Standard Pengujian Las

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Standards commonly used in the UK joining industry:

Quality and Testing (Metals)
Frequently Asked Questions
 Qualification and Certification: NDT
 Quality and Terminology
 Testing: Destructive Testing
 Testing: Nondestructive Testing
 Nondestructive Testing Equipment and Media
Qualification and Certification: NDT
AWS B5.15: 2010
Specification for the qualification of radiographic interpreters
The requirements for the qualification of radiographic interpreters, including experience, knowledge, and
skills unique to the interpretation of radiographic media and the determination of acceptance criteria for
weldments and adjacent base metal, are defined.
BS EN 473: 2008
Nondestructive testing. Qualification and certification of NDT personnel.
General principles
Principles for the qualification and certification of personnel who perform industrial non-destructive
testing (NDT) are established. The term 'industrial' implies the exclusion of medical applications. The
certification covers proficiency in one or more of the following methods: acoustic emission testing; eddy
current testing; leak testing (hydraulic pressure tests excluded); magnetic particle testing; penetrant
testing; radiographic testing; ultrasonic testing; visual testing (direct unaided visual tests and visual
tests carried out during the application of another NDT method are excluded).
BS EN 4179: 2009
Aerospace series. Qualification and certification of personnel for
nondestructive testing
Minimum requirements for the qualification and approval of personnel involved in the use of
nondestructive testing for materials, products, systems, subsystems and component inspection are
specified. Training, experience and examination within the aerospace industry, in both manufacturing
and service; individuals directly responsible for the technical adequacy of NDT methods used; and those
providing technical training or supervision for NDT personnel are included. All NDT methods are covered.
ISO 11484: 2009

Steel products. Employer's qualification system for nondestructive testing
(NDT) personnel
ISO/TS 11774: 2011
Nondestructive testing. Performance-based qualification
ISO/TS 22809: 2007
Nondestructive testing. Discontinuities in specimens for use in
qualification examinations
PD CEN/TR 14748: 2004
Nondestructive testing. Methodology for qualification of nondestructive
tests
Basic principles, recommendations and general guidelines for carrying out qualification of nondestructive
testing (NDT) are given. Methods for qualifying NDT procedures to determine whether they are capable
of attaining their objectives and applies to all aspects of tests influencing their effectiveness are defined.
The principles, qualification phases, steps and responsibilities are set out in detail and further
information on the NDT qualification process is given in annexes.
PD CEN/TR 15589: 2007

Nondestructive testing. Code of practice for the approval of NDT
personnel by recognised third party organisations under the provisions of
Directive 97/23/EC
A methodology for approval of NDT personnel under the provisions of Directive 97/23/EC, Annex 1,
section 3.1.3 is presented.
PD CEN ISO/TR 25107: 2006

Nondestructive testing. Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses.
Guidelines for non-destructive testing (NDT) training syllabuses, with the intention of harmonizing and
maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial needs are given. It also
establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure
eligibility for qualification examinations leading to third-party certification according to recognized
standards. In addition to nondestructive testing in general, its guidelines for syllabuses cover acoustic
emission, eddy current, leak, magnetic particle, penetrant, radiographic, ultrasonic and visual testing.
Quality and Terminology

AWS G1.10M: 2001
Guide for evaluation of hot gas, hot gas extrusion and heated tool butt thermoplastic welds
See Adhesives and Plastics Standards FAQ
BS 7910: 2005
Guidance on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic
structures (incorporating Amendment 1)
Supersedes PD 6493:1991 and PD 6539:1994
Guidance for assessing the acceptability of flaws in all types of structures and components is provided.
Although specifically aimed at welded fabrications in ferritic and austenitic steels and aluminium alloys,
the procedures developed can be used for analysing flaws in welds in other materials and in non-welded
applications. Types of defect and modes of failure are described. Detailed assessments for brittle
fracture, fatigue, creep and other failure modes are given. Appendices cover: evaluation under stresses
or loading; tubular joints in offshore structures; pressure vessels and pipelines; stress due to
misalignment; flaw recharacterisation; leak-before-break assessment; reporting failure assessments;
effects of weld strength mismatch on fracture behaviour; Charpy V-notch impact tests; reliability of
data; fracture toughness determination; stress intensity factors; acceptability levels for flaws; proof
testing and warm prestressing; reference stress; residual stress distributions; plasticity interaction
effects under loading; fatigue life estimation; and high temperature crack growth assessments.
BS EN 729
Quality requirements for welding. Fusion welding of metallic materials
Part 1: 1995 Guidelines for selection and use
Superseded by BS EN ISO 3834-1
Part 2: 1995 Comprehensive quality requirements
Part 3: 1995 Standard quality requirements
Part 4: 1995 Elementary quality requirements
BS EN 1330
Non-destructive testing. Terminology
Part 1: 1998 List of general terms
The standard comprises a trilingual (English, French and German) listing of terms used in non-
destructive testing which come from other fields, such as the electrical, vacuum technology and
metrology industries. The relevant standard number is given beside each term. A listing of relevant
standards is included within the text.
Part 2: 1998 Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods
Terms and definitions for non-destructive testing which are used in two or more testing methods are
listed in this standard. The listing is trilingual, with both terms and definitions being given in English,
French and German. Some terms listed in this part of the standard will be defined more precisely in the
subsequent parts, which deal with the specific test methods in more detail.
Part 3: 1997 Terms used in industrial radiographic testing
Terms and definitions for radiographic testing are listed. The listing is trilingual, with both terms and
definitions being given in English, French and German.
Part 4: 2010 Terms used in ultrasonic testing
Terms and definitions for ultrasonic testing are listed. The listing is trilingual, with both terms and
Part 5: 1998 Terms used in eddy current testing
Superseded by BS EN 12718: 2008
Part 7: 2005 Terms used in magnetic particle testing
Terms used in magnetic particle inspection are classified. Terminology is issued in three languages
(English, French and German). There are forty six terms and definitions and alphabetical cross indexes
for each of the three languages.
Part 8: 1998 Terms used in leak testing
Terms and definitions for leak testing are listed. The listing is trilingual, with both terms and definitions
being given in English, French and German.
Part 9: 2009 Terms used in acoustic emission
Terms and definitions for acoustic emission are listed. The listing is trilingual, with both terms and
Part 10: 2003 Terms used in visual testing
Terms used in visual testing are listed. There are fifty three terms and definitions and alphabetical cross
indexes for each of the three languages.
Part 11: 2007 Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials
This standard defines the most common terms used for X-ray powder diffraction methods.
BS EN 1712: 1997
Nondestructive examination of welds. Ultrasonic examination of welded joints. Acceptance
levels
Superseded by BS EN ISO 11666: 2010
BS EN 4678: 2011
Aerospace series. Weldments and brazements for aerospace structures.
Joints of metallic materials by laser beam welding. Quality of weldments
Rules to be observed to ensure the quality of aerospace structures in metallic materials by (solid
reference number 521 and gas reference number 522 and diode laser semiconductor 523 according to
EN ISO 4063) laser beam welding, implemented automatically, semi-automatically or manually, are
defined. The standard applies to the manufacturing of new parts or the repair of parts, these operations
being under the responsibility of an approved design authority or repairer.
BS EN 14728: 2005
Imperfections in thermoplastic welds
BS EN 16018: 2011
Nondestructive testing. Terminology. Terms used in ultrasonic testing with
phased arrays
Terms used in ultrasonic testing with phased arrays are defined in English, French and German.
BS EN 25817: 1992
Arc welded joints in steel. Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
Superseded by BS EN ISO 5817
BS EN 26520: 1992
Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with explanations
BS EN 30042: 1994
Arc welded joints in aluminium and its weldable alloys. Guidance on quality levels for
imperfections
BS EN 61191
Printed board assemblies
Part 6: 2010 Evaluation criteria for voids in soldered joints of BGA and LGA and measurement
methods
Identical to IEC 61191-6: 2010
The evaluation criteria for voids on the scale of the thermal cycle life, and the measurement method of
voids using X-ray observation are specified. The standard applies to voids generated in solder joints of
BGA and LGA soldered on a board, not to the BGA package itself before it is assembled on a board.
Devices having joints made by melt and re-solidification, such as flip chip devices and multi-chip
modules, in addition to BGA and LGA are also covered, but not joints with under-fill between a device
and a board, or to solder joints within a device package. The standard applies to macrovoids from 10 µm
to several hundred micrometres generated in a soldered joint, but not smaller voids (typically, planar
microvoids) smaller than 10 µm diameter.
BS EN ISO 3834
Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials
Part 1: 2005 Criteria for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements
Supersedes BS EN 729-1
A general outline of ISO 3834 and criteria to be taken into account for the selection of the appropriate
level of quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials, among the three levels specified in
ISO 3834-2 [3], ISO 3834-3 [4] and ISO 3834-4 [5] is given. It applies to manufacturing, both in
workshops and at field installation sites.
Part 2: 2005 Comprehensive quality requirements
This part of ISO 3834 defines comprehensive quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic
materials both in workshops and at field installation sites.
Part 3: 2005 Standard quality requirements
This part of ISO 3834 defines standard quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials both
in workshops and at field installation sites.
Part 4: 2005 Elementary quality requirements
This part of ISO 3834 defines elementary quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials
both in workshops and at field installation sites.
Part 5: 2005 Documents with which it is necessary to conform to claim conformity to the
quality requirements of ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4
Part 6: 2007 Guidelines on implementing BS ISO 3834-1
(PD CEN ISO/TR 3834-6: 2007)
BS EN ISO 5817: 2007

Welding. Fusion welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys
(beam welding excluded). Quality levels for imperfections
Supersedes BS EN 25817
This standard specifies quality levels of imperfections (excluding for beam welding) in fusion-welded
joints in all types of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys, using a range of arc welding processes and
oxy-fuel gas welding (steel only). It applies to material thicknesses above 0.5 mm. It contains a
simplified selection of designations given in ISO 6520-1: 1998. Imperfections are assessed in terms of
relevant designations, wall or plate nominal thickness and three levels of limits on production quality.
BS EN ISO 6520
Welding and allied processes. Classification of geometric imperfections in
metallic materials
Part 1: 2007 Fusion welding
Precise classifications and descriptions of weld imperfections, including explanations and illustrations
where appropriate, are detailed. The content and numbering system from ISO 6520: 1982 have been
retained as far as possible, though additional imperfections have been included , and the terms on
Undercut have been renumbered. New numbers have been introduced for microshrinkage in order to
make a distinction between macroscopic and microscopic phenomena, and information on cracking after
welding is included.
Part 2: 2002 Welding with pressure
Possible geometric imperfections in welds in metallic materials made by welding with pressure are
classified by a uniform designation of type, shape and dimensions. Metallurgical deviations and
imperfections caused by non-welding factors are not included. The imperfections are classified in six
groups covering cracks, cavities, lack of fusion, imperfect shape and other imperfections. The main
welding with pressure processes and their variants are covered. There is an informative annex listing
relevant imperfections against the various welding processes.
BS EN ISO 9013: 2002

