“BSNL OFFICE”

An Industrial Training Report

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of requirements for the Award of
Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science &
Engineering

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,

BHOPAL (M.P)
SESSION: 2018-2019

SUBMIITED BY

ABHISHEK MISHRA

(0158CS151005)

Under the guidance of

Prof. RAKESH TIWARI

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

RADHARAMAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BHOPAL (M.P.)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to BHARAT SANCHAR

NIGAM,TT NAGAR BHOPAL (M.P) for having provided me with an
unbelievable practical learning experience during summer training.
It was indeed a pleasure to be a part of such organisation.

I express my satisfaction on the completion of this

project report submission as a part of the curriculum for the degree of
bachelor of technology, COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING. I
express my deepest gratitude to my SUB DIVISIO ENGINEER,
AREA TELECOM BHOPAL,(M.P) SHRI SAMEER JAHAGIRDAR for
his kind guidance during the entire period of training. His consistence
support and advice has helped me to complete this research project
successfully.

ABHISHEK MISHRA

VII SEMESTER

COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

RADHARAMAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE BHOPAL MP

 INDEX
S.N0 CONTENT
1 PREFACE

2 INTRODUCTION

3 COMPANY PROFILE

4 TELECOM NETWORK

5 SWITCHING

6 MOBILE COMMUNICATION

7 BROADBAND

8 CONCLUSION

9 REFRENCE

10
 PREFACE

Industrial trainings must for every student perusing

professional degree because the ultimate goal of
every student is to get the information the industrial
training helps us to get idea of things.
we should know in order to get a good job &
have a good professional carrier .industrial training
helps us to know what kind of grade an engineer of
specific branch plays in an industry.
In totality the industrial teaches us industrial ethics
.Some advance technical knowledge how and helps
us to acquired with industrial working style through
BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED.
 INTRODUCTION

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) is an india

based telecommunication service providing company
. BSNL oprates under the guardianship of the
Ministry of Communication ,Goverment of india and
Department of telecommunication ,Goverment of
india BSNL operats according to the
telecommunication policy Laid as per as the Indian
Telecommunication Acts and RULES.
. BSNL Formed in 1-10-2000 is World
7th Largest telecommunication company
providing comprehensive range of telecom .

SERVICES IN INDIA :
 Wire line, CDMA Mobile, GSM Mobile,
Internet , Broadband, Carrier services,
MPLS-VPN, VSAT, Voip services IN services
etc.
 BSNL is public secter communication in india .it is
India’s largest telecommunicatin company with
24% market share
 It’s headquarter are at Bhart Sanchar Bhawan New
Delhi it has the status of mini – ratna – a status
assigned to reput public sector in india
 COMPANY PROFILE

 Company Name : Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd

 Type : Public
 Founded : 1-10-2000
 Headquarters : Bharat sanchar nigam bhawan
CMD : Anupam shrivastava
 Industry : Telecommunication
 Status : Mini Ratan
 Product : Wireless,Telephone,Internate
 Revenue :
 Owner : The Goverment Of India
 Website : Bsnl.co.in
 TELECOM NETWORK

WORKING OF BASIC TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK :

This section includes brief introduction of how a call is processed when we dial a call
from basic telephone to another basic telephone or from basic to mobile or vice
versa.

CALL SETUP :

When a subscriber calls to another subscriber first its request goes to the nearest
switching centre that is PSTN (Public Switching Telecommunication Network).Then it
processes the caller and subscriber’s number if it exists in the same BSC then call
setup is completed.
If subscriber is not in the same BSC (Base Switching Centre) then call transfer to
MSC (Main Switching Centre) then it transfers the call to prior BSC then call setup is
completed.
If Caller calls to a mobile subscriber then call transfer is done by MTSO now call
transfer is done on BTSs (Base Transceiver Station) and call setup is completed.

HOW LINE REACHES FROM SUBSCRIBER TO EXCHANGE

FUNCTION OF EXCHANGE:

 Exchange of information with subscriber lines with other exchange. This is

done by two type of signaling:
 Inchannel signaling
 Common channel signaling
 Processing of signaling information and controlling the operation of signaling
network.
 Charging and billing.

ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE:

 All control functions by series of instructions are stored in memory.

 Memories are modifiable and control program can always be
rewritten. For each call processing step decision is taken
according to class of service.

CARRIER ROOM:

Leased line connectivity is provided in carrier room.

