The representation of teenage

slang in the TV-series Skins

Jesús Egea Montero

Abstract

The aim of this paper is double. First, to analyse how prominent is slang in

current British teenage discourse. Secondly, the analysis and discussion of data to

determine which patterns define British teenage slang. The TV-series Skins will

represent the fictional dialogue from where the data will be collected. The aspect

of slang as a social tool will also be discussed. An appendix will be included with

all the teenage slang terms found and studied during the research.

Thematic key words

teenage slang, social tool, identity

Total number of words

4179
INDEX

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………..3

2. Bibliographic review……………...……………………….……………4

3. The representation of teenage slang in Skins…………………………5

4. Conclusions..……………………………………………………..…….14

5. Appendix………………………………………………………..……...15

6. References……………………………………………………..………..29

2
 1. Introduction

Teenagers are the biggest users of slang. As Rodríguez González (201) observes, “of

all social groups, the young are the most prone to the use and renovation of slang and

unconventional language”. The use of slang is a dominant social tool in order to be

able to fit in a group, and it is used to deal with topics of signification for that group.

Each generation of teens has their own new language, unique slang terms and catch

phrases. As a consequence, to study the language of teenagers is of major interest for

its importance in the renovation of the language. “Teenagers are frequently

responsible for linguistic innovations and changes, some of which are incorporated

into the general structure of the language over time” highlights Palacios Martinez

(106).

For the purpose of studying British teenage slang, the TV-series Skins (2008-2013) will

represent the fictional dialogue from where the data will be collected. The series

revolves a group of teenagers in Bristol, South West England, and how they face

adolescence. The storylines include issues such as sexuality, drug abuse, bullying,

eating disorders or dealing with death. Skins was acclaimed for its naturalistic

representation of teenager lives, with special emphasis on the realistic language the

characters use; this factor was capital regarding the selection of this TV-series as the

matter of study.

The goal intended with the elaboration of this paper is double. The first objective is to

analyse how prominent is slang in current British teenage speech. The second aim will

be the analysis and discussion of this data to determine which patterns define British

teenage slang, and how it is represented in the TV-series. This paper will put stronger

attention in analysing the topics in which teenage slang is more prominent for

describing how their own language can represent British teenagers.

3
Due to the considerable amount of episodes which form the TV-series Skins, this

research paper is based only on the first and second seasons. Data was collected from

nineteen different episodes (1x01, 1x02, 1x03, 1x04, 1x05, 1x06, 1x07, 1x08, 1x09, 2x01,

2x02, 2x03, 2x04, 2x05, 2x06, 2x07, 2x08, 2x09 and 2x10) and all the slang terms were

recorded. The collection of data only took into account youth speech, therefore the use

of slang by adult characters in the TV-series was omitted. At the end of the paper, an

appendix will be included with all the slang terms studied in this research organized

alphabetically, accompanied with its meaning and examples from the series.

2. Bibliographic review

In order to situate the topic, a review on slang was made with the aim of giving a

proper description of the term and to study how important it is within social groups,

particularly within teenagers. On the one hand, Leech and Svartvik (34) describe it as

“language which is very familiar in style, and is usually restricted to the members of a

particular social group, for example teenage slang”. On the other hand, Eble (11) defines

slang as “an ever changing set of colloquial words and phrases that speakers use to

establish or reinforce social identity or cohesiveness within a group or with a trend or

fashion in society at large”. As we can see, both authors re-mark the importance of

slang within a particular social group and the necessity of comprehending it properly

to be fully integrated. Adams (6) agrees with this description, defining slang as “being

dependent on social needs and used in order to fit in and stand out”. Mattiello (214)

continues with this vision and argues that “slang expressions are in fact deliberately

used by speakers to show their affiliation to a group”. Slang is a term of difficult

definition, there is no a universally accepted label, but its description as a social tool

seems to be common in each one of the works consulted. As a consequence, we can

4
consider that our goal is fulfilled and that the great importance of slang within social

groups is proved.

In regards to the compilation and analysis of data, the main source of information for

this paper was the DVD collection of season one and two of Skins, which include close-

caption transcripts. Besides the series, The Oxford Dictionary of Slang by John Ayto and

The Official Dictionary of Unofficial English by Grant Barrett were used as fundamental

consulting material in the process of understanding and collecting all the slang terms.