Thermal cutting. Classification of thermal cuts. Geometrical product
specification and quality tolerances
Quality classification and dimensional tolerance requirements for oxyfuel, plasma and laser cut metals
between 3 and 300 mm thick are presented. Factors used for the classification of quality are
perpendicular tolerance, angularity tolerance, ten point height of irregularities, drag and melting of top
edge. Tables give limit deviations for normal tolerances. Symbols and codes for marking required quality
and tolerances on technical drawings and documents are shown.
BS EN ISO 10042: 2005

Welding. Arc welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. Quality levels for
imperfections
Supersedes BS EN 30042
Quality levels are specified for imperfections in arc welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies
to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm and covers full penetration butt welds and all fillet welds. The
principles of the standard may also be applied to partial penetration butt welds. Quality levels for beam
welded joints are presented in ISO 13919-2. Three quality levels are given in order to permit application
to a wide range of welded constructions and these are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B
corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production
quality and not to the fitness for purpose of the product manufactured. The standard applies to: all types
of weld, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections; the following welding processes and their
sub-processes as defined in ISO 4063: metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding;
tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding) (gas tungsten arc welding); plasma arc welding; manual,
mechanised and automatic welding - in all welding positions.
BS EN ISO 11666: 2010

Nondestructive testing of welds. Ultrasonic testing. Acceptance levels
Supersedes BS EN 1712: 1997
Ultrasonic acceptance levels 2 and 3 for full penetration welded joints in ferritic steels, which correspond
to ISO 5817 quality levels B and C, are specified. These acceptance levels are applicable to testing
carried out in accordance with ISO 17640. The standard applies to the examination of full penetration
ferritic steel welds, with thicknesses from 8 mm to 100 mm. The nominal frequency of probes used is
between 2 MHz and 5 MHz, unless attenuation or requirements for higher resolution call for other
frequencies.
BS EN ISO 12706: 2009

Nondestructive testing. Penetrant testing. Vocabulary
Technical terms relating to penetrant testing are defined.
BS EN ISO 12718: 2008

Nondestructive testing. Eddy current testing. Vocabulary
Supersedes BS EN 1330-5: 1998
Terms and definitions for eddy current testing are listed. The listing is trilingual, with both terms and
BS EN ISO 13919
Welding. Electron and laser beam welded joints. Guidance on quality
levels for imperfections
Part 1: 1997 Steel
The standard should be used as a reference in the drafting of application codes and/or for other
application standards. It gives guidance levels of imperfections in electron and laser beam welded joints
in steel. The three levels are given so as to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrications,
and refer to production quality.
Part 2: 2001 Aluminium and its weldable alloys

Used as a reference for drafting application codes and/or other application standards, this standard
provides guidance on levels of imperfections in electron and laser beam welding of all types of joint, with
or without filler wire, in aluminium and its alloys of. The thickness range covered is equal to or above
1mm. A wide range of welded fabrications is covered through the three levels of imperfections.
BS EN ISO 14731: 2006

Welding coordination. Tasks and responsibilities
This International Standard identifies the quality-related responsibilities and tasks included in the
coordination of welding-related activities. In any manufacturing organization, welding coordination can
be undertaken by one or a number of persons. Welding coordination requirements can be specified by a
manufacturer, a contract or an application standard.
BS EN ISO 17663: 2009

Welding. Quality requirements for heat treatment in connection with
welding and allied processes
Supersedes PD CR ISO 17663:2001
Requirements for heat treatment in air or controlled atmospheres carried out in workshops and on site in
connection with welding and forming are specified. It applies mainly to ferritic steels, but can be used for
other materials as appropriate. Guidance is provided for manufacturers that perform heat treatment or
produce heat treated products or components. The standard can also be used as a basis for assessing a
manufacturer in respect to heat treatment capability.
BS EN ISO 18279: 2003

Brazing. Imperfections in brazed joints
This standard provides a classification of imperfections that can occur in brazed joints. Guidance is given
on quality levels and limits on imperfections are suggested. The imperfections are divided into six
groups, details being given in a table: cracks, cavities, solid inclusions, bonding imperfections, shape
and size imperfections and miscellaneous imperfections. A distinction is also made in classifying external
and internal imperfections. Information on evaluation is given in two annexes.
BS EN ISO 23277: 2009

Nondestructive testing of welds. Penetrant testing of welds. Acceptance
levels
Supersedes BS EN 1289:1998
Acceptance levels for indications from surface breaking imperfections in metallic welds detected by
penetrant testing are specified. The acceptance levels can be used during manufacture or for in service
inspection. Definitions are given of linear and non-linear indications. Effects of sensitivity, surface
condition, process and technique on the shape and size of indication produced by a weld imperfection,
and their relation to acceptance level are specified.
BS EN ISO 23278: 2009

Nondestructive testing of welds. Magnetic particle testing of welds.
Acceptance levels
This standard specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in ferromagnetic steel welds
detected by magnetic particle testing, and applies to inspection during manufacture or in service.
Definitions are given of linear and non-linear indications. Tables are presented of acceptance levels and
of recommended testing parameters for the reliable detection of small imperfections. Grouped
indications and the removal of imperfections are considered.
BS EN ISO 23279: 2010

Nondestructive testing of welds. Ultrasonic testing. Characterisation of
indications in welds
The characterisation of embedded indications by classifying them as planar or non-planar is specified.

The procedure is also suitable for indications that break the surface after removal of the weld
reinforcement.
BS ISO 24497
Nondestructive testing. Metal magnetic memory
Part 1: 2007 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions for procedures in the sphere of nondestructive testing by the method of metal
magnetic memory are specified.
BS EN ISO 25239
Friction stir welding. Aluminium
Part 5: 2011 Quality and inspection requirements
A method for determining the capability of a manufacturer to use the friction stir welding (FSW) process
for the production of products of the specified quality is specified. It specifies quality requirements, but
does not assign those requirements to any specific product group. Aluminium includes aluminium alloys;
friction spot welding is not covered.
ISO 10675
Nondestructive testing of welds. Acceptance levels for radiographic testing
Part 1: 2008 Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys
Part 2: 2010 Aluminium and its alloys
ISO 15626: 2011

Nondestructive testing of welds. Time-of-flight diffraction technique.
Acceptance levels
ISO 19232
Nondestructive testing. Image quality of radiographs
Part 1: 2004 Image quality indicators (wire type). Determination of image quality value
See also BS EN 462-1
Part 2: 2004 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
Part 3: 2004 Image quality indicators (step/hole type). Determination of image quality value
Part 4: 2004 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables
Part 5: 2004 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type). Determination of image
unsharpness value
PD 6493: 1991
Guidance on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in fusion welded structures
Superseded by BS 7910
PD 6539: 1994
Guide to methods for the assessment of the influence of crack growth on the significance of
defects in components operating at high temperatures
Superseded by BS 7910
Testing
Destructive Testing
AWS B4.0: 2007
Standard methods for mechanical testing of welds (metric)
Requirements for mechanical testing of welds and welded joints are given. The standard covers butt,
fillet and stud welds, tested by bend tests, tension tests, fracture toughness tests, soundness tests,
shear tests, nick-break tests, hardness tests, stud weld tests and selected weldability tests (controlled
thermal severity, cruciform, implant, Lehigh restraint, Varestraint, oblique Y-groove tests). For each
testing method, scope, applicable ANSI and ASTM document references, required apparatus, specimen
preparation, procedure and report requirements are given.
AWS C3.2M/C3.2: 2008

Standard method for evaluating the strength of brazed joints
A standard test method is described for obtaining reliable shear strength values for brazed joints of
different designs. In this revision test specimens to obtain brazed strength data in butt tension, stress
rupture, creep strength and four-point bending are added to single lap shear specimens previously
given. Aspects covered include: specimen preparation methods, brazing and postbrazing procedures;
mechanical testing techniques and recording and presentation of data.
AWS C7.3: 1999 (R2003)

Process specification for electron beam welding
This standard addresses processing and quality control requirements for electron beam welding. The
specification covers safety issues (electric shocks, materials, fumes and gases, X-radiation, visible
radiation, vacuum, mechanical systems), requirements (equipment, materials, joint design, pre-weld
and post-weld heat treatments), fabrication, inspection (nondestructive examination, discontinuity
limits, destructive evaluation), equipment calibration and maintenance, approval of work, and delivery of
work (identification, protective treatments and packaging).
AWS D8.9M: 2002 (SAE D8.9M)

Recommended practices for test methods for evaluating the
resistance spot welding behaviour of automotive sheet steel
materials
The document contains several standardised test methods for evaluating the resistance spot
welding behaviour of coated and uncoated sheet steels in a laboratory. The following are
determined: the effect of the interaction between a sheet steel's coating and the welding
electrodes on electrode deterioration and weld size/quality over an extended number of
welds; currents; mechanical properties of welds at different weld sizes and hold times;
metallurgical and hardness properties of welds.
BS 709: 1983
Methods of destructive testing welded joints and weld metal in steel
Superseded by BS EN 1043-1, BS EN 1043-2, BS EN 1320, BS EN 1321, BS EN 875, BS EN 876, BS EN
895, BS EN 910, BS EN ISO 9018
BS 1723
Brazing
Part 3:1988 Methods for nondestructive and destructive testing
Superseded by BS EN 12797 and BS EN 12799
BS 3451: 1973
Methods of testing fusion welds in aluminium and aluminium alloys
Superseded by BS EN 895, BS EN 910, BS EN 1320 and BS EN 1321
BS 4206: 1967
Methods of testing fusion welds in copper and copper alloys
Superseded by BS EN 895, BS EN 910, BS EN 1320 and BS EN 1321
BS EN 875: 1995
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Impact tests. Test specimen location, notch
orientation and examination
Superseded by BS EN ISO 9016: 2011; partially supersedes BS 709:1983
BS EN 876: 1995
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in
fusion welded joints
Superseded by BS EN ISO 5178: 2011; partially supersedes BS 709:1983
BS EN 895: 1995
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Transverse tensile test
Superseded by BS EN ISO 4136: 2011; partially supersedes BS 709:1983, BS 3451:1973 and BS
4206:1967
BS EN 910: 1996
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Bend tests
Superseded by BS EN ISO 5173: 2010; partially supersedes BS 709:1983, BS 3451:1973 and BS
4206:1967
BS 7448
Fracture mechanics toughness tests
Part 2: 1997 Method for determination of KIc, critical CTOD and critical J values of welds in
metallic materials
Superseded by BS EN ISO 15653: 2010
BS EN 1043
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Hardness testing
Part 1: 1996 Hardness tests on arc welded joints
Superseded by BS EN ISO 9015-1: 2011; partially supersedes BS 709:1983
Part 2: 1997 Microhardness testing on welded joints

