8/12/2018 Example on the Analysis and Design of Continuous Slab and Beam Footing Per BS 8110-1:1997 - Structville...

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Example on the Analysis and Design of Continuous STRUCTVILLE RESEARCH

Slab and Beam Footing Per BS 8110-1:1997

by Ubani Obinna Ranks on April 10, 2016 in Construction, Geotechnical Engineering, Reinforced Concrete Design, Statically
Indeterminate Structures

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can easily download research papers, articles,
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The design presented here is just an excerpt from my nal year project ‘Structural Analysis and Design of 35,000 Capacity
STRUCTVILLE DESIGN MANUAL
Reinforced Concrete Stadium’. After analysis and design of the superstructure (see a section of the stadium in the picture
below), I realized I had a very large magnitude of axial loads and moments at the foundation. Foundations must be
designed to resist geotechnical and structural failure, and at the same time should be economical. The ultimate bearing

capacity of the supporting soil at 2.00m depth was very good at 380 KN/m2 (gravely sand), so shallow foundation was
adopted.

You can purchase or download the preview of this

highly interactive design manual by clicking on it.

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8/12/2018 Example on the Analysis and Design of Continuous Slab and Beam Footing Per BS 8110-1:1997 - Structville...

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However, adopting a pad footing proved very uneconomical given the large area of excavation required (columns are
spaced at 6.0m), and the depth of concrete needed to handle shear forces was much. Raft foundation proved to be too
expensive for a soil with such a good bearing capacity. After much consideration, I realized that chaining the columns POPULAR POSTS

continuously will do the trick, but at the same time, I could combine the slab with upstand beams running continuously
Structural Design of Steel Fin Plate
along the axis of the column. My whole aim was to reduce the great quantity of concrete that would have been required to Connection
control diagonal shear by using shear reinforcements (stirrups) in the beams.This eventually proved to be much cheaper.

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In the excerpts of the design presented below, the following data obtains;

Concrete grade = 30 N/mm2 What is wrong with this section

structural detailing?
Yield strength of reinforcement = 460 N/mm2
Concrete cover of reinforcement = 50mm
How to Prepare the General
Bearing capacity of soil = 380 KN/m2
Arrangement (GA) of a Building
For this post, I selected an axis from the structure in which the intermediate columns approximately had ultimate axial
loads of 3081.075 KN while the end columns had an axial load of 1680.3 KN (see Figure below).
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From the symmetrical arrangement of the loads, it is quite obvious that the centroid will pass through the middle column,
hence, soil pressure can be assumed to be uniform under the whole length of the footing.
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 Ubani Obinna Ranks  Aug 04, 2018
Dimension of all columns = (500 x 300 mm)
Total Ultimate Limit State (ULS) Load = 2(1680.3) + 5(3081.075) = 18765.975 KN
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Axial load conversion factor to Serviceability Limit State (SLS) α = 1.45 Competition
NSLS = 18765.975/(1.45 ) = 12942.05 KN  Ubani Obinna Ranks  Aug 02, 2018

A simpler Approach to the Design of

Assume 12% of service load to be the self weight (SW) of the footing
Ground Beams Using Staad Pro
SW = (12/100) × 12942.05 = 1553.04 KN  Ubani Obinna Ranks  Aug 02, 2018

Area of footing required Areq = NSLS+ SW /(Bearing Capacity) = (12942.05 + 1553.04)/380 = 38.14 m2

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8/12/2018 Example on the Analysis and Design of Continuous Slab and Beam Footing Per BS 8110-1:1997 - Structville...
Taking a 36.3m long base, the width B = 38.14/36.3 = 1.051 m
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Therefore, provide a 1.1 m x 36.3m base (Aprov = 39.93 m2)

Let the thickness of the footing be 1100mm  Facebook

Earth Pressure intensity (q) = N/Aprov = (18765.975 KN)/(39.93 m2 ) = 469.97 KN/m2

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Design of the footing cantilever slab portion (per meter strip)

