UMTS Optimization

UMTS Optimization
Prepared By Legend Technologies
Copy Rights © LEGEND Co. 2010

Course Content
• WCDMA Features
– Idle Mode Behavior
– Radio Link Supervision
– Power control
– Load sharing
– Handover
– Capacity management
– Channel switching
• 3G KPIs Monitoring and analysis

WCDMA Features
• Course Objective
Upon completion of this part you be able to
• Explain the main parts of idle mode behavior
• Explain what is the radio link supervision and what are its
benefits
• Explain the different types of power control
• Explain how can we control the capacity to maximize it
under minimum interference
• Explain Different Handover types and scenarios
• Explain how and why do we need for Load sharing and
• Explain the main types of channel switching we have
• Explain the Main 3G KPIs and how to analyze them

WCDMA Radio Network Features

Idle Mode Behavior
• PLMN selection
• Cell Selection / Reselection
• Paging
• Location Update and Routing area update
• System Information

What is Idle Mode?
1. OFF Mode
2. IDLE MODE
3. CONNECTED MODE
UE in IDLE MODE has the following properties :

• UE is Powered ON , while it doesn't have connection to the Radio Network
• UE is synchronized with Radio Network and can read broadcast

information , Accordingly UE can access the Network request services .
• UE is registered on the network , updating Network with its LAC ,

Accordingly UE becomes reachable by the network

Services Types in Idle Mode
• Normal Service
• When the UE select accepted level cell in its HPLMN
• Limited Service
• When the UE didn’t find any accepted level cells at its
home PLMN it selects any accepted level cell at any
other PLMN
• Operator reserved services
• The operator can reserve any cell for testing only and
this through two parameters cell reserved and Access
classNbarred

PLMN Selection
• PLMN Selection
– What is it ? And When it happens ? What are the
types of PLMN selection
• PLMN Selection is the process in which the UE decide
which PLMN it should register in and this process
happens when the Mobile turned on or when the
mobile returned back from limiting service
– Automatic PLMN selection
– Manual PLMN selection

Automatic PLMN selection
• When the mobile powered on

• The mobile uses information about the last registered
PLMN (Freq, the stored neighbors before off)
• Mobile search the strongest signal cells and read its
system information to get (MCC and MNC)
• If the chosen cell is accepted the mobile try to do the
registration
• If the last chosen cell not available or there is no stored
info in the mobile USIM then the mobile might select
any accepted PLMN automatically or manually

• In the automatic selection if no last register PLMN
exists or available the Mobile will select the PLMN that
is available and allowed as follow
– HPLMN if not previously selected due to RAT
– Each PLMN in User controlled PLMNs list in the USIM, in order
of priority
– Each PLMN in operator controlled PLMN list in the USIM, in
order of priority
– Other PLMNs according to the high quality criteria randomly
the minimum CPICH RSCP power is -95dBm
– Other PLMNs that don’t fulfill high quality criteria

Initial Cell Selection – Automatic Mode
USIM
I
HPLMN
Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

Strongest cell
80
60
f1 40
20
0
USIM
-20
-40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 I
II
Frequency x 107
PLMN
PLMN II
PLMN III
PLMN A B C D E F USIM
I
III PLMN
PLMN II
PLMN III

2110 2170 MHz 80
60
40
IV PLMN 20
0
PLMN PLMN
-20
-40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Frequency 7
x 10

PLMN A PLMN B 80
PLMN B PLMN E V PLMN

60
40
20
PLMN D PLMN D PLMN -20

0
PLMN -40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
PLMN E PLMN A
Frequency 7
x 10

Manual PLMN Selection
• UE displays all the available PLMNS after

carriers scanning
• All the available PLMNs will appear regardless
it is allowed or not and ignoring the forbidden
LACs

f1
Strongest cell PLMN A
f2 PLMN B
80
60
40
20
• HPLMN
0
PLMN E
•
-20
-40
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Frequency x 10 7
fn

Roaming
• It is the services in which the user will be able

to obtain services from another PLMN
– Same country (national roaming)
– Another country (international roaming)
• Every 30 minutes the UE try to reselect its
home PLMN

