicinal plants where foreseen and regulate DFS control.
medicinal plant collection in other zones and subzones Fees collected regularly.
9
according to the MP and park zoning, especially for Volume of fees collected
endemic herbs in Shala and Thethi areas. Collection of No. of sanctions imposed and
fees for medicinal herbs collection. executed
Control and discipline of funds/incomes obtained by all
Funds from natural resources use
10 activities within the park area such as medicinal herbs
under control
collection, hunting, logging fees.
Introduce a licenses scheme for medicinal herbs Medicinal herbs collection organized
11
collection for persons or group of persons based on in villages and under control.
126
villages they represent. No. of authorized persons/groups per

village.
Control and regulate recreational activities inside the
Recreational activities under DFS
park territory, especially those linked with visitor routes
control.
in Grunas Fall, Grunas Canyon, Okoli springs, Gjecaj Fall,
12 Volume of fees collected
Blue eye in Nderhysa/Kaprre area (buffer zone of NP).
No. of fines imposed and collected
Collect fees for services provided.
pursuant to the law on waste
Establishment of solid waste collection system.
Clarify the rights, obligations and tasks for Communes as
Clarified competences of Communes,
owner of forest and pasture and those of DFS as
13 DFSs and users/farmers Effective
responsible of management of public forests and pasture
control of entire area
lands;
Establishment of a Joint Management Committee for the
14 park areas (list) with membership from local and central MC established and operational
authorities and stakeholders.
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by
strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective law
1.2 Objective
enforcement and prosecution service for violation of environmental
requirements
Strategic action
Define the need for investments in private owned land Share of investments between Land
1 within the park area. Improve the management of owners/forest and pasture owners.
incomes among private owners, DFSs and Communes. Incomes managed effectively
Recruit additional staff for DFS in Shkodra four
An effective park authority in place;
2 employees are needed: 1 communication expert; 2
4 additional staff employed
forest engineers and 1 biologist.
Job performance improvement of the
key staff;
3 Provide on the job training for DFS staff, commune staff.
Number of trainings and number of
trained staff
Train community representatives on: planning and
No of trainings realized.
supervision of activities, joint action for fires prevention,
No. of trained people.
4 monitoring and response, application of sanctions, and
Park activities supervised
provision of support to individuals to enhance their fire
professionally
management tasks.
Improve mobility and operation of the staff and rangers All equipment purchased and put
at DFS in Shkodra, through purchasing of: 4 motorbikes into operation; increased
5
and one 4x4 vehicle, 1 GPS, 1 Binoculars, 1 professional performance of park staff and
camera rangers
Create and regularly update a joint webpage for the Alps Web page of the PA created and in
6
area, including a regular newsletter function, regularly updated
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local
1.3 Objective
stakeholders.
Strategic action
Prepare and approve a memorandum of cooperation
Cooperation plan prepared and
1 between Montenegro international authorities for
approved
effective management of the entire park area.
Organize study tours to EU protected areas for local
2 Increased efficiency of DFS staff
stakeholders and DFS staff
Increased efficiency of PA staff,
Exchange periodical visits in transboundary protected
3 Management
areas in Albania and Montenegro.
Program 2: Increase habitat and biodiversity protection and conservation

Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the
2.1 Objective
protected area are not adversely affected by human activities
Strategic action
Evaluate the possibility to introduce an entrance fee to Solid waste in the process of control,
1
the Protected Area, including a waste collection fee for money generated for DSF and
127
tourists. The appropriate areas for the establishment of Communes

structures for the collection of the entrance fee are Qafe
Thore and Shkembi i Thethit
The traditional livestock breed well
Identify the traditional livestock sheep breeds (e.g.
2 defined;
“Merinos” sheep).
Promote the maintenance of high water quality; prevent the
2.2 Objective
degradation and deterioration of habitats
Strategic action
Establishment and maintenance of waste containers in
Containers established and in
1 the Protected Area along trails, near monuments, etc.;
function
with priority to Camp of Thethi Field
Rehabilitation of natural springs /fountains in park area Natural springs/fountains
2
in Camp of Thethi Field and Micani spring rehabilitated
Identify measures for erosion prevention and control. Reduction of erosion and
3 Integration of biological and technical measures for sedimentation load into water
erosion prevention and control. sources
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in entire park area
Erosion prevent measures in place
and banks construction (banks with stones, with
Increased forest surfaces
4 concrete belts and wire net) for the erosion prevention
Reduction of eroded areas
in park with high priority to Shellinza stream and Gjecaj
stream.
Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the
2.3 Objective
conservation of species of specific level of protection
Strategic action
Identify suitable sites near water sources as future
Site protected proclamation by
1 protected sites for fish reproduction purposes, mainly at
Minister Order
Thethi springs
Entrances and breeding zones
Determine corridors for wildlife to freely move through
identified;
2 Montenegro. Maintenance of existing corridors of Shtegu
Existing corridors well maintained.
i dhenve, Qafa e Valbones.
Identify sites of high/special protection for endangered
species as Lynx, Chamois, Roe deer, Brown bear, and Sites of special protection for
3 Golden eagle; most important sites should be located at endangered species defined and
Radohima, Peja area, Zorzi, Shtegu i dhenve, Kurora e approved
Thethit.
3 Program 3: Develop the recreational and touristic offer
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to
3.1 Objective
the recreational and educational experience of protected area users
Strategic action
Identification and analysis of actual tourism trend in Tourism managed and developed in
1 Thethi Field and Gjecaj; improvement of tourist a sustainable way
management.
Preparation of territorial planning and tourism
2 Inter Local Plan prepared, and
development plan for the park area.
approved
Prepare a feasibility study on the possibilities for guided
3 tours in the area. Provision of training to internal staff in Increased number of visitors
ecotourism guiding.
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological
3.2 Objective
and cultural heritage values of the protected area
Strategic action
Establishment of trails, maps, guidelines printed, Preferred places, rails trail crossings
1 orientation tables and signs demarcated in the entire inventoried, recorded in the guide
park area maps, timetables and index field
Keep record of the potentials use of natural resources
Mountain tourism developed
2 without affecting their ecological status (e.g. natural and
sustainably
cultural monuments within and close to the park area.
Promote cultural tourism, and eco tourism in a
3 Touristic activities harmonised
sustainable manner
Development of mountain tourism in a sustainable way Mountain tourism developed and
4
in park area promoted regularly
5 Definition of specific camping areas in Okol and Thethi specific camping areas defined
128
Field.
Establish and provide updated information on park Shared park information; Increased
6
values at touristic information centre in Shkodra city. number of visitors;
Maintenance of the trails to Thethi Field – Peja peak;
Qafe Thore – Shtegu i dhenve – Radohime – Malesi e Trails opened permanently; increase
7
Madhe; Thethi Field – Qafa e Valbones – Rragam – of visitors
Valbona Valley; Kaprrej – Qafe Thore
Maintenance of trails connecting the villages of the Trails established and opened;
entire PA as Grunas – Fushe Theth – Thethi Camp – Okol; Increased cooperation/marketing
8
Gjelaj – Fushe Theth among villages and districts;
Identify possible financial supports for the touristic
Financial support potentials
9 development of the natural ski field in Meadow of
identified
Micenve; Nenrrethi meadows
Provide trainings to DFS, Commune staff related Number of trained persons;
10
preparation of touristic guides, eco guides. increase of visitors number
Preparation work for parking places construction within Improved parking and services to
11
the protected area (Fushe Theth, Okol). park visitors
Monuments protected and
Maintenance and protection of nature monuments and
mantained; Traditional houses
12 characteristic architecture of typical traditional houses in
maintained; Increased number of
entire Thethi area.
visitors.
Identify financial support for reconstruction of old typical Typical houses reconstructed and in
13 houses; Adaption of new houses to mountain territory function; Increased number of
features. visitors.
3.3 Objective Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner
Strategic action
Production and installation of information and park Interpretation panels produced;
1
interpretation panels Increased number of visitors
Orientation of tourists within the
Establishment of signs and tables within the park area;
2 park;
preparation specific leaflets about the park
Visitors informed about the park area
Different type of eco guides
Preparation of nature guides/eco-guides suitable for
3 produced and distributed
different interest-groups and age-groups
Provide full inventory of natural and cultural monuments
Promotion material prepared and
4 in all the territory of PA and share maps catalogues with
distributed
locations and access ways.
4 Program 4: Develop sustainable agriculture and socio - economic activities
4.1 Objective Promote sustainable agriculture and farming

Strategic action
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products in order to
reduce level of chemical fertilizers and pesticides Increased land surface covered with
(provide training on organic farming) in entire PA area organic agriculture products (Bio –
1
Investigate financial support mechanisms rural products); increase of organic
development schemes to promote organic farming farming products
among farmers.
Promote and support the traditional cultivation of
autochthonous potato of Thethi, white beans of Shala as Increased local product production
2
well other organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and and cultivated surface
pepper.
Promotion of local production of vegetables, fruits, and Increased organic local products
3
diaries with the well-known local names. trade
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products processing
centres and their certification (seasonal diaries); Improved processing technology and
4
Improvement of processing technology in the existing product quality
diaries in Fushe Thethi area
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil recover and
Pilot schemes implementation
5 better erosion control, through implementation schemes
started
for payment of environmental services
Identify traditionally planted cultivars of potato and Cultivars traditionally planted
6 white beans and undertake the first steps on seed identified;
production Increased seed production
129
Support farmers to lessen the kind of foreign livestock

Decreased foreign livestock breed;
breeds especially sheep that are imported in recent years
7 Increased traditional livestock breed
and replace with traditional as for example “Merinos”
sheep
Installation of mangers for livestock in natural water
Mangers for livestock established
8 sources in Terthore Peja peak, Nenrrethi meadows.
Existing mangers rehabilitated
Rehabilitation of mangers for livestock in Peja area.
Increase of cultivated surface;
Cultivation and promotion of Chestnuts in the buffer
9 increase marketing; increase local
zone of the park, especially in Breglumi area.
incomes
Organisation of periodical/seasonal fairs in Shkodra area Local organic products promoted;
10 promoting and marketing the local typical agriculture Increase of local incomes;
and farming products of Thethi NP. Increase of no. of visitors.
Promote ecologically and
4.2 Objective economically sound management of
all grazing lands
Strategic action
Defining of grazing areas and their grazing capacity;
Establish a programme to appoint grazing areas based on Grazing areas defined; grazing
1
capacity of the area, especially those of Buni i Terthores capacity defined and controlled
and Peja peak;
Undertake pasture cleaning services, especially cleaning
2 from weeds, toxic herbs and stones, especially in Okol Pasture surfaces well maintained
and Peja areas.
Establish models to support the seasonal stay in high
mountain pastures such as, infrastructure for shepherds Temporary structures for shepherd
3
and seasonal stables for livestock in Terthore and Peja and livestock stay in place
peak. (Infrastructure for livestock temporary abode).
Identify natural pasture sites for mowing purposes, in Natural pastures identified;
4 order to provide the livestock nutrient base during Increase of nutrients quantity for
winter. livestock
4.3 Promote beekeeping, medical plants
Objective cultivation and sustainable
livelihood
Strategic action
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high quality
Increased bee hives and honey
honey, certification of such a product and its marketing;
1 production
Discourage the artificial nutrition of bees in order to
Improved honey quality
improve the honey quality
Increased number of beekeepers;
Support beekeeping and facilitate the seasonal transport
2 increased quantity of honey
of beehives, especially in Gjelaj, Nenrreth, Gjecaj villages.
production
Limitations and control of grazing in areas of importance Increased honey production;
3 for bee keeping and medicinal plants in the pastures of increased natural surfaces of
park area. medicinal herbs
Medicinal herbs commerce and
Establishment of medicinal plants collection centre on collection under control’
4
geographical basis mainly in Breglumi area. Collection centres established and in
function
Provide trainings to medicinal plants collectors in the Number of trained persons;
5
entire park area. Controlled medicinal herbs collection
Establish areas for cultivation of some medicinal plants Increased surface of cultivations with
6
that are highly required by the market, as Orchids . medicinal plants
Establish small scale medicinal plants processing centres Small scale processing centre
7
in Breglumi area. established
4.4 Objective Support to sustainable Forestry
Strategic action
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and protection of
forests from diseases caused by chestnut cancer and Forests monitored regularly;
1
the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in Tree diseases under control
pine forests.
Beech Forest improvementin antire park and especially Forests maintained and under
2
in Thethi area. control
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged parts) in
3 Forest service’s carried out regularly
forests of entire park territory
130
Increase of regenerated natural

4 Forestation of burned sites in Okol area forest land
Burned areas reduced
Forest protection from fires.
Establishment and maintenance of corridors (mainly in Forests controlled periodically.
5
Thethi area) for fire prevention. Habitat maintained correctly
4.5. Objective Support to sustainable Fishery

Aquaculture activity development;
Provide help to authorised/licensed individuals for the
Increase of Trout production and
1 establishment of small hatcheries for trout increase in
marketing
Thethi springs and Okoli springs.
Increase of visitors.
5 Program 5: Promote scientific research and education
Encourage research that will provide
knowledge of the values of the
5.1 Objective
protected area and inform its
management
Strategic action
1 Update periodically the existing habitat map according Periodical updated, and detailed
Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all environmental habitat map for the National Park
developments within park area. according Natura 2000 categorization
2 Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in order Study report on medicinal plants of
to update the existing data the park
3 Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park flora
Study report on park flora and fauna
and fauna in order to update the existing data
4 Develop educational and promotional programs Lectures, events, contests, and other
(professional practices programs) for local schools and extracuricular activities related to
local communities park
5 Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water
Periodical report on water
quality in the entire park area and drinking water
parameters, quality and ecology
parameters Micani and Okolareas/springs
6 Identification of rare species and habitats and develop The Recovery programme prepared
the recovery programme. and approved.
7 List of the threatened plants and
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora
flora’
locations and undertake measures for protection
Protection measures identified
Improve public awareness,
understanding and appreciation of
the environments of the protected
5.2 Objective
area and the potential impacts of
human activities on these
environments
Strategic action
Organize forest and pasture users trainings on Number of people trained
1
sustainable economic activities Number of people employed
Increased cooperation and
Support to local NGOs and media on awareness raising
2 engagement of stakeholders in the
activities
Produce posters, year calendar of events including Posters, leaflets, program on walks,
3 religious activities, information leaflets, for promoting guides, etc. produced and
the area. Production of visitor guide. disseminated
5.2 Monitoring & Evaluation of Valbona National Park Management Actions
The METS for Valbona National Park as proposed by this management plan is given in the following
table (Table 22).
131
Table 22: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Valbona NP Management Plan
0 = not started; 1 = in process;

2 = completed
Modification /
Remarks
0 1 2
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act for visitors and
1.1 Objective
users of Valbona Valley National Park Area.
Strategic action
No. of identified case of illegal hunting
Enforce of the law on hunting. No. and type of sanctions applied and
1
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the Regular monitoring of the sites of the
2 PA; periodical monitoring of the area recovering; closed activities.
Impose fines for violation of the closure decision Monitor the increase of the rehabilitated
surface area
Control, prevent and follow up on fires in forests
No of cases identified and sanctions
and pastures, prosecute authors of intentional fires.
3 No. of fines collected.
Coordinate fire control with Communes, DFS and
land owners.
Volume of fees imposed and collected in
the non-core zone
Control and regulate grazing activities respecting No and type of sanctions applied and
4
management plan recommendation. executed.
No and type of sanctions applied and
executed in the core zone.
Close the illegal quarry within Park territory (Qyteti
5 Shoshajt) and control the rehabilitation process Illegal quarry closed; area rehabilitated
from the company.
Human activities within the PA effectively
controlled;
Volume of fees collected for permitted
Control all human activities inside the park territory.
activities;
6 Collect fees for all permitted activities, according to
No. of cases with violation of permit
management regime in entire park area. (extend beyond the permit)
No. of sanctions applied and executed for
illegal activities.
Hydropower activity revised carefully by
Control of the quantity of water used for
competent authorities
7 hydropower activity; Monitor the environmental
Environmental impact monitored closely.
impacts.
Control the communal forest and pastures Communal forest managed sustainably
8
management by the communes. and correctly
Collection of medicinal plants under DFS
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection.
control.
Enforce the ban of medicinal plants according to the
9 Fees collected regularly.
MP and park zoning especially for the blueberry.
Volume of fees collected
Collection fees for medicinal herbs collection.
No. of sanctions imposed and executed
Control and discipline of funds/incomes obtained by
Funds from natural resources use under
10 all activities within the park area such as medicinal
control
herbs collection, grazing, logging fees.
Licenses issued for regular and correct medicinal Medicinal herbs collection organized in
11
herbs collection to the authorized persons or group villages and under control.
132
of persons based in villages they represent. No. of authorized persons/groups per

village.
Control and regulate recreational activities inside
the park territory, especially those linked with Recreational activities under DFS control.
visitor routes in Valbone – Theth; Dragobi – Gashi Volume of fees collected
12
River; Padesh – Gashi River. Collect fees for services No. of fines imposed and collected
provided. pursuant to the law on waste
Establishment of solid waste collection system.
Clarify the rights, obligations and tasks of
Communes as owner of forest and pasture for Clarified competences of Communes, DFS,
13 communal forest, and those of DFS as management Inspectorate and users/farmers Effective
authority of public forest and pasture land. Carry control of entire area
out regular inspection and report;
Establishment of a joint Management Committee
14 for Alps area with membership of local authorities MC established and operative
and stakeholders.
1.2 Objective strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement and
prosecution service for violation of environmental requirements
Strategic action
Define the need for investments in private owned Share of investments between Land
1 land within the park area and incomes management owners/forest and pasture owners
among private owners, DFSs and Communes. Incomes managed effectively
Recruit additional staff from the area, for Kuksi DFS/
An effective park authority in place;
2 Tropoja Section; four employees are needed: 1
4 additional staff employed
Tourism expert; 3 forest engineers
Job performance improvement of the key
staff;
3 Provide in job training for DFS staff, commune staff.
number of trainings and number of
trained staff
Train community representatives on planning and
supervision of activities, joint action for fire rescue No of trainings realized
4 and prevention, fire monitoring and response, No. of trained people
applying sanctions, and providing support to Park activities supervised professionally
individuals to enhance their fire management tasks.
Improve mobility and operation of the staff and
All equipment purchased and put into
rangers for DFS in Kuksi/Tropoja Section, through
5 operation; increased performance of park
purchasing 2 motorbikes one 4x4 vehicle, 1 GPS, 1
staff and rangers
Binoculars,
Create and keep update a webpage for the Alps Web page of the PA created and in
6
area, including a regular newsletter function, regularly updated
Equip DFS staff with park uniforms; Establishment
Equipped staff with park uniforms. Guest
7 of a guest house/building in Dragobi under Kuksi
building established and in function
DFS/Tropoja section.
1.3 Objective
stakeholders.
Strategic action
Organize study tours to EU PA in which all local
stakeholders and DFS staff may take part
Program 2: Increase habitat and biodiversity protection and conservation
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the
2.1 Objective
protected area are not adversely affected by human activities
Strategic action
Evaluate the possibilities to introduce an entrance
fee to the Protected Area, including a garbage
Solid waste in the process of control,
1 collection fee for tourists; The appropriate area for
money generated for DSF and Communes
the establishment of structures for the collection of
the entrance fee is Shoshan (Qyteti i Shoshajve)
133
2.2 Objective
deterioration of habitats
Strategic action
Establishment and maintenance of waste containers
in the Protected Area along trails, near monuments,
1 Containers established and in function
etc.; Immediate need of waste containers in
Valbona area, from Paskollat to Fusha e Gjese.
Identify measures for erosion prevention and
Reduction of erosion and sedimentation
2 control. Integration of biological and technical
load into water sources
measures for erosion prevention and control.
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in Valbona area
Erosion prevent measures in place
and banks construction (banks with stones, with
Increased forest surfaces
3 concrete belts and wire net) for the erosion
Reduction of eroded areas
prevention from Dragobia to Paskollat area (in the
right site of Valbona River)
Banks construction and maintenance for discipline
River basin maintained;
4 of Valbona River basin and flood prevention from
Flood prevention
Rragami i Shales to the end of Valbona village.
Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation
2.3 Objective
of species of specific level of protection
Strategic action
Identify suitable sites near water sources as future
Site protected proclamation by Minister
1 protected sites for trout reproduction purposes
Order
from Rragam village to the ending part of the park.
Identify sites of high/special protection for
endangered species as Lynx, Chamois and Roe deer; Sites of special protection for endangered
2
For park area most important sites should be species defined and approved
located in Cerem, Valbona and Rragam.
3 Program 3: Develop the recreational and touristic offer
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the
3.1 Objective
recreational and educational experience of protected area users
Strategic action
Identification and analysis of actual touristic visits Tourism managed and developed in a
1 trend in Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Shales; sustainable way
management of touristic visits in a correct way.
Preparation of the Inter Local Plan of territorial
2
planning and tourism development in the park area. Inter Local Plan prepared, and approved
Prepare a feasibility study on the possibilities for
3 guided tours in the area. Training of internal staff in Increased number of visitors
ecotourism guiding.
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and
3.2 Objective
cultural heritage values of the protected area
Strategic action
Establishment of trails, printing of maps &
guidelines, placement of orientation tables and Preferred places, rails trail crossings
1 tourists signs in the entire park area (with priority to inventoried, recorded in the guide maps,
Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Shales ) in Albanian and timetables and index field
English languages
Keep record of the potentials of natural resources
use without affecting their ecological status (e.g.
2 Mountain tourism developed sustainably
natural and cultural monuments within and close to
the park area).
Harmonization of cultural tourism, and eco tourism
3 Touristic activities harmonised
in a sound manner
Development and promotion of mountain tourism Mountain tourism developed and
4
in a sustainable way in park area promoted regularly
Definition of specific camping areas along Valbona
5 River area, from Klysyra to Gjelaj areas; from Kukaj specific camping areas defined
to Markocaj areas.
Provide updated information for the existing
information centre in Valbona. Establish and Shared park information; Increased
6
provide updated information on park values for number of visitors;
touristic information centre in Dragobia area. .
Establishment of a trail to Bajram Curri Cave and Trails opened permanently; increase of
7
tables/signs along the trail. visitors
134
Maintenance of the trails to Dragobi – Gashi River;