This room has two parts:
1. Conventional leased line system
2. MLLN

CONVENTIONAL LEASED LINE SYSTEM:

It consists of modems and routers that are provided by the company
requesting for
that network.
Connectivity of different ATM, banks etc. is provided by BSNL here.
For this, we have 4 modems (2 in Exchange, 1 at sender and 1 at
receiver)
Modems are used for short distances i.e. trans and receive part are
received here
and local lead connection is given to the subscriber.
Local lead faults can be handled here but the trans and receive faults
can be
handled by the department meant for it.
Accept 64Kbps or 2 Mbps.
For long distance communication we have MUXS and data is sent
through optical
fibers. MUXS are present at both the ends.
MDF(MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME)
M.D.F. is a media between switching network and subscriber’s line. It is a
termination point within the local telephone exchange where exchange
equipment and terminations of local loops are connected by jumper wires

FUNCTIONS OF MDF
 All cable copper wires supplying services through user telephone
lines are terminated and distributed through MDF.
 The most common kind of large MDF is a long steel rack accessible
from both sides. Each jumper is a twisted wire.
 It consists of local connection and broadband connection frames for
the main Exchange area.
 The MDF usually holds central office protective devices including
heat coils and functions as a test point between a line and the office
 It provides testing of calls
 It checks whether fault is indoor or external.
 All lines terminate individually
POWER PLANT
 It provides -48V to the switch rooms and 48V to the connections.
 Batteries are artificially discharged once in a year for their
maintenance.
 Cooling is provided through fans & AC.
 There is earth region too for protection.

Engine and Alternator

It provides AC output in the event of commercial power supply failure.
The diesel engine provides the prime mover to the alternator so that the
alternating current is generated to support the exchange systems.150 KV
Generator with 6 Silinder, and it require 24 V DC for Starting System.
 SWITCHING
A switch is defined as establishing a temporary connection from the calling
subscriber to the called subscriber. Switch is a device that makes the connection
and breaks the connection. It is a device that channels incoming data from any
of the multiple input ports to the specific input that will take the data toward its
intended destination. A Digital switching system, in general, is one in which
signals are switched in digital form. These signals may represent speech or data.
The digital signals of several speech samples are time multiplexed on a common
media before being switched through the system.To connect any two
subscribers, it is necessary to interconnect the time-slots of the two speech
samples which may be on same or different PCM highways. The digitalized
speech samples are switched in two modes, viz., Time Switching and Space
Switching

 AU - Subscriber rack for feeding current and other functionalities

 Interface - Interface between main exchange and subscribers/Trunks

 Switch - Main switching network and other exchange equipment
  MDD - Magnetic Disk Drive for storing data
 MTD - Magnetic Tape Drive for backup and regeneration of the
exchange
 OMT - Operation and Maintenance terminal to issue various commands.
 Control - Processor to control peripherals and interfacing Main
Exchange.

 Printer - To get hard copy for all the reports

Different types of Electronic Switches are

 C-DOT Indian Made

 E10B France Made

 OCB France Made

 EWSD Germany Made

Of these, the most important ones include C-DOT and EWSD. Which are
mostly used now a days.
 MOBILE COMMUNICATION
A mobile phone, cell phone or hand phone is an electronic device used to make
mobile telephone calls across a wide geographic area, served by many public
cells, allowing the user to be mobile. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used
only within the range of a single, private base station, for example within a
home or an office. A mobile phone can make and receive telephone calls to and
from the public telephone network which includes other mobiles and fixed-line
phones across the world. It does this by connecting to a cellular network
provided by a mobile network operator. In addition to telephony, modern
mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text
messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short range wireless communications
(infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile
phones that offer these more general computing capabilities are referred to as
smart phones

Generation Gap

Generation #1
 Analog [routines for sending voice]

 All systems are incompatible

 No international roaming

Generation #2

 Digital [voice encoding]

 Increased capacity

 More security Compatibility

Generation#2.5

 Packet-switching
 Connection to the internet is paid by packets and not by connection
time.

 Connection to internet is cheaper and faster [up to 56KBps]

Generation#3

 The present future Permanent web connection at 2Mbps

 Internet, phone and media: 3 in 1

 The standard based on GSM is called UMTS.

 The EDGE standard is the development of GSM towards 3G.

 BROADBAND
An “always-on” data connection that is able to support interactive services
including Internet access and has the capability of the minimum download
speed of 256 kilo bits per second (kbps) to an individual subscriber from the
Point Of Presence (POP) of the service provider is called Broadband.