Cell Search
Start
Detecting slot synchronization
Detecting frame synchronization and primary scrambling code group
Detecting primary scrambling and read system information
End

Broadcast Channels
SCH Pilot Channel
1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols

P-CCPCH = 20 bits = 666.667 uSec
PICH Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)
P-CCPCH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
CPICH always take

code 0 from SF 256
tree

Cell selection procedure
• Squal = Qqualmeas – qQualMin (For WCDMA)

– Qqualmeas is CPICH Ec/No
– qQualMin is minimum required Ec/No
• Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxlevMin – Pcompensation
(For all cells)
– Qrxlevmeas is CPICH RSCP
– qRxlevMin is minimum required RSCP

– Pcompensation=Max(maxTXpowerUL-P , 0)
• P is maximum O/P power of the UE accoring to its class
• maxTXpowerUL is maximum power used in accessing
• The cell consider as accepted if

– Squal > 0 and
– Srxlev > 0

• Cell selection occurs when
• When UE is switched on
• When UE in idle mode has had a number of failed RRC
connection request
• When a UE returns to idle mode from the connection
mode on common channel (cell-FACH) after a number
of failed cell update
• UE returns to idle mode from connected mode (cell-
DCH)
• When a UE returns to idle mode after an emergency
call on any PLMN

Cell reselection procedure
• When it occurs
– When cell on which it is camping is no longer
suitable
– When there is any neighbor with better quality
than the selected one
– When the UE in the limited service state on an
acceptable cell
– When the UE is in cell _FACH state

• According to the cell reselection criteria. In order to perform cell ranking,
the UE measures the serving cell and neighbor cells listed in SIB11
according to the measurement rules .
i. Measurement rules for cell reselection
1. Intra frequency measurements starts when

Squal <= Sintrasearch
SintraSearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed

(0 dBm)

2. Inter frequency measurements starts when
Squal <= SinterSearch
Sintersearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed (0 dBm)

3. GSM measurements starts when
Squal <= sRatSearch
OR Srxlev <= SHcsRat
sRatSearch : Controls quality Threshold at which GSM measurements are
performed (4 dBm)
SHcsRat : Controls Signal Strength Threshold at which GSM measurements
are performed (3 dBm)

GSM measurements can also be triggered
Qqualmeas (EcN0, dB) by low RSCP
Qrxlevmeas (RSCP, dBm)
-14
sRatSearch = 4dB
-112
sHcsRat = 3dB
qQualMin = -18
(negative values are
interpreted as 0)
qRxLevMin+P = -115
Time
WCDMA WCDMA & GSM WCDMA WCDMA & GSM (s)
measurements measurements measurements measurements

• When the UE triggers a cell reselections
procedure it starts ranking for the cell satisfy
S-criteria (Squal > 0 and Srxlev > 0) and the
ranking will be according R-criteria
– R(serving)= Qmeas(s)+qHyst(s)
– R(neighbor)= Qmeas(n)-qOffset(s,n)

• Qmeas: is the quality value of the received
signal which is derived from
• CPICH Ec/No or
• CPICH RSCP
• qHyst(s): hystersis value sent to mobile in
system information used to delay the
reselection as possible on the LA boarders
– qHyst1 if the ranking based on CPICH RSCP
– qHyst2 if the ranking based on CPICH Ec/No

• qOffset(s,n): is the offset between the serving and
the neighbor cell also used to shift the cell boarder
– qOffset1sn : if the ranking based on RSCP, there
are 2 qOffset1sn one for WCDMA neighbor and
the other one for GSM neighbor.
– qOffset2sn : if the ranking based on Ec/No
• qualMeasQuantity is the parameter that determine
if we will do the ranking based on RSCP or Ec/No
• The UE reslect the better cell if it stay better for time
interval more than Treselection

UMTS to UMTS cell
Reselection
Qmeas (dBm)
Qmeas(n)
R(n)
qOffset2sn=0
qHyst2 = 4
R(s)
Qmeas(s)
Cell reselection time
R(n)>R(s) treSelection