Valbona – Qafa e Valbones – Theth; Valbona –
Gryket e Hapura – Curraj i Eperm.
Trails established and opened;
Maintenance of trails connecting the villages of the
Increased cooperation/marketing among
8 entire PA as Dragobi – Valbona – Rragam i Shales;
villages and districts;
Dragobi – Cerem.
Identify financial supports for the improvement of
touristic infrastructure; Identify possibilities of
9 Financial support potentials identified
legalisation/license of already constructed
restaurants of the area.
Provide trainings to DFS, and Commune staff related Number of trained persons;
10
to the preparation of touristic guides, eco guides. increase of visitors number
Conduct feasibility study and project design for
Improved parking and services to park
11 parking places construction within the protected
visitors
area
Identify possible source of financing for the
Tradition mills restructured, maintained
reconstruction of typical mill of Dragobia; mill of
12 and in function; Increased number of
Bajram Curri in Shoshai i Ceremit. Maintenance of
visitors.
the existing mill of Valbona.
Identify possible source of financing for
Typical houses reconstructed and in
13 reconstruction of old typical houses in Dragobi,
function; Increased number of visitors.
Valbona, Cerem, Rragam i Shales;
3.3 Objective Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner
Strategic action
Different type of eco guides produced and
Preparation of nature guides/eco-guides suitable for
1 distributed
different interest-groups and age-groups
Provide full inventory of natural and cultural
Promotion material prepared and
2 monuments in all the territory of PA and share maps
distributed
catalogues with locations and access ways.
4 Program 4: Develop sustainable agriculture and socio - economic activities
4.1 Objective Promote sustainable agriculture and farming

Strategic action
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products in
order to minimise the use of chemical fertilizers and Increased land surface covered with
pesticides (provide training on organic farming) in organic agriculture products (Bio –
1
entire PA area. Investigate financial support products); increase of organic farming
mechanisms rural development schemes to products
promote organic farming among farmers.
Promote and support the traditional cultivation of
autochthonous potato in Valbona and Cerem Increased local product production and
2
villages as well other organic vegetables as beans, cultivated surface
tomatoes and pepper.
Promotion of local production of vegetables, fruits,
3 Increased organic local products trade
and diaries with the well-known local names.
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products
Improved processing technology and
4 processing centres and their certification (seasonal
product quality
diaries) in Cerem, Valbona and Dragobi villages.
recover and better erosion control, through
5 Pilot schemes implementation started
implementation schemes for payment for
Establishment of mangers for livestock in Ceremi
Mangers for livestock established
6 and Valbona areas. Rehabilitation of existing
Existing mangers rehabilitated
mangers for livestock in park area.
Promote ecologically and economically
4.2 Objective
sound management of all grazing lands
Strategic action
Undertake pasture cleaning services, especially
1 Pasture surfaces well maintained
cleaning from weeds, toxic herbs and stones.
Establish the models to support the seasonal stay in
Temporary structures for shepherd and
2 high mountain pastures such as, infrastructure for
livestock stay in place
shepherds and seasonal stables for livestock
135
(Infrastructure for livestock temporary abode).

Preserve and promote the autochthonous breeds of Autochthonous breed preserved and
3 “Bardhok” sheep, autochthonous red cow and promoted;
autochthonous red goat. Increase of local farming products
4.3 Promote beekeeping, medical plants
Objective
cultivation and sustainable livelihood
Strategic action
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high quality
Increased bee hives and honey production
1 honey, certification of such a product and its
Improved honey quality
marketing;
Support beekeeping and facilitate the seasonal
Increased number of beekeepers;
2 transport of beehives, especially in Valbona and
increased quantity of honey production
Dragobi villages. Increase the number of beehives.
Medicinal herbs commerce and collection
Establishment of medicinal plants collection centre
under control’
3 on geographical basis mainly in Dragobi and Cerem
Collection centres established and in
villages.
function
Provide trainings to medicinal plants collectors in Number of trained persons;
4
the entire park area. Controlled medicinal herbs collection
Establish areas for cultivation of some medicinal
Increased surface of cultivations with
5 plants that are highly required by the market, as
medicinal plants
blueberry in Cerem village.
Establish small scale medicinal plants processing
6 Small scale processing centre established
centres in Bajram Curri Town.
4.4 Objective Support to sustainable Forestry
Strategic action
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and protection
Forests monitored regularly;
1 of forests from fires and illegal logging mainly in
fires and logging under control
Cerem and from Dragobi to Markovce areas.
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged parts) of
2 entire park territory and rehabilitation of damaged Forest service’s carried out regularly
forests in Valbona area.
Increase of regenerated natural forest
Forestation with pine, fir or spruce of burned sites
3 land
in Valbona area
Burned areas reduced
5.1 Objective knowledge of the values of the protected
area and inform its management
Strategic action
1 Update periodically the existing habitat map Periodical updated, and detailed habitat
according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all map for the National Park according
environmental developments within park area. Natura 2000 categorization
2 Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in Study report on medicinal plants of the
order to update the existing data park
3 Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park
Study report on park flora and fauna
flora and fauna in order to update the existing data
4 Develop educational and promotional programs
Lectures, events, contests, and other
(professional practices programs) for local schools
extracuricular activities related to park
and local communities
quality in the entire park area and drinking water Periodical report on water parameters,
parameters Valbona River, Ceremi stream, Motina quality and ecology
Stream.
6 Identification of rare species and habitats and The Recovery programme prepared and
develop the recovery programme. approved.
7 Identify the threatened and endemic plants and
List of the threatened plants and flora’
flora locations and undertake measures for
Protection measures identified
protection
understanding and appreciation of the
5.2 Objective environments of the protected area and
the potential impacts of human activities
on these environments
136
Strategic action
Organize forest and pasture users trainings on Number of people trained
1
sustainable economic activities Number of people employed
Increased cooperation and engagement of
Support local NGOs and media on awareness raising
2 stakeholders in the administration of the
activities
PA.
Produce posters, year calendar of events including
Posters, leaflets, program on walks,
3 religious activities, information leaflets, for
guides, etc. produced and disseminated
promoting the area. Production of visitor guide.
5.3 Monitoring & Evaluation of Gashi Protected Area Management Actions
The METS for Gashi River Strict Protected Area as proposed by this management plan, is given in the
following table (Table 23).
Table 23: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Gashi PA Management Plan
0 = not started; 1 = in process;

2 = completed
Modification /
Remarks
0 1 2
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to seasonal
1.1 Objective
visitors and users of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve Area
Strategic action
Establish cooperation with transboundary of PA
1 administration in Kosovo and Montenegro; Prepare MoU approved and signed by all parts.
MoU for PA and wildlife protection.
No. of identified case of illegal hunting
Enforce the ban on hunting. No. and type of sanctions applied and
2
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the Regular monitoring of the sites of the
3 PA; periodical monitoring of the area; Impose fines closed activities.
for violation of the closure decision Monitor the increase of the
rehabilitated surface area
Control, prevent and follow up on fires in forests and No of cases identified and sanctions
4 pastures, prosecute authors of intentional fires. No. of fines collected.
Coordinate fire control with Communes and DFS.
Grazing activity banned within the area
and controlled in the buffer zone.
Control the grazing activity in the buffer zone and
5 No and type of sanctions applied and
the impacts on the strict nature reserve.
executed.
Ban all seasonal human activities inside the reserve Seasonal human activities within the PA
territory. Impose fines for the activities in order to effectively controlled;
respect the status of the area. No. of sanctions applied and executed
6 for illegal activities.
Continuous monitoring of people entrance within the
protected area. Establish a monitoring point in Entrances in the area monitored
Markovce area. continuously.
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection Collection of medicinal plants under DFS
7 outside the reserve (buffer zone). Enforce the ban of control.
medicinal plants according to the reserve status. Fees collected regularly.
137
Monitoring of impact into the strict nature reserve. Volume of fees collected
Collection fees for medicinal herbs collection. No. of sanctions imposed and executed
Licenses issued for regular and correct medicinal Medicinal herbs collection organized in
herbs collection to the authorized persons or group villages and under control.
8
of persons based in villages they represent outside No. of authorized persons/groups per
the reserve – buffer zone. village.
Manage and control the existing/heritage stables
within the strict nature reserve. Stables under control and managed
9
Prevention of construction of new stables in the effectively
area.
Ban of logging;
Minimize the logging by seasonal stable owners; use
10 Use of the damaged trees for individual
of the damaged trees for their individual needs.
consumption.
Establishment of a Joint Management Committee for
11 the Alps with membership from local and central MC established and operative
stakeholders.
1.2 Objective strengthening relevant institutions towards an effective law enforcement
and prosecution service for violation of environmental requirements
Strategic action
Job performance improvement of the
key staff;
1 Provide on job training for DFS staff, commune staff.
number of trainings and number of
trained staff
Create and keep update a webpage for the Alps area, Web page of the PA created and in
2
including a regular newsletter function, regularly updated
Equip the DFS staff supervising the reserve with PA Equipped staff with Stict nature reserve
3
uniforms; uniforms.
1.3 Objective
stakeholders.
Strategic action
Prepare and approve a MoU for cooperation
transboundaiy authorities for effective management, Cooperation plan prepared and
1
preservation and conservation of the entire Alps approved
area.
Organize study tours to EU PA in which strict nature
reserve responsible persons at DFS may take part.
Exchange periodical visits in trounsboundary Increased of efficiency of strict nature
protected areas “Prokletije” National Park in reserve staff.
3
Montenegro and “Bjeshket e Namuna” National Park Management experiences shared
in Kosovo. between countries.
knowledge of the values of the
2.1 Objective
protected area and inform its
management
Strategic action
1 Update periodically the existing habitat map
Periodical updated, and detailed habitat
according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all
map for the National Park according
environmental developments within strict nature
Natura 2000 categorization
reserve area.
2 Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in Study report on medicinal plants of the
order to update the existing data strict nature reserve.
3 Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park Study report on strict nature reserve
flora and fauna in order to update the existing data flora and fauna
quality in the entire reserve area and drinking water Periodical report on water parameters,
parameters in Gashi River, Balcina Stream, Lugu i quality and ecology
Vocit Stream, Javorri Stream.
5 Identification of rare and endemic species and The Recovery programme prepared and
138
habitats and develop the recovery programme. approved.

6 Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora List of the threatened plants and flora’
locations and undertake measures for protection Protection measures identified
understanding and appreciation of the
2.2 Objective environments of the protected area
and the potential impacts of human
activities on these environments
Strategic action
Organize awareness activities and trainings for Number of people trained
1
seasonal inhabitants of Bjeshket e Gashit area.
Increased cooperation and engagement
Support to local NGOs and media on awareness
2 of stakeholders in the administration of
raising activities
the PA.
Produce posters, information leaflets and brochures, Posters, leaflets, program on walks,
3
for promoting the area. guides, etc. produced and disseminated
139
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143
PART 7: ANNEXES: MAPS, FIGURES, RAW DATA, GRAPHICS

Annex I: Categories, Levels of Protection and Forbidden Activities
LEVELS OF
CATEGORIES PROTECTED AREA FORBIDDEN ACTIVITIES
PROTECTION
Cutting of trees and bushes;
Utilization of chemicals and chemical fertilizers;
Construction of any kind;
Mining of minerals and turfs;
Hunting and fishing;
Light of fires;
Grazing, domestic animals' passage and construction of objects for
Strict nature
I First their shelter;
reserve
Establishment of recreational, amusement and sports complexes;
Passage through paths except of the owner or the person that uses
the land;
Circulation with vehicles of any kind with the exception of the vehicle
of administration for protection of reservation and the fire brigade;
Sailing in boats, canoe and other means of sailing;
Intensive reproduction of hunting animals.
Land use with intensive technology, with means and manners that
cause fundamental changes in biodiversity, structure and functions of
ecosystems or that damage irreversibly the land surface;
Neutralization of wastes of an origin outside the territory of the
national park;
Dissemination of non-country animals and plants in case when they
bring changes in the area biodiversity;
Intensive reproduction of hunting animals with exception of saving
reproduction;
Construction of roads, motor-ways, railways, urban areas, lines of high
II National Park Second
voltage and long distance systems of diesel and gas;
Washing and sprinkling of roads with chemicals;
Planting of monoculture forests ;
Light of fires outside the perimeter of assigned places;
Circulation of transport means out of the assigned roads;
Hunting;
Mining of minerals, stones, turfs, with exception of gravel and sand for
the maintenance of the park;
Massive sports and tourism activity outside the assigned places;
Organization of rallies with automobiles and motorbikes.
Nature
III First
Monument
Change of natural state of water reservations, resources, lakes and
wetlands systems;
Chemicals storage;
Circulation and parking of vehicles out of the roads and parking places;
Nature Managed
IV Third Collection of plants, minerals, paleontological discoveries and stones;
Reserve
Establishment and functioning of facilities for military and protection
purposes;
Placement of advertisement boards and data, signs and posters with
exception of those that provide data on reservation protection
144
objectives;
Mountain climbing, skiing, camping and light of fire outside the
assigned places.
Planting of monoculture forests;
Neutralization of waste and light of fires outside of assigned places;
Dissemination of animals and non-country originated plants;
Hunting with poisoned food;
Protected Construction of motorways, sailing canals and urban areas;
V Fourth
landscape Circulation with transport means out of roads and assigned places.
This rule shall be not applied for state vehicles, agricultural and
forestry machinery, fire brigade vehicles, ambulances, water
management and veterinary services machinery;
Organization of rallies with vehicles, motorbikes and bicycles.
Protected area of
VI managed Fourth
resources
145
Annex II: Zoning Assessment Methodology

First step – GIS analysis
Each management zone is proposed to be subdivided into a number of habitat types. These types will
partly follow the Emerald/Corinne system supplemented by broad classes of relevant non-natural
habitats such as agriculture, fruit orchards, pastures etc. The habitat will be roughly mapped and the
area of each type will be estimated based on analysis of aerial photos and observations during field
work.
 Analysis of ortho-photos for protected areas

 Analyses of CORINE habitat maps
 GIS-overlay of ortho- and habitat maps and management zones for those areas that
have a zoning today
 Use of geo-coded photo from Google Earth and other sources to assess and further
detail the habitats in the areas
 Based on first step office analysis second step is field work.
Second step - Field work and Local stakeholder consultation
In most PA the zoning may already be applied and the field work will to some extend be concentrated
on verifying the borders between the different zones. For protected landscape the zones are defined
based on field observation, discussion with managers and studies of aerial photos.
 Verification and adjustment if evaluated necessary of existing four management zones

in Protected Areas that already have a zoning according to law.
 Proposal for new management zones in areas without existing zoning.
 Verification of habitats within each management zone
 Description of habitats within each management zone will be based on the following
field observation:
 Basic vegetation
 Important natural values
 Observation of red listed and species with special protection
 Naturalness and potential nature value
 Present management activities
 Threats
Third step – Documentation and reporting
 Geo-coded photo from the field

 Standard descriptions of each habitat in the area
 Proposal for new zoning and adjustment of zones if needed
146
Annex III: Budget separated into programs and actions for Thethi
National Park Area
Total Cost
Strengthen the protected area management system (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to visitors and users of Thethi
16,050 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210
National Park Area
No
Establish cooperation with trans boundary PA administration in Montenegro. Prepare MoU for PA and wildlife
additional
protection
cost
No
Enforce of the law on hunting additional
cost
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the PA; periodical monitoring of the area recovering; Impose fines
1,875 375 375 375 375 375
for violation of the law related activities within the PA
Control and prevention of fires in forests and pasture areas, prosecute authors of induced fires. Coordinate fire
1,725 345 345 345 345 345
control mechanisms with Communes, DFS and land owners
3,600 720 720 720 720 720

Control and regulate grazing activities making sure management plan recommendation are respected
No
Control all human activities inside the park territory. Collect fees for all permitted activities, according to
additional
management regime in entire park area
cost
No
Reconsider the current requests for 5 Hydropower constructions along Shala River. Make sure EIA
additional
reports are prepared
cost
Control the communal forest management by the communes 3,300 660 660 660 660 660
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection. Enforce the ban of medicinal plants where foreseen and
regulate medicinal plant collection in other zones and subzones according to the MP and park zoning, 3,600 720 720 720 720 720
especially for endemic herbs in Shala and Thethi areas. Collection of fees for medicinal herbs collection.
Control and discipline of funds/incomes obtained by all activities within the park area such as medicinal No
herbs collection, hunting, logging fees. additional
cost
No
Introduce a licenses scheme for medicinal herbs collection for persons or group of persons based on
additional
villages they represent
cost
Control and regulate recreational activities inside the park territory, especially those linked with visitor
routes in Grunas Fall, Grunas Canyon, Okoli springs, Gjecaj Fall, Blue eye in Nderhysa/Kaprre area
(buffer zone of NP). Collect fees for services provided. 1,950 390 390 390 390 390
Establishment of solid waste collection system
No
Clarify the rights, obligations and tasks for Communes as owner of forest and pasture and those of DFS
additional
as responsible of management of public forests and pasture lands;
cost
Establishment of a Joint Management Committee for the park areas (list) with membership from local No
and central authorities and stakeholders. additional
cost
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening relevant
institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of
environmental requirements 212,260 107,472 36,772 22,622 22,672 22,722
Define the need for investments in private owned land within the park area. Improve the incomes No
management among private owners, DFSs and Communes. additional
cost
Recruit additional staff for DFS in Shkodra four employees are needed: 1 communication expert; 2 forest
engineers and 1 biologist. 77,760 15,552 15,552 15,552 15,552 15,552
Provide on the job training for DFS staff, commune staff 12,600 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520
Train community representatives on: planning and supervision of activities, joint action for fires
prevention, monitoring and response, application of sanctions, and provision of support to individuals to
enhance their fire management tasks 8,400 4,200 4,200
Improve mobility and operation of the staff and rangers at DFS in Shkodra, through purchasing of: 4
motorbikes and one 4x4 vehicle, 1 GPS, 1 Binoculars, 1 professional camera 82,250 73,550 2,100 2,150 2,200 2,250
Create and update a webpage for the PA , including a regular newsletter 14,500 4,900 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400
Equip DFS staff with park uniforms; Establishment of a multi functional centre in Thethi Camp area under
16,750 6,750 10,000
DFS of Shkodra.
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders 24,200 12,050 10,050 700 700 700
No
Prepare and approve a memorandum of cooperation between Montenegro international authorities for
additional
effective management of the entire park area
cost
Organize study tours to EU protected areas for local stakeholders and DFS staff 20,700 11,350 9,350
Exchange periodical visits in transboundary protected areas in Albania and Montenegro 3,500 700 700 700 700 700
Grand Total 252,510 122,732 50,032 26,532 26,582 26,632
147

Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
6,500 6,500
area are not adversely affected by human activities
Evaluate the possibility to introduce an entrance fee to the Protected Area, including a
waste collection fee for tourists. The appropriate areas for the establishment of structures 5,000 5,000
for the collection of the entrance fee are Qafe Thore and Shkembi i Thethit
Identify the traditional livestock sheep breeds (e.g. “Merinos” sheep) 1,500 1,500
172,000 42,500 42,500 29,000 29,000 29,000
Establishment and maintenance of waste containers in the Protected Area along trails, near
15,000 7,500 7,500
monuments, etc.; with priority to Camp of Thethi Field
Rehabilitation of natural springs /fountains in park area in Camp of Thethi Field and Micani
12,000 6,000 6,000
spring
Identify measures for erosion prevention and control. Integration of biological and
45,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000
technical measures for erosion prevention and control.
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in entire park area and banks construction (banks with
stones, with concrete belts and wire net) for the erosion prevention in park with high 100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
priority to Shellinza stream and Gjecaj stream
Foster broad community stewardship and commitment to the conservation of

13,200 6,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800
species of specific level of protection
Identify suitable sites near water sources as future protected sites for fish reproduction
2,100 2,100
purposes, mainly at Thethi springs .
Determine corridors for wildlife to freely move through Montenegro. Maintenance of

9,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800
existing corridors of Shtegu i dhenve, Qafa e Valbones
Identify sites of high/special protection for endangered species as Lynx, Chamois, Roe
deer, Brown bear, and Golden eagle; most important sites should be located at 2,100 2,100
Radohima, Peja area, Zorzi, Shtegu i dhenve, Kurora e Thethit.
Grand Total 191,700 55,000 44,300 30,800 30,800 30,800
148
Development the recreational and touristic uses Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Provide for the operation of low impact tourism activities which add to the
14,700 11,700 1,500 1,500
recreational and educational experience of protected area users
Identification and analysis of actual tourism trend in Thethi Field and Gjecaj; improvement
2,000 2,000
of tourist management.
Preparation of territorial planning and tourism development plan for the park area. 7,200 7,200
Prepare a feasibility study on the possibilities for guided tours in the area. Provision of
7,500 4,500 1,500 1,500
training to internal staff in ecotourism guiding.
Ensure that tourist operations do not negatively impact on the ecological and
333,240 75,120 75,120 61,000 61,000 61,000
cultural heritage values of the protected area
Establishment of trails, maps, guidelines printed, orientation tables and signs demarcated
6,000 3,000 3,000
in the entire park area
Keep record of the potentials use of natural resources without affecting their ecological No additional
status (e.g. natural and cultural monuments within and close to the park area. cost
Promote cultural tourism, and eco tourism in a sustainable manner 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
No additional
Development of mountain tourism in a sustainable way in park area
cost
No additional
Definition of specific camping areas in Okol and Thethi Field.
cost
Establish and provide updated information on park values at touristic information centre in
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Shkodra city.
Maintenance of the trails to Thethi Field – Peja peak; Qafe Thore – Shtegu i dhenve – Radohime –
90,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000
Malesi e Madhe; Thethi Field – Qafa e Valbones – Rragam – Valbona Valley; Kaprrej – Qafe Thore
Maintenance of trails connecting the villages of the entire PA as Grunas – Fushe Theth – Thethi
60,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Camp – Okol;
Gjelaj – Fushe
Identify Theth
possible financial supports for the touristic development of the natural ski field in No additional
Meadow of Micenve; Nenrrethi meadows cost
Provide trainings to DFS, Commune staff related preparation of touristic guides, eco guides 2,240 1,120 1,120
Preparation work for parking places construction within the protected area (Fushe Theth, Okol). 20,000 10,000 10,000
Maintenance and protection of nature monuments and characteristic architecture of typical

100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
traditional houses in entire Thethi area.
Identify financial support for reconstruction of old typical houses; Adaption of new houses to
35,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000
mountain territory features.
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner 25,000 13,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Production and installation of information and park interpretation panels 4,000 4,000
Establishment of signs and tables within the park area; preparation specific leaflets about
3,000 3,000
the park
Preparation of nature guides/eco-guides suitable for different interest-groups and age-
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
groups
Provide full inventory of natural and cultural monuments in all the territory of PA and share
8,000 4,000 4,000
maps catalogues with locations and access ways.
Grand Total 372,940 99,820 82,620 64,500 63,000 63,000
149
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming 127,300 51,580 36,180 18,180 10,680 10,680
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products in order to reduce level of chemical fertilizers
and pesticides (provide training on organic farming) in entire PA area Investigate financial
8,400 1,680 1,680 1,680 1,680 1,680
support mechanisms rural development schemes to promote organic farming among
farmers.
Promote and support the traditional cultivation of autochthonous potato of Thethi, white
15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
beans of Shala as well other organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and pepper.
Promotion of local production of vegetables, fruits, and diaries with the well-known local
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
names.
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products processing centres and their certification
(seasonal diaries); Improvement of processing technology in the existing diaries in Fushe
Thethi area 16,000 8,000 8,000
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil recover and better erosion control, through
implementation schemes for payment of environmental services 22,500 7,500 7,500 7,500
Identify traditionally planted cultivars of potato and white beans and undertake the first
steps on seed production
5,000 5,000
Support farmers to lessen the kind of foreign livestock breeds especially sheep that are
imported in recent years and replace with traditional as for example “Merinos” sheep
20,000 10,000 10,000
Installation of mangers for livestock in natural water sources in Terthore Peja peak,
2,400 2,400
Nenrrethi meadows. Rehabilitation of mangers for livestock in Peja area
Cultivation and promotion of Chestnuts in the buffer zone of the park, especially in
8,000 8,000
Breglumi area
Organisation of periodical/seasonal fairs in Shkodra area promoting and marketing the
20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
local typical agriculture and farming products of Thethi NP.

37,500 9,750 9,750 8,000 5,000 5,000
Defining of grazing areas and their grazing capacity; Establish a programme to appoint
grazing areas based on capacity of the area, especially those of Buni i Terthores and Peja 3,500 1,750 1,750
peak;
Undertake pasture cleaning services, especially cleaning from weeds, toxic herbs and
stones, especially in Okol and Peja areas.
9,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Establish models to support the seasonal stay in high mountain pastures such as,
infrastructure for shepherds and seasonal stables for livestock in Terthore and Peja peak.
(Infrastructure for livestock temporary abode). 25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Identify natural pasture sites for mowing purposes, in order to provide the livestock No additional
nutrient base during winter. cost
150
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood 310,600 51,320 78,320 96,320 33,320 51,320
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high quality honey, certification of such a product
and its marketing; Discourage the artificial nutrition of bees in order to improve the honey
quality 21,000 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200
Support beekeeping and facilitate the seasonal transport of beehives, especially in Gjelaj,
Nenrreth, Gjecaj villages 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Limitations and control of grazing in areas of importance for bee keeping and medicinal
plants in the pastures of park area
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Establishment of medicinal plants collection centre on geographical basis mainly in
90,000 45,000 45,000
Breglumi area.
Provide trainings to medicinal plants collectors in the entire park area 5,600 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120
Establish areas for cultivation of some medicinal plants that are highly required by the
market, as Orchids . 120,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000
Establish small scale medicinal plants processing centres in Breglumi area.

54,000 18,000 18,000 18,000
Support to sustainable Forestry 74,500 18,500 18,500 12,500 12,500 12,500
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and protection of forests from diseases caused by
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
chestnut cancer and the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in pine forests
Beech Forest improvementin in entire park and especially in Thethi area 20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged parts) in forests of entire park territory 12,000 6,000 6,000
Forestation of burned sites in Okol area 12,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Establishment and maintenance of corridors (mainly in Thethi area) for fire prevention. 20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
Support to sustainable Fishery 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Provide help to authorised/licensed individuals for the establishment of small hatcheries

15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
for trout increase in Thethi springs and Okoli springs.
Grand Total 564,900 134,150 145,750 138,000 64,500 82,500
Promote scientific research and education Total cost (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
and inform its management 36,000 9,000 9,000 6,000 6,000 6,000
Update periodically the existing habitat map according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
all environmental developments within park area
7,500 1,500 1,500 1500 1500 1500

Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in order to update the existing data
Develop educational and promotional programs (professional practices programs) for local schools
10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
and local communities
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water quality in the entire park area and drinking
7,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500
water parameters Micani and Okolareas/springs
Identification of rare species and habitats and develop the recovery programme. 3,500 1,750 1,750
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora locations and undertake measures
2,500 1,250 1,250
for protection
IImprove public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the environments of
the protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these 29,200 6,400 6,400 6,400 5,000 5,000
environments
Organize forest and pasture users trainings on sustainable economic activities 4,200 1,400 1,400 1,400
No additional
Support to local NGOs and media on awareness raising activities
cost
Produce posters, year calendar of events including religious activities, information leaflets,
for promoting the area. Production of visitor guide.
25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Grand Total 65,200 15,400 15,400 12,400 11,000 11,000
151
Annex IV: Budget separated into programs and actions for Valbona
Valley National Park
Total Cost
Strengthen the protected area management system Unit (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
17,850 3,570 3,570 3,570 3,570 3,570
Valona Valley National Park Area
No additional
Enforce of the law on hunting
cost
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the PA; periodical monitoring of the area recovering; l
u 1,875 375 375 375 375 375
Impose fines for violation of the closure decision
m
l
Control, prevent and follow up on fires in forests and pastures, prosecute authors of intentional fires. u 1,725 345 345 345 345 345
Coordinate fire control with Communes, DFS and land owners. m
p
l
u 3,600 720 720 720 720 720
Control and regulate grazing activities respecting management plan recommendation
Close the illegal quarry within Park territory (Qyteti Shoshajt) and control the rehabilitation process mNo additional
from the company cost
Control all human activities inside the park territory. Collect fees for all permitted activities, No additional
according to management regime in entire park area cost
l
Control of the quantity of water used for hydropower activity; Monitor the environmental u 1,800 360 360 360 360 360
impacts. m
p
l
Control the communal forest and pastures management by the communes. u 3,300 660 660 660 660 660
m
l
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection. Enforce the ban of medicinal plants according u
to the MP and park zoning especially for the blueberry. Collection fees for medicinal herbs m 3,600 720 720 720 720 720
collection p
s
Control and discipline of funds/incomes obtained by all activities within the park area such as No additional
medicinal herbs collection, grazing, logging fees cost
Licenses issued for regular and correct medicinal herbs collection to the authorized persons or No additional
group of persons based in villages they represent. cost
Control and regulate recreational activities inside the park territory, especially those linked with l
visitor routes in Valbone – Theth; Dragobi – Gashi River; Padesh – Gashi River. Collect fees u
for services provided. m 1,950 390 390 390 390 390
Establishment of solid waste collection system. p
s
Clarify the rights, obligations and tasks of Communes as owner of forest and pasture for
No additional
communal forest, and those of DFS as management authority of public forest and pasture
cost
land. Carry out regular inspection and report
Establishment of a joint Management Committee for Alps area with membership of local No additional
authorities and stakeholders. cost

violation of environmental requirements 196,660 86,872 41,772 22,622 22,672 22,722
Define the need for investments in private owned land within the park area and incomes No additional
management among private owners, DFSs and Communes.. m cost
Recruit additional staff from the area, for Kuksi DFS/ Tropoja Section; four employees are o
needed: 1 Tourism expert; 3 forest engineers . n 77,760 15,552 15,552 15,552 15,552 15,552
Provide in job training for DFS staff, commune staff training days 12,600 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520
Train community representatives on planning and supervision of activities, joint action for fire
prevention, fire monitoring and response, applying sanctions, and providing support to
individuals to enhance their fire management tasks training days 8,400 4,200 4,200
t
Improve mobility and operation of the staff and rangers for DFS in Kuksi/Tropoja Section, o
through purchasing 2 motorbikes one 4x4 vehicle, 1 GPS, 1 Binoculars, pieces t 61,650
20,200 52,950
20,200 2,100 2,150 2,200 2,250
2 motorbike
t
Create and keep update a webpage for the Alps area, including a regular newsletter 14,500 4,900 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400
o
Equip DFS staff with park uniforms; Establishment of a guest house/building in Dragobi under t
21,750 6,750 15,000
Kuksi DFS/Tropoja section. o
t
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders. 20,700 11,350 9,350
Organize study tours to EU PA in which all local stakeholders and DFS staff may take part t 20,700 11,350 9,350
o
Grand Total 235,210 101,792 54,692 26,192 26,242 26,292
152

Total cost (€)
Unit 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Ensure that the diversity of species and the ecosystems processes in the protected area
5,000 5,000
are not adversely affected by human activities
Evaluate the possibilities to introduce an entrance fee to the Protected Area, including a l
garbage collection fee for tourists; The appropriate area for the establishment of structures for u 5,000 5,000
the collection of the entrance fee is Shoshan (Qyteti i Shoshajve) m
p
160,000 36,500 36,500 29,000 29,000 29,000
l
Establishment and maintenance of waste containers in the Protected Area along trails, near u 15,000 7,500 7,500
monuments, etc.; Immediate need of waste containers in Valbona area, from Paskollat to Fusha e Gjese. m
Identify measures for erosion prevention and control. Integration of biological and technical lp
u 45,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000
measures for erosion prevention and control.
m
Forestation with pine (Pinus nigra) in Valbona area and banks construction (banks with stones, l
with concrete belts and wire net) for the erosion prevention from Dragobia to Paskollat area (in u 100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
the right site of Valbona River) m
p
Banks construction and maintenance for discipline of Valbona River basin and flood prevention l
u 30,000 30,000
from Rragami i Shales to the end of Valbona village.
m
Foster broad community stewardship, and commitment to the conservation of species
4,200 4,200
of specific level of protection
l
Identify suitable sites near water sources as future protected sites for trout reproduction
u 2,100 2,100
purposes from Rragam village to the ending part of the park.
m
Identify sites of high/special protection for endangered species as Lynx, Chamois and Roe l
u 2,100 2,100
deer; For park area most important sites should be located in Cerem, Valbona and Rragam.
m
Grand Total 169,200 45,700 36,500 29,000 29,000 29,000
153
Development the recreational and touristic uses Total cost (€)

Unit 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
14,700 11,700 1,500 1,500
and educational experience of protected area users
Identification and analysis of actual touristic visits trend in Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Shales; l
u 2,000 2,000
management of touristic visits in a correct way.
m
Preparation of the Inter Local Plan of territorial planning and tourism development in the park w
7,200 7,200
area. o
Prepare a feasibility study on the possibilities for guided tours in the area. Training of internal w
o 7,500 4,500 1,500 1,500
staff in ecotourism guiding.
r
435,240 103,820 83,820 89,200 69,200 89,200
heritage values of the protected area
Establishment of trails, printing of maps & guidelines, placement of orientation tables and l
tourists signs in the entire park area (with priority to Valbone, Cerem, Rragam i Shales ) in u 7,000 3,500 3,500
Albanian and English languages m
p
Keep record of the potentials of natural resources use without affecting their ecological status No additional
(e.g. natural and cultural monuments within and close to the park area). cost
No additional
Harmonization of cultural tourism, and eco tourism in a sound manner
cost
l
Development and promotion of mountain tourism in a sustainable way in park area 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
u
m
Definition of specific camping areas along Valbona River area, from Klysyra to Gjelaj areas; from Kukaj No additional
to Markocaj areas. cost
Provide updated information for the existing information centre in Valbona. Establish and provide l
u 11,000 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,200
updated information on park values for touristic information centre in Dragobia area.
Establishment of a trail to Bajram Curri Cave and tables/signs along the trail. m
l
Maintenance of the trails to Dragobi – Gashi River; Valbona – Qafa e Valbones – Theth; Valbona – u 125,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000
Gryket e Hapura – Curraj i Eperm m
Maintenance of trails connecting the villages of the entire PA as Dragobi – Valbona – Rragam i Shales; p
l
u 60,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Dragobi – Cerem.
m
Identify financial supports for the improvement of touristic infrastructure; Identify possibilities of No additional
legalisation/license of already constructed restaurants of the area. cost
t
Provide trainings to DFS, and Commune staff related to the preparation of touristic guides, eco guides r 2,240 1,120 1,120
a
l
Conduct feasibility study and project design for parking places construction within the protected area u 20,000 10,000 10,000
m
l
Maintenance and protection of nature monuments and characteristic architecture of typical traditional
u 100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
houses in entire Thethi area.
Identify possible source of financing for the reconstruction of typical mill of Dragobia; mill of Bajram lm
u 60,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
Curri in Shoshai i Ceremit. Maintenance of the existing mill of Valbona.
m
l
Identify possible source of financing for reconstruction of old typical houses in Dragobi, Valbona,
u 35,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000
Cerem, Rragam i Shales; m
p
Ensure that tourism is carried out in an ecologically sustainable manner 18,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
l
Preparation of nature guides/eco-guides suitable for different interest-groups and age-groups u 10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
m
l
Provide full inventory of natural and cultural monuments in all the territory of PA and share
u 8,000 4,000 4,000
maps catalogues with locations and access ways.
m
Grand Total 467,940 121,520 91,320 92,700 71,200 91,200
154
Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities Total cost (€)