Superseded by BS EN ISO 9015-2: 2011; partially supersedes BS 709:1983
BS EN 1320: 1997
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Fracture tests
Partially supersedes BS 709:1983, BS 3451:1973 and BS 4206:1967
The sizes of test pieces and procedures are specified for carrying out fracture tests to obtain information
on the types, sizes and distribution of internal imperfections such as porosity, cracks, lack of penetration
and solid inclusions. The standard applies to metals in all sorts of products welded by any fusion welding
process.
BS EN 1321: 1997
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Macroscopic and
microscopic examination of welds
Partially supersedes BS 709:1983, BS 3451:1973 and BS 4206:1967
The methods of specimen preparation, test procedures and their main objectives are specified
for the macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds. Defects and microstructural
features that can be assessed by the different methods are tabulated.
BS EN 12797: 2000
Brazing. Destructive tests of brazed joints
With BS EN 12799 supersedes BS 1723-3:1988
This standard describes the principles, and test pieces and specimens, test procedures needed to
perform destructive tests on brazed joints. The standard covers the general principles of destructive
testing, shear tests, tensile tests, metallographic examination, hardness testing, peel tests, and bend
tests. Details are given of the test results and information to be reported. Imperfections in brazed joints
are described in Annex A.
BS EN 12814
Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products
Parts 1-8
BS EN 13445
Unfired pressure vessels
Part 5: 2009 + A3: 2011 Inspection and testing
The inspection and testing of individual and serially produced pressure vessels made of steels in
accordance with Part 2 is specified. Tables are presented of the extent of nondestructive testing (NDT)
for various types of welds and of the various NDT methods and associated techniques, characterisation
and acceptance criteria. The selection of NDT methods for detection of internal flaws in full penetration
joints is presented. Destructive tests are also covered.
BS EN 15085
Railway applications. Welding of railway vehicles and components
Part 5: 2007 Inspection, testing and documentation
Inspections and testing to be executed on the welds; destructive and nondestructive tests to be
performed; and necessary product conformity documentation are specified.
BS EN 60068
Environmental testing
Part 2-20: 2008 Test T. Test methods for solderability and resistance to soldering heat of
devices with leads
Identical to IEC 60068-2-20; supersedes BS 2011-2.1T:1981, which remains current
Tests are presented to determine the ability of component terminations and printed circuits to wet
easily, and to check that the component itself will not be damaged by assembly soldering processes.
Part 2-54: 2006 Tests. Test Ta. Solderability testing of electronic components by the wetting
balance method
Supersedes BS 2011-2.1Ta:1989
This part of IEC 60068 outlines Test Ta, solder bath wetting balance method applicable for any shape of
component terminations to determine the solderability. It is especially suitable for reference testing and
for components that cannot be quantitatively tested by other methods. (For surface mounting devices
(SMD), IEC 60068-2-69 should be applied if it is suitable.) This standard provides the standard
procedures for solder alloys containing lead (Pb) and for lead-free solder alloys.
Part 2-58: 2004 Tests. Test Td. Test methods for solderability. Resistance to dissolution of
metallisation and to soldering heat of surface mounting devices (SMD)
Identical to IEC 60068-2-58
Applicable to surface mounting devices (SMD), which are intended to mount on substrates. Standard
procedures for solder alloys containing lead (Pb) and for lead-free solder alloys are provided along with
procedures for determining the solderability and resistance of soldering heat to lead-free solder alloys,
and procedures for determining the solderability, dissolution of metallization and resistance of soldering
heat to solder alloys which are eutectic or near eutectic tin lead solders. The procedures in this standard
include the solder bath method and reflow method. The objective of this standard is to ensure that
component lead or termination solderability meets the applicable solder joint requirements of IEC
61191-2 using each of the soldering methods specified in IEC 61760-1. In addition, test methods are
provided to ensure that the component body can resist the heat load to which it is exposed during
soldering.
Part 2-69: 2007 Tests. Test Te. Solderability testing of electronic components for surface
mount technology by the wetting balance method
A description is given of two wetting balance methods (solder bath and solder globule) for quantitatively
determining the solderability of terminations on surface mounted devices. Both techniques are applicable
to components with metallic terminations and metallised solder pads. Topics covered include: general
description of the method; description of the test apparatus; specimen preparation; solder and flux
composition; test procedures; test conditions; presentation of results; and information to be given in the
relevant specification. Equipment specification and use of the wetting balance for surface mounted
device (SMD) solderability testing are covered in annexes.
Part 2-83:2011 Tests. Test Tf: Solderability testing of electronic components for surface
mounting devices (SMD) by the wetting balance method using solder paste
Methods for comparative investigation of the wettability of the metallic terminations or metallized
terminations of SMDs with solder pastes are provided. Data obtained by these methods are not intended
to be used as absolute quantitative data for pass-fail purposes.
BS EN 60512
Connectors for electronic equipment. Tests and measurements
Part 12-1: 2006 Soldering tests. Test 12a. Solderability. Wetting, solder bath method
A standard test method to assess the solderability of the terminations of a connector designed for use
with printed boards or for other applications using similar soldering techniques is detailed.
Part 12-2: 2006 Soldering tests. Test 12b. Solderability. Wetting, soldering iron method
A standard test method to assess the solderability of the terminations of a connector that are designed
to be soldered with a soldering iron and the soldering bath test method of IEC 60512-12-1 is not
appropriate is detailed.
Part 12-3: 2006 Soldering tests. Test 12c. Solderability. Dewetting
A standard test method to assess the ability of the terminations of a connector to remain covered with
solder when being brought into contact with molten solder under specified conditions is defined.
Part 12-4: 2006 Soldering tests. Test 12d. Solderability. Resistance to soldering heat. Solder
bath method
A standard test method is detailed to assess the ability of a connector to withstand the heating stresses
produced by a mass soldering operation.
Part 12-5: 2006 Soldering tests. Test 12e. Resistance to soldering heat. Soldering iron
method
A standard test method is detailed to assess the ability of a connector to withstand the heating stresses
produced by a soldering iron.
Part 12-6: 1997 Soldering tests. Test 12f. Sealing against flux and cleaning solvents in
machine soldering
The object of this test is to detail a standard test method to verify the effectiveness of the sealing of a
component against flux and cleaning solvents during the machine soldering process. The results of this
test may not be represent active for other fluxes; e.g. resin-reduced foam flux, other fluxing and
cleaning methods as prescribed herein.
Part 12-7: 2001 Soldering tests. Test 12g. Solderability. Wetting balance method
This specification defines a standard test method to assess the solderability of the terminations of a
component designed for use with printed boards or other applications using similar soldering techniques.
BS EN 60749
Semiconductor devices. Mechanical and climatic test methods
Part 21: 2011 Solderability
Identical to IEC 60749-21
A standard procedure is established for determining the solderability of device package terminations that
are intended to be joined to another surface using tin-lead (SnPb) or lead-free (Pb-free) solder for the
attachment. This test method provides a procedure for 'dip and look' solderability testing of through
hole, axial and surface mount devices (SMDs) as well as an optional procedure for a board mounting
solderability test for SMDs for the purpose of allowing simulation of the soldering process to be used in
the device application. The test method also provides optional conditions for ageing. This test is
considered destructive unless otherwise detailed in the relevant specification.
BS EN 62137
Surface mount technology. Environmental and endurance test methods
for surface mount solder joint
Part 1-1: 2007 Pull strength test
Identical to IEC 62137-1-1:2007
The test method described is applicable to gull-wing lead surface mounting components. The method is
designed to test and evaluate the endurance of the soldered joint between component leads and lands
on a substrate, by means of a pull type mechanical stress. This test is suitable for evaluating the effects
of repeated temperature change on the strength of the soldered joint between component terminals and
lands on a substrate.
Part 1-2: 2007 Shear strength test
Identical to IEC 62137-1-2: 2007
The test method described is applicable to leadless surface mounting components and surface mounting
connectors to which pull test is not applicable. It is not applicable to multi-lead components and gull-
wing leads. The method is designed to test and evaluate the endurance of the soldered joint between
component terminals and lands on a substrate, by means of a shear type mechanical stress. This test is
applicable to evaluate the effects of repeated temperature change on the strength of the soldered joints
between terminals and lands on a substrate.
Part 1-3: 2009 Cyclic drop test
The test method described applies to soldered joints between terminals of surface mounting devices
(SMDs) and land patterns on printed wiring boards (PWBs). It is intended to evaluate the strength of the
soldered joints of larger sized multi-terminal components and other components in devices (e.g.
handheld mobile devices) in the event that the device is dropped. The properties of the soldered joints
(e.g. solder alloy, substrate, mounted device or design, etc.) are evaluated to assist in improving joint
strength.
Part 1-4: 2009 Cyclic bending test
The test method described applies to surface mount components with a thin and wide basal plane, such
as QFP and BGA. It evaluates the endurance of the soldered joints between component leads and lands
on a substrate by cyclic bending of substrate and also the effects of repeated mechanical stress, such as
key pushing in cell phones, the strength of the soldered joint between component terminals and lands
on a substrate. Evaluation requires the surface mount component to be mounted on the substrate by
reflow soldering, then the substrate is cyclically bent to a certain degree of depth until fracture of the
soldered joints occurs. The properties of the soldered joints (e.g, solder alloy, substrate, mounted device
or design, etc.) are evaluated to assist in improving joint strength.
Part 1-5: 2009 Mechanical shear fatigue test
A method, applying to area array packages such as BGA, is described to test and evaluate the fatigue
life of the soldered joint between component leads and lands on the substrate of surface mounting
connectors. The surface mount component is mounted on the substrate by reflow soldering and cyclic
mechanical shear deformation is applied to the soldered joints until fracture occurs. After a general
introduction, detail is given of test equipment and materials utilising the reflow soldering process and
solder composition in the range Sn, 3-4%Ag, 0.5-1%Cu. Test piece assembly is defined. Shear test
conditions and procedures are set out. Data to be included in test reports and product specifications are
listed.
BS EN ISO 4136: 2011

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Transverse tensile test
The sizes of test specimen and the procedure for carrying out transverse tensile tests in order to
determine the tensile strength and the location of fracture of a welded butt joint are specified. The
standard applies to metallic materials in all forms of product with joints made by any fusion welding
process.
BS EN ISO 5173: 2010 + A1: 2011

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Bend tests
A method for making transverse root, face and side bend tests on test specimens from butt welds, butt
welds with cladding (subdivided into welds in clad plates and clad welds) and cladding without butt
welds, in order to assess ductility and/or absence of imperfections on or near the surface of the test
specimen is specified. Dimensions of the test specimen are given. Also specified is a method for making
longitudinal root and face bend tests for use instead of transverse bend tests for heterogeneous
assemblies when base materials and/or filler metal have a significant difference in their physical and
mechanical properties in relation to bending. The standard applies to metallic materials in all forms of
product with welded joints made by any fusion arc welding process.
BS EN ISO 5178: 2011
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Longitudinal tensile test
on weld metal in fusion welded joints
The sizes of test specimens and the test procedure for carrying out longitudinal tensile tests on
cylindrical test specimens in order to determine the mechanical properties of weld metal in a fusion
welded joint are specified. The standard applies to metallic materials in all forms of product with joints
made by any fusion welding process, having joint sizes that are sufficient to obtain cylindrical test
specimens with dimensions in accordance with ISO 6892.
BS EN ISO 7539
Corrosion of metals and alloys. Stress corrosion testing
Part 8: 2008 Preparation and use of specimens to evaluate weldments
Procedures available for stress corrosion testing of welded specimens are specified and the additional
factors which must be taken into account when conducting tests on welded specimens are examined.
Recommendations are given for the choice of specimens and test procedures to determine the resistance
of a metal to stress corrosion when it is welded.
BS EN ISO 9015
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Hardness testing
Part 1: 2011 Hardness test on arc welded joints
Hardness tests on transverse sections of arc welded joints of metallic materials are specified. The
standard covers Vickers hardness tests in accordance with ISO 6507-1, normally with test loads of 49,03
N or 98,07 N (HV 5 or HV 10). The principles may also be applied to Brinell hardness testing (with
appropriate testing loads of HB 2,5/15,625 or HB 1/2,5) in accordance with ISO 6506-1 and micro
hardness testing in accordance with ISO 6507-1 and ISO 9015-2. Does not apply to test welds in
austenitic stainless steels.
Part 2: 2011 Microhardness testing of welded joints
The standard specifies microhardness tests on transverse sections of welded joints of metallic materials
with high hardness gradients. It covers Vickers hardness tests in accordance with ISO/DIS 6507-1,
normally with test loads of 0,98 N to less than 49 N (HV 0,1 to less than HV 5).
BS EN ISO 9016: 2011