UMTS to GSM cell Reselection
Qmeas (dBm)
Qmeas(n)
qRxLevMin*
qOffset1sn
qHyst1
R(n)
qRxLevMin*+
sHcsRat
R(s)
Qmeas(s)
time
WCDMA&GSM Ranking
measurements
treSelection
Cell reselection
R(n)>R(s)
* Pcompensation is assumed to be 0

• FACH-connected cell reselection
– During the FACH-connected mode the UE use secondary
common control physical channel (SCCPCH)
– The parameters used to control the measurement
fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff and interFreqFddMeasIndicator
– fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff (K) used to show when the UE has
to do this measurment this value should be greater than 0 and
this value send to mobile via system information
– FACH measurment occasions are defined as being the frame
where the following equation is fulfilled
SFN= C-RNTI mod n*2^K
C-RNTI is the cell UE identity (16 bits) & n is the frame number 0,1,2,….

– InterFreqFddMeasIndicator is a value set to True
or False if it set to True the UE will perform the
reselection criteria on inter frequency or inter RAT
and if it is set false it will not do

Location area Update and
Routing area Update
• After a UE has found a suitable cell it tries to
make PLMN registration.
• If the LAI or RAI read on system information
has been changed then the UE tries to do RA
or LA registration Update
• During the idle mode when the UE changes its
location or routing area it should do LAU or
RAU
• LAU and RAU managed by CN

• Types of Updates
– Periodic
• Occurs periodically after timer T3212 for LAU or T3312
for RAU, the value of the timer sent to the UE over
BCCH in the IMSI attach or in RAU , it is CN parameter,
when the UE is in connected mode and the timer
expired then the UE wait until enter idle mode again to
perform the periodic LA
– Normal
• Occurs when the UE change its LA or RA, the UE
discover the changes after comparing the new Cell RAC
or LAC with the stored values in the USIM

– IMSI attach and detach
• IMSI attach occurs when the UE activated in the same
LA in which it was before deactivation and the detach
occurs when UE deactiated
• This function used to prevent unnecessary paging for
the off UEs
• IMSI attach is an optional function and it is managed by
cell parameter called ATT sent to UE over BCCH
– If ATT set to 1 it means the UE should do IMSI attach and
detach
– When the UE is turned on it sent registration request indicate
IMSI attach to find out if the LA changed or not if changed it
send normal LA update

Paging
• Is the process through it the CN inform the UE
there is a service request or RAN inform all the
UEs that the System information has been
updated also to initiate the channel switch
from URA-PCH to Cell-FACH state
• Paging occurs in the following states
– Idle
– URA-PCH
– Cell-FACH
– Cell-DCH

• Paging in Idle mode and URA-PCH
– PICH and S-CCPCH are used to page the UE
• PICH used to tell the UE when to read S-CCPCH
• S-CCPCH used to carry RRC message type1 which
includes actual paging info and the number of times
the WCDMA RAN will retransmit the paging
(noOfPagingRecordTransm)

• DRX
– In the Idle mode the UE should in order to save its
power consumption to listen to the PICH in certain
predefined times
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
b0 b1 b287 b288 b299
One radio frame (10 ms)

– 288 bits are divided to number of PIs each PI
related to one paging group and each paging
group related to one user
– The number of PIs in a PICH frame is given by
parameter named PichMode
• If PichMode is 72 that mean we have 72 PIs and each
one 4 bits
– The UE monitors one PI in one paging occasion
per DRX cycle
• The length of DRX cycle is given by 2^k * 10(ms)

• Where k is the DRX cycle Length coefficient defined by
cnDRXcycleLengthCS (PS)
• Different DRX cycle for CS, PS and URA-PCH

• Paging in cell-FACH and cell-DCH
– When the establish connection between UE and
RAN is existing Paging type 2 message are sent to
the user it is carried on DCCH so it is only for one
user.
• Updated System information
– RRC message “paging type1” sent to the UE in the
idle mode to inform it about the updated SI

System Information

• The UE read System information when
– Powered on
– Cell change in idle mode or Cell-FACH
– UE informed that change occurred in system
information while it is in idle mode or Cell-FACH
– UE switches from Dedicated mode to Common
Mode.
– Timer expires for SIBs with expiration time.