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Note that the bending moment in the slab is maximum at the face of the column (in this case at the face of the upstand
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Width of the upstand beam = 500mm = 0.5m

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Hence, Moment arm (jxx) = (1.1– 0.5)/(2 ) = 0.30 m

Assume depth of slab h = 300mm, concrete cover (Cc) = 50mm and assuming that (ϕ) Y20mm bars will be used;
Hence, the effective depth (d) = h - Cc - ϕ/2 = 300 – 50 – (20/2) = 240mm BLOG ARCHIVE

April (15)
Mx-x = (q × jxx2) / 2 = (469.97 × 0.32)/2 = 21.14 KN.m

k = M/(Fcubd2 ) = (21.14 × 106) / (30 × 1000 × 2402 ) = 0.012

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k < 0.156, no compression steel needed

Lever arm (la) = 0.5 + (0.25 – K/0.9)0.5 Hence la = 0.95 BEAMS (28) BRIDGES (6)

CABLE STRUCTURES (1) COLUMN (12)

The area of tenseion steel required; ASreq = M/(0.95Fy.la.d ) = (21.14 × 106) / (0.95 × 460 × 0.95 × 240) = 212.17 mm2
CONCRETE (3) CONNECTION DESIGN (1)

ASmin = 0.13bh/100 = (0.13 × 1000 × 300)/100 = 390 mm2 CONSTRUCTION (14) DAILY QUESTIONS (10)

Therefore, Provide Y12 @ 200 mm c/c (Asprov = 566 mm2/m) DYNAMIC ANALYSIS (4)

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS (1) EUROCODE 2 (29)

Distribution bars on slab

EUROCODE 3 (12) EUROCODE 5 (1)
ASmin = 0.13bh/100 = (0.13 × 1000 × 300)/100 = 390 mm2
EUROCODE 7 (5) FIRE (1) FORCE METHOD (9)
Therefore, Provide Y12 @ 250 mm c/c (Asprov = 452 mm2/m)
FOUNDATIONS (11) FRAMES (23)

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING (15) GUIDES (10)

Shear design of slab INFORMATIVE POSTS (14) LITERATURE REVIEW (3)

The concrete resistance shear stress (Vc) = 0.632 × (100As/bd)1/3 × (400/d)1/4

MATERIALS ENGINEERING (2) OPINION (1)
Vc = 0.632 × [(100 × 566)/(1000 × 240)]1/3 × (400/240)1/4
PLASTIC ANALYSIS (1) PROGRAMMING (2)
Vc = 0.632 × 0.617 × 1.136 = 0.443 N/mm2
PROMOTIONS (7) QUANTITY ESTIMATION (7)
For Fcu = 30N/mm2
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN (44)
Vc = 0.443 × (30/25)1/3 = 0.470 N/mm2
STAAD PRO (8)

Critical diagonal shear force at 'd' from face of support (Q) STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCTURES (13)
Q = q (jxx – d)
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES (15)
Therefore the shear force Q= 467.97 × (0.30 – 0.24) = 28.078 KN/m
STEEL STRUCTURES (16)
The resultant shear stress V = (28.078 × 103)/(1000 × 240) = 0.1169 N/mm2
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS (59) TALL BUILDINGS (2)
We can see that V < Vc, ie (0.1169 N/mm2 < 0.470 N/mm2)
Hence, diagonal Shear is ok THIN PLATES (4) TIMBER STRUCTURES (2)

A little consideration will show that punching shear at 1.5d from the face of column is also ok (falls outside the footing
TRUSSES (7) WIND LOAD (1)
dimensions). Hence design is ok.