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Impact tests. Test
specimen location, notch orientation and examination
The standard specifies the method to be used when describing test specimen location and notch
orientation for the testing and reporting of impact tests on welded butt joints, and is applicable to impact
tests on metallic materials in all forms of product made by any fusion welding process. It is used in
addition to ISO 148 and includes test specimen denomination and additional reporting requirements.
BS EN ISO 9018: 2003

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - tensile test on cruciform
and lapped joints
Partially supersedes BS 709
This standard specifies the testpiece and specimen dimensions and the procedure for tensile testing to
determine the tensile strength and fracture location of welded joints with transversely stressed fillet
welds in welded cruciform and lap joints in metal plates and other solid sections. Test result evaluation is
not covered. Requirements are given for test procedure including experimental conditions, specimen
preparation, test method and information to appear in the test report. An example of a test report is
given in an annex.
BS EN ISO 10447: 2007

Resistance welding. Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot and
projection welds
The procedure and recommended tooling to be used for testing resistance spot and projection
welds by means of peel and chisel tests is specified. It applies to welds made in two or more
sheets in the thickness range of 0,5 mm to 3,0 mm. The aim of these tests is to determine:
weld size and failure type when the tests are used as destructive tests, and verification of
welds when the tests are used as non-destructive tests.
The previous edition of this standard included seam welds. The preferred method of peel
testing seam welds (mechanised peel testing) is now covered in BS EN ISO 14270.
BS EN ISO 14270: 2001

Specimen dimensions and procedure for mechanised peel testing
resistance spot, seam and embossed projection welds
This standard specifies specimen dimensions and a testing procedure for mechanised peel testing of
single spot, seam and projection welds in overlapping sheets. It is applicable to any metallic material of
thickness 0.5-3 mm, where the welds have a maximum diameter of 7 x sq. root of t (where t is the
sheet thickness in mm). For near-maximum size welds, the peel force value can be underestimated
using the recommended test specimen dimensions. Test specimen dimensions, test equipment, testing
procedures and the information required in a test report are also included.
BS EN ISO 14271: 2011

Vickers hardness testing of resistance spot, projection and seam
welds (low load and microhardness)
This standard describes the procedures for hardness testing of etched cross sections of
resistance spot, projection and seam welds in order to determine Vickers hardness in the low
load or microhardness range of the weld nugget, HAZ and parent metal. It is applicable to
welds made in ferrous and non-ferrous metal sheets with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm. The
standard covers recommended forces for testing resistance welds, test pieces, test
equipment, testing procedures and positions of the indentations, and the information to be
included in the test report.
BS EN ISO 14272: 2001

Specimen dimensions and procedure for cross tension testing resistance
spot and embossed projection welds
This standard specifies the specimen dimensions and a testing procedure for the cross tension testing of
spot and projection welds in overlapping sheets in any metallic material of thickness 0.5-3 mm where
the welds have a maximum diameter of 7 x sq. root of t (where t is the sheet thickness in mm). The
object of the test is to determine the tensile force that the test specimen can sustain. This standard
covers test specimen dimensions, test equipment, testing procedures and the information required in a
test report.
BS EN ISO 14273: 2001

Specimen dimensions and procedure for shear testing resistance
spot, seam and embossed projection welds
This standard specifies the specimen dimensions and a testing procedure for shear testing of
spot, seam and embossed projection welds in overlapping sheets in any metallic material of
thickness 0.5-10 mm where the welds have a maximum diameter of 7 x sq. root of t (where t
is the thickness in mm). For near-maximum size welds, the value of shear strength can be
underestimated when using the recommended test specimen dimensions. The object of the
test is to determine the tensile force that the test specimen can sustain. Test specimen
dimensions, test equipment, testing procedures and the information required in a test report
are also included.
BS EN ISO 14324: 2003

Resistance spot welding. Destructive tests of welds. Method for the
fatigue testing of spot welded joints
This standard specifies test specimens and procedures for fatigue testing spot welds, at ambient
conditions, under repeated tensile loading to produce either shear or cross tension loading of the spot
weld, in steel sheet of thickness 0.5-6 mm. The standard covers requirements for test specimens
(including shape and dimensions, test sheets and specimen fabrication), the testing machine, test
methods (including test rig details, specimen clamping, procedure, test termination and fatigue limit
data determination), analysis and presentation of test results and test report information.
BS EN ISO 14329: 2003

Resistance welding. Destructive tests of welds. Failure types and
geometric measurements for resistance spot, seam and projection
welds
This standard specifies definitions of the geometric measurements and fracture types to be
used in relation to the destructive testing of resistance spot, seam and projection welds in
which different loading configurations cause different stress distributions in the weld. The
aim of establishing these definitions is to provide a common basis for their use in other
related standards. Requirements are divided into two sections: terms and definitions and
symbols, abbreviated terms and units. Illustrative figures are provided.
BS EN ISO 14923: 2003

Thermal spraying. Characterisation and testing of thermally sprayed
coatings
Guidance on tests used for the characterisation of thermally sprayed coatings is given. Details regards
the different types of coatings are not included. Tests listed are procedures and test criteria in general
use - visual examination, surface roughness measurement and impression, crack detection, hardness,
thickness, conductivity, metallographic examination, SEM, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, bond
strength, hardness, wear, thermal shock and corrosion resistance.
BS EN ISO 15653: 2010

Metallic materials. Method of test for the determination of quasistatic
fracture toughess of welds
Supersedes BS 7448-2: 1997
Methods for determining fracture toughness in terms of K (stress intensity factor), d (crack tip opening
displacement, CTOD) and J (experimental equivalent of the J-integral) are specified for welds in metallic
materials. Fatigue precracked specimens are used which have been notched, after welding, in a specific
target area in the weld. The methods are described to evaluate the suitability of a weld for notch
placement within the target area, which is either within the weld metal or within the weld heat-affected
zone (HAZ). The effectiveness of the fatigue crack in sampling these areas is evaluated where
appropriate.
BS EN ISO 17641
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Hot cracking tests for
weldments. Arc welding processes
Part 1: 2004 General
This standard summarises the fundamentals of hot cracking in weld metals and parent alloys. It briefly
describes the tests available for assessing hot cracking in arc welding processes. Types of test are
divided into self-restraint tests (EN ISO 17641-2) and externally loaded tests (EN 1S0 17641-3). These
are further subdivided, self restraint tests covering the T-joint weld cracking, weld metal tensile and
longitudinal bend tests and the externally loaded tests the hot tensile, Varestraint and Transvarestraint
and controlled flat tensile tests. Applications for the tests are summarised in tabular form.
Part 2: 2005 Self-restraint tests
This standard specifies requirements for testpiece design and procedures to be followed to carry out self
restraint hot cracking tests on weldments made by arc welding processes to measure the sensitivity of
weld metals to three types of hot cracking: T-joint weld cracking test, weld metal tensile test and
longitudinal bend test. Details are given of the specific requirements for each test, covering testpiece
preparation, welding and examination and test report.
Part 3: 2005 Externally loaded tests
(PD CEN ISO/TR 17641-3)
This standard specifies backing plate sizes, test piece dimensions and procedures for carrying out
externally loaded hot cracking tests by implant testing to obtain information on hot cracking sensitivity
during welding. It applies primarily, but not exclusively, to carbon, manganese and low alloy steels. It
states criteria for assessing the test characteristics and gives detailed requirements for the implant test,
including materials, specimen dimensions and preparation, welding and test procedures, test piece
examination and test report.
BS EN ISO 17642
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Cold cracking tests for
weldments. Arc welding processes
Part 1: 2004 General
This standard summarises the fundamentals of cold crack formation and the principles of cold cracking
tests that can be used to determine the cold cracking sensitivity of welding consumables, parent
materials and weld metal. Types of test are divided into self-restraint tests (EN ISO 17642-2) and
externally loaded tests (EN ISO 17642-3). These are set out, with their applications, in tabular form, and
further subdivided into self restraint tests covering the CTS, Y-groove (Tekken) and U-groove (Lehigh)
tests and externally loaded tests covering the implant test.
Part 2: 2005 Self-restraint tests
This part specifies requirements for testpiece design and procedures to be followed to carry out self
restraint tests to assess the cold cracking sensitivity of parent materials and welding consumables by the
following tests: CTS (Controlled Thermal Severity) test, Tekken (Y-groove) or Lehigh (U-groove) test.
The standard applies primarily to C-Mn and low alloy steels. Details are given of specific requirements
for each test, covering testpiece preparation, welding, examination and test report.
Part 3: 2005 Externally loaded tests
This standard specifies backing plate sizes, test piece dimensions and procedures for carrying out
externally loaded cold cracking tests by implant testing to obtain information on cold cracking sensitivity
during welding. It applies primarily, but not exclusively, to carbon, manganese and low alloy steels. It
states criteria for assessing the test characteristics and gives detailed requirements for the implant test,
including materials, specimen dimensions and preparation, welding and test procedures, test piece
examination and test report.
BS EN ISO 17654: 2011

Resistance welding. Destructive tests of welds. Pressure test of resistance
seam welds
The pressure test method to be applied to resistance seam welded specimens of different types of
materials with single sheet thicknesses ranging from 0,3 mm to 3,2 mm is specified. The test
determines the suitability of the material, welding equipment, welding parameters and of other factors
on a tank, a vessel or a container for liquids or gases, which are manufactured by resistance seam
welding.
BS EN ISO 18278
Resistance welding. Weldability
Part 1: 2004 Assessment of weldability for resistance spot, seam and projection welding of
metallic materials
This standard gives recommendations for determining the generic weldability for resistance spot, seam
and projection welding of metallic materials. These are applicable to uncoated and coated steels,
stainless steels and nonferrous alloys such as aluminium, titanium, magnesium, nickel and their alloys,
having a single thickness less than or equal to 5 mm. The procedures can be used for weldability
comparison or investigation purposes, equipment response comparison or effects of welding parameters
on weldability. Test conditions are specified.
Part 2: 2004 Alternative procedures for the assessment of sheet steels for spot welding
This standard specifies a test procedure to assess the weldability of uncoated and coated sheet steels of
thicknesses up to 3 mm by determining the acceptable welding current range and electrode life using a
multi-spot test under specific conditions. It applies only to a new type or batch of material.
Requirements are given for test equipment, range of qualification, testpiece characteristics, preliminary
adjustments, welding current range determination, electrode life estimation, specific conditions for steel
sheet, customer qualification and test report.
BS EN ISO 18592: 2009

