Eni 2008 Field Trip Report

Eni Timor Leste
TIMOR-LESTE FIELD
TRIP 2008
PERTH: DECEMBER 2009

DOC. NO: ETL-TL-EXP-RP002_00, Rev-0
Authors: P. Giaj-Via (Sedimentologist)

S. Poynter (Senior Explorationist)
Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

Ground Floor, 40 Kings Park Road
West Perth WA 6005
T: +61 8 9320 1111  F: +61 8 9320 1100
email: info@eniaustralia.com.au
Eni Timor Leste
Timor-Leste Field Trip 2008
Section 1 : Introduction
ETL-TL-EXP-RP002_00, Rev-0
Perth: December 2009
This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

Confidentiality shall be maintained at all times.  This document will be deemed uncontrolled when printed.
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INDEX
SECTION 1 : INTRODUCTION
SECTION 2 : HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION HISTORY
SECTION 3 : DAY-BY-DAY FIELD GUIDE
SECTION 4 : REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Localities
Appendix B: Collected Samples
Appendix C: Daily Diary/Accommodation
ENCLOSURES
Enclosure 1: Timor Island and Timor Sea Stratigraphy

Enclosure 2: Timor Island Geological Map (Audley-Charles)

Eni Timor Leste
TIMOR-LESTE FIELD TRIP 2008


Eni Timor Leste
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 PURPOSE....................................................................................................................1-1
1.2 FIELD TRIP PARTICIPANTS ......................................................................................1-2
1.3 HSE AND SECURITY ..................................................................................................1-3
1.4 LOGISTICS AND ITINERARY .....................................................................................1-4
1.5 METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................................1-5

1.5.1 Data Collection: .......................................................................................................................1-5
1.5.2 Sampling: .................................................................................................................................1-6
1.6 REPORT STRUCTURE ...............................................................................................1-7
FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Eni Timor-Leste – Production Sharing Contracts .......................................................... 1-1
Figure 1-2: Localities visited during the 15 day geological field trip................................................. 1-2
Figure 1-3: Field trip route with helicopter flights outlined. .............................................................. 1-5


Eni Timor Leste
1.1 PURPOSE
Eni Timor-Leste was awarded five Petroleum Sharing Contract blocks (PSC S06-01
-05), offshore Timor-Leste (Timor Sea) in November 2006 (Figure 1-1). Onshore
field work was required as part of the Year 1 primary work programme commitment.
Due to security concerns in Year 1, the work programme was varied and the field
trip re-scheduled to the end of Year 2.
Figure 1-1: Eni Timor-Leste – Production Sharing Contracts
The Eni field trip was designed to give an overview of the geology of Timor-Leste
from a petroleum perspective. It was not aimed to analyse the structural geology of
the island. For logistical reasons, the field trip was undertaken at the end of the dry
season and ran for 15 days from 17th September - 1st October 2008. The main
objectives of the trip were:

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 To obtain a general understanding of the Permian to recent stratigraphy of

Timor-Leste. The tectonically emplaced metamorphic Asiatic Banda Terrane
units were not investigated.
 To identify and study potential reservoir and source rocks of the siliciclastic-
carbonate Permian to Jurassic succession (onshore equivalent of the primary
targets within the offshore permits).
 To collect rock samples for reservoir and provenance studies, source rock
studies, biostratigraphic dating and environment of deposition indications.
 To provide training for ANP and SERN personnel.
A total of 46 localities were visited (Figure 1-2).
Figure 1-2: Localities visited during the 15 day geological field trip
1.2 FIELD TRIP PARTICIPANTS

The team was composed of 12 participants - 6 technical and 6 support personnel:
Eni Australia: David Hearty (Project Leader),

Sarah Poynter (Senior Explorationist),
Paola Giaj-Via (Sedimentologist)
UWA 1 : Eujay McCartain (Geological Expert)
ANP 2 : Jorge Vicente da Costa Freitas (Week 1),

Mario de Sousa Guterres (Week 2)
1
University of Western Australia
2
Autoridade Nacional do Petróleo

Eni Timor Leste
SERN 3 : Francisco Fereira
ASPEN Medical: Ross Shadbolt (Medic)
APAC Security: 5 drivers/security personnel
1.3 HSE AND SECURITY

During the pre-trip planning phase, all security and logistical procedures were
outlined in a document entitled “Timor-Leste Exploration Program: Onshore Field
Survey”. This internal Eni document was reviewed and approved by the Eni
Australia management team and Eni Secur, Milan. The document should be
referred to for details of security, medical and emergency response planning. Day-
to-day security and safety in the field included:
 3 daily phone calls to the Duty Manager in Perth