In addition, An Introduction to English Slang: A Description of Its Morphology by Elisa

Mattiello was very significant in the work of writing this paper. It provided substantial

information regarding defining slang, a description of its influenza within groups and

an analysis of its most important patterns.

3. The representation of teenage slang in Skins

As it was explained before, the first two seasons of the TV-series Skins were chosen to

serve as a fictional sample of teenage dialogue. Nineteen episodes were analysed and

all the slang terms were collected and described. The slang terms studied will be

compiled in the appendix.

After the study of the first three episodes of the series, fifty-three different slang terms

were recorded. Each term was only taken into account once; if a slang term from one

episode appeared in a subsequent episode, it was omitted. The terms studied in the

first three episodes are compiled in the following tables, with its equivalent in standard

language:

5
 SKINS 1X01

SLANG TERM STANDARD DEFINITION

Bastard noun Contemptible person

Blast noun Good time

Braindead noun Unintelligent person

Bummer interjection Expressing anger

Cock noun Penis

Cool interjection Great

Crap noun Unwanted item

Dick noun Penis

Dickhead noun Unintelligent person

Dozy adjective Unintelligent

Dunno verb Don’t know

To fancy somebody verb To be sexually attracted to somebody

To fuck verb To have sex

Fuck interjection Expressing anger

Fucker noun Contemptible person

Fuck off interjection Expressing anger

Fucking adjective Intensifier

To get laid verb To have sex

To get the fuck out verb To leave

To pop somebody’s cherry verb To lose virginity

Pussy noun Coward

(In the) sack phrase Having sex

Safe interjection Excellent

To shag verb To have sex with somebody

6
Shit interjection Expressing anger

Spliff noun Marihuana

Spliffed up adjective On drugs

Squiffy adjective Drunk

Tosser noun Contemptible person

Turd noun Contemptible person

Twat noun Unintelligent person

Wanker noun Contemptible man

Weed noun Marihuana

Wicked noun Extremely good

Yo interjection Greeting or attracting attention

SKINS 1X02

SLANG TERM STANDARD DEFINITION

Bollocks noun Testicles

Boob noun Woman’s breast

Bugger interjection Expressing anger

To chill (out) verb To relax

Chilled adjective Relaxed

Dealer noun Drug trader

Neat interjection Excellent

To piss verb To urinate

Skunk noun Marihuana

Wank noun Masturbation

What’s up? phrase What is happening?

To wizz verb To urinate

7
 SKINS 1X03

SLANG TERM STANDARD DEFINITION

(For) fuck’s sake interjection Expressing anger, hatred and/or

surprise

To hang out verb To spend time with somebody

To hump verb To have sex

Mental adjective Crazy

Quid noun Pound sterling

Shaggable adjective Sexually inviting

As it can be seen in the tables above, thirty-five slang terms were recorded from the

first episode, twelve from the second and six from the third. It is important to re-mark

that the terms presented in the tables were repeated constantly during the three

episodes.

One of the goals of this paper is to discover how prominent slang is within current

British teenagers. If we evaluate the results from this first three episodes and consider

them as a model of the entire series, we can conclude that the use of slang within

teenagers is of great importance. To prove that the amount of terms found in the first

three episodes is not an exceptional case and to have more conclusive results, the

complete terms recorded in episodes four and five will be presented in the following

tables:

Skins 1x04

SLANG TERM STANDARD DEFINITION

Babe noun Girl (term of affection)

8
 Dickhead noun Unintelligent man

Grand noun A thousand pounds

Knob noun Penis

Nut noun Crazy person

To puke verb To vomit

Smacker noun Pound sterling note

Skins 1x05

SLANG TERM STANDARD DEFINITION

Arsehole noun Contemptible person

Bullshit noun Nonsense

Cocksucking adjective Contemptible person

To freak somebody out verb To disturb

(For) fuck’s sake interjection Expressing anger

(What the) fuck phrase Expressing disbelief and/or anger

To give somebody one verb To have sex

(What the) hell phrase Expressing disbelief and/or anger

Horny adjective Sexually aroused

Piss off interjection Go away

Spastic noun Unintelligent person

Stoned adjective On drugs

Through this tables it can be seen how another nineteen slang terms were found, seven

in episode four and twelve in episode five. As well as it happened with the analysis of

the first three episodes, we can conclude that the number of slang terms recorded in

episodes four and five is remarkable.