Resistance welding. Destructive testing of welds. Method for the fatigue
testing of multi-spot welded specimens
Test specimens and procedures for performing constant load amplitude fatigue tests on multi-spot-
welded and multi-axial specimens in the thickness range from 0,5 mm to 5 mm at room temperature
and a relative humidity of max. 80 % are specified. Larger thicknesses can be limited by mechanical
properties such as yield strength and formability of the specimen material. The thickness range for
advanced high strength steels (AHSS) is generally below 3,0 mm. Greater thicknesses apply for
aluminium alloys, for example.
BS ISO 22826: 2005

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Hardness testing of
narrow joints welded by laser and electron beam (Vickers and Knoop
hardness tests)
This standard specifies requirements for hardness testing of transverse sections of narrow laser and
electron beam welded joints in metallic materials. It applies to Vickers and Knoop hardness tests done
according to ISO 6507-1 and ISO 4545 respectively, with test forces 0.098 N to just under 98 N for
Vickers tests and up to 9.8 N for Knoop tests, and outlines general hardness testing procedures and
gives requirements for specimen preparation, test procedures, results and test report. Information is
given on test force selection and on report format for two types of hardness test.
Nondestructive Testing
AWS B1.10M/B1.10: 2009
Guide for the nondestructive examination of welds
A guide to basic principles of NDT and test selection is presented. The problems and limitations of NDT
are described as an introduction. Types of defects, their characteristics, common locations and their
relationships with welding processes have a marked influence on the selection of inspection techniques.
These include: visual inspection, dye penetrant, magnetic particle, radiographic, ultrasonic, eddy current
and leak testing.
AWS B1.11: 2000

Guide for the visual examination of welds
Guidance is given on visual inspection prerequisites (visual acuity, equipment, experience, training,
procedures, certification, safety), fundamentals, weld surface conditions and examination equipment.
Illustrations are provided of weld defects commonly encountered: scattered, aligned, elongated and
piping porosity; incomplete fusion; incomplete joint penetration; undercut; underfill; overlap;
laminations; longitudinal, throat, crater, toe and transverse cracks; slag inclusions; convexity; spatter;
and surface oxidation.
AWS C3.5M/C3.5: 2007

Specification for induction brazing
Minimum joint fabrication and quality requirements are specified for induction brazing of steels, stainless
steels, copper, copper alloys and other heat and corrosion resistant metals. Equipment, consumables,
procedures (for surface preparation, joint gap, application of filler, flux and stop-off, brazing cycle and
post brazing operations) and quality assurance (inspection and NDT) are covered.
AWS C3.6M/C3.6: 2008

Specification for furnace brazing
Minimum joint fabrication and quality requirements are specified for furnace brazing of steels, nickel,
nickel alloys, copper, copper alloys and heat and corrosion resistant alloys. The specification allows
standardisation of furnace brazing requirements for all applications where furnace brazed joints of
assured quality are required. It provides criteria for classifying furnace brazed joints based on loading,
the consequences of failure, and quality assurance criteria defining the limits of acceptability of each
class. The specification defines acceptable furnace brazing equipment, materials and procedures, as well
as the required inspection for each class of joint.
AWS C3.8M/C3.8: 2011

Recommended practice for ultrasonic inspection of brazed joints
This recommended practices presents minimum fabrication, equipment, and process procedure
requirements for the ultrasonic inspection of brazed joints. Its purpose is to standardise brazed joint
ultrasonic inspection requirements for equipment, procedures and documentation of such tests. Sections
comprise: scope; applicable documents; requirements (ultrasonic testing and accessory equipment;
reference standards; required procedures); acceptance criteria; and definition.
AWS C7.3: 1999 (R2003)

Process specification for electron beam welding
This standard addresses processing and quality control requirements for electron beam welding. The
specification covers safety issues (electric shocks, materials, fumes and gases, X-radiation, visible
radiation, vacuum, mechanical systems), requirements (equipment, materials, joint design, pre-weld
and post-weld heat treatments), fabrication, inspection (nondestructive examination, discontinuity
limits, destructive evaluation), equipment calibration and maintenance, approval of work, and delivery of
work (identification, protective treatments and packaging).
BS 1723
Brazing
Part 3: 1988 Methods for nondestructive and destructive testing
Superseded by BS EN 12797 and BS EN 12799
BS 3923
Methods for ultrasonic examination of welds
Part 2: 1972 Automatic examination of fusion welded butt joints in ferritic steels
This standard has been re-declared as obsolescent as it is significantly out of date; it is hoped that a
future European Standard will cover this topic. The document will still be available for reference
Methods for the automatic scanning and recording of imperfections in fusion welded butt joints in ferritic
steels are specified. The procedures apply to all thicknesses of material with limiting parameters: a:
whether the material traversed by the ultrasonic beam is such that the beam can be propagated through
it sufficiently to achieve the agreed sensitivity; b: that with the angles of probe available, the ultrasonic
beam will reflect from the under surface of the material in such a way as to cover the full cross section
of the weld. For curved parts the ability of the beam to reflect from the under surface depends on the
ratio of the outside diameter to the thickness.
BS 5289: 1976 (1983)
Code of practice. Visual inspection of fusion welded joints
Superseded by BS EN 970
BS 6443: 1984
Method for penetrant flaw detection
Superseded by BS EN 571-1
BS 9690
Nondestructive testing. Guided wave testing
Part 1: 2011 General guidance and principles
The general and specific conditions of application and use of guided wave testing, which depend on the
type of object tested, are described.
Part 2: 2011 Basic requirements for guided wave testing of pipes, pipelines and structural
tubulars
The basic requirements for screening pipes and similar tubular objects using the guided wave testing
(GWT) method, including set-up, data collection and basic interpretation of the data are specified.
BS EN 462
Nondestructive testing. Image quality of radiographs
Part 1: 1994 Image quality indicators (wire type). Determination of image quality value
This standard specifies a device and a method for the determination of the image quality of radiographs.
Part 2: 1994 Image quality indicators (step/hole type). Determination of image quality value
This standard specifies a device and a method for the determination of the image quality of radiographs.
Part 3: 1997 Image quality classes for ferrous metals
This standard specifies the minimum image quality values to ensure a uniform radiographic quality. It
applies to the two types of image quality indicator as detailed in EN 462-1 for wire type IQI and EN 462-
2 for step/hole type IQI and for the two techniques described in EN 444. Values are specified for the two
classes of radiographic technique specified in EN 444 and for ferrous metals.
Part 4: 1995 Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables
This standard gives instructions for the determination of image quality values and image quality tables.
Part 5: 1996 Image quality indicators (duplex wire type). Determination of image
unsharpness value
This standard specifies a method of determining the image unsharpness of radiographs and real-time
radioscopic systems.
BS EN 571
Nondestructive testing. Penetrant testing
Part 1: 1997 General principles
Supersedes BS 6443:1984
A method of penetration testing for detecting discontinuities open to the surface of material to be tested
is defined. Aimed at metallic materials, the standard can be used for other material inert to the test
media and not too porous (castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc.). It is not intended for use for
acceptance criteria.
BS EN 583
Nondestructive testing. Ultrasonic examination
General principles required for the ultrasonic examination of industrial products that allow the
transmission of ultrasound are defined.
Part 2: 2001 Sensitivity and range setting
General rules for setting the time base range and sensitivity of a manually operated ultrasonic flaw
detector with A-scan display are specified. The standard is applicable to the use of a single contact probe
with either a single or twin transducers, but excludes the immersion technique and the use of more than
one probe.
Part 3: 1997 Transmission technique
The principles of transmission techniques are specified. Transmission techniques are used for the
detection of imperfections and the determination of attenuation in flat products, and for examinations
where direct reflection is not possible, in materials with high attenuation and for thin products.
Part 4: 2002 Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
The principles of tandem- and LLT1-examination for detecting discontinuities perpendicular to the
surface (planar discontinuities more than 15 mm from the surface) are given. Prepared for examining
metallic materials from 40 mm to 500 mm thick with parallel or concentric surfaces, the standard can be
used for other materials and thicknesses if special precautions are taken.
Part 5: 2001 Characterisation and sizing of discontinuities
Principles and techniques for the sizing and characterisation of detected discontinuities for evaluation
against acceptance criteria are specified.
Part 6: 2008 Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of
discontinuities
Supersedes BS 7706:1993 and DD ENV 583-6:2000
The general principles for the application of the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique for both
detection and sizing of discontinuities in low alloyed carbon steel components are defined. It could also
be used for other types of materials, provided the application of the TOFD technique is performed with
necessary consideration of geometry, acoustical properties of the materials and the sensitivity of the
examination. Although it is applicable, in general terms, to discontinuities in materials and applications
covered by EN 583-1, it contains references to the application on welds.
BS EN 970: 1997
Nondestructive examination of fusion welds. Visual examination
Superseded by BS EN ISO 17637; supersedes BS 5289:1976 (1983)
BS EN 1290: 1998
Nondestructive examination of welds. Magnetic particle examination of welds
BS EN 1593: 1999
Nondestructive testing. Leak testing. Bubble emission techniques
Procedures are described for the detection and location of leaks by the bubble emission techniques. The
sensitivity depends on techniques and materials used. Two techniques are described: a) immersion
technique (quantitative measurements can be made using this procedure with particular devices); b)
liquid application technique. This standard can be used for equipment which can be evacuated or
pressurised.
BS EN 1714: 1998
Non destructive testing of welded joints. Ultrasonic testing of welded joints
Superseded by BS EN ISO 17640; supersedes BS 3923-1: 1986
BS EN 1779: 1999
Nondestructive testing. Leak testing. Criteria for method and technique
selection
This standard describes criteria for the selection of the most suitable method and technique for the
assessment of leak tightness by indication or measurement of a gas leakage. Annex A, normative, allows
a comparison of standard test methods.
BS EN 12062: 1998
Nondestructive examination of welds. General rules for metallic materials
BS EN 12084: 2001
Nondestructive testing. Eddy current testing. General principles and guidelines
BS EN 12517
Nondestructive testing of welds
Part 1: 2006 Evaluation of welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys by
radiography. Acceptance levels
This standard specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in welds detected by
radiography. Acceptance levels are specified for cracks, crater cracks, porosity, wormholes, solid and
metallic inclusions and elongated cavities, copper inclusions, lack of fusion, lack of penetration,
undercut, excessive penetration, local protrusion, and stray flash and spatter.
Part 2: 2008 Evaluation of welded joints in aluminium and its alloys by radiography.
Acceptance levels
Acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in aluminium butt welds detected by radiographic
testing are specified. The acceptance levels may be related to welding standards, application standards,
specifications or codes. During assessment for a weld quality level, the sizes of imperfections permitted
by standards are compared with the dimensions of indications revealed by a radiograph made of the
weld in accordance with EN 1435.
BS EN 12799: 2000
Brazing. Nondestructive examination of brazed joints
With BS EN 12797 supersedes BS 1723-3:1988
This standard describes testing procedures and test pieces required for the nondestructive testing of
brazed joints. The nondestructive examination methods described are: visual examination, ultrasonic
examination, radiographic examination, penetrant detection, leak testing, proof testing and
thermography. For each method, details are given of personnel qualifications, equipment, acceptance
guidelines and test results and information to be reported. Imperfections in brazed joints are described
in Annex A.
BS EN 13018: 2001
Nondestructive testing. Visual testing. General principles
This standard specifies the general principles for visual testing both directly and remotely when it is used
to determine the compliance of a product with specified requirements (e.g. surface condition of the part,
alignment of mating surfaces, shape of part).
BS EN 13068
Nondestructive testing. Radioscopic testing
Part 1: 2000 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
The procedures in this standard can be applied to all radioscopic systems that can provide electronic
signals to a display unit or automated image interpretation system, and can be analysed for well defined
test specimen responses. The specifications of the imaging system regarding image properties can be
derived from the results.
Part 2: 2000 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
Guidance is given for the on-site checking of equipment for radioscopy where the image is presented on
a display unit, including image processing where the radiation source may be X-rays or gamma rays.
Rules for testing a radioscopic system are established to assure a constant level of inspection quality,
based on input signals from defined image quality indicators.
Part 3: 2001 General principles of radioscopic testing of metallic materials by x- and gamma
rays
This standard specifies general rules for industrial X- and gamma-radioscopy for flaw detection in
metallic materials, using radioscopic techniques. The aim is to permit repeatable results to be obtained
economically.
BS EN 13100
Nondestructive testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products
Part 1: 2000 Visual examination
Part 2: 2004 X-ray radiographic testing
Part 3: 2004 Ultrasonic testing
BS EN 13184: 2001
Nondestructive testing. Leak testing. Pressure change method
The techniques for the determination of the leakage rates across the boundary of an isolated object,
subjected to a pressure difference, are described. The techniques are based on the evaluation of the
change of the mass of gas within the test object.
BS EN 13185: 2001
Nondestructive testing. Leak testing. Tracer gas method
This standard describes the techniques to be applied for the detection of a leak, using a tracer gas and a
tracer gas specific leak detector.
BS EN 13192: 2002
Nondestructive testing. Leak testing. Calibration of reference leaks for
gases
The standard specifies calibration of leaks used for the adjustment of leak detectors to determine
leakage rate in everyday use by comparison with a standard leak in. The procedures are applicable to a
helium leak to enable test gas to be selectively measured by a mass spectrometer leak detector (MSLD).
This enables leaks to become traceable to a primary standard as required by the ISO 9000 series of
standards.
BS EN 13445
Unfired pressure vessels
The inspection and testing of individual and serially produced pressure vessels made of steels in
accordance with Part 2 is specified. Tables are presented of the extent of nondestructive testing (NDT)
for various types of welds and of the various NDT methods and associated techniques, characterisation
and acceptance criteria. The selection of NDT methods for detection of internal flaws in full penetration
joints is presented. Destructive tests are also covered.
BS EN 13480
Metallic and industrial piping
Requirements for inspection and testing of industrial piping of the types listed in Part 1, as performed on
individual spools or piping systems and supports, designed in accordance with Part 3 (see FAQ on
welding process and procedures standards), are listed.
BS EN 13554: 2011
Nondestructive testing. Acoustic emission. General principles
Requirements for the acoustic emission testing of industrial structures, components and different
materials under stress and for harsh environments are given. Guidelines for the preparation of
application documents describing specific requirements are included.
BS EN 13925
Nondestructive testing. X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and
amorphous materials
This standard specifies the general principles of X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous
materials. This materials testing method has traditionally been referred to as X-ray Powder Diffraction
(XRPD), and is now applied to powders, bulk materials, thin film, and others. As the method can be used
for various types of materials and to obtain a large variety of information, this standard reviews a large
number of types of analysis but remains non-exhaustive.
Part 2: 2003 Procedures
This standard specifies the basic procedures applied in the X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) method.
Many of these procedures are common to most types of diffractometer used and types of analysis
mentioned in EN 13925-1. In the interests of clarity and immediate usability more details are given for
procedures using instruments with Bragg-Brentano geometry and application to phase identification.
Aspects of specimen preparation and data quality assessment are included, but the standard remains
non-exhaustive.
BS EN 14784
Nondestructive testing. Industrial computed radiography with storage
phosphor imaging plates
Part 2: 2005 General principles for testing of metallic materials using X-rays and gamma rays
Fundamental techniques of computed radiography with the aim of enabling satisfactory and repeatable
results to be obtained economically are specified. The techniques are based on the fundamental theory
of the subject and tests measurements. This document specifies the general rules for industrial
computed X and gamma radiography for flaw detection purposes, using storage phosphor imaging plates
(IP). It is based on the general principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials on the basis
of films (EN 444 and ISO 5579). The basic set-up of radiation source, detector and the corresponding
geometry shall be applied in agreement with EN 444 and ISO 5579 and the corresponding product
standards as e.g. EN 1435 for welding and EN 12681 for foundry.
BS EN 15085
Railway applications. Welding of railway vehicles and components
Part 5: 2007 Inspection, testing and documentation.
Inspections and testing to be executed on the welds; destructive and nondestructive tests to be
performed; and necessary product conformity documentation are specified.
BS EN 15305: 2008 Nondestructive testing. Test method for residual

