Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Early in 1918, Wilson issued his principles for an end to the war, the
Fourteen Points. Following the signing of an armistice in November
1918, he traveled to Paris, concluding the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson
embarked on a nationwide tour of the United States to campaign for
ratification of the treaty and U.S. entrance into the League of Nations,
but he suffered a severe stroke in October 1919. In his final year in
office, Wilson secluded himself in the White House, disability having
diminished his power and influence. The Treaty of Versailles was
rejected by the Senate, and the U.S. remained outside of the League of
Nations. Wilson retired from public office in 1921, and died in 1924.
Scholars and historians generally rank Wilson as one of the best U.S.
presidents.[2]
Contents
1 Early life
2 Education
3 Marriage and family
4 Personal interests
5 Academic career
6 Political science author
6.1 U.S. and British system contrast
6.2 Public administration
7 President of Princeton University
8 Governor of New Jersey
9 Presidential election of 1912
9.1 Democratic nomination
9.2 General election
10 Presidency (1913–1921)
10.1 First term (1913–1917)
10.1.1 Tariff legislation and income tax
10.1.2 Federal Reserve System
10.1.3 Antitrust and other measures
10.1.4 Mexican Revolution
10.1.4.1 Pancho Villa
10.1.5 Miners strike, wife's death and remarriage
10.1.6 Events leading to U.S. entry into World War I (1914–16)
10.2 Presidential election of 1916
10.3 Second term (1917–1921)
10.3.1 Entry into World War I
10.3.2 Home front
10.3.3 The Fourteen Points
10.3.4 Peace Conference 1919
10.3.5 Treaty fight, 1919
10.3.6 Post war: 1919–1920
10.3.7 Other foreign affairs
10.3.8 Incapacity
10.3.9 Prohibition
10.3.10 Women's suffrage
10.3.11 Post war economic depression
10.4 Administration and Cabinet
10.5 Judicial appointments
10.5.1 Supreme Court
10.5.2 Other courts
11 Final years and death
12 Race relations
13 Memorials
14 Works
15 Media
16 See also
17 Notes
18 Bibliography
18.1 Biographical
18.2 Scholarly topical studies
18.3 Primary sources
19 External links
Early life
Wilson c. mid-1870s
Wilson was born to a Scots-Irish family in Staunton, Virginia, on
December 28, 1856, at 18–24 North Coalter Street (now the Woodrow
Wilson Presidential Library).[3] He was the third of four children of
Joseph Ruggles Wilson and Jessie Janet Woodrow.[4] Wilson's paternal
grandparents immigrated to the United States from Strabane, County
Tyrone, Ireland (present-day Northern Ireland), in 1807. His mother was
born in Carlisle, England, the daughter of Rev. Dr. Thomas Woodrow
from Paisley, Scotland, and Marion Williamson from Glasgow.[5]
Wilson's paternal grandparents had settled in Steubenville, Ohio. There
his grandfather James Wilson published a pro-tariff and anti-slavery
newspaper, The Western Herald and Gazette.[6]
After marrying, Joseph and Jessie Wilson moved to the Southern United
States in 1851 and came to fully identify with it, moving from Virginia
deeper into the region as Wilson became a minister in Georgia and
South Carolina. Joseph Wilson owned slaves, defended slavery, and also
set up a Sunday school for his slaves. Both parents identified with the
Confederacy during the American Civil War; they cared for wounded
soldiers at their church, and Wilson's father briefly served as a chaplain
in the Confederate Army.[4]:17 Woodrow Wilson's earliest memory,
from the age of three, was of hearing that Abraham Lincoln had been
elected and that a war was coming. Wilson would forever recall standing
for a moment at General Robert E. Lee's side and looking up into his
face.[7]