Giacomo Fogliano

Giacomo Fogliano (1468 – 10 April 1548) was an Italian composer, organist, harpsichordist, and music teacher of the Renaissance,
active mainly in Modena in northern Italy. He was a composer of frottole, the popular vocal form ancestral to the madrigal, and later
in his career he also wrote madrigals themselves.He also wrote some sacred music and a few instrumental compositions.

Contents
Life
Music and influence
References
Further reading

Life
Giacomo Fogliano was the older brother of Lodovico Fogliano (c. 1475 –
1542). Lodovico, also a composer, was better known as a theorist. Giacomo
was born in Modena, where he evidently spent most of his career. Details of
his life are sketchy, but most of his years of employment and at least one of his
journeys are known. Early in his life he was praised for his mastery of various
instruments, particularly the organ and the harpsichord, and in 1479 he became
organist at Modena Cathedral – an unusual achievement for a musician of
11.[1] The records of the cathedral list him as maestro di cappella (singing
master) also starting in that year, ending in 1497,[2] at which time he vanished
from the record, reappearing again in 1504, from which year he held the dual
post of organist and maestro di cappella until his death in 1548. For the period
between 1497 and 1504 he may have been in Siena; a reference to a similarly
named individual in the records Siena city archives from 1498 has been
tentatively identified as the Fogliano. His first published composition, a
frottola in one of Ottaviano Petrucci's earliest prints, dates from 1502
(Venice).[1] Among his duties at Modena was teaching, and from 1512 to 1514
he instructed Giulio Segni on organ and harpsichord. Late in his career, in
1543, he went to Parma to investigate the organ they had installed there. The Façade of Modena Cathedral. Fogliano
.[1]
cathedral in Modena contains a plaque in his honor was organist here from 1479 to 1497.

Modena at this time was part of the domain of the House of Este, at that time
centered in Ferrara. While the town was not a major center of music-making, as it lacked a local aristocratic court, it still had a
substantial cathedral which kept an up-to-date repertory of polyphonic music. Fogliano was maestro di cappella at this institution
during the period of its collection, and also during the time when Cardinal Giovanni Morone, one of the principal reformers of the
Council of Trent, began the process of simplification of polyphony in order to make the text understandable to listeners. Most of
Fogliano's sacred music predates this time.[1][2]

Music and influence

Of his music, three motets, two laude, 13 frottolas (one of which is attributed in one source to Bartolomeo Tromboncino), 29
madrigals, and four keyboard ricercars have survived. That one of the frottolas was published by Petrucci only one year after the
invention of music printing shows the esteem in which it was held, at least by that Venetian printer; Alfred Einstein, writing in The
Italian Madrigal, describes the same piece (Segue cuor e non restare) as "remarkably awkward".[3] Two of the other frottolas
published by Petrucci as anonymous have since been attributed to Fogliano.

Most of his frottolas were probably composed around 1500, which was around the peak time of production of that popular musical
form. Like other frottolas, his were for four voices, using a simple homophonic texture, with the melody in the topmost voice. The
two inner voices were usually filler and lacking in melodic interest, while the highest and lowest voices frequently moved in parallel
tenths.[1]

Fogliano began to write madrigals sometime in the mid-1530s, although dates of the individual works cannot be determined
precisely. He published his one collection of madrigals, for five voices, in 1547. Stylistically many of these madrigals are like the
frottolas he had written forty years before; a few others use a polyphonic style akin to the motet. While most of his madrigals are for
five voices, most published in his one book, he wrote several for three voices.[1] At least one of his madrigals appears in a Roman
print by Andrea Antico dated 1537, an anthology of madrigals for three voices which includes works by Jacques Arcadelt and
[3]
Costanzo Festa. One or two of the madrigals without attribution in the same collection may be by Fogliano as well.

Fogliano evidently wrote his motets and laude in the early 16th century, probably intending them to be performed by the singers at
the cathedral. They are relatively simple and uncluttered in texture compared to similar works of the time from other musical centers,
and are singable by amateurs or lightly trained musicians. As the singers in the provincial establishment at Modena were unlikely to
have attained the levels of virtuosity found in places such as Ferrara and enice,
V .[1]
these pieces were well suited for this choir

The keyboard ricercares, composed in the 1520s or 1530s and among the earliest examples of the form, are contrapuntal, in the
manner of contemporary vocal music, but with shorter points of imitation. They include occasional ostinatos and scalewise
flourishes, foreshadowing developments later in the century. Four of these pieces have survived, and were published in the 1940s in I
classici musicali italiani(Milan).[1]

References
1. H. Colin Slim. "Fogliano, Giacomo." In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online,
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/09920(accessed October 8, 2009).
2. Elvidio Surian and Alessandra Chiarelli. "Modena." In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online,
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/18830(accessed September 11, 2009)
3. Alfred Einstein, The Italian Madrigal. Three volumes. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1949.
ISBN 0-691-09112-9 Vol. I, p. 297

Further reading
Alfred Einstein, The Italian Madrigal. Three volumes. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1949.
ISBN 0-691-09112-9
Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4

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