 1 medic to accompany the group in the field
 1 security guard to accompany the group in the field
 4 Timorese security guard/drivers
No major HSE or security incidents occurred during the field trip.
Traffic accidents were the main pre-trip HSE concern and post-trip are still
considered the biggest Health and Safety risk. With the exception of the northern
coastal road between Dili and Com, roads were typically unpaved and pot-holed.
Other drivers were a major hazard on the roads, driving too quickly for the
conditions, particularly in the mountainous areas, where roads were narrow, winding
and with steep drops down to the valley below. Care also had to be taken to avoid
people and animals on the roads.
The island of Timor is geologically very young (Miocene-Pliocene) and thrust faulting
and folding has resulted in steep and rugged topography in the central part of the
island. Access to the outcrop was often along river beds, involving long and
demanding descents and ascents into and out of steep valleys. The rivers were
mostly dry, but boulder-hopping, scrambling and sometimes wading was necessary
to reach the outcrop. A good level of fitness was required. On the coast, heat and
humidity were the main challenges whilst working in the field.
Minor complaints were mild dehydration, heat exhaustion, cuts and bruises.
Numerous snakes and scorpions were encountered in the field, especially in hot and
humid coastal areas and amongst the thickly vegetated and rocky, dry river beds.
Malaria, dengue fever and food poisoning were identified as risks pre-field trip, but
were not contracted by any of the participants.
3
Secretario de Estado dos Recursos Naturais (Secretary of State for Natural Resources

Eni Timor Leste
1.4 LOGISTICS AND ITINERARY

E. McCartain is a PhD student at the University of Western Australia, and has
extensive experience working in Timor-Leste. He was responsible for planning the
geological itinerary and arranging accommodation and food for the field party.
APAC was responsible for security and for providing 4WD vehicles, drivers and fuel.
Helicopter transport was arranged through Conoco-Phillips. Helicopter flights were
planned to avoid the worse road sections, and to maximise time spent at the
outcrop.
During the pre-field trip planning phase, E. McCartain (UWA), with support from
F. Fereira (SERN) and APAC Security, undertook a reconnaissance trip to assess
road conditions, gain permission from local chiefs to access outcrops on their land,
and arrange accommodation and meals. A leaflet in Tetun explaining the reasons
for the trip was distributed to local communities in advance. Details of the evening
accommodation and meals are summarised in Appendix E. All drinks, lunches and
breakfast supplies were purchased in Dili by E. McCartain (UWA) and S. Poynter
(Eni) several days before the trip was due to start. Provisions were split between
the four vehicles. Camping and field equipment was provided by Eni as required 4 .
The field trip started and ended in Dili, comprising three north-south traverses
across the island, followed by a traverse to the easternmost point of Timor-Leste,
returning along the north coast. The actual field trip route is shown in Figure 1-3.
This differed somewhat from the pre-trip itinerary due to logistic problems
encountered en route. In the original plan, a helicopter flight was planned from
Turiscai to Manatutu on Day 5. Unfortunately, due to contractual issues, the
helicopter was unavailable during the first week of the trip. This resulted in a long
drive in the dark back to Dili on Day 5 and a further 1.5 hr drive to Manatutu on
Day 6, significantly reducing the time available at LOCs TL-20 to 24.
The helicopter also became unavailable (due to a Conoco-Phillips crew change) for
the planned flight from Aliambata to Com on Day 13, resulting in an extra night at
Viqueque and a helicopter flight to Tutuala the next morning (Day 14).
4
Note that Eni was not responsible for providing food and accommodation for the 5 APAC Security personnel
(APAC Security made their own arrangements)

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 1-3: Field trip route with helicopter flights outlined.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
1.5.1 DATA COLLECTION:

Few stratigraphically coherent sections can be identified in Timor-Leste, because of
the intensity of tectonic deformation. The majority of the investigated outcrops are
less than 10 m thick but there are a few thick sections (tens to hundreds of metres),
which can give a good indication of stratigraphic evolution.
Time was limited at most localities, a consequence of time it took to access the
exposures (both driving and on-foot). Average vehicle speed was typically
10 km/hour as a result of poor road conditions. In Section 3, reference will be made
to the time that was available at each locality, as this has a direct influence on
confidence in the geological observations and interpretation.
All outcrops were photographed, sampled (Appendix B) and GPS coordinates taken
(Appendix A). Where there was only a short distance between outcrops, individual
GPS coordinates were not recorded, but the distance and direction between
outcrops was noted. Small outcrop, which were very close to each other and
showed little geological variation have the ending A, B, C etc. This approach was
also used for thick, continuous sections, where it was necessary to identify the
lateral position of important lithological changes/geological observations.