Design of ground longitudinal upstand beam

Width of beam = width of column = 500mm = 0.5m

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8/12/2018 Example on the Analysis and Design of Continuous Slab and Beam Footing Per BS 8110-1:1997 - Structville...
Uniformly distributed soil reaction on beam = Earth pressure intensity × Width of footing = 467.97 x 1.1 = 514.77 KN/m

Bottom Reinforcement Design (Column Support Points)

Total depth of beam = 1100mm
Effective depth (d) = 1100 – 50 – 16 - 10 = 1024mm (assuming the use of Y32mm bars and Y10mm links)

Design Moment (M) = 1960.09 KN.m

k = M/(Fcubd2 ) = (1960.09 × 106)/(30 × 500 × 10242) = 0.124

Since k < 0.156, no compression steel needed

Hence the lever arm, la = 0.5 + (0.25 – K/0.9)0.5 Hence la = 0.834

The area of tension steel required; ASreq = M/(0.95Fy.la.d ) = (1960.09 × 106)/(0.95 × 460 × 0.834 × 1024) = 5252 mm2

ASmin = 0.26bh/100 = (0.26 × 500 × 1100)/100 = 1430 mm2

Provide 6Y32mm + 2Y25mm BOT (Asprov = 5806 mm2) around the penultimate supports. (See detailed drawings)

Central Column Support Bottom Reinforcement Design

M = 1603.71 KN.m

k = M/(Fcubd2) = (1603.71 × 106) / (30 × 500 × 10242) = 0.1019, k < 0.156, no compression steel needed.

la = 0.5 + (0.25 – K/0.9)0.5 Hence la = 0.869

The area of tension steel required; ASreq = M/(0.95Fy.la.d ) = (1603.71 × 106)/(0.95 × 460 × 0.869 × 1024) = 4124 mm2

ASmin = 0.26bh/100 = (0.26 × 500 × 1100)/100 = 1430 mm2

Provide 4Y32mm + 3Y25mm (Asprov = 4689 mm2) at the central column support. (See detailed drawings)

Top Reinforcement Design (Beam Span Design)

M = 1440.08 KN.m

k = M/(Fcubd2) = (1440.08 × 106/(30 × 500 × 10242) = 0.0916

la = 0.5 + (0.25 – K/0.9)0.5 Hence la = 0.885

The area of tension steel required; ASreq = M/(0.95Fy.la.d ) = (1440.08 × 106)/(0.95 × 460 × 0.885 × 1024) = 3387.5 mm2

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ASmin = 0.18bh/100 = (0.18 × 500 × 1100)/100 = 990 mm2

Provide 4Y32mm + 2Y16mm (Asprov = 3618 mm2)

Mid-span Sections Design

M = 802.71 KN.m

k = M/(Fcubd2)) = (802.71 × 106)/(30 × 500 × 10242) = 0.051; k < 0.156, no compression steel needed

la = 0.5 + (0.25 – K/0.9)0.5 Hence la = 0.939

The area of tension steel required; ASreq = M/(0.95Fy.la.d ) = (802.71 × 106)/(0.95 × 460 × 0.939 × 1024) = 1910 mm2

ASmin = 0.18bh/100 = (0.18 × 500 × 1100)/100 = 990 mm2

Provide 4Y25mm + 2Y16mm (Asprov = 2366 mm2)

Longitudinal Face Side Bars

Provide Y16mm @ 200mm c/c both faces

Shear design of the longitudinal ground beams

Punching Shear at column face

Taking the maximum shear force for punching shear veri cation at column face
Punching shear at column face Vf = (1870 × 3.4846)/3.6346 = 1792.8 KN Punching shear stress = (1792.8 × 1000)/(500 ×

1024) = 3.5016 N/mm2

We can see that 3.5016 N/mm2 < 0.8√fcu < 5 N/mm2

Therefore, depth of section is adequate for shear.