Unit 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Promote sustainable agriculture and farming 74,300 24,580 22,180 14,180 6,680 6,680
Promote bio-farming and bio- agro -products in order to minimise the use of chemical fertilizers
and pesticides (provide training on organic farming) in entire PA area. Investigate training
financialdays 8,400 1,680 1,680 1,680 1,680 1,680
support mechanisms rural development schemes to promote organic farming among farmers.
m
Promote and support the traditional cultivation of autochthonous potato in Valbona and Cerem
a 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
villages as well other organic vegetables as beans, tomatoes and pepper.
r
Promotion of local production of vegetables, fruits, and diaries with the well-known local k
m
a 10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
names.
rl
Establishment of seasonal milk sub products processing centres and their certification
u 16,000 8,000 8,000
(seasonal diaries) in Cerem, Valbona and Dragobi villages.
m
Improve land use practices leading to topsoil recover and better erosion control, through l
u 22,500 7,500 7,500 7,500
implementation schemes for payment for environmental services
m
Establishment of mangers for livestock in Ceremi and Valbona areas. Rehabilitation of existing mangers c
o 2,400 2,400
for livestock in park area.
s
Promote ecologically and economically sound management of all grazing lands 54,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 9,000 9,000
l
Undertake pasture cleaning services, especially cleaning from weeds, toxic herbs and stones. u 9,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
c
m
o
Establish the models to support the seasonal stay in high mountain pastures such as,
infrastructure for shepherds and seasonal stables for livestock (Infrastructure for livestock s
temporary abode). t 25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Preserve and promote the autochthonous breeds of “Bardhok” sheep, autochthonous red cow l
and autochthonous red goat. u
m 20,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
Promote beekeeping, medical plants cultivation and sustainable livelihood 305,600 50,320 77,320 95,320 32,320 50,320
Encourage bee-keeping, production of high quality honey, certification of such a product and
21,000 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200
its marketing h
Support beekeeping and facilitate the seasonal transport of beehives, especially in Valbona li
u 15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
and Dragobi villages. Increase the number of beehives.
m
l
Establishment of medicinal plants collection centre on geographical basis mainly in Dragobi
u 90,000 45,000 45,000
and Cerem villages.
m
Provide trainings to medicinal plants collectors in the entire park area. days 5,600 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120
Establish areas for cultivation of some medicinal plants that are highly required by the market,
as blueberry in Cerem village. ha 120,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000
l
Establish small scale medicinal plants processing centres in Bajram Curri Town. u 54,000 18,000 18,000 18,000
m
Support to sustainable Forestry 40,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000
l
Periodical monitoring, maintenance and protection of forests from fires and illegal logging u 12,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
mainly in Cerem and from Dragobi to Markovce areas. m
o
Phyto-sanitary cutting (cutting of damaged parts) of entire park territory and rehabilitation of p
15,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
damaged forests in Valbona area. e
o
p
Forestation with pine, fir or spruce of burned sites in Valbona area e 12,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
r
Grand Total 473,900 96,900 121,500 126,500 58,000 71,000
155
Promote scientific research and education Total cost (€)

Unit 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
inform its management 45,000 10,800 10,800 7,800 7,800 7,800
c
Update periodically the existing habitat map according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all
o 5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
environmental developments within park area.
s
lt
Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in order to update the existing data u 7,500 1,500 1,500 1500 1500 1500
m
c
Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park flora and fauna in order to update the existing data. o 9,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800
s
Develop educational and promotional programs (professional practices programs) for local schools and l
u 10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
local communities.
m
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water quality in the entire park area and drinking water l
u 7,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500
parameters Valbona River, Ceremi stream, Motina Stream.
m
l
Identification of rare species and habitats and develop the recovery programme. u 3,500 1,750 1,750
m
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora locations and undertake measures for l
u 2,500 1,250 1,250
protection.
m
29,200 6,400 6,400 6,400 5,000 5,000
protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these environments
t
Organize forest and pasture users trainings on sustainable economic activities r 4,200 1,400 1,400 1,400
a
No additional
Support local NGOs and media on awareness raising activities
cost
Produce posters, year calendar of events including religious activities, information leaflets, for l
u 25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
promoting the area. Production of visitor guide.
m
Grand Total 74,200 17,200 17,200 14,200 12,800 12,800
156
Annex V: Budget separated into programs and actions for Gashi River
Strict Nature Reserve
Total Cost
Strengthen the protected area management system (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Enforce the provisions of any existing legal and sub legal act to seasonal visitors and users
20,000 5,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600
of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve Area
No
Establish cooperation with transboundary of PA administration in Kosovo and Montenegro; Prepare MoU for
additional
PA and wildlife protection.
cost
No
Enforce the ban on hunting. additional
cost
Identify and inspect the banned activities inside the PA; periodical monitoring of the area; Impose fines for
1,875 375 375 375 375 375
violation of the closure decision
Control, prevent and follow up on fires in forests and pastures, prosecute authors of intentional fires.
1,725 345 345 345 345 345
Coordinate fire control with Communes and DFS.
Control the grazing activity in the buffer zone and the impacts on the strict nature reserve. 3,600 720 720 720 720 720
Ban all seasonal human activities inside the reserve territory. Impose fines for the activities in order
to respect the status of the area. Continuous monitoring of people entrance within the protected 5,450 2690 690 690 690 690
area. Establish a monitoring point in Markovce area.
Control and regulate medicinal plants collection outside the reserve (buffer zone). Enforce the ban
of medicinal plants according to the reserve status. Monitoring of impact into the strict nature 3,600 720 720 720 720 720
reserve. Collection fees for medicinal herbs collection. .
No
Licenses issued for regular and correct medicinal herbs collection to the authorized persons or
additional
group of persons based in villages they represent outside the reserve – buffer zone.
cost
Manage and control the existing/heritage stables within the strict nature reserve. Prevention of
construction of new stables in the area. 1,875 375 375 375 375 375
Minimize the logging by seasonal stable owners; use of the damaged trees for their individual
1,875 375 375 375 375 375
needs.
Establishment of a Joint Management Committee for the park areas (list) with membership from No
local and central authorities and stakeholders. additional
cost
Increase the effectiveness of protected area management system by strengthening relevant
institutions towards an effective law enforcement and prosecution service for violation of
environmental requirements 33,850 14,170 4,920 4,920 4,920 4,920
Provide on job training for DFS staff, commune staff.

12,600 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520 2,520
Create and keep update a webpage for the Alps area, including a regular newsletter 14,500 4,900 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400
Equip the DFS staff supervising the reserve with PA uniforms; 6,750 6,750
Strengthen the co-operation among communes, forestry, and other local stakeholders. 24,200 12,050 10,050 700 700 700
No
Prepare and approve a MoU for cooperation transboundaiy authorities for effective management,
additional
preservation and conservation of the entire Alps area.
cost
Organize study tours to EU PA in which strict nature reserve responsible persons at DFS may take 20,700 11,350 9,350
part.
Exchange periodical visits in trounsboundary protected areas “Prokletije” National Park in Montenegro and
3,500 700 700 700 700 700
“Bjeshket e Namuna” National Park in Kosovo
Grand Total 78,050 31,820 18,570 9,220 9,220 9,220
157
Total cost
Promote scientific research and education (€) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
inform its management 35,000 8,800 8,800 5,800 5,800 5,800
Update periodically the existing habitat map according Natura 2000; reflect on habitat map all
5,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
environmental developments within strict nature reserve area.
Carry out a study on medicinal plants in the area in order to update the existing data 7,500 1,500 1,500 1500 1500 1500
Carry out a study and periodical monitoring of park flora and fauna in order to update the existing data 9,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800
Carry out periodical studies and monitoring of water quality in the entire reserve area and drinking water
7,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500
parameters in Gashi River, Balcina Stream, Lugu i Vocit Stream, Javorri Stream.
Identification of rare species and habitats and develop the recovery programme. 3,500 1,750 1,750
Identify the threatened and endemic plants and flora locations and undertake measures for
2,500 1,250 1,250
protection

32,360 8,680 8,680 5,000 5,000 5,000
protected area and the potential impacts of human activities on these environments
Organize awareness activities and trainings for seasonal inhabitants of Bjeshket e Gashit area. 7,360 3,680 3,680
No
additional
Support to local NGOs and media on awareness raising activities
cost
Produce posters, information leaflets and brochures, for promoting the area.
25,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000
Grand Total 67,360 17,480 17,480 10,800 10,800 10,800
158
Annex VI: Animal and plant species present in the park area
Animals
INVERTEBRATES
This is a list of the invertebrate species recorded in Albanian Alps Area. In the present list, the
invertebrate species are represented by insect group.The species listed in this Annex are indicated by:
 the name of the species or subspecies, or
 all the species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon;
The abbreviation ‘sp.’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that
family or genus.
Interpretation
1. Annex I: means Annex I of the DIRECTIVE 2009/147/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 30 November 2009
on the conservation of wild birds. The Annex I provides the list of species that shall be the subject of special conservation measures
concerning their habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution.
2. Annex II: means Annex II of the COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild
fauna and flora. The Annex II provides the list of ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION
REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION
3. Annex IV: means ANNEX IV II of the COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of
wild fauna and flora. The Annex VI provides ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST IN NEED OF STRICT
PROTECTION
4. Annex V of the Directive: means Annex II of the COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural
habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The Annex V provides ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE TAKING
IN THE WILD AND EXPLOITATION MAY BE SUBJECT TO MANAGEMENT MEASURES.
5. Priority species: means species which, according to COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC, are endangered within the European territory of
the Member States to which the Treaty applies, except those species whose natural range is marginal in that territory and which are
10
not endangered or vulnerable in the western palearctic region .
6. IUCN: means species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN.
CR Critically Endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.

EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely
NT Near Threatened
to do so in the future.
LC Least Concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data Deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
Lower Risk/conservation Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk
LR/cd
dependent category if that programme was discontinued.
Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation
LR/nt Lower Risk/near threatened
programmes.
LR/lc Lower Risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.
7. The abbreviation “n.a.” means not applicable.
10
The Palearctic region is one of the eight eco-zones dividing the Earth's surface. Physically, the Palearctic is the largest eco-zone. It includes
the terrestrial eco-regions of Europe, Asia north of the Himalaya foothills, northern Africa, and the northern and central parts of the Arabian
Peninsula.
159
Anne
CLASS/ORDER/FAMILY/Speci Anne Anne Anne
Common Name Albanian name x IUCN Comment
es xI x II xV
IV
INSECTA Insektet
DERMAPTERA
FORFICULIDAE
Encoutered in
Anechura bipunctata F.
vermoshi area
Encoutered in
Forficula obtusangula Ser.
vermoshi area
LABIIDAE
Encoutered in
Labis minor L.
vermoshi area
COLEOPTERA Flatrafortët
BUBRESTIDAE
Present in
Buprestis splendens Goldstreifiger x x EN flat – hilly
sites
Present in
Capnodis tenebrionis L. - Kapnodi bronz Agro
biocenosis
Present in
Capnodis cariosa Pall. - Kapnodi errët Agro
biocenosis
CANTHARIDIDAE
Present in
flat – hilly
Cantharis fusca L. Soldier beetle Trupbuta fuskë
areas, shrubs,
forests
Present in
Trypbuta
Cantharis livida L. Soldier beetle flat – hilly
zakonshme
sites
Present in
Lampyris noctiluca L. Common glow-worm Xixëllonja flat – hilly
sites
Present in
common red soldier Trupbuta
Rhagonycha fulva Scopoli. flat – hilly
beetle zakonshme
sites
CARABIDAE Karabidet
Present in
Abax carinatus Druft. Ground beetle - broadleved
forests
Present in all
Bembidion varium Olivier Click Beetle -
climatic sites
Present in
Brachynus crepitans L. - Bombarduesi flat – hilly
sites
Present in
hilly-
Forest caterpillar Kalosoma VU
Calosoma sycophanta L mountainous
hunter erëkeqe (A1b)
and forest
areas
Present in
Karabusi VU hilly-
Carabus coriaceus L. Click Beetle
Koracfortë (A1b) mountainous
sites
Present in
Huge Violet Ground hilly-
Carabus scabrosus Fabr. Karabusi kokrizor
Beetle mountainous
sites
Present in
hilly-
Carabus intricatus L. Ground beetle - LR/nt
mountainous
sites
160
Present in
Chlaenius spoliatus Rossi. Ground beetle - aquatic sites,
everywhere
Present in all
Clivina fossor L. Ground beetle -
climatic sites
Present in
Diachromus germanus L. Ground beetle flat – hilly
sites
Present in
Dytiscus latissimus L. - Ditiscidi latin x VU lakes, huge
reservoirs
Zonat
Harpalus affinis Schik. Ground beetle - fushore-
kodrinore
Present in
Leistus ferugineus L. Ground beetle - flat – hilly
sites
Present in
aquatic sites,
Omophron limbatum F. Ground beetle -
all climatic
sites
Present in
hilly-
Rhysodes sulcatus Ground beetle - x
mountainous
sites
Present in
Zabrus incrassatus Ger. Ground beetle Zabrusi flat – hilly
sites
CERAMBYCIDAE
Present in
Vu flat –
Aromia moschata L. Musk beetle Antenagjati cerdo
(A1b) mountainous
sites
Present in
flat –
Cerambyx cerdo L. Great capricorn x x VU
mountainous
sites
Present in
Lepturë
Leptura dubia Scop. Longhorn beetle flat – hilly
ndryshueshmja
sites
Present in
Leptura sanguinolata L. Longhorn beetle Leptura gjakosur coniferous
forests
Present in
Oberea linearis L. - - flat – hilly
sites
Present in
Purpuricenus budensis
- Kuqaloshifundzi flat – hilly
Götz.
sites
Present in
Kuqaloshinjollëzez VU(A1b
Purpuricenus kaehleri L. - flat – hilly
ë )
sites
Present in
Rhagium inquisitor L. Longhorn beetle - coniferous
forests
Present in
Rhagium sycophanta Schr. Longhorn beetle - flat – forest
sites
Present in
hilly –
Rosalia alpina L. Rosalia longicorn Rosalia x x VU
mountainous
sites
Strangalia quadrifasciata Strangalia Present in
Longhorn beetle
L. katërshiritja flat – hilly
161
sites
Present in
Strangalia aurulenta Fab. Longhorn beetle - flat – hilly
sites
Sb/Fam. CETONIINAE
Present in
flat – hilly
Cetonia aurata aurata L. Rose chafer Cetonia artë
sites, shrub –
forest lands
Present in
E bronza
Oxythyrea funesta Poda. - flat – hilly
erërëndona
sites
Present in
Potosia metallica Hbst. - E bronza metalike flat – hilly
sites
CHRYSOMELIDAE
Present in
Chrysomela violacea Mull. - Krisomela vjollcë flat – hilly
sites
Present in
Labidostomis humeralis
- - forests flat –
Shneid.
hilly sites
Present in flat
Lakna
Lachnain sexpunctata Seg. - areas with
gjashtpikëshe
swallows
Present in
agro
Ushunja
Lema melanopus L. Cereal leaf beetle biocenosis;
krahrorkuqe
demages the
cereals
CLERIDAE
Present in
Bletëngrënësi
Trichodes apiarius L. Checkered beetles flat – hilly
zakonshëm
sites
COCCINELLIDAE
Two-spot
Present in
ladybird; Two-spotted
Adalia bipunctata L. 2-pikaloshja flat – hilly
ladybug ; Two-spotted
areas
lady beetle
Coccinella septempunctata 7-pikëshja, Present in all
Seven-spot ladybird
L. mollakuqja climatic areas
Present in
flat –
Epilachna argus Fabr. ladybird beetle -
mountanious
areas
Present in
Thea vigintiduopunctata L. ladybird beetle 22-pikëshja flat – hilly
sites
ELATERIDAE
Present in
Kërcyesi i
Agriotes lineatus L. Click beetle Agro
zakonshëm
biocenosis
Present in
Agriotes obscures L. Click beetle Kërcyesi i murrmë Agro
biocenosis
Hister beetles
are found
Clown
throughout
HISTERIDAE beetles or Hister
the world in
beetles
various
habitats
Hister(Atholus) Hister beetle Trupangrënësi Present in flat
162
bimaculatus L. dynjollesh – hilly sites