Radio Connection Supervision

Radio Connection Supervision
• Supervision of the UE in State Cell-FACH and

URA-PCH
• Supervision of the UE in Cell-DCH

• What is the radio link supervision
Is the algorithm supervises the radio connection
between the UE and the UTRAN during all the
connected states, the reason of this is to check if the
UTRAN still control the UE or not and to prevent
undue charging and increase the efficiency of
resources usage.
Occurs in both of Uplink and Downlink

Supervision in Cell-FACH and
URA-PCH
• In CELL_FACH state, supervision is provided by monitoring
periodic Cell Update messages sent by the UE. The timer
cchWaitCuT is started whenever the UE enters the
CELL_FACH state, or upon transmission of a Cell Update
CONFIRM message to the UE. The timer is stopped if the UE
enters CELL_DCH state and is reset to zero (but not stopped)
upon receipt of a Cell Update from the UE. Upon expiry of the
timer, the overall release of the connection shall be triggered.
The time set on cchWaitCuT is longer than
the one set on timer t305. The timer t305 indicates how
often the UE has to send a Cell Update message.

Cell Update Message will be sent either when t305 expires or
when the UE change its serving cell
In URA PCH state the UE sent URA_Update Message instead of
Cell_ Update as in Cell FACH case
T305 expires
Cell Update Overall Connection
Confirmation Release
CCHWAITCUT
starts Cell Update CCHWAITCUT Expire
Message
CCHWAITCUT Timer Should

Reset stopped if UE
Enters CELL-DCH
UE Enters
Cell FACH

Supervision in Cell-DCH
• In CELL_DCH state, the Radio Connection

Supervision functionality is provided by means
of two different algorithms: the Radio Link Set
Supervision algorithm, located in the RBS,
supports the Radio Connection Supervision
Evaluation algorithms, located in the SRNC

The Radio Link consider failed if and only if radio link failure
indication send from the 2 RBSs

• Radio Connection Supervision (RCS)
Evaluation The Radio Connection Supervision
Evaluation algorithm keeps track of the
synchronization status of the whole radio
connection by assigning a tag to every RLS.

• Radio Link Set (RLS) Supervision
The RLS Supervision function supervises the synchronization
status of the RLS provided by the RBS to the radio connection,
and reports any changes to the SRNC. When nOutSyncInd
number of consecutive frames are out-of-sync a timer
rlFailureT is started and at expiry the RLS is considered out-
of-sync and Radio Link Failure is reported to the SRNC. When
the RLS is out-of-sync and nInSyncInd number of frames are
in-sync, the RLS is considered in-sync and Radio Link Restore
is reported to the SRNC.

• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6 (10 to 640 bits) I

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Pilot (FSW: is some of Pilot Bits) TFCI FBI TPC Q
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

• The connection is considered lost by the RCS when
the last RLS, for the connection, has been out-of-sync
for a time given by the parameter dchRcLostT. For a
connection that includes HSDPA, the PS part of the
connection is considered lost by the RCS when the
RLS that contains the Serving HS-DSCH cell, has been
out-of-sync for a time given by the parameter
hsDschRcLostT. This means that when the
hsDschRcLostT timer expires, an Iu Release will be
requested to the PS CN and when the dchRcLostT
timer expires, an Iu Release will be requested to all
involved CNs.
SRNC Radio Link Restore
dchRcLost T Starts
Radio Link out of
sync sent to SRNC
Number of good
Number of Bad
T.S 1 T.S 15 frames = nInSyncInd
frames = nOutSyncInd Good
………………………. Frame
Bad Frame #1
rlFailure T rlFailure T
starts Expires
What is the BER of this N.B if number of good frame that decoded by NB before
frame (CRC decoding) rlFailureT timer expiration equal to nInSyncInd then the
UE sends FSW in each RL consider ok and the timer should stopped
Time Slot in DPCCH