9
The entire list of terms studied will be available in the appendix, but we can sum up it

by giving the number of one hundred and four slang terms recorded in the analysis of

the entire two seasons. Taking into account that each term was only registered the first

time that it appeared, and the fact that they were constantly repeated through the

whole series, we can reaffirm that slang use has a great prominence within British

teenagers.

Once that the first goal of this paper has been solved, we are now focusing our analysis

in the second one: the analysis and discussion of this data to determine which patterns

define British teenage slang, and how it is represented in this TV-series.

It can be noticed that slang is mostly centred in a few semantic fields, listed by Jay (175)

as “name-calling, gender-related insults, sexuality and discrimination”. Regarding the

data compiled for this paper, four semantic fields stand out from the rest: insulting

terms, with nineteen different slang entries; sexual slang, with sixteen entries; drug

slang, with nine entries; and body parts, with eight. The body parts slang entries could

be included within sexual slang due to the context in which sometimes they are used,

but this possibility was declined in the conduction of this paper in order to give a more

general meaning of the words. In the following tables, all the slang terms related to

sexuality, drugs, body parts and insulting terms will be registered:

Sexual slang

To come verb To have an orgasm

To fancy somebody verb To be sexually attracted to somebody

To finger somebody verb To masturbate a woman

To fuck verb To have sex

To get laid verb To have sex

To give somebody head verb Oral sex

10
To give somebody one verb To have sex

To go down on somebody verb Oral sex

Horny adjective Sexually aroused

To hump verb To have sex

To pop somebody’s cherry verb To lose virginity

(In the) sack phrase Having sex

To screw verb To have sex

To shag verb To have sex

Shaggable adjective Sexually inviting

Wank noun Masturbation

Drug slang

Class A noun Top drug

Dealer noun Drug trader

Skunk noun Marihuana

Spliff noun Marihuana

Spliffed up adjective On drugs

Squiffy adjective Drunk

Stoned adjective On drugs

Wasted adjective Drunk

Weed noun Marihuana

Body parts slang

Balls noun Testicles

Bollocks noun Testicles

Boob noun Woman’s breast

11
Cock noun Penis

Dick noun Penis

Knob noun Penis

Tit noun Woman’s breast

Willy noun Penis

Slang terms used as insults

Arsehole noun Contemptible person

Bastard noun Contemptible person

Braindead noun Contemptible person

Cocksucking adjective Contemptible person

Crap noun Unwanted item

Creep noun Repellent person

Cretin noun Unintelligent person

Dickhead noun Unintelligent person

Dozzy adjective Unintelligent

Fucker noun Contemptible person

Homo noun Gay man (when used as an insult)

Motherfucker noun Contemptible person

Nut, nutter noun Crazy person

Pussy noun Coward

Spastic noun Unintelligent person

Tosser noun Contemptible person

Turd noun Contemptible person

Twat noun Unintelligent person

Wanker noun Contemptible man

12
As it has been said before, slang is a social tool to speak with co-members within

groups about certain subjects of common interest. Consequently, if a certain group

uses slang terms to talk about certain matter, this will mean that they are interested in

that matter. Observing the semantic fields that we have just covered, we can deduce

that, by their use of slang, British teenagers are very interested in sex and certain drugs.

To conclude with this analysis, during the compilation of the data it was observed the

big amount of slang terms used as interjections. In the following table, all the slang

terms used as interjections will be registered:

Slang terms used as interjections

Bugger Expressing anger

Bummer Expressing disappointment

Fuck Expressing anger, annoyance and/or

surprise

Fuck it Expressing anger and/or displeasure

Fuck off Expressing anger or hatred

(For) fuck’s sake Expressing anger, hatred and/or

surprise

Geddit Do you get the joke?

Innit Isn’t it?