Trupangrënësi Present in flat
Hister unicolor L. Hister beetle
njëngjyrsh – hilly sites
LUCANIDAE
Dorkusi
Dorcus parallelipipedus L. VU(Alb)
paralelopiped
MELOIDAE
Present i all
climatic
Epicauta erythrocephala
Blister Beetke Kokëkuqja zones,
Pall.
parasite of
locusts
Present in flat
Meloë rugosus Marsh. Oil beetle -
– hilly sites
Present in flat
Mylabris quadripunctata L. - Katërnjollëshi
– hilly sites
Present in flat
–
Mylabris crocata Pall. - -
mountainous
sites
MELYRIDAE
Malachius spinipensis Present in flat
-
Germ. – hilly sites
SILPHIDAE
Necrophorus mortuorum Trupangrënësi Present in flat
Burying beetle
F. zakonshëm – hilly sites
Present in flat
Silpha tristis Ill L. Trupangrënës i zi
– hilly sites
STAPHYLINIDAE Rove beetles Elitrashkurtërit
Encountered
Staphylinus fossor Scop. Rove beetle - in Malësi e
Madhe
Encountered
Stenus longipes Heer. Rove beetle --
in Vermosh
Encountered
Stenus maculiger Ëeise. Rove beetle -
in Bogë
Encountered
in Vermosh,
Stenus morio Gravenhorst. Rove beetle -
Malësi e
Madhe
SCARABAEIDAE Scarab beetles
Present in flat
Amphicoma vulpes Pall. - Flatraforti leshtor
– hilly sites
Skarabidi Present in flat
Amphimallon solstitiale L. Summer chafer
qershorit – hilly sites
Present in flat
Anisoplia agricola Poda. Scarab beetle Kryqtari
– hilly sites
Anisopla e të Present in flat
Anisoplia austriaca Hbst. Scarab beetle
lashtave – hilly sites
Anisoplia tempestiva Present in
Scarab beetle -
Erichson. hilly sites
Present in flat
Anomala vitis Fabr. Vine chafer Anomala e rrushit
– hilly sites
Present in flat
Copris hispanus L. Dung beetle Kopri spanjoll
– hilly sites
Present in flat
Copris lunaris L. True dung beetle Kopri hënor
– hilly sites
Blossom feeder Present in flat
Epicometis hirta Poda. E shpupurisura
scarab – hilly sites
Present in
Earth-boring dung Geotrupesi i hilly –
Geotrupes mutator Marsh.
beetles ndryshueshëm mountaniuos
sites
Geotrupes spiniger Marsh. Earth-boring dung - Present in
163
beetles hilly –
mountaniuos
sites
earth-boring dung
Geotrupes silvaticus Ponz Geotrupesi pyjor
beetles
Present in
Gymnopleurus geoffroyi hilly –
Dung beetle -
Fuesol. mountaniuos
sites
Encountered
Gymnopleurus mapsus Gimnopleri me
Dung beetle EN in Malesi e
Pall. qime
Madhe area
Scarabaeid Present in flat
Hoplia graminicola F. -
beetle – hilly sites
Homaloplia marginata Present in flat
- -
Fuessly. sites
Present in
Melolontha Melolontha L. May bug Brumbulli I majit Forest - hilly
sites
Present in flat
Oniticellus fulvus Steph. - -
– hilly sites
Present in
Onthophagus nuchicornis hilly –
Dung beetle -
L. mountaniuos
sites
Present in
Onthophagus verticornis hilly –
Dung beetle -
Laich. mountaniuos
sites
Osmoderma eremita Hermit beetle Osmoderma Encountered
x x CR
Scopoli. eremitë in Thethi area
Plehëngrënësi i Present in flat
Pentodon idiota Hbst. -
misrit – hilly sites
Present in flat
Phyllognathus excarvatus
- - – hilly sites,
Forst.
Forest lands
Scarabidi Present in flat
Phyllopertha horticolla L. Garden chafer
kopshteve – hilly sites
Rhizotrogus aesticus Rrënjëbrejtsi i Present in flat
-
Olivier. zakonshëm sites
Present in flat
Flatraforti me
Rhombonyx aurata Forst. - – hilly sites,
reflekse
Forest lands
Present in all
climatic
Scarabaeus affinis Brulle. Scarab beetle - zones,
patsture
lands
Present in all
climatic
Scarabaeus sacer L. Dung beetle Skarabidi shëjtë zones,
patsture
lands
Present in
hilly –
Sisyphus schaefferi L. Dung beetle -
mountaniuos
sites
Scarabaeid Present in flat
Trichius fasciatus L. Dyllori
beetle – hilly sites
TENEBRIONIDAE
Present
Tenebrio molitor Flour beetle Miellngënësi
everywhere
HEMIPTERA
CIMICIDAE
Cimex lectularius L. Bed bug Çimka e shtëpisë Present in
164
buildings
COREIDAE
Rhopalus subrufus Gmell. Scentless plant bug -
Stictopoleurus abutilon Encountered
scentless plant bug -
abutilon Ro. in Alps area
GERRIDAE
Present in
aquatic
environments
Gerris paludum F. Water strider -
; Present in
flat – hilly
areas
LYGAEIDAE
Present in
graslands,
Cymus claviculus Falle. Seedbug - hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Cymus melanocephalus Fi. - - hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Macroplax preyssleri Fieb. - - hilly,
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Nysius senecionis Schi. - - hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Trapezonotus ultrichi Fieb. - - hilly ,
mountanious
sites
Present in
Xanthochilus quadratus hilly ,
-
Fabr. mountanious
sites
MYRIDAE
Present in
graslands,
Adelphocoris lineolatus
Alfalfa plant bug - hilly ,
Goeze.
mountanious
sites
Present in
Calocoris affinis Herr. Grass bug - shrub – forest
lands
Present in
graslands,
Cyphodema mendosum
- - hilly ,
Mont.
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Cyphodema instabile
- - flat, hilly,
Lucas.
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Deraeocoris ruber L. Mirid Bug -
flat,
mountanious
165
sites
Present in
graslands,
flat,
Deraeocoris serenus
- - mountanious
Doug&Sc.
sites;
enciuntered
in Thethi area
Present in
graslands,
Globiceps fulvicollis
- - flat,
Reuter.
mountanious
sites
Halticus apterus L. -
Present in
graslands,
Liocoris tripustulatus Fabr. Plant bug - hilly,
mountanious
sites
Present in
Lygus rugulipennis Pop. - graslands,
flat, sites
Present in
graslands,
Orthops kalmi L. - - hilly,
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Orthocephalus ferrarii
- - hilly,
Reut.
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Orthocephalus saltator
- - hilly,
Mul&rev.
mountanious
sites
Present in
graslands,
Plagiognathus arbustorum
- - hilly,
Fabr.
mountanious
sites
Present in
Plagiognathus fulvipennis
- - graslands,
Kirch.
flat, hilly sites
Present in
graslands,
Polymerus unifasciatus
- - flat,
Fabr.
mountainous
sites
Present in
flat-hilly and
Stenodema laevigatum L. Grass bug -
mountanious
sites
NABIDAE
Present in
Nabis pseudoferus Rem. Damsel bug - graslands, flat
, hilly sites
NEPIDAE
Present in
aquatic
environments
Nepa cinerea L. Water stick insect Akrepi ujor
; Present in
flat – hilly
areas
166
Present in
Ranatra linearis L. Gjatoshja aquatic
ecosystems
NOTONECTIDAE
Present in
aquatic
environments
Notonecta maculate F. Backswimmer insect -
; Present in
flat – hilly
areas
Present in
aquatic
Notonecta glauca L. - - environments
; Present in
flat areas
Present in
Notonecta oblique Gall. - - aquatic, flat,
hilly sites
PENTADOMIDAE
Carpocoris purpureipennis
shield bug - Alps area
D.G.
Encountered
Dolycoris baccarum L. shield bug - in Tropoja
region
HYMENOPTERA
APIDAE
Present in all
Apis mellifera L. Western honey bee; Bleta mjaltore -
climatic zones
Present in
flowering
Buff-tailed vegetation
Bombus terrestris L. bumblebee; large Bombusi tokës LR (nt) sites; present
earth bumblebee in flat –
mountainous
sites
Present in
Bombusi forest –
Bombus pomorum Panz. Apple Humble-bee LR (nt)
pomorum pastures
ecosystems
Present in
VU forest –
Bombus hortorum L. Garden bumblebee
(A1b) pastures
ecosystems
Present in
flowering
vegetation
Bombus argillaceus Scoip. Bumblebee sites; Present
in forest –
pastures
ecosystems
FORMICIDAE
Present in flat
–
European formicine a mountainous
Formica rufibarbis F. -
nt sites,
abandoned
lands
Present in flat
Common black – hilly sites,
Formica fusca L. - -
colored ant abandoned
lands
Present in flat
–
Formica fusca L. - - -
mountainous
sites,
167
abandoned
lands
Common in
Formica lemoni Bond. - - all climatic
zones
Common in
Formica sanguinea Latr. Slavemaker ant all climatic
zones
Present in
abandoned
Lasius niger F. Black garden ant
sites of all
climatic zones
VESPIDAE
Present in all
Vespula germanica Fabr. German yellow jacket Gjermania e vogël
climatic zones
Present in all
Xylocopa violacea L. Violet carpenter bee Grerëza vjollcë
climatic zones
LEPIDOPTERA
ARCTIIDAE
Tyria jacobaeae L. Trashaluqja VU Found in
Cinnabar moth
përgjakur (A1b) Thethi
CTENUCHIDAE
Vogëlushja e
Dysauxes ancilla L. - LR (nt)
myshqeve
HESPERIIDAE
VU
Carcharodus flocciferus - Flociferja
(A1b)
EN
Pyrgus armoricanus - Pirgusi I Oberturit
(A1b)
LASCIOCAMPIDAE
Present in all
climatic
Malacosoma neustria L. Lackey moth Unazorja
zones; couses
damages
Encountered
Macrothylacia rubi L. Fox moth -
in Vermosh
LYCAENIDAE
VU
Cupido minimus Fuessly. Small Blue Vogëlushja blu
(A1b)
Encountered
Trupgjata vjollcë-
Lampides boeticus L. Peablue, Pea Blue, in Tropoja
blu
region
Heodes virgaureae ( Flakëroshja e
Scarce Copper
Lycaena virgaureae) L. rrallë
Idas Found in
Lycaeides idas L. (Plebejus
Blue or Northern Idas blu Tropojë and
idas)
Blue Theth
Plebejus eumedon
Flatrakafejta e
(Eumedonia eumedon) Geranium Argus
kamaroshës
Esper.
Polyommatus (Lysandra) Encountered
Kaltëroshja e in Tropoja
dorylas (Denis & Turquoise Blue
jonxhës and Thethi
Schiffermuller) areas
Polyommatus semiargus Kaltëroshja vjollcë Encountered
Mazarine Blue
(Cyaniris semiargus) Rott. e pyllit in Thethi
Encountered
Bishtakja e VU
Thecla betulae L. Brown Hairstreak in Vermoshi
mështeknës (A1b)
area
NOCTUIDAE
Present in all
Flutura e krimbit
Scotia segetum Schiff. - agrobiocenosi
të misrit
s
NOTODONTIDAE
168
Encountered
Phalera bucephala L. Buff-tip Bucefalja in Vermoshi
area
NYMPHALIDAE
Founf in
Aglais urticae L. Small Tortoiseshell Flutura e hithrave Thethi, Maja
e Hekurave
Apatura ilia [Denis and Lesser Purple VU
Apatura
Schiffermüller] Emperor (A1b)
Arethusana arethusa VU
False Grayling Aretusa
D.&Sch. (A1b)
Encountered
Silver-washed
Argynnis paphia L. Pafia in Vermosh
Fritillary
area
Encountered
Brenthis hecate
Twin-spot Fritillary Hekatja in Valbona
Den.&Schif.
area
VU
Chazara briseis L. Hermit Briseida
(A1b)
Encountered
Coenonympha pamphilus
Small Heath Pamfilia in Vermoshi
L.
area
Cynthia cardui L. (Vanessa Shtegtaria e Present in all
Painted Lady -
cardui) rrugëve climatic zones
Found in
Erebia ligea L. Arran Brown Zijoshja kafe
Thethi area
Found in
VU Vermosh,
Erebia medusa Den&Schif. Woodland Ringlet Zijoshja e pyllit x
(A1b) Maja e
Hekurave
Included in
Fabriciana adippe
High Brown Fritillary Adipja the Albanian
Den.&Schif
Red List
VU
Hipparchia statilinus Huf. Tree Grayling Statilinia
(A1b)
Present in all
Inachis io L. European Peacock “Sypalloi” I dites
climatic zones
Queen of Spain Flatrargjenda e Encountered
Issoria lathonia L.
Fritillary vogel in Vermosh
E kafejta e Present in all
Maniola jurtina Esp. Meadow Brown
livadheve climatic zones
Present in all
Melanargia galathea L. Marbled White Galatea
climatic zones
Found in
Melanargia larissa Geyer. Balkan Marbled White Laramanja Larise
Tropoja area
VU
Mellicta athalia Rott. Heath Fritillary Athalia
(A1b)
Found in
VU (B.Curr) and
Melitaea cinxia L. Glanville Fritillary Cinksia
(A1b) Malesi e
Madhe areas
Melitaea trivia Lesser Spotted VU
Trivia
Denis & Schiffermüller Fritillary (A1b)
VU
Minois dryas Scop. The Dryad Driada
(A1b)
VU
Nymphalis antiopa L. Mourning Cloak Zimbajtesja
(A1b)
Nymphalis xanthomelas VU
Scarce Tortoiseshell Kembeverdha
(Denis & Schiffermüller) (A1b)
Present in all
Polygonia C-album L. Comma; angle wings C-bardha
climatic zones
Speyeria aglaja L. Dark Green Fritillary Njollaperla
PAPILIONIDAE
Iphiclides podalirius Scop. Scarce Swallowtail Flatrabishtori Present in all
169
podalir climatic zones

Parnassius apollo L. Mountain Apollo Apollonja x VU
Parnassius mnemosyne L. Clouded Apollo Mnemozinja x VU
Flatrabishtori Present in all
Papilio machaon L. Old World Swallowtail
makaon climatic zones
VU
Zerynthia cerisyi Godart. Eastern Festoon Cerisja
(A1b)
PIERIDAE Bardhoshet
Bardhoshja e Present in all
Aporia crataegi L. Black-veined White
murizes climatic zones
Dark Clouded Yellow
Present in all
Colias croceus Geoffroy. Common Clouded Verdhoshja krocea
climatic zones
Yellow
Limonja e Present in all
Gonepteryx rhamni L. Common Brimstone
barbletes climatic zones
Flutura e Present in all
Leptidea sinapis L. Wood White
mustardes climatic zones
Large White; Present in all
Pieris brassicae L. Flutura e lakres
Cabbage Butterfly climatic zones
Encountered
Bardhoshja e VU(A1b
Pieris krueperi Strg. Krueper’s Small White in Tropoja
Krueperit )
region
Small White; Small Flutura e vogël e Present in all
Pieris rapae
Cabbage White lakres climatic zones
SPHINGIDAE
Narrow-bordered Bee
Hemaris tityus L. Sfingidi barzgjebes VU
Hawk-moth
ZYGAENIDAE
Adscita geryon Hübner. Cistus Forester -
Present in all
Zygaena carniolica Scop. - Zigena esparcetes
climatic zones
Zigena e VU
Zygaena loti L. Slender Burnet
mijefletyeses (A1b)
NEUROPTERA
ASCALAPHIDAE
Encoutered in
Libelloides longicornis VU(A1b
Vermoshi
Scop. )
area
CHRYSOPIDAE
Encoutered in
Chrysopa septempunctat
Vermoshi
Ë.
area
Encoutered in
Chrysopa prasina Burn. Vermoshi
area
Encoutered in
Chrysopa abbreviata Curt. Vermoshi
area
Encoutered in
Chrysopa perla L. Vermoshi
area
MYRMELEONTIDAE
Encoutered in
Palpares libelluloides L. Vermoshi
area
ODONATA
CALOPTERYGIDAE
Present in
Calopteryx splendes
Banded Demoiselle Plivesa me shirita aquatic areas
Harris.
, grasslands
Present in
aquatic sites,
Calopteryx virgo L. Beautiful Demoiselle Pilivesa e bukur -
flat – hilly
sites
170
Pilivesa e vogël e
Ceriagrion tenellum De
Small Red Damselfly kuqe LR (nt)
Villers.
Kaltëroshja e Present in
Coenagrion ornatum Selys. Ornate Bluet x LR (nt)
vogël aquatic sites
Present in
aquatic sites
Libellula depressa L. Broad-bodied Abdomengjëra -
of flat – hilly
areas
Present in
Emerald Pilivesa - ngjyrë aquatic sites
Lestes sponsa Hanseman.
Damselfly smeraldi of flat – hilly
areas
Present in
Lindenia tetraphylla aquatic sites
The Bladetail - x x
Vander- Linden. of flat – hilly
areas
Present close
and in the
Sympetrum sanguineum
Ruddy Darter Peliveza e kuqe aquatic sites,
Müller.
flat – hilly
sites
ORTHOPTERA
Present in flat
Anacridium aegyptium L. Egyptian Locust
– hilly areas
Present in all
Gryllus campestris L. Field cricket
climatic zones
Phaneroptera falcate Sickle-bearing Bush
- -
Scop. Cricket
Present in
Great Green Bush- Antenagjati humid
Tettigonia viridissima L. -
Cricket gjelberosh grasslands;
flat-hilly sites
171
VERTEBRATES
This is a list of the vertebrate species recorded in Albanian Alps area. The species listed in this Annex are
indicated by:
 the name of the species or subspecies, or
 all the species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon;
The abbreviation ‘sp.’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that
family or genus.
1. Mammals: There are 37 mammal species in Albanian Alps area of which none is critically
endangered, none is endangered, 3 are near-threatened, 16 are of Least concern, 16 are LR/lc
(Lower Risk/ least concern) and 1 is Vulnerable according IUCN categorisation.
2. Birds: The avifauna of Albanian Alps includes a total of 135 species, of which 130 are classified
as least concern, 2 are classified as near threatened species and 2 speciesis are classified as
endangered according IUCN classification.
3. Reptiles: There are 31 reptile species encounterd within the Albanian Alps area, of which 14
species are included in Annex IV of EU Habitat Directive and 3 species are included in both
Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitat Directive; according the IUCN classification the reptile
species are classified as near threatened (2 species), lower risk/near threatened (1 species),
vulnerandle (1 species) and least concern (20 species).
4. Amphibians: The Albanian Alps area hosts a total of 12 species, of which 5 amphibian species
are included Annex IV of EU Habitat Directive; according IUCN classification amphibian species
encounterd within the Alps area are classified as LC (11 species) and CR (1 species).
5. Fishes: The fish species of the area are represented by species found Valbona, Thethi, Vermoshi
Rivers; however there are not periodical studies on fish and aquatic fauna assessment. There are
found 7 fish species in the Alps area, of which 2 species are included in the Annex II of EU
Habitat Directive; Accordind the IUCN classification 1 species is critically endangered, 1 species is
endanhered and 2 species are included in “least concern” category.
172
CLASS/ORDER/Family/S Common Albanian Annex Annex Annex Annex

IUCN Comment
pecies Name common name I II IV V
FISHES
ANGUILLIFORMES
Anguillidae
Present to Shkodra, Ohrid,
Prespa Lakes and Cemi,
Buna, Kiri, Drini,
Shkumbini and Vjosa
Rivers.
As Implementation of
Anguilla anguilla European eel Ngjala CR
CITES and in accordance
with EC Regulation
338/97, import or export
of eel in the EU is banned.
Management plan is
missing in Albania.
CYPRINIFORMES
Cyprinidae
Present ia all albanian
Pseudorasbora parva Stone moroko LC
rivers
SALMONIFORMES
Salmonidae
Balkan brook Present to Shkodra Lake
Salmo farioides trout; Drini Trofta e Drinit and Drini, Valbona, Thethi,
Trout Kiri, Cemi and Mati Rivers
Native to Shkodra Lake
Trofta e
Salmo marmoratus Marble trout x LC and Drini, (Valobona and
mermerte
White Drini) Rivers
Soft-muzzled
Salmo obtusirostris EN Native to Cemi River.
trout
Trofta e
Salmo trutta fario Brown trout Vermoshi River
murrme
Trofta e artë,
Invasive, Introduced
trofta e
species in Shkodra Lake
Salvelinus fontinalis brook trout përrenjve,
basin (Drini, Cemi, Kiri,
trofta e artë e
Valbona Rivers)
përrenjve
AMPHIBIA n.a.
CAUDATA
Salamandridae
Salamandra Fire E bukura e LC

salamandra salamander dheut
Alpinesalama Salamandra
Salamandra atra x LC
nder alpine
Triturus carnifex Tritoni i madh,

Italian Crested
(Triturus cristatus tritoni me x x LC
Newt
carnifex) kreshtë
Triturus alpestris Alpinenewt Tritoni alpin LC
ANURA
Bufonidae
Thithlopa,
Bufo bufo Common Toad LC
bllaçkëlopa
Zhaba, zhaba e
Bufo viridis Green Toad x LC
gjelbër
Discoglossidae
Yellow- Bretkoca
Bombina variegata LC
Bellied Toad barkverdhë
173
Hylidae
Common tree Bretkoca e
Hyla arborea x LC
frog pemëve
Ranidae
Pelophylax Bretkoca e
Marsh Frog LC
ridibundus kenetave
Pelophylax Albanian Bretcoca e
EN
shqipericus Water Frog Shqiperise
Bretkoca greke,
Greek Stream
Rana graeca bretkoca e x LC
Frog
përrenjve
Bretkoca e
European kuqrremtë,
Rana temporaria LC
common frog bretloca e
maleve
REPTILES n.a.
CHELONIA
(TESTUDINES)
Emydidae
Breshkujca,
European breshkujësja,
Emys orbicularis x x LR/nt
Pond Terrapin breshkujca
europiane
Testudinidae
Breshka e
Herman's zakonshme,
Testudo hermanni x x NT
Tortoise Breshka e
Hermanit
GEOMYDIDAE
Mauremys rivulata Caspian turtle Breshka kaspike
SAURIA
Anguidae
Kakëzogëza,
Anguis fragilis Slow-worm
kakroga
Zhapiku pa
European
Pseudopus apodus kemebe
Legless Lizard
Evropian
Gekkonidae
Mediterranea Geko
Hemidactylus
n House mesdhetar I LC
turcicus
Gecko shtepise
Lacertidae
Hardhuca e
Algyroides Blue-throated shkëmbinjve,
x LC
nigropunctatus Keeled Lizard hardhuca
pikazezë
Zhapiku i
Lacerta agilis Sand Lizard shpejtë x LC
Lacerta Montenegrin Hardhuca

montenegrina lizard malazeze
Balkan Green Zhapiku me tri
Lacerta trilineata x LC
Lizard vija
Zhapiu i gjelbër,
European
Lacerta viridis zhapiku i x LC
Green Lizard
gjelbër, çapini
Hardhuca e
mureve,
Common Wall
Podarcis muralis hardhja, x LC
Lizard
hardha,
hardhela
Podarcis tauricus Balkan Wall Hardhuca e LC
174
lizard barit, hardhuca

