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With MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS
2G, 3G and 4G LTE
By: Sami Alio
Telecommunication & Electronics Engineer
MBA, JNU India
1 TELCOMA Trainer certified
COMMSCOPE certified
11/2/2018
What is expected to receive ?
➢ Communication systems
➢ Modulation
➢ 2G // GSM system architecture
➢ Radio part and Microwave
➢ 3G overview
➢ 4G overview
➢ Radio Planning
Subscribers
▪ Broadband
▪ Network
Simplification
▪ New Services ▪ Cost of
Ownership
▪ Efficiency
▪ Voice Quality ▪ More Data
▪ Portability Services
▪ Coverage ▪ Capacity required
▪ Mobility ▪ Data Service
Voice Broadband
Frequency
MW
Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio Single, dual and triple band…
22 Mobile communication systems
BSS: BTS and BSC system
• Connect to BBU
Fiber to EM
• RET control
• Connect to BBU
Fiber to EM
• RET control
antenna (separate
mount)
ODU
Soft waveguide
中频口
IDU IF port
IDU IF port
Parabolic antennas and cassegrainian antennas are two common types of microwave antennas.
Microwave antenna diameters includes: 0.3m, 0.6m, 1.2m, 1.8m,2.0m, 2.4m, 3.0m, 3.2metc.
RTN
BBU
Power
Grounding
OMC OMC
OMM (Operations & Maintenance
NMC GSM interfaces Management)
X.25 links
Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018
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Mobile communication systems
Home Location Register - HLR - is a subscriber database containing each customer’s
international mobile subscriber identity - IMSI and international mobile equipment
identifier - IMEI to uniquely identify each customer. The HLR holds each customer’s
user profile, which includes the selected long distance carrier, calling restrictions,
service fee charge rates, and other selected network options.
Visitor Location Register - VLR - contains a subset of a subscriber’s HLR information for
use while a mobile telephone is active on a particular MSC.
The VLR holds both visiting and home customers’ information.
Authentication Center - AuC - The authentication center (AuC) stores and processes
information that is required to validate the identity ("authenticate") of a wireless
telephone before service is provided.
Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018
SMS Center - SMSC - receives, stores, delivers, and confirms receipt of short messages.
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Mobile communication systems
Call establishment
11/2/2018
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Mobile communication systems
GSM Cells
• Geographical are
• Importance ( Hot spots )
• Approx users
• Site locations, licenses and
permits
• Freq / Freq reuse / BW
11/2/2018
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Mobile communication systems
• GSM Bands
• Why DL > UL ?
• Why We use 900M and 1800M and not 150 – 400M for example ?
• Among Mobile, Microwave and Satellite systems, which system/s works on LOS and
why?
• Why we receive a very small signal in term of power ( mW ) while the output from
the BTS is in W
20W = 43dmb received as -60, -80 dbm
Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018
Mobile communication systems
CDMA: 1.25MHZ CH BW
WCDMA ( UMTS ): 5MHZ CH BW
Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018
Mobile communication systems
CS vs PS
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All terminals send on the same frequency probably at the same time and
can use the whole bandwidth of the transmission channel.
Each sender has a unique random number (spreading sequence), the FDMA
sender XORs the signal with this random number
Advantages:
Less planning needed
Huge code space compared to frequency space
forward error correction and encryption can
51 be easily integrated
CDMA
Disadvantages:
Higher complexity of a receiver
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Spared Spectrum
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11/2/2018
3G- Advantages
Improved digital voice communications
Larger Bandwidth – Higher Data rate
Greater subscriber capacity
Fast packet-based data services like e-mail, short message service (SMS), and
Internet access at broadband speeds.
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Link budget calculation: signal strength loss on the path between base station
and mobile phone
Define the cell ranges along with the coverage thresholds
Important components: Sensitivity, Fade margin, Connector and cable losses,
Antenna gain
Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018
RF Planning
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Propagation models
HATA
OKUMURA
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END
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