Jezz Jesus Christ! (expressing anger, surprise

and/or alarm)

Neat Excellent

Piss off Go away

Safe Excellent

Shit Expressing anger and/or annoyance

Yo Greeting or attracting attention

13
4. Conclusions

After conducting this analysis on teenage slang, I believe it can be said that the

objectives have been satisfied. First of all, the results have proved the prominence

of slang within British teenagers. More than one hundred words were studied

during the elaboration of this paper, and they were continuously repeated during

the entire series, proving how predominant slang is in teenage discourse. In

addition, we have analysed the data in order to describe the patterns of British

teenage slang, and we have noticed how predominant drug and sexual slang terms

are in British teenage discourse. We also made a comment describing how the use

of slang by the speaker can show us the speaker’s personality.

As a secondary aim, through the elaboration and discussion of the bibliography, the

importance of slang within social groups was proved. Several definitions of

important linguistics were presented, and all of them included the social factor

regarding slang. We cannot separate slang from its social function.

In my personal opinion to study teenager slang is a great opportunity to discover

and enjoy the English language. As it is said in the text, knowing the slang that a

person uses is, in a certain way, a great opportunity to get to know the speaker

too.

14
 5. Appendix: teenage slang terms studied

In this appendix all the teenage slang terms found in the analysis of the first and second

season of the British TV-series Skins are presented. Each term is registered with its

word type, a standard definition and an example extracted from the series, including

the character using the term and the chapter in which it is used.

A Balls noun

Testicles
Arsehole noun
 I've seen your balls so many
Contemptible person
times I've lost count. (Cassie,
 How could you fucking not 2x09)
know, you arsehole? (Michelle,

1x05)
Bastard noun

B Contemptible person

 You fucking bastards! (Jal, 1x03)

Babe noun

Bint noun
Girl (term of affection)

Woman
 Our money, babe! Our money!

Yes! (Anwar, 1x04)  Come help me save some

random bint. (Sid, 1x06)

15
  No, I don't watch television, you

braindeads. (Chris, 1x01)

Blast noun

Good time
Bugger interjection
 What a blast! Cool! (Anwar,
Expressing anger
1x01)

 Look up if you like me. Oh,

bugger! (Cassie, 1x02)

Bloody adjective

Expressing anger
Bullshit noun
 It doesn't bloody wash off!
Nonsense
(Anwar, 1x06)

 That's some really good

bullshit (Sid, 1x05)

Bollocks noun

Testicles
Bummer interjection
 He's gonna cut my fucking
Expressing disappointment
bollocks off! (Sid, 1x02)

 - You can’t smoke anything in

the house.
Boob noun
- Bummer. (Tony, 1x01)
Woman’s breast

 Sorry I saw your boobs. (Sid,

1x02)

Braindead noun

Unintelligent person

16
  We have plans, remember?

C Concerning your cock. (Tony,

1x01)

To chill (out) verb

Cocksucking adjective
To relax

Contemptible person
 Chill out, Sid. (Tony, 1x02)

 You fucking cocksucking spastic

horse-fucker! (Abigail, 1x05)

Chilled adjective

Relaxed
To come verb
 - Why are you so chilled?
To have an orgasm
- I'm confident and relaxed with

my ability to improvise. (Sid,  You made me come. (Michelle,

1x02) 2x04)

Class A noun Cool adjective

Top drugs Great, stylish

 Of course Allah wants you  My friends think you’re really

doing Class As from Sid's arse! cool. (Abigail, 1x01)

(Maxxie, 1x06)

Cool interjection

Cock noun
Great

Penis
 - I don't feel sick now.

- Cool! (Sid, 1x01)

17
Crap noun Dick noun

Unwanted item Penis

 I'm crap in the mornings. (Sid,  How big his dick is? (Chris,

1x01) 1x01)

Creep noun Dickhead noun

Repellent person Unintelligent man

 That creep! Fucking animal!  So I told him, right, that he was

(Michelle, 2x02) a dickhead. (Chris, 1x04)

Cretin noun Dozzy adjective

Unintelligent person Unintelligent

 Mum left you because you're a  Jesus, dozy fuckers (Tony, 1x01)

total, world championship

cretin. (Sid, 2x03)

To dump somebody verb

To end a relationship

D  I dumped Tony. He went down

on a boy. (Michelle, 1x07)

Dealer noun
Dunno verb
Drug trader
Don’t know
 That fucking dealer found us.