Data rates are defined in terms of maximum download because network and
server conditions significantly affect the maximum speeds that can be
achieved and because common consumer broadband technologies such as
ADSL are “asymmetric” supporting much lower maximum upload data rate
than download. In practice, the advertised maximum bandwidth is not always
reliably available to the customer; physical Link quality can vary and ISPs
usually allow a greater number of subscribers than their backbone connection or
neighb ourhood accessnetwork can handle, under the assumption that most
users will not be using their full connection capacity very frequently. This
aggregation strategy (known as a contended service) works more often than not,
so users can typically burst to their full bandwidth most of the time however,
peer-to-peer (P2P) filesharing systems, often requiring extended durations of
high bandwidth usage, violate these assumptions, and can cause major problems
for ISPs. In some cases the contention ratio, or a download cap, is agreed in the
contract, and businesses and other customers, who need a lower contention ratio
or even an uncondensed service, are typically charged more. When traffic is
particularly heavy, the ISP can deliberately throttle back user traffic, or just
some kinds of traffic. This is known as traffic shaping. Careful use of traffics
happing by the network provider can ensure quality of service for time critical
services even one extremely busy networks, but overuse can lead to concerns
about network neutrality if certain types of traffic are severely or completely
blocked

FEATURES OF BROADBAND
Fast connection to the Internet

Access to the services which would otherwise be impossible on a slower

dial up connection. These include facilities such as downloading music or
video footage, listening to your favourite radio station or downloading (or
sending) large attached files with emails.
“Always-on” connection

Means that you are permanently connected to the internet; hence no need
to dial up connection every time you want to surf the web, send email, etc .

Flat-rate billing

If you choose an uncapped rate there will be no additional charges for the
time you are online. You can use it as much or as little as you would like,
for a fixed fee. Some connections are available at a lower cost, but limit
you to the amount of data being downloaded (known as ‘capped rate’).

Dedicated connection

Simultaneous use of both telephone & data line.

WIRE LINE BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES

ADSL (A symmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

ADSL exploits the copper wires which have a much greater bandwidth or
range of frequencies than that demanded for voice without disturbing the
line’s ability to carry phone conversations. The A stands for asymmetric,
meaning that data transmission rate is not the same in both directions i.e.,
more bandwidth, or data-carrying capacity, is devoted to data travelling
downstream-from the Internet to your PC-than to upstream data travelling
from your PC to the Internet. The reason for the imbalance is that,
generally upstream traffic is very limited to a few words at a time, like for
example ±an URL request and downstream traffic, carrying graphics,
multimedia, and shareware program downloads needs the extra capacity.
An ADSL circuit connects an ADSL modem on each end of a twisted pair
telephone line, creating three information channels
Features of ADSL
 Allows simultaneous access to the line by the telephone and the computer
 In case of power/ADSL failure, data transmission is lost but basic
telephone service will be operational
 ADSL Provides 16-1000 kbps upstream and 1.5-24 Mbps downstream. It
can work up to a distance of 3.7 to 5.5 km depending upon the speed
required.
Advantages of ADSL
 You can leave your Internet connection open and still use the phone
line for voice calls.
 The speed is much higher than a regular modem
 DSL doesn’t necessarily require new wiring; it can use the phone
line you already have.
APPLICATIONS OF BROADBAND
 Basic WWW browsing and Email access
 Run Servers (Web / FTP)
 Business tariff, can depend on company
 Some technologies are asymmetric (cable, ADSL)
 Video On Demand (VOD)
 Audio Streams (Internet Radio)
 Fast File Transfers (Possibility of downloading large files in short
period of time)
 CONCLUSION
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. Formed in October 2000 is the world’s 7th largest
Telecommunications company providing comprehensive range of telecom services
in India: Wired-line, CDMA mobile, GSM mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier
Service, MPLS VPN,VSAT, VoIP services, IN services, etc. Presently it is one of
the largest and leading public sector unit in India.
The training was aimed at providing the students with basic knowledge
about telecommunications and the working of telecom exchanges. The
various aspects regarding the working of telecommunications, the various
modules in the telecom exchange and their importance in the exchange
process was explained. Both wired and wireless (mobile) communication
aspects were dealed with. Mobile communication ± both CDMA and GSM
± was extensively covered. Also, information about broadband internet and
its requirements was provided.

Along with technical lecture sessions, practical sessions were also conducted
where the telecom exchanges and their equipment were shown and explained
 REFERENCES
 BSNL In-plant training material

 www.bsnl.co.in

 www. .wikipedia.org

 Telecommunication system engineering by Roger L Freeman

 Googel