Eni Timor Leste
1.5.2 SAMPLING:
154 rock samples and 3 oil samples were collected during the field trip
(Appendix B).
Fresh rock samples were collected and placed in calico sample bags with the name
of the sample and the reason for sampling (geochemistry, palynology or petrology)
clearly marked. A photograph was taken of each sample at its position on the
outcrop.
Oil samples were placed in clearly labelled glass jars. At the Pualaca oil seep (LOC
TL-31), a local man collected oily water from the river gravel oil seep in a plastic
bottle and filtered the denser water out of a small hole at the base of the bottle. The
remaining dark brown oil was then decanted into the sample jars. At the Aliambata
well head (LOC TL-41), oil was obtained using the bottom of a plastic bottle tied to a
stick. A third oil sample was collected using a plastic bottle from one of the Matai
wellheads by E. McCartain, one week after the Eni field trip ended (LOC TL-47).
Shipment of the samples by boat to Australia (which left Dili on the 28th October
2008) was organised by E. McCartain through the SDV Dili freight company. At
Darwin Customs, a mix up of addresses by SDV Dili on the ‘Bill of Landing’
(shipping document required by customs for importing goods) caused a significant
delay and the samples were not released to Kestrel Freight until the third week of
November. The samples were then freighted to Melbourne for Quarantine where
they were gamma irradiated (thermal heating was not performed as it would have
destroyed the original properties of the samples that required geochemical analysis)
and finally arrived in Perth (Geotechnical Laboratories) the second week of January
2009.
Petrographic, geochemical and biostratigraphic analyses will be performed on the

collected samples, following the criteria described below:
Sandstone Samples: sample preparation and petrographic studies for provenance

and potential reservoir properties will be performed by ACS Laboratories. This will
include (quantitative and qualitative) analysis of detrital and authigenic components;
Limestone Samples: sample preparation and petrographic studies will be performed

by ACS Laboratories. This will include identification of bioclasts, depositional
environment interpretation and identification of diagenetic phases using
cathodoluminescence;
Siliciclastic Mudstones, Marls and Chalk: sample preparation and biostratigraphic

analyses will be performed by Morgan & Associates for age dating and
palaeoenvironmental indications;
Siliciclastic Mudstones, Limestones and Oil Samples: will undergo geochemical

analysis by Geotechnical Laboratories for source rock potential (TOC/RockEval); oil
and shale characterisation.

Eni Timor Leste
1.6 REPORT STRUCTURE

The report is organised as follows:
SECTION 1: Introduction – comprising a summary of the pre-field trip

planning, logistics, itinerary, security and HSE.
SECTION 2: Hydrocarbon Exploration History - a summary of the history of

hydrocarbon exploration in Timor-Leste
SECTION 3: Day-By-Day Field Guide - day-by-day descriptions of visited

localities comprising the itinerary and geological observations. All the ages cited in
this section are provided by E. McCartain.
SECTION 4: References
APPENDIX A: List of Localities
APPENDIX B: List of Collected Samples (154 rock samples and 3 oil samples)
APPENDIX C: Accommodation and meals (day-by-day)
ENCLOSURE 1: Eni Timor Island Stratigraphy (A3).
ENCLOSURE 2: Audley-Charles (1968) Geological Map fold-out.

Eni Timor Leste
Section 2: Hydrocarbon Exploration

SECTION 2: HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 2 : HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION......................................... 2-1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1: Onshore Timor hydrocarbon seeps and wells; seeps from Charlton
(2002). ..............................................................................................................2-1
Figure 2-2: Photograph of Aliambata (1921-1927) wellhead ..............................................2-2
Figure 2-3: Aliambata-1 (1957) wellhead;...........................................................................2-3
Figure 2-4: Caro Ulo-1 (1971) Schematic of well with lithological observations .................2-5
Figure 2-5: Suai Loro-1, Core-2 sketch log.........................................................................2-6
Figure 2-6: Betano-1 Core Description and Locality Map (Betano-1 & -2) .........................2-7
Figure 2-7: Mola-1 Well Summary, offshore Timor-Leste. ..................................................2-8
.o0o.

