Causal and Non causal Systems

Content
• What is Signal?
• What is System?
• Causal, non causal & anti causal signals
• Causal and non causal system
• Gate questions
• Self introduction
 Signal??
• Description of how one parameter varies with another parameter
• A time varying physical phenomenon
which conveys information
• e.g; Electrical signals, Acoustic signals, Voice signals, Video signals, EEG, ECG
etc.
 System??
• A device or combination of devices, which can operate on signals and produces
corresponding response
• It produces an o/p s/l in response to an i/p s/l
 Causal, Non causal & anti causal s/l
• Causal :

• Non causal :

• Anti causal :
 Causal & non causal systems
• Causal : its o/p depends upon present and past i/p s, and does not depend upon
future i/p.
• Non causal : the o/p depends upon future i/p s also
 Gate model questions
• Example: y(n) = 2 x(t) + 3 x(t-3) is ----system

For present value t=1,

the system output is y(1) = 2x(1) + 3x(-2).
Here, the system output only depends upon present and past inputs.
Hence, the system is causal.
 Myself
• Shahana.K
• B Tech in ECE
• M Tech in optoelectronics & communication system
• Worked as JRF in DRDO lab, Bangalore
THANK YOU