(Sid, 1x02)  I dunno, Tone. (Sid, 1x01)

18
 F To fuck verb

To have sex
To fancy somebody verb
 Who's stupid enough to fuck
To be sexually attracted to somebody
Sid? (Tony, 1x01)

 You fancy me? Sure, but you

really love Michelle. (Cassie,

1x01)
Fucker noun

Contemptible person

To finger somebody verb  Jesus, dozy fuckers. (Tony,

1x01)
To masturbate a woman

 Did I tell you about Davey

trying to finger me? (Julie, 1x08)

Fucking adjective

Intensifier

To freak somebody out verb  I’m trying to fucking practice!

(Jal, 1x01)
To disturb

 You fucking freak me out

sometimes. (Sid, 1x05) Fuck it interjection

Expressing anger and/ or displeasure

Fuck interjection  - Who says?

- Everyone.
Expressing anger, annoyance and/or
- Oh, fuck it. (Sid, 1x01)
surprise

• Fuck! Oh, shit! (Sid, 1x01)

19
Fuck off interjection  Watch out or they'll take your

tits into care. You geddit?

Expressing anger or hatred
(Anwar, 2x01)
 - No exercise, rubbish food and

too much caffeine.

To get laid verb
- Fuck off! (Sid, 1x01)

To have sex

(For) fuck’s sake interjection  Sid's almost 17. He's gotta get

laid before his birthday. (Tony,

Expressing anger, hatred and/or
1x01)
surprise.

 For fuck's sake! (Jal, 1x03)

To get the fuck out verb

To leave
(What the) fuck? phrase
 Right, let's get the fuck out of
Expressing disbelief and/or anger
here. (Chris, 1x01)
 What the fuck? What the hell is

going on? (Michelle, 1x05)

To give somebody head verb

Oral sex

 Shall I give you head? (Tony,

G 1x06)

To give somebody one verb

Geddit interjection
To have sex

Do you get the joke?

 Go on, give her one. (Maxxie,

1x05)

20
To go down on somebody verb (What the) hell? phrase

Oral sex Expressing confusion, surprise and/or

anger
 I dumped Tony. He went down

on a boy. (Michelle, 1x07)  What the fuck? What the hell is

going on? (Michelle, 1x05)

Grand noun

Homo noun
A thousand pounds

Gay man
 I think she’s a fucking nut

leaving a grand on her  Fuck off, homo. (Anwar, 1x06)

sideboard. (Tony, 1x04)

Horny adjective

Gross adjective
Sexually aroused

Disgusting
 You look all horny. (Cassie,

 You’re so gross! You’re 1x05)

disgusting! (Jal, 2x04)

To hump verb

H To have sex

 I wanna hump you silly. (Tony,

1x03)
To hang out verb

To spend time with somebody

 Is that all you do, Sid? Hang out

with Tony? (Jal, 1x03)

21
 Knob noun
I Penis

 My knob’s gone down. (Chris,

Innit interjection
1x04)

Isn’t it

 It's the vibrations, innit?

(Anwar, 1x06) M
Mega adjective
J Excellent

 Top notch! Mega! (Anwar, 2x09)

Jeez interjection

Jesus Christ! (expressing anger,

Mental adjective
surprise and/or alarm)
Crazy
 - Urgh, not up his arse? Christ.

- Jeez. (Michelle, 1x06)  That was mental, what you

did tonight. (Chris, 2x05)

K Motherfucker interjection

Contemptible person

Kinda adverb
 I win, motherfucker! (Cassie,

Kind of 2x08)

 Close your eyes and just kinda

dance it. (Maxxie, 2x01)

22
  My pad’s this way. (Chris, 2x08)

N
To piss verb

Neat interjection
To urinate

Excellent
 It looks like you pissed yourself.

 - 880 grams each. (Cassie, 1x02)

- Neat! (Cassie, 1x02)

Piss off interjection

Nut noun
Go away
Crazy person
 - All right, darling? Had a bad
 I think she’s a fucking nut night?
leaving a grand on her - Piss off! (Michelle, 1x05)
sideboard. (Tony, 1x04)

To pop somebody’s cherry verb

Nutter noun
To lose virginity
Crazy person
 He’s got to pop his cherry and
 He’s got nice wheels, though…
I’ve nominated you (Tony, 1x01)
for a nutter. (Jal, 1x08)

Posh adjective

P Associated with the upper class

 I'm at some posh wanker night

Pad noun club. (Tony, 1x08)

Apartment

23
To puke verb  Cassie’s great in the sack.

(Michelle, 1x01)
To vomit

 Someone puked on me! (Sid,

Safe interjection
1x04)

Excellent

Pussy noun  - I think she likes you, Chris.