Power Control

Power Control types
Power control
Uplink Downlink
Initial Power
Open Loop Closed Loop Closed loop
settings for
Power Control Power Control Power control
Power

Setting Of common Channel
Power
Channel Name Parameter Name Default Power Meaning
Setting
CPICH PrimaryCpichPower 300 30dBm
BCH bchPower -31 -3.1dB
AICH aichPower -6 -6dB
FACH (control) maxFach1Power 18 1.8dB
FACH (Traffic) maxFach2Power 15 1.5dB
PCH pchPower -4 -0.4dB
PICH pichPower -7 -0.7dB
P-SCH schPower1 -18 -1.8dB
S-SCH schPower2 -35 =3.5dB

Open Loop Power Control
• UL SIR
– SIR=Ec/No X SF
= RSCP/RTWP X SF
= RSCP-RTWP + 10log SF
– RSCP=SIR + RTWP – 10log SF

• SIR has target value depend on service and Channel
• SF has value related to the used service

RACH preamble Power setting
• P-PRACH = RSCP + Losses.

– RSCP = SIR+RTWP – 10log SF.
– Losses = CPICH_Power – CPICH_RSCP.
– P_PRACH = SIR_TARGET_RACH + RTWP – 10 log SF
+ CPICH_Power (pimaryCpichPower) –
CPICH_RSCP.
– SIR_TARRGET_RACH – 10log SF + C is constant
parameter called (constantValueCprach)

ConstantValueCprach , PrimaryCPICHPower and
RTWP are sent to the UE through BCCH
Now the UE can transmit the Preamble using

P_PRACH calculated Value

Power Ramping

Parameter Range Default Description
PowerOffsetPO 1 to 8 3 3dB
PowerOffsetPpM -5to10 -4 -4dB
1 to 64 8 8 step of increase
PreambleRetansMax before the
recalculation of
P_PRACH
MaxPreambleCycle 1 to 32 4 4 trials for P_PRACH
calculation before
giving access failure

RACH Message Power
RACH Data Slot (0.666 mSec)
Random Access Message (10, 20, 40, or 80 bits per slot) I
RACH Message Slot (0.666 mSec)
Pilot (8 bits) TFCI (2 bits) Q

Control Part Power = P_PRACH+ PowerOffsetPpm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Control Power/ Data Power = 20 log (GFc/GFd)
GFc: is standard gain factor related to control

part
GFd: is standard gain factor related to data part
This 2 parameters will be different according to
the type of carried information

Gain Factor Range Default
GFc (Control) 0 to 15 11
GFd (Control) 0 to 15 15
GFc (Data) 0 to 15 10
GFd (Data) 0 to 15 15

FACH Power Setting
• As mentioned earlier FACH power is initially

reserved relative to CPICH power
The question Now is that do every part of FACH

message has the same power as the reserved
value
0, 2, or 8 bits 20 to 1256 bits 0, 8, or 16 bits
TFCI or DTX Data Pilot

• TFCI_Power = FACH_Power + FO1
– FO1 Default Value is 0 dB
• Pilot_Power = FACH_Power + FO2

– FO2 Default Value is 0 dB

Initial Setting of DL_DPDCH
In case of inter frequency non blind handover cBackoff

will be replaced by cNbifho (modified parameter to
enhance the performance of IFHO

DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH
Data 1 TPC TFCI Data 2 Pilot
Default Values
PO1 (00) Step 0.25 Value 0dB

Downlink Power Ramping
Upper Power Limit
P_DL_DPDCH Calculated
2nd power step size
1st power steps x steps
Used only when the NBAP indicates Lower Power Limit

it should be used via parameter first
RLS indicator
1st power Ramp 2nd power increase Inner loop

Setting of initial UL_DPDCH
power
• Power_UL_DPCCH_initial=
PrimaryCpichPower + RTWP+uLInitSirTarget -
10log(SF_DPCCH) + CPO
–RSCP_PCPICH (dBm)
DPCCH_power_offset Sent to UE by
RBS in RRC connection setup Message
Measured by the UE
cPO= -30 to 30 in 0.5 dB steps default = 0 (0 dB)