stress analysis by X-ray diffraction
The test method for the determination of macroscopic residual or applied stresses non-destructively by
X-ray diffraction analysis in the near-surface region of a polycrystalline specimen or component is
described.
BS EN 15495: 2007
Nondestructive testing. Acoustic emission. Examination of metallic
pressure equipment during proof testing. Zone location of AE sources
The methods for conducting an acoustic emission (AE) examination of metallic pressure equipment
during acceptance pressure testing using a zone location procedure are specified.
BS EN 15617: 2009
Nondestructive testing of welds. Time-of-flight diffraction technique
(TOFD). Acceptance levels
Acceptance levels for the time-of-flight diffraction technique (TOFD) of full penetration welds in ferritic
steels from 6 mm up to 300 mm thickness which correspond to the quality levels of EN ISO 5817 are
specified. These acceptance levels are applicable to indications classified in accordance with CEN/TS
14751.
BS EN 61391
Ultrasonics. Pulse-echo scanners
Part 2: 2010 Measurement of maximum depth of penetration and local dynamic range
Terms are defined and methods specified for measuring the maximum depth of penetration and the local
dynamic range of real-time ultrasound B-MODE scanners. The types of transducers used with these
scanners include: mechanical probes; electronic phased arrays; linear arrays; curved arrays; two-
dimensional arrays; and three-dimensional scanning probes based on a combination of the above types.
All scanners considered are based on pulse-echo techniques. The test methodology is applicable for
transducers operating in the 1 MHz to 15 MHz frequency range operating both in fundamental mode and
in harmonic modes that extend to 15 MHz. The testing of harmonic modes above 15 MHz is not included.
BS EN ISO 3059: 2001

Nondestructive testing. Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing.
Viewing conditions
This standard describes the control of the viewing conditions for magnetic particle and penetrant testing
and includes minimum requirements for illuminance and UV-A irradiance and their measurement. It is
intended for use when the human eye is the primary detection aid.
BS EN ISO 3452
Non-destructive testing. Penetrant testing
Part 5: 2008 Penetrant testing at temperatures higher than 50°C
Testing requirements particular to applications at higher temperatures (over 50°C) and also the method
for qualification of suitable testing products are specified. It applies only to materials qualified for the
relevant temperature range used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Part 6: 2008 Penetrant testing at temperatures lower than 10°C
Testing requirements particular to applications at low temperatures (lower than + 10°C) as well as the
method for qualification of suitable testing products are specified. It applies only to materials qualified
for the relevant temperature range used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
BS EN ISO 8501
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products. Visual assessment of surface cleanliness
Part 3: 2007 Preparation grades of welds, edges and other areas with surface imperfections
Supersedes BS 7079-A3:2002
The preparation grades of welds, edges and other areas, on steel surfaces with imperfections are
described. Such imperfections can become visible before and/or after an abrasive blast-cleaning process.
The preparation grades given are to make steel surfaces with imperfections, including welded and
fabricated surfaces, suitable for the application of paints and related products.
BS EN ISO 9934
Nondestructive testing. Magnetic particle testing
General principles for the magnetic particle testing of ferromagnetic materials are specified, including
surface preparation, magnetisation techniques, requirements and applications of the detection media
and recording and interpretation of the results.
BS EN ISO 10863: 2011

Nondestructive testing of welds. Ultrasonic testing. Use of time-of-flight
diffraction technique (TOFD)
Supersedes DD CEN/TS 14751:2004
The application of the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique for the semi-, or fully automated
ultrasonic testing of fusion welded joints in metallic materials equal to and above 6 mm thickness is
specified. The standard is primarily intended for use on full penetration welded joints of simple geometry
in plates, pipes, and vessels, where both the weld and parent material are low alloyed carbon steel.
Where specified and appropriate, TOFD may also be used on other types of materials that exhibit low
ultrasonic attenuation (especially that due to scatter). Reference is made to EN 583-6 and guidance is
given on the specific capabilities and limitations of TOFD for the detection, location, sizing and
characterisation of discontinuities in fusion welded joints. TOFD may be used as a stand-alone method or
in combination with other NDT methods or techniques, both for manufacturing inspection (pre-service)
and for in-service inspection. Four examination levels are specified (A, B, C, D) corresponding to an
increasing level of inspection reliability. Guidance on the selection of examination levels is provided.
Assessment of indications for acceptance purposes is permitted. This assessment is based on the
evaluation of transmitted, reflected and diffracted ultrasonic signals within a generated TOFD image.
This document does not include acceptance levels for discontinuities.
BS EN ISO 10893
Nondestructive testing of steel tubes
Part 6: 2011 Radiographic testing of the weld seam of welded steel tubes for the detection of
imperfections
Supersedes BS EN 10246-10:2000
Requirements are specified for film-based radiographic X-ray testing of the longitudinal or helical weld
seams of automated fusion arc welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections. It may also be
used for the testing of circular hollow sections.
Part 7: 2011 Digital radiographic testing of the weld seam of welded steel tubes for the
detection of imperfections
Requirements are specified for digital radiographic X-ray testing by either computed radiography (CR) or
radiography with digital detector arrays (DDA) of the longitudinal or helical weld seams of automatic
fusion arc welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections. Acceptance levels and calibration
procedures are given. The standard may also be used for the testing of circular hollow sections.
Part 11: 2011 Automated ultrasonic testing of the weld seam of welded steel tubes for the
detection of longitudinal and/or transverse imperfections
Supersedes BS EN 10246-8, -9:2000