- Safe! (Chris, 1x01)

Coward

 You are such a bunch of

To screw verb
pussies. (Chris, 1x01)

To have sex

 Did he screw someone again?

Q (Jal, 1x07)

Quid noun To shag verb

Pound sterling To have sex with somebody

 - How much?  There’s gonna be lots of hot

- Fourteen quid. (Jal, 1x03) women desperate because

there’s nobody to shag. (Anwar,

1x01)

S Shaggable adjective

(In the) sack phrase Sexually inviting

 You play clarinet and I look

Having sex
shaggable. (Michelle, 1x03)

24
Shit interjection Skunk noun

Expressing anger, annoyance and/or Marihuana

surprise.
 Three ounces of prime

 Fuck! Oh, shit! (Sid, 1x01) hydroponic skunk. (Sid, 1x02)

Shithead noun Smacker noun

Contemptible person Pound sterling note

 Your friends are shitheads! (Sid,  - How much is there?

1x06) - One thousand smackers.

(Tony, 1x04)

Skinny dipping noun

Swimming naked Spastic noun

 Skinny dipping? Yeah! Come on Unintelligent person

there's only us here. (Chris,

 You fucking cocksucking spastic
2x04)
horse-fucker! (Abigail, 1x05)

Skint adjective
Spliff noun

Having no money
Marihuana

 - What do you think about

 I’ve got to get an ounce of spliff?
camping?
(Sid, 1x01)
- Thing is, you know, skint. (Sid,

2x04)

25
Spliffed up adjective Tenner noun

On drugs Ten pound sterling note

 We get a girl catastrophically  Here’s a tenner. (Josh, 1x07)

spliffed up. (Tony, 1x01)

Tit noun

Squiffy adjective
Woman’s breast

Drunk
 I don’t care about your tits. (Sid,

 Would like a little something? 2x02)

You know, get a bit squiffy.

(Tony, 1x01)
Tosser noun

Contemptible person
Stoned adjective
 You know what I'm saying, you
On drugs
tosser. (Chris, 1x01)

 Fuck that. Why don’t you get

stoned instead? (Maxxie, 1x05)

Turd noun

Contemptible person

T  You’re a lazy turd. (Tony, 1x01)

Tart noun Twat noun

Prostitute Unintelligent person

 Come here, you curly-haired  Wake up, Sid, you twat! (Tony,

tart! (Abigail, 1x07) 1x01)

26
 What’s up? phrase
W What is happening?

 - Hi
Wank noun
- Hello kid! What’s up?

Masturbation (Anwar, 1x02)

 I've been home, showered, had

a wank, put new clothes on and Wheels noun

here I am. (Tony, 1x02)
Car

 He’s got nice wheels,

Wanker noun
though… for a nutter. (Jal,

Contemptible man 1x08)

 I’m not there, you wankers.

(Chris, 1x01) Wicked adjective

Extremely good
Wasted adjective
 This is so, so wicked. Such cool

Drunk food. (Cassie, 1x01)

 She’s completely wasted. (Tony,

1x06) Willy noun

Penis
Weed noun
 My willy’s gone wonky. (Tony,

Marihuana 2x04)

 Look, I’ve got all this fucking

weed. (Sid, 1x01)

27
To wizz verb

To urinate

 I wanna wizz! Get out off the

fucking toilet! (Clinic girl, 1x02)

Y
Yo interjection

Greeting or attracting attention

 Yo! Give her a big hello from

me, yeah? (Chris, 1x01)

28
6. References

Adams, Michael. Slang: The people’s poetry. Oxford: Oxford University Press,

2009. Print.

Ayto, John. The Oxford Dictionary of Slang. Oxford: Oxford University Press,

1998. Print.

Barret, Grant. The Official Dictionary of Unofficial English: A Crunk Omibus for

Thrillionaires and Bampots for the Ecozoic Age. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.

Print.

Bernstein, Jonathan. Knickers in a Twist: A Dictionary of British Slang. Edinburgh:

Canongate, 2006. Print.

Berridge, Susan. “‘Doing it for the kids’? The Discursive Construction of the

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