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SECTION 2 : HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION

Onshore Timor-Leste there are a large number of natural oil and gas seeps
(Figure 2-1), which spurred the early hydrocarbon exploration of the island by
Hirschi (1907), Weber (1910-11) and Escher and Grunau (1947-48).
Figure 2-1: Onshore Timor hydrocarbon seeps and wells; seeps from Charlton (2002).
There are long-lived oil and gas seeps in the central highlands (e.g. Pualaca, LOC
TL-31), and along the southern coast (e.g. Matai LOC TL-47, Ranuc and Aliambata
LOC TL-41). Some of the oil seeps were reportedly exploited by the Japanese
during World War II (e.g. Figure 2-2, Audley-Charles, 1962), who dug pits to “mine”
the oil (Timor Oil, 1964).

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Figure 2-2: Photograph of Aliambata (1921-1927) wellhead

taken in 1962 (LOC TL-41), showing a pit reportedly dug around the
wellhead by Japanese soldiers in World War II to “mine” the oil
(from Audley-Charles, 1962).
Between 1911 and 1975, 24 wells (1 offshore) were drilled on Timor-Leste, 14 of the
wells encountered non-commercial oil and/or gas shows. The Aliambata area was
the focus of early oil exploration on the island; at this location there is a long-lived
wet gas seep (observed during Eni field trip). Timor Oil (1964) also reported a seep
of dark brown oil in a pit dug near the beach close to the gas seep.
The earliest known well was drilled by Timor Petroleum Concessions Ltd (1911-
1914) at Aliambata using a “cable-tool percussion plant”. A large blow out occurred
at 97.5 m, “which sprayed oil over an acre and threw cable, tools and stones over
the mast” (Timor Oil, 1967). The well encountered oil at 59 m and 121 m, which
flowed at 8-9 and 37 barrels/day respectively. A second well (Figure 2-2) was drilled
in the period 1921-1927, ~50 m east of the gas seep by Timor Alliance/Timor Oil
Company Ltd (Timor Oil, 1964). It encountered gas and oil in likely fractured
Paleocene Kolbano Gp limestone. The well experienced a gas blow out at 244 m
and was abandoned. This well is still leaking oil and gas into the well head some
80 years after it was drilled and was sampled during the Eni field trip (LOC TL-41).
Between 1957 and 1962, Timor Oil Ltd and Tradewinds Exploration drilled 8
onshore wells along the southern margin of the island; Aliambata-1, Ossulari-1, -1A
and 6 wells on the Matai anticline (SW coast). Plio-Pleistocene and Triassic
sandstones and fractured limestones were the primary targets. Most of the wells
encountered hydrocarbon shows but not in commercial quantities. A summary of
each well is outlined below:

Eni Timor Leste
 Aliambata-1 (1957) was located on an anticlinal structure between the older

1921-1927 wellhead and the natural gas seep (Figure 2-3). The well
encountered wet gas at around 244 m in fractured Paleocene Kolbano Group
limestones (not tested) and reached total depth at 1269 m (Timor Oil, 1970).
Schneeberger (1961) considered that the well was drilled off structure and
hence not a valid test.
Figure 2-3: Aliambata-1 (1957) wellhead;

gas shows were encountered in fractured Paleocene Kolbano Group
limestones but the well was not tested.
 Ossulari-1 and -1A (1959) were located on a strong positive gravity anomaly,
targeting Triassic limestone. Both wells encountered a thick section of Miocene
Bobonaro Fm swelling bentonitic clays, which resulted in severe drilling
problems and abandonment of the wells at 2056 m and 1402 m respectively
before the objective was reached (Schneeberger, 1961; Timor Oil 1967).
Ossulari-1A obtained a very small oil flow from a petroliferous clast within the
Bobonaro Fm at 82 m. The gravity anomaly was later considered to be caused
by metamorphic “greenstones” at depth (Timor Oil, 1967).

Eni Timor Leste
The six Matai wells were drilled between 1960 and 1962, close to the village of
Matai on the southwest coast. Matai-1 through -4 were drilled within 400 m of each
other on the crest of the Matai anticline structure with Matai-5 and -6 independent
wildcat wells located off structure (Note that little data were recorded for Matai-5 and
-6).
 Matai-1 (1960) encountered a thin Plio-Pleistocene Viqueque Fm section,