ballkanike e
mureve
Hardhuca
shpinëgjelbër,
Dalmatian
Podarcis melisellensis hardhuca e LC
Wall Lizard
mureve
dalmatine
Sharp-
Podarcis oxycephala snouted Rock LC
Lizard
common
Zootoca vivipara Zhapiku vivipar LC
lizard
Scincidae
European
Zhapiu me
Ablepharus kitaibelii Snake-eyed x LC
kembe te vogla
Skink
OPHIDIA (SERPENTES)
Colubridae
Shigjeta e gjatë,
Caspian Whip astriti, biskari,
Coluber caspius x
Snake shigjetulla,
gjetulla, beri
Coluber (Hierophis) Balkan Whip Shigjeta e
LC
gemonensis Snake shkurtër
Dahl's Whip
Platyceps najadum Shigjeta e hollë LC
Snake
Smooth
Coronella austriaca Gjarpri i butë x
Snake
Aesculapian Bolla e
Elaphe longissima x LC
Snake shtëpisë, breva
Elaphe Four-lined Bolla me kater
x x NT
quatuorlineata Snake vija
Malpolon Montpellier
Biroja LC
monspessulanus snake
Gjarpri i barit,
Natrix natrix Grass snake bollujca, LC
bollujësa
European Cat
Telescopus falax Gjarpri me lara x LC
Snake
Typhlopidae
Typhlops Gjarpri i verber
Worm Snake
vermicularis krymbor
Leopard
Zamenis situla Gjarpri leopard LC
Snake
Viperidae
Nëpërka,
nëpërka me bri,
Nose-horned
Vipera ammodytes rrëshaja, buçi, x LC
Viper
sheliga, shlliga,
laruka, nepka
Nëpërka e
European malit, nëpërka
Vipera berus LC
Adder me njolla e
malit
Nëpërka e
vogël e malit,
Meadow
nëpërka e malit
Vipera ursinii Viper, Ursini's x VU
me zigzake,
viper
nëpërka
e Ursinit
BIRDS
175
APODIFORMES
Apodidae
Apus apus Swift Dejka LC
Dejka
Apus melba Alpine Swift LC
gjoksbardhe
CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Caprimulgidae
Caprimulgus
Nightjar x LC
europaeus
CORACIIFORMES
Alcedinidae
Alcedo athis Kingfisher Bilbili i ujit x LC
Meropidae
(European)
Merops apiaster Grilla LC
Bee-eater
Upupidae
Upupa epops Hoopoe Pupeza LC
COLUMBIFORMES
Columbidae
Pëllumbi i egër i
Columba livia Rock Dove LC
shkëmbit
Columba oenas Stock Dove Pëllumbi i egër LC
Common
Columba palumbus Guhaku LC
Wood Pigeon
(Eurasian)
Streptopelia decaocto Kumria LC
Collared Dove
Streptopelia turtur Turtle Dove Turtulli LC
Cuculidae
Cuculus canorus Cuckoo Qyqja LC
FALCONIFORMES.
Accipitridae
Accipiter gentilis Gosshawk Gjaraqina x LC
Gjeraqina e
Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk x LC
shkurtër
Levant Gjeraqina
Accipiter brevipes x LC
Sparrowhawk këmbëshkurtër
Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle x VU
Shqiponja e
Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle LC
maleve
Common
Buteo buteo Huta LC
Buzzard
Long-legged Huta
Buteo rufinus x LC
Buzzard bishtbardhë
Shqiponja
Short-toed
Circaetus gallicus gjarpërngrënës x LC
Eagle
e
Griffon
Gyps fulvus Shkaba x LC
Vulture
Hieraaetus (Aquila) Shqiponja
Booted Eagle x LC
penatus bishtvizuar
Hieraaetus (Aquila) Shqiponja e
Bonelli's Eagle x LC
fasciatus vogël
Neophron Egyptian
Kali i qyqes x EN
percnopterus Vulture
Honey Huta Migrant species. Present in
Pernis apivorus x LC
Buzzard grenxangrënëse summer.
Falconidae
Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel x LC
(Eurasian) Skifteri
Falco tinnunculus LC
Kestrel kthetrazi
(Eurasian) Skifteri i
Falco subbuteo LC
Hobby drurëve
Skifteri i
Falco biarmicus Lanner Falcon x LC
Mesdheut
176
Skifteri i
Falco cherrug Saker Falcon x EN
gjuetisë
Peregrine
Falco peregrinus Krahëthati x LC
Falcon
GALLIFORMES
Phasianidae
Alectoris graeca Patridge Thëllëza e malit x NT
Thëllëza e
Perdix perdix Grey Partridge x LC
fushës
Tetraonidae
Bonasa bonasia Hazel Grouse Pula me cafkë x LC
(Eurasian)
Tetrao urogallus Gjeli i egër x LC
Capercaillie
Tetrao tetrix Black Grouse x LC
GRUIFORMES
Gruidae
(Common)
Grus grus x LC
Crane
PASSERIFORMES
Aegithalidae
Trishtili
Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit bishtgjatë LC
kokëbardhë
Alaudidae
(Eurasian)
Alauda arvensis Lauresha LC
Skylark
Lauresha me
Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark LC
brirë
Galerida cristata Crested Lark Dervishi LC
Lullula arborea Woodlark Drenja x LC
Certhiidae
Certhia familiaris Treecreeper Piku rrotullues LC
Short-toed Rrotulluesi
Certia brachydactyla LC
Treecreeper gishtshkurtër
Cinclidae
Cinclus cinclus Dipper Mëllenjë uji LC
Corvidae
Korbi
Corvus frugilegus Rook LC
sqepbardhë
Corvus monedula Jackdaw LC
Corvus corax Raven Korbi LC
Corvus corone Carrion crow LC
Garrulus glandarius Jay Grifsha LC
Nucifraga
Nutcracker Bocethyesi LC
cariocatactes
Pica pica Magpie Laraska LC
Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine Cough Korbi sqepkuq LC
Emberizidae
Yellowhamme Cerla
Emberiza citrinella LC
r verdhoshe
Cerla
Emberiza cirlus Cirl Bunting LC
gushëgjelbër
Emberiza cia Rock Bunting Cerla e malit LC
Ortolan
Emberiza hortulana Cerla e kopshtit x LC
Bunting
Emberiza Black-headed
Cerla kokëzezë LC
melanocephala Bunting
Cerla e
Miliaria calandra Corn Bunting LC
zakonshme
Fringillidae
Carduelis chloris Greenfinch Verduni LC
Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch Gardelina LC
Carduelis spinus Siskin Cirla dimërake LC
177
Carduelis cannabina Linnet Kërpngrënësi LC

Coccothraustes
Hawfinch Sqeptrashi LC
coccothraustes
Avdosa,
Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch LC
Zboraksi
Fringilla
Brambling Zboraksi i malit LC
montifringilla
Common
Loxia curvirostra Sqepkryqi LC
Crossbil
(Eurasian) Kuqalashi
Pyrrhula pyrrhula LC
Bullfinch cafkëzezë
(European) Zog bari
Serinus serinus LC
Serin sqepshkurtër
Hirundinidae
Dallëndyshja
Delichon urbica House Martin LC
bisht bardhë
Dallëndyshja
Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow LC
bishtgërshërë
Red-rumped Dallëndyshja
Hirundo daurica LC
Swallow kërbisht kuqe
Ptyonoprogne (Eurasian) Dallëndyshja e
LC
rupestris Crag Martin gurëve
Dallëndyshja e
Riparia riparia Sand Martin LC
lumit
Laniidae
Red-backed Larashi
Lanius collurio x LC
Shrike kurrizkuq
Woodchat Larashi
Lanius senator LC
Shrike kokëkuq
Motacillidae
Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit Drenja e pyllit LC
Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit Drenja e luadhit LC
Anthus spinoletta Water Pipit Drenja e malit LC
Bishtatundësi i
Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail LC
malit
Bishtatundësi i
Motacilla alba Pied Wagtail LC
bardhë
Muscicapidae
(European)
Erithacus rubecula Gushëkuqi LC
Robin
Ficedula Semi-collared Mizakapësi
x NT
semitorquata Flycatcher krahëvizuar
Collared Mizakapësi
Ficedula albicollis x LC
Flycatcher qafëbardhë
(European)
Ficedula hypoleuca Pied Mizakapësi i zi LC
Flycatcher
Luscinia (Common)
Bilbili LC
megarhynchos Nightingale
Spotted Mizakapësi i
Muscicapa striata LC
Flycatcher përhimë
Bishtbardha e
Oenanthe oenanthe Wheatear LC
gurit
Black-eared Bishtbardha e
Oenanthe hispanica LC
Wheatear gurit
Bishtkuqi
Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart LC
zeshkan
Phoenicurus (Common) Bishtkuqi i
LC
phoenicurus Redstart mureve
Saxicola rubetra Whinchat Ceku kokëzi LC
Oriolidae
Oriolus oriolus Golden Oriole Bengu LC
Paridae
Parus palustris Marsh Tit Trishtili i vogël i LC
178
murrmë
Parus lugubris Sombre Tit LC
Parus ater Coal Tit Trishtili i zi LC
Parus caeruleus Blue Tit Trishtili i kaltër LC
Parus major Great Tit Trishtili i madh LC
Passeridae
House Harabeli i
Passer domesticus LC
Sparrow shtëpisë
Harabeli i
Passer montanus Field Sparrow LC
fushës
Harabeli i
Petronia petronia Rock Sparrow LC
gurëve
Prunellidae
Dredhuesi
Prunella modularis Dunnock LC
gushëpërhimë
Apine Dredhuesi i
Prunella collaris LC
Accentor Alpeve
Regulidae
Regulus regulus Goldcrest Mbretthi LC
Mbretthi vetull
Regulus ignicapillus Firecrest LC
bardhë
Sittidae
European Zvarritësi i
Sitta europaea LC
Nuthatch drurëve
Rock Zvarritësi i
Sitta neumayer LC
Nuthatch shkrepave
Sylviidae
Icterin Fishkëllyesi
Hippolais icterina LC
Warbler gushëbardhë
Wood Fishkëllyesi i
Phylloscopus sibilatrix LC
Warbler madh
Fishkëllyesi i
Phylloscopus collybita Chiffchaff LC
vogël
(Eurasian)
Sylvia atricapilla Bilbilthi kokëzi LC
Blackcap
Common Bilbilthi i
Sylvia communis LC
Whitethroat përhimë
Sardinian Bilbilthi kokëzi
Sylvia melanocephala x LC
Warbler gushëbardhë
Subalpine Bilbilthi
Sylvia cantillans LC
Warbler gushëkuq
Sturnidae
Sturnus vulgaris Starling Cerloi, Gargulli LC
Tichodromidae
Zvarritësi
Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper LC
krahëkuq
Troglodytidae
Troglodytes
Wren Cinxamiu x LC
troglodytes
Turdidae
Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart LC
Turdus merula Balck Bird Mëllenja LC
Tusha e madhe
Turdus pilaris Fieldfare LC
e fushës
Tusha
Turdus philomelos Song Thrush LC
këngëtare
Tusha
Turdus iliacus Redwing LC
vetullbardhë
Turdus viscivorus Mistle Thrush Tusha e malit LC
Tusha
Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush LC
bishtkuqe
Blue Rock
Monticola solitarius Tusha blu LC
Thrush
179
PICIFORMES
Picidae
Black
Dryocopus martius Qukapiku i zi LC
Woodpecker
Great Spotted Qukapiku
Dendrocopos major x LC
Wodpecker larosh i madh
Qukapiku i
Syrian
Dendrocopos syriacus zakonshëm x LC
Woodpecker
larosh
Middle
Qukapiku
Dendrocopos medius Spotted x LC
larosh i mesëm
Woodpecker
Qukapiku
Dendrocopos White-backed
larosh kurriz x LC
leucotos Woodpecker
bardhë
Lesser
Qukapiku
Dendrocopos minor Spotted LC
larosh i vogël
Woodpecker
(Eurasian)
Jynx torquilla Kokëdredhësi LC
Wryneck
Green Qukapiku i
Picus viridis LC
Woodpecker gjelbër
STRIGIFORMES
Strigidae
Long-eared
Asio otus Bufi veshëgjatë LC
Owl
Athene noctua Little Owl Kukuvajka LC
Bubo bubo Eagle Owl Bufi x LC
Otus scops Scops Owl Gjoni LC
Kukuvajka e
Strix aluco Tawny Owl LC
pyjeve
Tytonidae
Kukuvajka
Tyto alba Barn Owl LC
mjekëroshe
MAMMALS n.a.
ARTIODACTYLA
Bovidae
Rupicapra rupicapra Chamois Dhia e eger x LR/lc
Cervidae
Kaprolli,
Capreolus capreolus Roe Deer LR/lc
Sorkadhja
Suidae
Sus scrofa Wild Boar Derri i eger LR/lc
CARNIVORA
Canidae
Canis lupus Gray Wolf Ujku x x x LC
Vulpes vulpes Red Fox Dhelpra LC
Felidae
Felis silvestris Wildcat Macja e eger x LC
Rreqebulli i
Lynx lynx Eurasian Lynx x x LC
Euroazise
Mustelidae
European
Lutra lutra Lunderza x x NT
Otter
Shqarrthi,
Martes foina Beech Marten kunadhja LR/lc
gushëbardhë
Zardafi,
kunadhja
Martes martes Pine Marten x LR/lc
gushëverdhë,
kuna, kuni
Eurasian Baldosa,
Meles meles LR/lc
Badger Vjedulla
180
Nuselala,
bishtafurka,
bukla,
furrëbubëza,
Mustela nivalis Least Weasel larakuqja, LR/lc
nusebukura,
nusëza,
nusmera,
nusmira
European
Mustela putorius Qelbësi, qelbza x LR/lc
Polecat
Ursidae
Ursus arctos Brown Bear Ariu i murrme x x LR/lc
CHIROPTERA
Miniopterinae
Schreiber's
Miniopterus Lakuriqi i natës
long-fingered LC
schreibersii i Shraibersit
bat
Molossidae
Lakuriqi
European
Tadarida teniotis Evropian pa LC
free-tailed bat
bisht
Rhinolophidae
Lakuriqnate
Blasius's
Rhinolophus blasii hundepatkua i x NT
horseshoe bat
Blasit
Rhinolophus Greater Lakuriqi i madh
x
ferrumequinum horseshoe bat hundëpatkua
Mediterranea Lakuriqnate
Rhinolophus euryale n horseshoe hundepatkua i x NT
bat mesdheut
Vespertilionidae
Schreiber's
Miniopterus Lakuriqi i natës
long-fingered LC
schreibersii i Shreibersit
bat
greater
Myotis myotis mouse-eared LC
bat
Lesser mouse-
Myotis blythi LC
eared bat
long-fingered Lakuriq nate
Myotis capaccinii VU
bat gisht gjate
Savis' LC
Pipistrellus savii Pipistreli i Savit
Pipistrelle
ERINACEOMORPHA
Erinaceidae
Southern
Erinaceus concolor
White-
(Erinaceus Iriqi LR/lc
breasted
rumanicus)
Hedgehog
LAGOMORPHA
Laporidae
Lepus capensis Brown Hare Lepuri i murmë LC
RODENTIA
Gliridae
Edible Gjeri, geri, giri,
Glis glis dormouse or f gjumashi i LC
at dormouse majmë i pyllit
Muridae
Yellow-necked Miu
Apodemus flavicollis LR/lc
Mouse gushëverdhë,
181
bokrra
Miu bishtgjatë i
Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse LC
pyllit
Apodemus Broad-
mystacinus toothed Field Miu i shkembit LR/lc
(Apodemus epimelas) Mouse
Mus musculus House mouse Miu i shtepise LC
Sciuridae
Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel Ketri LC
SORICOMORPHA
Soricidae
Hundgjati
Bicolored
Crocidura leucodon dhembebardhe LR/lc
Shrew
i livadheve
Lesser White- Hundgjati
Crocidura
toothed dhembebardhe LR/lc
suaveolens
Shrew i kopshteve
Etruscan Hundgjati
Suncus etruscus LC
Shrew etrusk
Talpidae
Mediterranea
Talpa caeca Urithi i verber LR/lc
n Mole
Urithi i verber i
Stankovic's
Talpa stankovici Ballkanit; Urithi LR/lc
Mole
i Stankovicit
182
List of plants for Albanian Alps Area (Thethi & Valbona Valley National Parks and Gashi River
Strict Nature Reserve
Albania has a rich flora with about 3,250 native vascular plant species distributed in 165 families and 910
genera. In other words, Albania holds 30% of the 11,600 species in Europe.
Compared to the surface, the flora in Albania is rich in species. About 800 species (22% of the total flora)
are also reported in the peninsula Balkan flora giving the Albanian strong Balkan connotation. Of these,
about 400 species (14% of the total flora) are endemic to the Balkans.
Whithin the Balkan endemic group, the subendemic species, or the species in common between Albania
and Greece or Albania and the FYROM, or Albania and Montenegro, form an important category with
approximately 180 entities (Dalipi et al., 1997).
This is a list of species recorded in Albanian Alps area
Interpretation
1. Annex II: means Annex II of the COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild
fauna and flora. The Annex II provides the list of ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION
REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION
2. IUCN: means species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN.
Ex Extinct The species is extinct in the wild.

CR Critically Endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely
NT Near Threatened
to do so in the future.
LC Least Concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data Deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
183
Habitats
FAMILY/Species Common Name Albanian Name Directive IUCN Comment
Annexes
Acanthaceae
Acanthus spinosus Spiny Bear's Breech Dashtër gjembore - -
Aceraceae
Acer campestre Field maple Krekë, krekëz - -
Adoxaceae
Adoxa moschatellina Town Hall Clock Adokse e myshkut - -
Sambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder Qingël - -
Sambucus nigra Blue Elder Shtog i zi, shtog II/IV EN
Sambucus racemosa Red-Berried Elder Shtog i kuq - -
Viburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree Butinë e butë - -
Viburnum opulus Water Elder Butinë e kuqe - -
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus albus White Pigweed Nenë e bardhë - -
Amaranthus blitoides Mat Amaranth Nenë blitoid - -
Amaranthus blitum Least Amaranth Nenë e shndritshme - -
Amaranthus hybridus Purple amaranth Nenë hibride - -
Nenë ngjyrëgjaku
Amaranthus cruentus Spreading Amaranth - -
Amaranthus deflexus Largefruit Amaranth Nenë e përkulur - -
Amaranthus graecizans Tumbleweed Nenë grecizane - -
Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot Pigweed Nenë e spërveshur - -
Amaryllidaceae
Allium amethystinum Amethystine Onion Qepë vjollcë-blu - LC
Allium carinatum Keeled Garlic Qepë e karenuar - LC
Allium flavum Yellow Onion Qepë e verdhë - LC
Allium hirtovaginatum Muscat Onion Qepë moskat - -
Allium paniculatum Mediterranean Onion Qepë melthore - LC
Allium sphaerocephalon Round Headed Leek Qepë kokërruzullore - LC
Allium strictum Fragrant Onion Qepë e pëpiktë - -
Allium vineale Wild Onion Qepë e vreshtave - LC
Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop Boçeborë II/IV NT
Narcissus poeticus Poet's Narcissus Narciz poetik - DD
Narcissus pseudonarcissus Trumpet Narcissus Narciz i rremë II/IV LC
Sternbergia lutea Yellow Star Flower Sternbergie e verdhë - LC
Anacardiaceae
Cotinus coggygria Young Fustic Cemërdell - -
Rhus coriaria Tanner's Sumach Shqemë - -
Apiaceae
Aegopodium podagraria Ground Elder Egopodë - -
Ammi majus Bishop's Flower Ami e madhe - -
Ammi visnaga Toothpick Plant Ami visnaga - -
Angelica sylvestris Woodland Angelica Angjelikë e pyllit - -
Anthriscus caucalis Bur Chervil Sterpujë si kaukalis - -
Anthriscus cerefolium Garden Chervil Sterpujë gjethebrirë - -
Anthriscus fumarioides Fumitory Like Chervil Sterpujë fumarie - -
Anthriscus nemorosa Wood chervil Sterpujë pyjesh - -
Anthriscus sylvestris Wild Chervil Antriskus i pyllit - -
Apium graveolens Wild Celery Selin - LC
Selin me lule ndër
Apium nodiflorum Water Parsnip - LC
nyje
Astrantia major Great Masterwort Astrante e madhe - -
184
Athamanta cretensis Athamanta Atamantë e Kretës - -