PrimaryCpichpower = -100 to 500 in 0.1 dB steps default = 300 (30 dBm)
ulInitSirTarget : has different values for different services
e.g. SRB =5.7dB; RAB with SF=4 = 9.2 ; RAB with SF=16 or 8 = 8.2 dB
and for RAB with SF= 32 or higher =4.9

• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6 (10 to 640 bits) I
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Pilot TFCI FBI TPC Q
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

P_DPDCH power calculation
DPCCH power/ DPDCH power = Bc/Bd
DPCCH power – DPDCH power= 20 log (Bc/Bd)
DPDCH power = DPCCH power- 20log(Bc/Bd)

Bc: DPCCH gain factor
Bd: DPDCH gain factor

Radio Bearer DPCCH gain Factor DPDCH gain factor DPDCH power
Signaling 11 15 DPCCH power +2.7
Speech 11 15 DPCCH power + 2.7
CS 64 8 15 DPCCH power + 5.46
PS 64/64 8 15 DPCCH power + 5.46
PS 64/384 8 15 DPCCH power + 5.46

Inner loop power control
• Up Link inner loop power control
DPDCH/DPCCH (pilot + Data +TFCI +TPC + Data)
TPC_Command =
(UP) or (Down)
DPCCH (Pilot + TFCI + TPC)

DPDCH RBS measure
SIR_UL_RLS of
the pilot Data then
compare it with
Target value

DPCCH TPC_cmd=-1 (Down) or +1 (UP)
DPCCH change = TPC X TPC_cmd dB

DPDCH power related to DPCCH power
SIR_UL_RLS>= SIR_TARGET TPC command = “down”

SIR_UL_RLS < SIR_TARGET TPC command = “UP”

UL Power control during
compressed mode
10 mSec Frames (15 slots)
Normal Operation
11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Compressed-Mode; single-frame method

11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4
Transmission Gap
Compressed period used for IRAT measurements and BSIC decoding and
confirmation

SIR_target in CM
SIR_target + 1dB
SIR_target + 0.5dB
SIR_target
13 14 15 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 14 15
Transmission Gap

TPC command in CM
TPC = 2 dB
TPC = 1 dB
13 14 15 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 14 15
Transmission Gap
Recovery Period 7 slots

after the Gap
pilot = 10 log (Npilot,prev/Npilot,curr)
DPCCH= TPC X TPC_cmd + Pilot

Down link inner loop power
control
DPDCH/DPCCH (pilot + Data +TFCI +TPC + Data)
DPCCH (Pilot + TFCI + TPC)

DPDCH
MS measure
SIR_DL_RLS of TPC_Command =
the pilot Data then (UP) or (Down)
compare it with
Target value

TPC command (UP or Down)
present power P(K)= P(k-1) + Ptpc(K)
P_TPC(K) = +1 dB if (TPC_CMD is
Up) or -1 dB if (TPC_CMD is down)
SIR_UL_RLS>= SIR_TARGET TPC command = “down”

SIR_UL_RLS < SIR_TARGET TPC command = “UP”

Downlink Power Balancing
Power Drift
SRNC
UE
RBS 2
RBS 1

8 frame cycle
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8
Reference value
SRNC
RBS 1
RBS 2
UE
At the beginning of each cycle a reference power, which is the average of all radio
link powers is calculated.
Over the next 8 frames cycle the power of each RL is adjusted back to this
reference value

dlPcMethod
1 no DL power 4 fixed power

balance and no 2 No balancing only inner 3 Balancing is balancing algorithm
inner loop power loop power control is used working is used fixed Dl
control reference value
P(K) = P(K-1) + Pbalance

Pbal = +1 dB increase the power -1 dB decrease the power
Power balancing is configured to work on 8 frame cycle

Downlink power control in
compressed
P(K)= P(K-1) + Ptpc(K) + P bal(K) + P sir (K) dBm
mode
P(k-1): previous DL power

