NURSING DIAGNOSIS

RISK FACTORS
 history of cigarette smoking
 Oxygen use for a pre-existing
lung condition
 Recent high-risk surgery
 Obesity
 Low protein in the blood
 Alcohol abuse
 Recent chemotherapy
MANIFESTATIONS
 Ineffective breathing pattern
 Impaired Gas Exchange  Severe shortness of breath
 Ineffective airway clearance  Labored and unusually rapid
breathing
 Decreased Cardiac Output
 Low blood pressure
 Risk for Injury  Confusion and extreme
 Excess Fluid Volume tiredness
 Impaired Verbal Communication  Muscle weakness
 Impaired Physical Mobility  discolored skin or nails a dry
 hacking cough
 Impaired Skin Integrity  fever
 Sleep Pattern Disturbance  headaches
 Ineffective Coping  a fast pulse rate

COMPLICATIONS
 pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
 Infections MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 lung scarring
 blood clots ACUTE RESPIRATORY  Mechanical ventilation
DISTRESS SYNDROME  Airway pressure release ventilation
 Positive end-expiratory pressure
 Prone position
 Fluid management
MEDICATIONS  Corticosteroids
 Nitric oxide
 Antibiotics NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Surfactant therapy
 Anti-inflammatorydrugs
(corticosteroids)  providing adequate oxygenation
 Diuretics  avoidance of complications
 Anti-anxiety drugs  drug therapy
 Inhaled drugs administered  nutritional support
 Supplemental oxygen  prone positioning
 Mechanical ventilation  permissive hypercapnia
 Bronchodilators