Requirements are specified for the automated ultrasonic shear wave (generated by conventional or
phased array technique) testing of the weld seam of submerged arc welded (SAW) or electric resistance
and induction welded (EW) steel tubes. For SAW tubes, the test covers the detection of imperfections
oriented predominantly parallel to or, by agreement, perpendicular to the weld seam or both. For EW
tubes, the test covers the detection of imperfections oriented predominantly parallel to the weld seam.
The standard can also be used for the testing of circular hollow sections.
BS EN ISO 14923: 2003

Thermal spraying. Characterisation and testing of thermally sprayed
coatings
Guidance on tests used for the characterisation of thermally sprayed coatings is given. Details regards
the different types of coatings are not included. Tests listed are procedures and test criteria in general
use - visual examination, surface roughness measurement and impression, crack detection, hardness,
thickness, conductivity, metallographic examination, SEM, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, bond
strength, hardness, wear, thermal shock and corrosion resistance.
BS EN ISO 15549: 2010

Nondestructive testing. Eddy current testing. General principles
General principles to be applied to non-destructive eddy current examination of products and materials
in order to ensure defined and repeatable performance are given. The standard includes guidelines for
the preparation of application documents which describe the specific requirements for the application of
the eddy current method to a particular type of product.
BS EN ISO 17635: 2010

Nondestructive testing of welds. General rules for metallic materials
Guidelines for the choice of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for welds and evaluation of the
results for quality control purposes, based on quality requirements, material, weld thickness, welding
process, and extent of testing are presented. General rules and standards to be applied to the different
types of testing, for either the methodology or the acceptance level for metallic materials are also
specified.
BS EN ISO 17637: 2011

Nondestructive testing of welds. Visual testing of fusion-welded joints
The standard details the visual testing of fusion welds in metallic materials. It may also be applied to
visual testing of the joint prior to welding. Test conditions, personnel qualification, and data recording
are also specified.
BS EN ISO 17638: 2009

Non-destructive testing of welds. Magnetic particle testing
Techniques for detection of surface imperfections in welds in ferromagnetic materials, including the heat
affected zones, by means of magnetic particle testing are specified. The techniques are suitable for most
welding processes and joint configurations. Variations in the basic techniques that will provide a higher
or lower test sensitivity, are described in Annex A.
BS EN ISO 17640: 2010

Nondestructive testing of welds. Ultrasonic testing. Techniques, testing
levels, and assessment
Techniques for the manual ultrasonic testing of fusion-welded joints in metallic materials of thickness
greater than or equal to 8 mm which exhibit low ultrasonic attenuation (especially that due to scatter) at
object temperatures from 0 °C to 60 °C are specified. It is primarily intended for use on full penetration
welded joints where both the welded and parent material are ferritic.
BS EN ISO 22825: 2006

Nondestructive testing of welds. Ultrasonic testing. Testing of welds in
austenitic steels and nickel-based alloys
The approach to be followed when developing procedures for the ultrasonic testing of the following
welds: welds in austenitic stainless steels; welds in nickel-based alloys; welds in duplex steels; dissimilar
metal welds are specified. The purposes of the testing can be very different, e.g.: for the assessment of
quality level (manufacturing); for the detection of specific indications induced in service. Acceptance
levels are not included; requirements are applicable to both manual and mechanised testing.
BS ISO 24497
Part 2: 2007 General requirements
General requirements for the application of the method of metal magnetic memory of components,
units, equipment, and structures for various application purposes are specified.
Part 3: 2007 Inspection of welded joints
General requirements for the application of the metal magnetic memory inspection method as a
nondestructive testing method for quality assurance of welded joints of pressurized components are
specified. The method may be applied to welded joints in any type of products, pipelines, vessels,
equipment, and metal constructions, as agreed with the purchaser.
DD CEN/TS 14751: 2004

Welding. Use of time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) for examination of welds
Superseded by BS EN ISO 10863:2011
DD CEN/TS 15053: 2005

Nodnestructive testing. Recommendations for discontinuities-types in test
specimens for examination
Discontinuities-types to be exhibited in test specimens for use in practical Non Destructive Testing
examinations are considered and defined. According to EN 473:2000, Clause 7.1.3.3, the discontinuities
contained in the test specimens may be natural, artificial or implanted. Acoustic Emission Testing,
Infrared Thermography Testing and Leak Testing need not define discontinuity type, due to their specific
approach (e.g. replaced in AT by artificial sources). The range of welded test specimens held by the
examination centre may include the following characteristics: plate butt welds; pipes and tubes; joints;
nozzle welds; and weld build-ups.
ISO 3452
PD CEN/TR 15135: 2005

Welding. Design and nondestructive testing of welds
An information document providing guidance on the design and evaluation of various welded joint types
and geometrical configurations subject to nondestructive testing (NDT). Test methods covered are:
visual, ultrasonic, radiographic, magnetic particle and penetrant testing. Illustrations of the general NDT
evaluation of welded joints are given in tabular form, indicating the suitability of the test methods for
different types of welded joints. A second table shows the evaluation of more specific examples.
Nondestructive Testing Equipment and Media

AWS A4.2M: 2006
Standard procedures for calibrating magnetic instruments to measure the
delta ferrite content of austenitic and duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless
steel weld metal
ISO 8249:2000 modified
Calibration procedures are specified for a number of commercial instruments that can then provide
reproducible measurements of the ferrite content of austenitic stainless steel weld metals. Certain of
these instruments can be further calibrated for measurements of the ferrite content of duplex ferritic-
austenitic stainless steel weld metals. Calibration with primary standards (nonmagnetic coating
thickness standards from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology) is the preferred
method for appropriate instruments. Alternatively, these and other instruments can be calibrated with
weld-metal-like secondary standards. Reproducibility of measurement after calibration is specified.
Problems associated with accurate determination of ferrite content are described.
BS EN 584
Nondestructive testing. Industrial radiographic film
Part 1: 2006 Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
Superseded by BS EN ISO 11699-1:2011
Part 2: 1997 Control of film processing by means of reference values
A procedure for the control of the film processing systems by users by processing calibrated pre-exposed
strips is described.
BS EN 1518: 1998
Nondestructive testing. Leak testing. Characterisation of mass
spectrometer leak detectors
Terms and procedures are specified for the characterisation of mass spectrometer leak detectors
(MSLD). It is not intended to give a complete set of specifications for an acceptance test but a
description of procedures that can be used without particular calibration equipment. The methods
described in this standard are applicable without restrictions to helium as the tracer gas. For other
gases, additional precautions may be necessary.
BS EN 12223: 2000
Nondestructive testing. Ultrasonic examination. Specification for
calibration block No.1
Requirements for the dimensions, materials and manufacture of a steel block for the calibration of
ultrasonic flaw detection and inspection equipment used in manual testing are specified.
BS EN 12543
Nondestructive testing. Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray
systems for use in nondestructive testing
Part 1: 1999 Scanning method
The measurement of focal spot dimensions of industrial X-ray systems up to and including 500 kV tube
voltage is specified. A method of direct mechanical scanning of focal spots above 0.1 mm with a highly
collimated receiver is described.
Part 2: 2008 Pinhole camera radiographic method
A method for the measurement of focal spot dimensions above 0.2 mm of X-ray systems up to and
including 500 kV tube voltage by means of the pinhole camera radiographic method is specified. The
voltage applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV.
Part 3: 1999 Slit camera radiographic method
A method for the measurement of focal spot dimensions above 0.1 mm of X-ray systems up to and
including 500 kV tube voltage by means of the slit camera radiographic method is specified. The voltage
applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV.
Part 4: 1999 Edge method
The checking of focal spot dimensions above 0.5 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 500 kV tube
voltage by means of radiographs of sharp edges is specified.
Part 5: 1999 Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-ray tubes
A method for the measurement of focal spot dimensions within the range of 5 - 300 microns of X-ray
systems up to and including 225 kV tube voltage by means of radiographs of sharp edges is specified.
BS EN 12544
Nondestructive testing. Measurement and evaluation of the X-ray tube
voltage
Part 1: 1999 Voltage divider method
A method for the direct and absolute measurement of the average high voltage of constant potential
(DC) X-ray systems on the secondary side of the high voltage generator is specified.
Part 2: 2000 Constancy check by the thick filter method
A constancy check of an X-ray system where mainly the X-ray voltage is checked and also the tube
current and the constitution of the target, which can be changing due to tube ageing, is specified.
Part 3: 1999 Spectrometric method
The test method for non-invasive measurement of X-ray tube voltages using the energy spectrum of X-
rays is specified (10 kV to 500 kV).
BS EN 12668
Nondestructive testing. Characterisation and verification of ultrasonic
examination equipment
Part 1: 2010 Instruments
Methods and acceptance criteria for assessing the electrical performance of analogue and digital
ultrasonic instruments for pulse operation using A-scan display, employed for manual ultrasonic
nondestructive examination with single or twin transducer probes operating within the centre frequency
range 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz are specified. Ultrasonic instruments for continuous waves are not included in
this standard. The standard may partly apply to ultrasonic instruments in automatic systems but then
other tests may be needed to ensure satisfactory performance.
Part 2: 2010 Probes
This standard covers probes used for ultrasonic non-destructive examination in the following categories
with centre frequencies in the range 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, focusing and without focusing means: a) single
or dual transducer contact probes generating compressional or shear waves ; b) immersion probes.
Where material dependent ultrasonic values are specified in this standard they are based on steels
having an ultrasonic sound velocity of (5 920 ± 50) m/s for longitudinal waves, and (3 255 ± 30) m/s
for transverse waves.
Part 3: 2000 Combined equipment
This standard describes methods and acceptance criteria for verifying the performance of ultrasonic
equipment (i.e. instrument and probe combined as defined in Parts 1 and 2 of the standard) by the use
of appropriate standard calibration blocks. These methods are not intended to prove the suitability of the
equipment for particular applications. Those described are suitable for the use by operators working
under site or shop floor conditions and only apply to pulse echo equipment using A-scan presentation,
with gain controls or attenuators calibrated in steps not greater than 2 dB, used essentially in contact
testing. These methods are specifically intended for manual testing equipment. For automated testing
different tests can be needed to ensure satisfactory performance.
BS EN 12679: 2000
Nondestructive testing. Determination of the size of industrial
radiographic sources. Radiographic method
This standard specifies the determination of the size of gamma radiographic sources of 0,5 mm or
greater, made from the radionuclides Iridium 192, Ytterbium 169, Selenium 75, or Cobalt 60, by a
method of radiography with X-rays.
BS EN 13068
Nondestructive testing. Radioscopic testing
Part 1: 2000 Quantitative measurement of imaging properties
The radioscopic system is analysed for the response to a well defined test specimen. Applicable to all
systems providing an electronic signal to a display unit or an automated image interpretation signal.
Part 2: 2000 Check of long term stability of imaging devices
Guidance is given on the on-site check of equipment for radioscopy where the image is presented on a
display unit including image processing. Applicable to X-ray or gamma radiation sources.
BS EN 13477
Nondestructive testing. Acoustic emission. Equipment characterisation
Part 1: 2001 Equipment description
The main components that constitute an acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system are described. The
system comprises detection, signal conditioning, signal measurement, analysis and output of results.
Part 2: 2010 Verification of operating characteristic
Methods for routine verification of the performance of AE equipment comprising one or more sensing
channels are specified.
BS EN 13625: 2002
Nondestructive testing. Leak test. Guide to the selection of
instrumentation for the measurement of gas leakage
This standard specifies criteria for the selection of equipment for the leak detection methods described in
EN 1779. The minimum requirements for the performance of the instruments used are also given as a
guideline for personnel involved in testing. The definite selection of an instrument for a given test is
within the responsibility of a qualified operator (at minimum level 2 qualification(EN 473)).
BS EN 13860
Nondestructive testing. Eddy current examination. Equipment characteristics and verification
Part 1: 2003 Instrument characteristics and verification
Part 2: 2003 Probe characteristics and verification
Part 3: 2003 System characteristics and verification
BS EN 13925
Nondestructive testing. X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and
amorphous materials
Part 3: 2005 Instruments
This document sets out the characteristics of instruments used for X-ray powder diffraction as a basis for
their control and hence quality assurance of the measurements made by this technique. Performance
testing indicators are given for diffractometer performance testing. Different types and makes of X-ray
powder diffractometer vary considerably in their design and intended fields of application. This document
attempts to cover as much of this range as possible by keeping to common principles. To make the
standard more readily applicable, the Bragg-Brentano configuration is addressed in most detail because
of its wide use. Additional considerations and adaptations may be necessary to cover some types of
instruments or configuration and some fields of application. Some of these types of instrument are
described in Annex B.
BS EN 13927: 2003
Nondestructive testing. Visual testing. Equipment
Equipment which is used in visual testing is classified according to the visual testing technique (direct or
remote as described in EN 13018). Further outlines are given in an informative annex.
BS EN 14096
Nondestructive testing. Qualification of radiographic film digitisation
systems
Part 1: 2003 Definitions, quantitative measurement of image quality parameters, standard
reference film and qualitative control
Radiographic film systems are used for industrial inspection by X- and gamma rays. To apply modern
means of computer support for analysis, transmission and storage the information stored in the
radiographic film should be converted into digital data (digitisation). This standard defines minimum
requirements to ensure that the relevant information for evaluation of the digital data is preserved
during the film digitisation process.
Part 2: 2003 Minimum requirements
This standard specifies three film-digitisation quality classes for the requirements of nondestructive
testing. The selected class depends on the radiation energy, penetrated material thickness and the
quality level of the original radiographic film.
BS EN 14784
phosphor imaging plates
Part 1: 2005 Classification of systems
Fundamental parameters of computed radiography systems are specified with the aim of enabling
satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based both on
fundamental theory and test measurements. This document specifies the performance of computed
radiography (CR) systems and the measurement of the corresponding parameters for the system
scanner and storage phosphor imaging plate (IP). It describes the classification of these systems in
combination with specified metal screens for industrial radiography. It is intended to ensure that the
quality of images - as far as this is influenced by the scanner-IP system - is in conformity with the
requirements of Part 2 of this document. The document relates to the requirements of film radiography
defined in EN 584-1 and ISO 11699-1.
BS EN 25580: 1992
Specification for minimum requirements for industrial radiographic
illuminators for nondestructive testing
This standard specifies the minimum requirements for industrial illuminators used for viewing
radiographs.
BS EN 61391
Ultrasonics. Pulse-echo scanners
Part 1: 2006 Techniques for calibrating spatial measurement systems and measurement of
system point-spread function response
Methods of calibrating the spatial measurement facilities and point-spread function of ultrasonic imaging
equipment in the ultrasonic frequency range 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz are described. The standard is relevant
for ultrasonic scanners based on the pulse-echo principle, namely mechanical sector scanners; electronic
phased-array sector scanners; electronic linear-array scanners; electronic curved-array sector scanners;
water-bath scanners based on any of the above four scanning mechanisms; and 3D-volume
reconstruction systems.
BS EN ISO 3452
Part 2: 2006 Testing of penetrant materials
The technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch
testing are specified. It also details on site testing requirements and methods.
Part 3: 1999 Reference test blocks
Two types of reference blocks are described: Type 1 reference blocks are used to determine the
sensitivity levels of both fluorescent and colour contrast penetrant product families; Type 2 reference
blocks are used for routine assessment of the performance of both fluorescent and colour contrast
penetrant facilities and part-used containers. The reference blocks are used in the same conditions as
the pieces to be tested according to EN 571-1.
Part 4: 1999 Equipment
This standard specifies the characteristics of equipment used in penetrant testing. The characteristics of
equipment required for carrying out penetrant testing depend on the number of tests to be made and on
the size of the components to be tested. Two types of equipment are included in this standard: a)
equipment suitable for carrying out in situ penetrant testing techniques; b) fixed installations.
BS EN ISO 7963: 2010