Atamantë e
Athamantha macedonica Macedonian Candy Carrot - VU
Maqedonisë
Portenschlagiella Portenshlagë me
Lucania Cicely - -
ramosissima shumë degë
Athamanta turbith Candy Carrot Atamantë turbith - -
Atamantë e luginës
Athamanta vestina Vestina Valley’s Athamanta - -
Vestina
Bupleurum falcatum Sickle Leaved Hare's Ear Bupleur kosërak - -
Bupleur
Bupleurum odontites Narrowleaf thorow wax - -
gjethengushtë
Bupleur shumë e
Bupleurum praealtum rushy hare’s-ear - -
lartë
Bupleur me gjethe të
Bupleurum rotundifolium Thorow Wax - -
rrumbullakëta
Cachrys ferulacea Common basilisk Kakris si ferulë - -
Carum carvi Caraway Karabotit karvi - -
Carum heldreichii Kummel rock Karabotit i Heldraihit
Karabotit me shumë
Carum multiflorum Kummel of Greece - -
lule
Caucalis platycarpos Small Bur Parsley Hermuth frytgjerë - -
Chaerophyllum aromaticum Broad Leaved Chervil Stërpujë e merme - -
Chaerophyllum aureum Golden Chervil Stërpujë e praruar - -
Chaerophyllum hirsutum Hairy Chervil Stërpujë e kreshpët - -
Chaerophyllum nodosum Sweet Cicely Stërpujë me nyje
Vratik me gjethe
Cnidium silaifolium Woods carawayleaves - -
silaje
Conium maculatum Cigue Kukutë e njollosur - -
Daucus carota Wild Carrot - LC
Dichoropetalum schottii Schot’s Hog’s Fennel
Gjembardhë ngjyrë
Eryngium amethystinum Amethyst Eryngo - -
ametisti
Eryngium campestre Sea Holly Gjembardhë fushash - -
Eryngium creticum Small Headed Blue Eryngo Gjembardhë e Kretës - -
Ferulago campestris Fennel Ferula Ferulagë fushash - -
Ferulago sylvatica Giant Fennel Ferulagë pyjesh - -
Geocaryum cynapioides Globular Earth-Chestnut Qinap si kukutë
Karabotit me shumë
Hellenocarum multiflorum Multiflorous Caraway
lule
Heracleum sphondylium Common Hogwee Herakle rrotulle - -
Laser trilobum Laser Lazer me tre vriguj - -
Laserpitium krapfii Krapfii ‘s laser-wort Lazerpicë e Krapafit - -
Mountain laser-wort,
Laserpitium siler Lazerpicë siler - -
sermountain
Levisticum officinale Lovage Levistik mjekësor - -
Ligusticum lucidum Alpine Lovage Vratik i ndritshëm - -
Ligusticum albanicum Albanian Lovage Vratik shqiptar - CR Endemic: Alps
Meum athamanticum Spignel Kaptinbardhë - -
Myrrhis odorata Sweet Cicely Mirre e mermë - -
Luledhri
Oenanthe pimpinelloides Corky Fruited Water Dropwort - -
netërzngjashme
Narrow Leaved Water
Oenanthe silaifolia Luledhri gjethesilaje - -
Dropwort
Opoponax chironium Hercules All Heal Opopanake e Kironit - -
Orlaya daucoides Unknown Carrot Orlajë si karrotë - -
Orlaya daucorlaya Balkan Cocklebur Orlajë daukorlajë - -
Orlaya grandiflora Large-flowerd bur parsley Orlajë lulemadhe - -
Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Pastinakë e kultivuar - -
Peucedanum austriacum Austrian hog’s fennel Selin i Austrisë - -
Peucedanum cervaria Hart’s fennel Selin drer - -
Peucedanum officinale Sulphurwort Selin mjeksor - -
Peucedanum schottii Schot’s Fennel Selin i Skotit - -
Physospermum cornubiense Bladderseed Fizospermë farëfryrë - -
185
Pimpinella alpestris Alps Burnet Pimpinelë alpine - -

Pimpinella nigra Black Burnet Pimpinelë e zezë - -
Pimpinella peregrina Southern Burnet Saxifrage Pimpinelë shtegtare - -
Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet saxifrage Pimpinelë iriqëz - -
Pimpinelë
Pimpinella tragium Rock burnet - -
shkëmbinjsh
Portenshlagë shumë
Portenschlagiella
Candy Carrot e degëzuar - -
ramosissima
Sanicula europaea Wood Marche Sanikël - -

Scandix australis Southern Shepherd's Needle Finraspor e Australise - -
Seseli elatum High seseli Sesel i lartë - -
Seseli montanum Mountain seseli Sesel malesh - -
Seseli viarum Mountain seseli Sesel malesh
Silaum silaus Pepper Saxifrage Silaum - -
Smyrnium perfoliatum Biennial Alexanders Smirnë nëpërfletëse - -
Tordylium maximum Hartwort Tordilë e madhe - -
Tordylium officinale Common hartwort Tordilë mjekësore - -
Torilis arvensis Spreading Hedgeparsley Torilë arash - -
Torilis japonica Upright Hedge Parsley Torilë e Japonisë - -
Trinia dalechampii Dalechamps’ honewort Netërz e Daleshampit - -
Trinia glauca Common honewort Netërz e rimtë - -
Asclepiadaceae
Qenmbytëse
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Swallow Wort - -
Ushonjëzore
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex aquifolium European Holly Ashja - -
Araceae
Arum italicum Large Cuckoo Pint Kelkazë e Italisë - -
Arum maculatum Cuckoo Pint Kelkazë e njollosur - -
Araliaceae
Hedera helix Ivy Urth - -
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Black Spleenwort Fier i zi - -
Asplenium fissum Cloven Spleenwort Fier i çarë - -
Asplenium lepidum Tender Spleenwort Fier i bukur - -
Asplenium septentrionale Forked Spleenwort Fier verior - -
Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhairspleenwort Fier me qime - -
Asplenium viride Green Spleenwort Fier i blertë - -
Ceterach officinarum Rustyback Fern Bargjarpër mjeksor - -
Skolopendër i
Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue fern - -
rëndomtë
Asteraceae
Achillea atrata Black yarrow Barpezmi e Kluzit - -
Achillea collina Hill Yarrow Barpezmi kodrinor - -
Antennaria dioica Pussy's Toes Antenarie dioike - -
Anthemis altissima Tall Chamomile Syviç shumë i lartë - -
Anthemis arvensis Corn Chamomile Syviç i arave - -
Anthemis austriaca Austrian Chamomile Syviç austriak - -
Anthemis cotula Wild Chamomile Maraq - -
Arctium minus Lesser Burdock Rrodhe e vogël - -
Artemisia absinthium Green Ginger Pelin - -
Artemisia alba Turra White Sage Pelin i bardhë - -
Artemisia campestris Sage Pelin i fushës II/IV NT
Artemisia petrosa White Genep Pelin si ombrellë
Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort Pelin i rëndomtë - -
Aster alpinus Alpine aster Aster alpin - -
Aster amellus Italian Aster Aster amelus - -
Aster bellidiastrum False Aster Aster yllbukur - -
Aster linosyris Goldilocks Aster Aster linosir - -
Aster sedifolius Acrid Aster Aster gjetheulët - -
Asteriscus aquaticus Golden Star Asteriskë ujorë - -
Bellis annua Annual Daisy Luleshqerrë - -
186
njëvjeçare
Lulesheqerrë
Bellis perennis Lawndaisy - -
shumëvjeçare
Bellis sylvestris Wood Daisy Lulesheqerre pyjore - -
Bombicilinë e
Bombycilaena erecta Micropus - -
ngriturë
Carduus personata Great Marsh Thistle Freshkull - -
Ushonjëz e
Carlina acaulis Stemless Carline Thistle - -
pakërcelltë
Carlina corymbosa Clustered Carline Thistle Ushonjëz vastakore - -
Carlina vulgaris Carline Thistle Ushonjëz e rëndomtë - -
Centaurea benedicta Blessed Thistle Kokoçel i shenjtë - -
Centaurea calcitrapa Star Thistle Kokoçel yjor - -
Centaurea candelabrum Candelabrum Thistle Kokoçel si shandan - VU Endemic: Alps, Korabi

Centaurea kosaninii Kosaninii Thistle Kokoçel i Koshaninit - VU Endemic: Alps
Centaurea jacea French Hardhead Kokoçel i rënë II/IV VU
Centaurea pannonica Hungarian Thistle Kokoçel i Panonisë - -
Centaurea phrygia Wig Knapweed Kokoçel i Frigias - -
Centaurea solstitialis Yellow Star Thistle Gjemb i bardhë - -
Chondrilla juncea Rush Skeletonweed Zegun si zhukë - -
Cicerbita alpina Blue Sow Thistle Cicerbitë alpine - -
Cichorium endivia Escarole Çikore - -
Cichorium intybus Zikorifa Kore - LC
Cirsium arvense Canada Thistle Gjembi i arave - -
Cirsium erisithales Yellow Thistle Cirzë erisital - -
Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle Cirzë kënetore - -
Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Gjemb gomari - -
Cladanthus mixtus Weedy Dogfennel Kamemel i përzier
Conyza canadensis Canadian Horseweed Konizë e Kanadasë - -
Crepis alpestris Alpine Hawk's Beard Shmangë alpine - -
Crepis bertiscea Hawk's-beard Shmangë bertisce - VU Endemic: Alps
Crupina crupinastrum Southern Crupina Krupinë krupinaster - -
Crupina vulgaris False Saw Wort Krupinë e rëndomtë - -
Axillary Knapweed, Felty
Cyanus triumfettii Kokoçel i Triumfetit
Knapweed
Dittrichia graveolens Stinkwort Ditrike erërëndë - -
Doronicum austriacum Austrian Leopard's Bane Doronik austriak - -
Doronicum columnae Eastern Leopard's Bane Doronik me kolonë - -
Doronicum grandiflorum Large Flowered Leopard's Bane Doronik lulemadh - -
Echinops ritro Southern Globe Thistle Ekinops ritro - -
Erigeron acer Blue Fleabane Erigeron i adhët - -
Erigeron alpinus Alpine Erigeron Erigeron i Alpeve - -
Eupatorium cannabinum Holy Rope Eupatore kërpore - -
Omalotekë e
Gnaphalium norvegicum Highland Cudweed - -
Norvegjisë
Omalotekë
Gnaphalium supinum Dwarf Cudweed - -
shpinështrirë
Gnaphalium sylvaticum Heath Cudweed Omalotekë pyjore - -
Gnaphalium uliginosum Marsh Cudweed Omalotekë moçalore - -
Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Oxtongue Gjuhëdemi e ashpër - -
Hieracium hoppeanum Eastern Mouse Ear Hawkweed Këmashën hopeanë - -
Homogyne alpina Purple Colt's Foot Homogjin alpin - -
Hypochoeris achyrophorus Mediterranean Cat’s ear Hipoker i përforcuar - -
Hypochoeris cretensis Southern Cat’s ear Hipoker e Kretës - -
Hypochoeris glabra Smooth Cat's ear Hipoker i shogët - -
Inula britannica Yellow Starwort Plenër britanike - -
Inula ensifolia Narrow Leaved Inula Plenër gjetheshpatë - -
Inula salicina Willow Leaved Inula Plenër shelgore - -
Jacobaea abrotanifolia Pinnate Leaved Ragwort Pulith gjetheabrotan - -
Jacobaea vulgaris Tansy Ragwort Pulith i rëndomtë - -
187
Jurinea mollis Jurinea Jurinë butloshe - -

Lactuca muralis Wall Lettuce Marule muresh - LC
Lactuca perennis Mountain Lettuce Marule shumëvjeçare - DD
Lactuca saligna Willowleaf Lettuce Marule shelgore - LC
Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Ogrisht - LC
Lactuca viminea Pliant Lettuce Marule thuprore - LC
Lapsana communis Nipplewort Lapsanë e rëndomtë - -
Dhëmbëluan i
Leontodon hispidus Rough Hawkbit - -
grathët
Leontodon montanus Mountain Hawkbit Dhëmbëluan malor - -
Dhëmbëluan i
Leontodon tuberosus Tuberous Hawkbit - -
zhardhokët
Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Lulemargaritë - -
Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle Xhixhëll dashter - -
Onopordum illyricum Illyrian Thistle Xhixhëll e Ilirisë - -
Petasites albus White Butterbur Llapua e bardhë - -
Petasites doerfleri Doerfler Butterbur Llapua i Dërflerit - VU Endemic: Alps
Picnomon acarna Picnomon Piknomon akarnë - -
Pilosella hoppeana Eastern Mouse Ear Hawkweed Këmashën hopeanë - -
Pilosella officinarum Mouseear Hawkweed Këmashën mjeksor - -
Pilosella piloselloides Kingdevil Këmashën leshatak - -
Podospermum purpureum Purple Viper's Grass Skorzonerë e purpurt - -
Prenanthes purpurea Purple Lettuce Prenantë e purpurt - -
Pulicaria dysenterica Meadow False Fleabane Plenër dizanterike - -
Pulicaria odora Mediterranean Fleabane Plenër me aromë - -
Pulicaria vulgaris Small Fleabane Plenër e rëndomtë - -
Scolymus hispanicus Spanish Oyster Plant Dell i priftit - -
Scorzonera austriaca Austrian Viper's Grass Skorzonerë austriake - -
Scorzonera hispanica Black Salsify Skorzonerë e Spanjës - -
Senecio doronicum Chamois Ragwort Pulith doronike - -
Serratula tinctoria Dyer's Plumeless Saw-wort Serratulë ngjyruese - -
Silybum marianum Variegated Thistle Gjembgomari - -
Solidago virgaurea European Goldenrod Solidagë shufërartë - -
Sonchus arvensis Field Sowthistle Rrëshyell arash - -
Sonchus asper Spiny Leaved Sow Thistle Rrëshyell i ashpër - -
Sonchus oleraceus Sowthistle Rrëshyell perimesh - -
Luleshurdhë e
Taraxacum campylodes Swines Snout - -
zakonshme
Telekia speciosa Yellow Oxeye Telekie e bukur - -
Tragopogon pratensis Yellow Goatsbeard Lulebrigje e livadhit - -
Tussilago farfara Coughwort Thundërmushkë - -
Xanthium spinosum Spiny Cockleburr Rrodhe gjembake - -
Xanthium strumarium Canada Cockleburr Rrodhe lungash - -
Xeranthemum inapertum Xeranthemum Kserantemë e paçelur - -
Berberidaceae
Berberis vulgaris Sowberry Mylqinë - -
Epimedium alpinum Barrenwort Epimedë alpine - -
Betulaceae
Alnus glutinosa European Alder Verri i zi - -
Alnus incana Gray Alder Verri i bardhë - -
Betula pendula European White Birch Mështeknë - -
Carpinus betulus Ironwood Shkozë e bardhë - -
Carpinus orientalis Oriental Hornbeam Shkozë e zezë - -
Corylus avellana Common Hazel Lajthi - NT
Ostrya carpinifolia Hop Hornbeam Mëllezë - -
Boraginaceae
Anchusa arvensis Bugloss Gjuhëlopë arash - -
Anchusa undulata Undulate Alkanet Gjuhlope e valëzuar - -
188
Gjuhë kau.
Asperugo procumbens German-madwort - -
Buglossoides arvensis Corn Gromwell Buglosoide arash - -
Cerinthe glabra Smooth Honeywort Qirinthë e shogët - -
Cerinthe major Honeywort Qirinthë e madhe - -
Cerinthe minor Lesser Honeywort Qirinthë e vogël - -
Cynoglossum creticum Blue Hound's Tongue Gjuhëqen e Kretës - -
Gjuhëqen e
Cynoglossum germanicum Green Hound's Tongue - -
Gjermanisë
Cynoglossum officinale Common Hound's Tongue Gjuhëqen mjeksore - -
Echium italicum Pale Bugloss Ushqerëz e Italisë - -
Echium parviflorum Small Flowered Bugloss Ushqerëz lulevogël - -
Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane Ushqerëz si dejç - -
Echium vulgare Viper's Bugloss Gjuhënepërkë - -
Heliotropium europaeum Turnsol Dielldridhës i Europës - -
Lithospermum officinale European Stoneseed Kokërrujë mjekësore - -
Moltkia doerfleri Doerfler Moltkia Moltke e Derflerit - VU Endemic: Alps, Korabi