Maximum shear force on the footing = 1870.99 KN

The shear force at 'd' from the face of column, Vd = (1870.99 × 2.4606)/3.6346 = 1266.64 KN (calculation was done looking

at the shear force diagram)

The shear stress v = Vd/bd = (1266.64 × 1000)/(500 × 1024) = 2.474 N/mm2

The concrete resistance shear stress (Vc) = 0.632 × (100As/bd)1/3 × (400/d)1/4

Hence, Vc = 0.632 × [(100 × 5806)/(500 × 1024)]1/3 × (400/1024)1/4

Vc = 0.632 × 1.032 × 1= 0.652 N/mm2

For Fcu = 30 N/mm2, Vc = 0.652 × (30/25)1/3 = 0.692 N/mm2

Hence shear reinforcement is required

Trying 4 legs of Y10mm, we have;
Spacing Sv = (0.95 × Fyv × Asv)/(bv (v - Vc)) = (0.95 × 460 × 314)/(500 (2.474 - 0.692)) = 154 mm

Maximum spacing = 0.75d = 0.75 × 1024 mm = 768 mm

Provide 4Y10mm @ 150mm c/c links as shear reinforcement

Extent of shear links

Shear stress of nominal links Vn = [(Asv/Sv) × 0.95Fy + (bw × Vc)] d

Concrete Resistance shear stress Vc = 0.692 N/mm2

Vn = [(236/300) × 0.95 × 460 + 500 × 0.692) × 1024 × 10-3 = 706.326 KN (Taking a nominal shear reinforcement of 3Y10 @
300mm)
Extent of shear links Sn = (Vd - Vn)/q + d Extent of shear links Sn = (1266.64 – 706.326)/(514.77 + 1.024) = 2.112 m

Therefore, stop main shear links(4Y10mm @ 150mm) i.e. at 2.2 m from face of column and provide nominal reinforcement
of 3Y10 @ 300mm till the point of zero shear force.
Shear force at the central column support point = 1574.01 KN
The shear force at d from the face of column, Vd = (1574.01 × 1.88369)/3.05769 = 969.668 KN

The shear stress v = Vd/bd = (969.668 × 1000)/(500 × 1024) = 1.893 N/mm2

The concrete resistance shear stress (Vc) = 0.632 × (100As/bd)1/3 × (400/d)1/4

Vc = 0.632 × ((100 × 4689)/(500 × 1024))1/3 × (400/1024)1/4

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Vc = 0.632 × 0.9711 × 1 = 0.613 N/mm2

For Fcu = 30 N/mm2, Vc = 0.613 x (30/25)1/3 = 0.6517 N/mm2

Hence shear reinforcement is required

Trying 4 legs of Y10mm, we have;
Spacing of links Sv = (0.95 × Fyv × Asv)/(bv (v - Vc)) = (0.95 × 460 × 314)/(500(1.893 - 0.6517)) = 221.087 mm

Maximum spacing = 0.75d = 0.75 x 1024 =768 mm

Provide 4Y10mm @ 200mm c/c links as shear reinforcement

Extent of shear links

Shear stress of nominal links Vn = [(Asv/Sv) × 0.95Fy + (bw × Vc)] d

Vc = 0.6517 N/mm2
Vn = [( 236/300) × 0.95 × 460 + 500 × 0.6517) × 1024
Hence, Vn = 685.69 KN (Taking a nominal shear reinforcement of 3Y10 @ 300mm)
Extent of shear links Sn = (Vd - Vn)/q + d

Extent of shear links Sn = (698.665 – 685.69)/514.77 + 1.024 = 1.049 m

Stop shear links at 1.1 m from face of column and provide nominal reinforcement = 3Y10 @ 300mm
The picture below shows the section through the rst span of the continuous footing;

The picture below shows the section through the second support of the continuous footing;

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3 COMMENTS: 

NITHIN .B SEPTEMBER 22, 2016 AT 9:51 AM

is there any design of raker beam

Reply

Replies

UBANI OBINNA RANKS Author SEPTEMBER 22, 2016 AT 1:22 PM

http://structville.blogspot.com.ng/2016/04/analysis-and-design-of-continuous-rc.html?m=1

UBANI OBINNA RANKS Author SEPTEMBER 22, 2016 AT 1:23 PM

Yes... It is a topic on this blog.... See the link above

Reply

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