Nondestructive testing. Ultrasonic testing. Specification for calibration
block number 2
The dimensions, material, manufacture and methods of use for calibration block No. 2 for calibrating and
checking ultrasonic testing equipment are defined.
BS EN ISO 9934
Nondestructive testing. Magnetic particle testing
Part 2: 2002 Detection media
The significant properties of magnetic particle testing products (including magnetic ink, powder, carrier
liquid, contrast aid paints) and the methods for checking their properties are specified.
Part 3: 2002 Equipment
Three types of equipment for magnetic particle testing are described - portable or transportable
equipment, fixed installations, and specialized testing systems for testing components on a continuous
basis, comprising a series of processing stations placed in sequence to form a process line. Equipment
for magnetizing, demagnetizing, illumination, metering and monitoring are also described. The
properties to be provided by the equipment supplier, minimum requirements for application and the
method of measuring certain parameters are specified. Where appropriate, measuring and calibration
requirements and in-service checks are also specified.
BS EN ISO 11699
The performance of film systems is established. The standard classifies film systems in combination with
specified lead screens for industrial radiography (nondestructive testing) and is intended to assure that
the image quality of radiographs as far as this is influenced by the film system is in conformity with the
requirements of current European Standards. Films used with fluorescent intensifying screens are not
included. The measurement of film systems is restricted to a selected radiation quality to simplify the
procedure. The properties of films will change with radiation energy but not the ranking of film system
quality.
BS EN ISO 15548
Nondestructive testing. Equipment for eddy current examination
Part 1: 2008 Instrument characteristics and verification
The functional characteristics of a general-purpose eddy current instrument are identified and methods
for their measurement and verification are provided.
Part 2: 2008 Probe characteristics and verification
The functional characteristics of a probe and its interconnecting elements are identified and methods for
their measurement and verification are provided.
Part 3: 2008 System characteristics and verification
The functional characteristics of a general-purpose eddy current system are identified and methods for
their measurement and verification are provided.
BS ISO 3058: 1998

Nondestructive testing. Aids to visual inspection. Selection of low power
magnifiers
This standard specifies the characteristics of the following types of low-power magnifiers and gives
recommendations for their selection for the inspection of surfaces. Single-element magnifiers of
magnification typically up to × 4 (Type A); multi-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to ×
10 (Type B); twin-system magnifiers of magnification typically up to × 15 (Type C), categorized as
follows: a) binocular, normally with a long working distance (Type C.1), b) bi-ocular1), including those
refined with stops or other attachments, for quasi-stereoscopic vision (Type C.2); concave-mirror
magnifiers with front-surface reflectors in powers typically up to × 6 (Type D).
BS ISO 24497
Part 2: 2007 General requirements
General requirements for the application of the method of metal magnetic memory of components,
units, equipment, and structures for various application purposes are specified.
ISO 11699
Part 2: 1998 Control of film processing by means of reference values

ISO/TR 16060: 2003
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Etchants for macroscopic
and microscopic examination
ISO 16371-1: 2011
phosphor imaging plates. Classification of system
PD 6513: 1985
Magnetic particle flaw detection. A guide to the principles and practice of
applying magnetic particle flaw detection in accordance with BS 6072
The standard covers the selection of test equipment and consumables for flaw detection, specimen
preparation, surface treatment and magnetisation.
PD CEN/TR 15134: 2005

Nondestructive testing. Automated ultrasonic examination. Selection and
applications of systems
Stationary and mobile automatic ultrasonic test systems are discussed, as used for pre-service testing
(testing during manufacture) and in-service testing (testing after manufacture, including regular safety
assurance testing). The information in this Technical Report covers all tests and testing on all component
parts or complete manufactured systems for either correctness of geometry, material properties (quality
or defects) and fabrication methodology (e.g. welds).

Standard Pengujian Las

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Standards commonly used in the UK joining industry:

ISO 11484: 2009

PD CEN/TR 15589: 2007

PD CEN ISO/TR 25107: 2006

Quality and Terminology

See Adhesives and Plastics Standards FAQ

Part 2: 1998 Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods

Part 3: 1997 Terms used in industrial radiographic testing

Part 4: 2010 Terms used in ultrasonic testing

Part 5: 1998 Terms used in eddy current testing

Superseded by BS EN 12718: 2008

Part 7: 2005 Terms used in magnetic particle testing

Part 8: 1998 Terms used in leak testing

Part 9: 2009 Terms used in acoustic emission

Part 10: 2003 Terms used in visual testing

See Adhesives and Plastics Standards FAQ

Identical to IEC 61191-6: 2010

Part 2: 2005 Comprehensive quality requirements

Part 3: 2005 Standard quality requirements

Part 4: 2005 Elementary quality requirements

Part 6: 2007 Guidelines on implementing BS ISO 3834-1

(PD CEN ISO/TR 3834-6: 2007)

BS EN ISO 5817: 2007

Part 2: 2002 Welding with pressure

BS EN ISO 9013: 2002

BS EN ISO 10042: 2005

BS EN ISO 11666: 2010

BS EN ISO 12706: 2009

BS EN ISO 12718: 2008

Part 2: 2001 Aluminium and its weldable alloys

BS EN ISO 14731: 2006

BS EN ISO 17663: 2009

BS EN ISO 18279: 2003

BS EN ISO 23277: 2009

BS EN ISO 23278: 2009

BS EN ISO 23279: 2010

The characterisation of embedded indications by classifying them as planar or non-planar is specified.

Part 2: 2010 Aluminium and its alloys

ISO 15626: 2011

See also BS EN 462-1

Part 2: 2004 Image quality classes for ferrous metals

See also BS EN 462-3

See also BS EN 462-2

See also BS EN 462-4

See also BS EN 462-5

AWS C3.2M/C3.2: 2008

AWS C7.3: 1999 (R2003)

AWS D8.9M: 2002 (SAE D8.9M)

Part 2: 1997 Microhardness testing on welded joints

See Adhesives and Plastics Standards FAQ

Identical to IEC 60068-2-20; supersedes BS 2011-2.1T:1981, which remains current

Identical to IEC 60068-2-58

Identical to IEC 60068-2-69

Identical to IEC 60068-2-83

Identical to IEC 60152-12-1

Identical to IEC 60512-12-2

Part 12-3: 2006 Soldering tests. Test 12c. Solderability. Dewetting

Identical to IEC 60512-12-3

Identical to IEC 60512-12-4

Identical to IEC 60512-12-5

Identical to IEC 60512-12-6

Identical to IEC 60512-12-7

Identical to IEC 60749-21