Ptpc (K): +1(UP) or -1(down) X TPC
PSIR(K) = 4dB PSIR(K) = 3.5dB
TPC(K) = 1 dB TPC(K) = 2 dB
13 14 15 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 14 15
Transmission Gap
Recovery Period 7 slots
after the Gap

Outer Loop Power control
• The outer loop power control algorithm performed for DL in
the UE and for the UL in the RNC
• The Main idea behind the outer loop power control is to set
proper SIR target
• SIR target value change according to blerQualitytargetDl
• SIR target value should be between SIR Max 173 (17.3 dB) and
SIR min -82(-8.2 dB)
• UL outer loop power control could be either jump regulator or
constant step regulator by ulOuterLoopRegulator parameter
1 Jump Regulator 0 constant step

Jump Regulator
SIRtarget= SIRtarget + ulSirStep(-x/(z*UPDOWNSTEPRATIO)+Y/Z)
Where:
•ulSirStep = 0 to 50 in 0.1 step default 10 (1 dB)
•X = Number of Transport blocks that have CRC OK
•Z= Total Number of received Transport blocks
•Y= Number of transport blocks that have CRC NG
•UPDOWNSTEPRATIO= (1/blerQualityTargetUL * 0.5) -1 default
value is 199
•blerQualityTargetUL = -63 to 0 default is -2 (0.01)

SIR_Target=5.9 dB
CRC=OK
Will continuo to drop until receive bad CRC
The SRNC will Update the SIR target value for

the UL in resolution of 0.1 dB to prevent
excessive Iub signaling.
ulInitSirTaget = 4.9
SIRTarget= 4.9+1(-0/(199*1) +1/1) = 5.9
………………………………………………………………………………….
NG frame received

Step Regulator
If ulOuterLoopRegulator set to 0 the Step regulator will work
Idea of step regulator is as following :
•The SIR target should increased by “ulSirStep” when one NG CRC have
been Received
• And decreased by “ulSirStep” if number of good CRC equal to
(1/(1.5blerQualityTargetUL) (0.5) Default 133
133 Good CRC
ulSirStep
ulSirInitTarget
NG CRC NG CRC

Handover

Handover Type
HO Types
Hard
Soft Handover
Handover
Inter Core Network

IRAT handover Soft HO Softer HO
Frequency HO Hard HO

Soft/ Softer HO
RNC UE
Measurement Control message
DCCH Perform measurement
UE Evaluation
RNC Evaluation
RL addition
Active Set Update
DCCH
Radio Link Add/Remove / Replace
Active Set
Radio Link Removal Update Complete
RNC Evaluation Measurement Control message

DCCH

Reported Measurement

Measurements Elaboration

RRC Measurement initial

Handover triggering type
• Event Triggering
– Measurement to be sent whenever the levels of
cells enters the reporting range
• Periodic triggering
– Measurement report should be sent to the RNC by
the UE periodically

Event Description

Event 1A

Event 1B

Event 1C

Event 1D

Event 1E

Event 1F

Event 2D/2F
2B/2C
3A/3C

Compressed Mode

Compressed mode
• Realization Methods
– SF/2
– Rate matching/puncturing
– Higher layer scheduling

Load Control

PUC

ICAC

Cell Resource Decision

The algorithm Chooses UEs for Pre-emption

LDR

OLC

UMTS Optimization

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Prepared By Legend Technologies

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• 3G KPIs Monitoring and analysis

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UE in IDLE MODE has the following properties :

• UE is synchronized with Radio Network and can read broadcast

• UE is registered on the network , updating Network with its LAC ,

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• When the mobile powered on

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Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

PLMN B PLMN E V PLMN

PLMN D PLMN D PLMN -20

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• UE displays all the available PLMNS after

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• It is the services in which the user will be able

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Detecting slot synchronization

Detecting frame synchronization and primary scrambling code group

Detecting primary scrambling and read system information

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1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols

PICH Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)

CPICH always take

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• Squal = Qqualmeas – qQualMin (For WCDMA)

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• The cell consider as accepted if

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i. Measurement rules for cell reselection

1. Intra frequency measurements starts when

SintraSearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed

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Sintersearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed (0 dBm)

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Cell reselection time

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