Myosotis arvensis Rough Forget Me Not Lulemizë arash - -
Myosotis discolor Yellow Forget Me Not Lulemizë çngjyruese - -
Lulemizë shumë e
Myosotis ramosissima Early Forget Me Not - -
degëzuar
Myosotis sylvatica Woodland Forget Me Not Lulemizë pyjesh - -
Onosma echioides Onosma Çikllë si ushqerrëz - -
Pulmonaria officinalis Common Lungwort Bar i mushkërisë - -
Kufilmë qepore
Symphytum bulbosum Bulbous Comfrey - -
Symphytum tuberosum Tuberous Comfrey Kufilmë zhardhokore - -
Brassicaceae
Etionemë
Aethionema saxatile Burnt Candytuft - -
shkëmbinjësh
Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Bar hudhre - -
Alyssum alyssoides Pale Madwort Sericë barpleshti - -
Alyssum markgrafii Markgraf’s Alison Sericë e Markgrafit - -
Alyssum montanum Mountain Alyssum Sericë malore - -
Arabis alpina Alpine rock-cress Arabëz alpin - -
Arabis collina Rosy Cress Arabëz kodrinor - -
Arabis glabra Tower Mustard Arabëz i shogët - -
Arabis hirsuta Hairy Rockcress Arabëz qimeashpër - -
Arabis scopoliana Scopoli's Rockcress Arabëz skopalian II/IV DD
Arabis turrita Tower Cress Arabëz kullë - -
Arabis verna Spring Rockcress Arabëz pranverore - -
Armoracia rusticana Horse Radish Kren - LC
Barbarea vulgaris Garden Yellowrocket Barbarea e rendomtë - LC
Biscutella didyma Mediterranean Biscutella Biskutelë binjake - -
Brassica nigra Black Mustard Lakër e zezë - LC
Bunias erucago Southern Warty Cabbage Brokër - -
Calepina irregularis White Ball Mustard Kalepinë e çrregullt - -
Camelina rumelica Graceful False Flax Kamelinë - LC
Camelina sativa Gold of Pleasure Kamelinë e kultivuar - DD
Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse Trasta e çobanit - -
Large flowers Shepherd's
Capsella grandiflora Shtrapër lulemadhe - -
Purse
Capsella rubella Pink Shepherd's Purse Shtrapër e kuqe - -
Cardamine enneaphyllos Drooping Bittercress Kardaminë - -
189
nëntëgjethesh
Cardamine flexuosa Wood Bitter Cress Kardaminë dredhake - -
Cardamine graeca Southern Bitter Cress Kardaminë e Greqisë - -
Cardamine impatiens Narrowleaf Bittercress Kardaminë - -
Kardaminë e
Cardamine plumieri Ivy Leaved Bitter Cress - -
Plumierit
Cardamine pratensis Lady's Smock Kardaminë livadhesh - LC
Kardaminë
Cardamine raphanifolia Greater Cuckooflower - -
gjetherapani
Cardaria draba Hoary cress Bosht i plakës - -
Clypeola jonthlaspi Disk Cress Klipeolë - -
Conringia orientalis Hare's Ear Mustard Konringë e Lindjes - -
Draba muralis Wall Whitlowgrass Drabë muresh - -
Erysimum odoratum Smelly Wallflower Erisimë e merme - -
Fibigia clypeata Fibigia Fibigë me mburojë - -
Hesperis cupaniana Cut Leaved Dame's Violet Hesperidë - -
Hesperidë
Hesperis matronalis Rocket - -
shkëmbore
Hornungia petraea Hutchinsia Hornungë gurësh - -
Iberis sempervirens Evergreen Candytuft Iberis breshke - -
Iberis umbellata Globe Candytuft Iberis ombrellore - -
Lepidium campestre Field Pepperwort Djegës fushash - LC
Lepidium graminifolium Tall Pepperwort Djegës gjethegrami - LC
Lepidium latifolium Dittander Djegës gjethegjerë - LC
Lepidium ruderale Narrow Leaved Pepperwort Djegës i gërmadhave - LC
Lepidium virginicum Medium Pepperweed Djegës i virgjër - -
Lunaria annua White Money Plant Barhënë njëvjeçare - -
Barhënë
Lunaria rediviva Perennial Honesty - -
shumëvjecare
Lunaria telekiana Telek’s Honesty Barhënë e Telekit - VU Endemic: Alps
Neslia paniculata Ball Mustard Neslie melthore - -
Peltare me erë
Peltaria alliacea Garlic cress - -
hudhre
Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish Rrapanidhe - LC
Rapistrum rugosum Bastard Cabbage Rrepicë e rrudhur - -
Sinapis alba Yellow Mustard Sinap i bardhë - LC
Cucubinë shumë e
Sisymbrium altissimum Tall Tumblemustard - -
lartë
Sisymbrium officinale Hedgemustard Cucubinë mjekësore - -
Sisymbrium orientale Indian Hedgemustard Cucubinë e lindjes - -
Cucubinë
Sisymbrium polyceratium Shortfruit Hedgemustard - -
shumëbrirëshe
Thlaspi alliaceum Garlic Pennycress Tlasp hudhror - -
Thlaspi arvense Field Pennycress Tlasp arash - -
Thlaspi mycrophyllum Small Leaved Penny-cress Tlasp gjethevogël - -
Thlaspi perfoliatum Perfoliate Pennycress Tlasp nëpërgjethës - -
Buxaceae
Buxus sempervirens English Boxwood Bush - -
Campanulaceae
Asineumë
Asyneuma comosiforme Comose Harebell - VU Endemic: Alps, Korabi
balukengjashme
Asineumë
Asyneuma limonifolium Harebell - -
gjethelimoni
Lulekambanë e
Campanula alpina Alpine Bellflower - -
Alpeve
Lulekambanë e
Campanula bononiensis Pale Bellflower - -
Bolonjës
Lulekambanë
Campanula glomerata Clustered Bellflower - -
lëmshukë
Lulekambanë
Campanula latifolia Large Bellflower - -
gjethegjerë
Campanula patula Spreading Bellflower Lulekambanë e hapur - -
190
Lulekambanë
Campanula persicifolia Peach Leaved Bellflower - -
gjethepjeshke
Lulekambanë si
Campanula rapunculoides Creeping Bellflower - -
fitemë
Legousia hybrida Venus Looking Glass Leguzie hibride - -
Fiteumë e
Phyteuma orbiculare Round Headed Rampion - -
rrumbullakët
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera alpigena Alpine Honeysuckle Bardhaqen - -
Lonicera etrusca Etruscan Honeysuckle Dorëzonjë etruske - -
Lonicera xylosteum Fly Honeysuckle Dorëzonjë drufortë - -
Dipsacaceae
Dipsacus fullonum Teazel Berunzë e butë - -
Dipsacus laciniatus Cut leaved Teasel Berunzë e rripëzuar - -
Knautia arvensis Field Scabiosa Knautë arash - -
Knautë
Knautia dipsacifolia Wood Scabious - -
gjetheberunzë
Skabiozë purport e
Scabiosa atropurpurea Mourningbride - -
errët
Scabiosa columbaria Yellow Scabious Skabiozë pëllumb - -
Skabiozë e
Scabiosa lucida Shining Scabious - -
shndritshme
Succisa pratensis Devil's Bit Scabious Suçizë livadhesh - -
Valerianaceae
Centranthus ruber Red Valerian Centrantë e kuqe - -
Valeriana montana Mountain Valerian Haraqinë malore - -
Valeriana officinalis Valerian Haraqinë mjeksore - -
Valerianella carinata Keeled Fruited Cornsalad Heraqinëz karenore - -
Heraqinëz e
Valerianella coronata Crown Cornsalad - -
kurorëzuar
Heraqinëz e
Valerianella dentata Narrow Fruited Cornsalad - -
dhëmbëzuar
Heraqinëz
Valerianella eriocarpa Hairy Fruited Cornsalad - -
frytleshtake
Valerianella locusta Lewiston Cornsalad Heraqinëz karkalece - -
Caryophyllaceae
Agrostemma githago Common Corncockle Kënkol - -
Arenaria biflora Two Flowered Sandwort Arenare dylulëshe - -
Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme Leaved Sandwort Arenare gjethe lisre - -
Cerastium alpinum Alpine Mouse Ear Cerast alpesh - -
Cerastium arvense Field Chickweed Cerast arash - -
Cerastium brachypetalum Grey Mouse Ear Cerast petaleshkurtër - -
Common Mouse Ear
Cerastium fontanum Cerast krojesh - -
Chickweed
Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Chickweed Cerast lëmshor - -
Cerastium grandiflorum Bering Chickweed Cerast lulemadh - VU
Cerastium pumilum Dwarf Mouse Ear Cerast xhuxh - -
Cerastium semidecandrum Little Mouse Ear Cerast i vogël - -
Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-Summer Cerast pushbutë - -
Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink Karafil skorleq - -
Dianthus carthusianorum Carthusian Pink Karafil Karthuzian - -
Dianthus deltoides Maiden Pink Karafil deltoid - -
Dianthus stribrnyi Stribrny Pink Karafil i Stribrnit - -
Dianthus sylvestris Wood Pink Karafil pyjor - -
Drypis spinosa Drypis Dripëz me gjemba - -
Herniaria glabra Glabrous Rupturewort Herniarie pa qime - -
Herniaria hirsuta Hairy Rupturewort Herniarie kreshtake - -
Herniaria incana Gray Rupturewort Herniarie e thinjur - -
Holosteum umbellatum Jagged Chickweed Holoste umbrellor - -
Lychnis coronaria Rose Campion Lulekrahoshi - -
Lychnis viscaria Red German Catchfly Lulenjicë veshtullore - -
Minuartia baldaccii Baldaci sandwort Minuartie e Baldaçit -
Minuartia bosniaca Bosnian sandwort Minuartje e Bosnjes - VU
191
Minuartia graminifolia Appenean Sandwort Minuartie gjethebari - VU

Minuartie
Minuartia recurva Recurved Sandwort - -
gjetheperkulur
Minuartie e
Minuartia velenovskyi Velenovsky Sandwort - VU
Velenovskit
Moehringia bavarica Narrow Leaved Sandwort Mëhringie e Bavarise - -
Moehringia ciliata Creeping Sandwort Mëhringie e qerpiktë - -
Moehringia muscosa Mossy Sandwort Mëhringie myshkore - -
Moehringia trinervia Three Veined Sandwort Mëhringie tridejese - -
Sagina apetala Annual Pearlwort Saginë pa petela - -
Sagina procumbens Birdeye Pearlwort Saginë e shtrirë - -
Saginë
Sagina saginoides Arctic Pearlwort - -
saginëngjashme
Sagina subulata Heath Pearlwort Saginë si fëndyell - -
Sapunqyqe
Saponaria bellidifolia Spoon Leaved Soapwort - -
gjethebukur
Saponaria officinalis Bouncingbet Lule sapuni - -
Scleranthus annuus Annual Knawel Sklerantë njëvjeçare - -
Sklerantë
Scleranthus perennis Perennial Knawel - -
shumëvjeçare
Silene armeria Sweet William Silene Klokëz skorleq - -
Silene gallica Windmill Pink Klokëz e Galisë - -
Silene italica Italian Catchfly Klokëz italiane - -
Silene macrantha Slender Catchfly Klokëz lulegjatë - -
Silene nutans Nottingham Catchfly Klokëz pluskuese - -
Silene otites Spanish Catchfly Klokëz veshtake - -
Silene tommasinii Tommasin Catchfly Klokëz e Tomazinit - -
Silene retzdorffiana Retzdorf Catchfly Klokëz e Retsderfit - -
Silene sendtneri Sendtner Catchfly Klokëz e Sendetnerit - NT
Spergula arvensis Corn Spurry Spergulë arash - -
Spergularia rubra Red Sandspurry Spergulare e kuqe - -
Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort Stelare gramore - -
Stellaria media Common Chickweed Stelare e ndërmjetme - -
Stellaria neglecta Greater Chickweed Stelare e papërfillur - -
Stellaria nemorum Wood Stitchwort Stelare pyjesh - -
Velezia rigida Velezia Velezie e paepshme - -
Celastraceae
Euonymus europaeus Spindle Tree Shikakuq - -
Herdhaqen
Euonymus latifolius Broad Leaved Spindle - -
gjethegjerë
Parnassiaceae
Parnassia palustris Marsh Grass of Parnassus Parnasë moçalesh - -
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album Lambsquarters Minuer i bardhë - -
Chenopodium ambrosioides Wormseed Minuer si ambrozie - -
Chenopodium botrys Sticky Goosefoot Minuer ngjitës - -
Chenopodium glaucum Oak Leaved Goosefoot Minuer i rimtë - -
Chenopodium hybridum Sowbane Minuer hibrid - -
Chenopodium murale Nettle Leaved Goosefoot Minuer muresh - -
Minuer gjthe top
Chenopodium opulifolium Grey Goosefoot - -
bore
Chenopodium polyspermum Many Seeded Goosefoot Minuer shumëfaror - -
Chenopodium urbicum Upright Goosefoot Minuer i drejtë - -
Cistaceae
Heliantemë e
Helianthemum apenninum White Rock Rose - -
Apenineve
Helianthemum canum Hoary Rock Rose Heliantemë thinjoshe - -
Tuberaria guttata Spotted Rockrose Tuberarie me pika - -
Colchicaceae
Colchicum autumnale Naked Lady Xhërrokull vjeshtore - -
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus arvensis Withywind Dredhje arash - -
Cuscuta approximata Alfalfa Dodder Rroth i përafët - -
192
Cuscuta campestris Yellow Dodder Rroth fusharak - -

Cuscuta epithymum Dodder Rroth mbilisër - -
Cuscuta europaea Greater Dodder Grethatel - -
Cornaceae
Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry Thanë - -
Cornus sanguinea Dogwood Thanukla - -
Crassulaceae
Hylotelephium telephium Witch's Moneybags Rrushqyqe e Telefit - -
-
Pistorinia hispanica Spanish Stonecrop Rrushqyqe e Spanjës -
Sedum acre Wall Pepper Rrushqyqe e adhët - -
Sedum album White Stonecrop Rrushqyqe e bardhë - -
Sedum annuum Annual Stonecrop Rrushqyqe njëvjeçare - -
Sedum atratum Dark Stonecrop Rrushqyqe e nxirë - -
Sedum cepaea Pink Stonecrop Rrushqyqe si qepë - -
Rrushqyqe
Sedum dasyphyllum Thick Leaved Stonecrop - -
gjethedendura
Sedum rubens Red Stonecrop Rrushqyqe kuqalashe - -
Rrushqyqe e
Sedum serpentini Stonecrop - -
serpentinit
Rrushqyqe
Sedum sexangulare Tasteless Stonecrop - -
gjashtëqoshëze
Cupressaceae
Juniperus communis Common Juniper Dëllinjë e zezë - -
Foetid Juniper or Stinking
Juniperus foetidissima Bërshen - -
Juniper
Juniperus oxycedrus Sharp Cedar Dëllinjë e kuqe - -
Juniperus sabina Savin Jermësinë - -
Cyperaceae
Blysmus compressus Flat Sedge Blismë e rrasur - -
Carex acuta Lesser Pond Sedge Presje e mprehtë - LC
Carex divulsa Grey Sedge Presje e shkëputur - -
Carex hirta Hairy Sedge Presje leshtake - -
Carex humilis Dwarf Sedge Presje e shkurtër - -
Carex ornithopoda Birds Foot Sedge Presje këmbëzogu - -
Carex pallescens Pale Sedge Presje e zbehtë - -
Carex panicea Grass Like Sedge Presje me melth - -
Presje
Carex paniculata Greater Tussock Sedge - LC
melthngjashme
Carex pseudocyperus Cypresslike Sedge Presje zubërremë - LC
Carex remota Remote Sedge Presje kallilarguar - -
Carex sylvatica Wood Sedge Presje - -
Truskë e
Cyperus flavescens Yellow Galingale - -
verdhërreme
Ericaceae
Vaccinium myrtillus Common Bilberry Boronicë - -
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia heldreichii Heldreichi Spurge Rriell i Heldreihit - -
Fabacee
Astragalus fialea milk-vetch Arithe e Fiales - -
Oxytropis purpurea Purple locoweed Oksitropë e purpurt - -
Oxytropis prenja Prenj locoweed Oksitropë e Prrenjës - -
Petteria ramentacea Dalmatian Laburnum Grill i degëzuar - -
Trifolium aurantiacum Orange Colour’s Clover Trifil ngjyrë portokalli - -
Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil Trifil fushash - -
Trifolium pilczii Pilczy Clover Trifil i Pilcit - -
Fagaceae
Quercus frainetto Hungarian oak Shparth - -
Quercus pubescens Downy Oak Bungëbutë - -
Quercus trojana Macedonian Oak Bulgër - -
Quercus petraea Sessile oak Bungë - -
Quercus cerris Turkey oak Qarr - -
193
Fagus sylvatica European Beech Ah - -

Castanea sativa Chestnuts Gështenjë - -
Gentianaceae
Gentiana lutea Great Yellow Gentian Gencianë - -
Gencianë
Gentiana pneumonanthe Marsh Gentian - EN
pneumonante
Geraniacee
Erodium guicciardii Guicciardi Stork's-bill Erodë e Giçardit - -
Kamaroshe e
Geranium dalmaticum Dalmatian Cranesbill - -
Dallmacisë
Lamiaceae or Labiatae
Origanum vulgare Oregano Rigon - -
Thymus serpyllum Breckland thyme Lisër si pulegë - -
Linaceae
Linum spathulatum Spathulate Flax Lin pallak - -
Oleaceae
Fraxinus ornus Manna Ash Frashër gjethegjerë - -
Fraxinus excelsior Common Ash Frashër i zi - -
Pinaceae
Pinus nigra Black Pine Pishë e zezë - -
Poaceae
Festuca sp. Fescue Bishtpelëz - LC
Nardus stricta Matgrass Xhufkë e drejtë
Polygonaceae
Polygonum albanicum Albanian Knotgrass Nejcë shqiptare - CR Endemic: Alps , Korabi
Polygalaceae
Endemic: Alps, Kolsh
Polygala doerfleri Doerfler’s Milkwort Poligalë e Dërflerit - VU
Kukës
Ranunculaceae
Shpendër
Helleborus multifidus Multi-tapping Hellebores - -
shumëçarëse
Ranunculus croaticum Croatian Ranunculus Zhabinë kroate - -
Ranunculus hayekii Hayek’s Ranunculus Zhabinë e Hajekut - -
Ranunculus scutatus shield-leaved Ranunculus Zhabinë shqytake - -
Aquilegia dinarica Dinarican columbine Kanilqyqe dinarike - -
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus intermedius Intermediate Buckthorn Pjerzë e ndërmjetme - -
Rosaceae
Alchemilla albanica Albanian Lady’s mantle Alkemilë shqiptare - - Endemic: Alps
Crataegus heldreichii Heldreichi Thornapple Murriz i Hedreihit - -
Potentilla erecta Common Tormentil Potentillë e ngritur - -
Potentilla visianii Visiani’s Cinquefoil Potentillë e Visianit - -
Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Kulumbri - LC
Rosa canina Dog Rose Trëndafil qeni - -
Rutaceae
Haplophyllum boissieranum Boissier Haplophyl Haplofil i Buasierit - -
Sapindaceae
Acer opalus Italian Maple Panjë Italiane - -
Urticaceae
Urtica dioica Common nettle Hithër - LC
Violaceae
Viola ducadjinica Manushaqe e Endemic: Alps, Korabi,
Ducadjin Violet - -
Dukagjinit Pogradec
Viola elegantula Manushaqe pak
Less elegant Violet - -
elegante
Viola speciosa Pretty Violet Manushaqe e bukur - -
Viola beckiana Beck’s Violet Manushaqe e Bekut - -
Viola kosaninii Manushaqe e
Kosanin Violet - - Endemic: Alps
Koshaninit
194
Figures, Graphics Tables and Maps
Map 1: Administrative borders of Thethi National Park, Valbona Valley National Park, Gashi
River Strict Nature Reserve, and of the planned Albanian Alps National Park
Map 2: Habitats present in Thethi and Valbona Valley National Parks, and Gashi River Strict
Nature Reserve
Map 3: Communal and state owned land in Thethi and Valbona National Parks and Gashi River
natural reserve
Map 4: Habitat map of Albanian Alps area according Natura 2000
Map 5: Activity Map - Albanian Alps
Map 6: Proposed Zoning - Albanian Alps
Table 1: Use of territory in the protected areas and planned Albanian Alps National Park
Table 2: Stakeholder analyses for the Albanian Alps
Table 3: Air temperature distribution at Thethi
Table 4: Average monthly flow at River Thethi
Table 5: Average monthly water flow at Valbona River
Table 6: Average monthly water flow at Gashi River
Table 7: Forest & pasture lands transferred to Communes within the Albanian Alps area
Table 8: Land ownership in Thethi National and Valbona National Parks, Gashi River Srict Reserve
and Planned area Albanian Alps National Park
Table 9: Prohibited and allowed activities within the National Parks of Thethi and Valbona Valley
Table 10: Prohibited and allowed activities within the Strict Nature Reserve of Gashi River
Table 11: Habitat types in Albanian Alps area according Natura 2000 classification
Table 12: SWOT analysis for Albanian Alps area
Table 13: Proposal for the zoning of both Valbona and Thethi National Parks and the Gashi Strict
Nature Reserve
Table 14: Proposal for planned Albanian Alps National Park Zoning (ha)
Table 15: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Thethi National Park
Table 16: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Valbona Valley National Park
Table 17: Main features of proposed zoning in the area of Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Table 18: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Thethi National Park Area
Table 19: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Valbona Valley National Park Area
Table 20: Budget according to programs and fiscal years for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve
Table 21: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Thethi NP Management Plan
Table 22: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Valbona NP Management Plan
Table 23: Management Effectiveness Tracking Sheet for Gashi PA Management Plan
Figure 1: Composition of Management Committees

Figure 2: Participatory monitoring and evaluation process (adapted from Hockings et al. 2006)
195
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Albanian Alps Management Plan

Technical Report · August 2014

EU funded Project - SELEA Project: View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Technical Assistance for Strengthening the Capacity of

Activity A.3: Preparation of Strategy and Plans - Protected Areas

Thethi & Valbona Valley National Parks, and

This project is funded by

The European Union

ABC Activity Based Costing

The MP has been elaborated based on the following principles:

Baseline description of the area

Development of vision, objectives and management principles

Elaboration of action plan, monitoring and supervision

Identification of financial needs

Structure of the Plan

Who is the Plan for?

Purpose of the Plan

Duration of the plan

Protected areas description

National Park of Thethi

Agriculture and livestock

National Park of Valbona Valley

Agriculture and livestock

Strict natural reserve of Gashi River

Agriculture and livestock

Strengthen the protected area management system

Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation

Develop the recreational and touristic uses

Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities

Promote scientific research and education

Strengthen the protected area management system

Increase habitats and biodiversity protection and conservation

Develop the recreational and touristic uses

Develop sustainable agriculture and socio-economic activities

Promote scientific research and education

Short term objectives for Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve

Strengthen the protected area management system

Promote scientific research and education

Monitoring and evaluation of management

PART 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS AREA

1.1 Area Description

1.1.1 Description of Protected Areas in the Albanian Alps

National Park of Thethi

National Park of Valbona Valley

Strict natural reserve of Gashi River

Thethi National Park

Valbona Valley National Park

Gashi River Strict Nature Reserve

1.2 Legislation Framework

National Park of Thethi

National Park of Valbona Valley

Strict natural reserve of Gashi River

Table 2: Stakeholder analyses for the Albanian Alps

1.2.3 Description of Alps ecological system

National Park of Thethi

Table 3: Air temperature distribution at Thethi

National Park of Valbona Valley

Strict natural reserve of Gashi River

Geology & Geomorphology

National Park of Thethi

T3 - Upper Triassic: Limestones with megalodontes, stromatolitic limestones, dolomites.

National Park of Valbona Valley