overlying Miocene Bobonaro Fm shales, and was abandoned at 616 m in a
Jurassic or Eocene section of siltstone and fine-grained sandstone (likely a
block within the Bobonaro Fm). Weak oil and gas shows were encountered,
probably originating between 232-251 m in a petroliferous Bobonaro Fm clast
(Schneeberger, 1961); 37ºAPI oil was recovered.
 Matai-1A (1961) was positioned ~17 m northwest of the first well and total depth
was reached in Jurassic or Eocene sediments (possible Bobonaro Fm clast) at
773 m (Schneeberger, 1961). Oil shows were encountered at 243 m and a flow
rate of 110 bbl/day (Timor Oil, 1967;1971) was achieved from a good quality
quartzose sandstone reservoir within the Bobonaro Fm. The flow of oil ceased
when the 5-5/16” casing was cemented with the shoe at 255 m. Core 3, taken
at 256-258.5 m, had 75% oil saturation within a soft, grey porous and
permeable limestone clast enclosed by Bobonaro Fm claystone.
 Matai-3 (1961) was located very close to Matai-1A and encountered small
amounts of 34o API oil and gas at around 263 m within the Bobonaro Fm,
reaching total depth at 773 m.
 Matai-4 (1961) was located 30-90 m from Matai-1A and encountered Bobonaro
Fm claystone containing large siliceous limestone and limestone clasts. Weak
oil shows were reported at 283.5 m and 320 m, occurring as patches or
globules in the limestone clasts. The well reached TD at 768 m within a 408 m
thick section of Lolotoi metamorphics, believed to be a thrust nappe (Timor Oil,
1967).
 Matai-5 (1962) was located 3.5 km east-southeast of Matai-1; the target of the
well is unknown but it reached total depth at 1398 m in Lolotoi metamorphics.
The well penetrated a thick section of Viqueque Fm clay, marl, limestone,
sandstones and conglomerates from 135-1219 m, overlying Miocene Bobonaro
Fm melange. There were good porosity and permeability sandstone in the
Viqueque Fm, but no significant shows (Timor Oil, 1967).
 Matai-6 (1962) was located on the southern flank of the Matai anticline. It was
drilled without a wellsite geologist present and no shows were reported, the well
reached total depth at 375 m in Lolotoi metamorphics.
Following acquisition of an offshore Sparker seismic survey and onshore seismic

(1967), a second phase of exploration was undertaken by Timor Oil Ltd from 1968 to
1972; with 11 onshore wells drilled along the southern coast of the island. No
commercial hydrocarbon discoveries were made and the results of the wells are
summarised below:
 Cape Tafara-1 (1968) was a stratigraphic test of an anticlinal nose identified on

seismic (Timor Oil, 1970). The well recovered 244 m gas-cut salt water from
1640-1653 m and reached total depth in Plio-Pleistocene Viqueque Fm at the

Eni Timor Leste
drilling capacity of the rig (1981 m). A second well (Tafara Timur-1/Tafara East-
1) was drilled on the structure in 1969, recovering 1432.5 m gas-cut salt water.
 Suai-1 and -2 (1970) were drilled to test Viqueque Fm sandstones and

limestones in a 3-way dip closure on the down-thrown side of an E-W trending
fault. Gas and oil shows were encountered at 1140 m in Suai-1. In Suai-2, wet
gas and weak light oil shows were penetrated in sandy claystone (182.3-
186 m), with trace gas shows at 445-543 m and 1304-1497 m (Timor Oil,
1971a). There is a poor log correlation between the two wells even though they
are only 503 m apart. The wells reached TD at 1888 m and 1198 m
respectively in Lolotoi metamorphics, considered to be a thin skinned thrust
nappe (Timor Oil, 1971a).
 Cara Ulo-1 (1970) was a stratigraphic test which penetrated a thin section of
Plio-Pleistocene Viqueque Fm (27.5-115 m), overlying poorly sorted Miocene
Bobonaro Fm melange (Figure 2-4). The well was abandoned at 162 m due to
severe problems with swelling clays in the Bobonaro Fm.
Figure 2-4: Caro Ulo-1 (1971) Schematic of well with lithological observations
from Timor Oil (1971c)
 Ranuc-1 (1971) was junked at 195 m; no data is available on the objective or

stratigraphy penetrated by the well.

Eni Timor Leste
 Suai Loro-1 (1971) targeted Viqueque Fm sandstones within a Tertiary 4-way

dip closure, identified on seismic. There were no significant shows in the
Viqueque Fm but the well encountered good gas and oil shows in
overpressured Bobonaro Fm mudstone (Figure 2-5; Bell, 1971). 305 m gas-cut
water, 52 m gas-cut mud and 9 m of 44.6o API oil from 1258-1269 m were
recovered during open-hole testing. A second well test over the interval 1240-
1271 m recovered 152 m gas-cut water cushion, 76 m gas-cut mud and
225.5 m oil and gas saturated clay. The well was abandoned due to technical
difficulties, with total depth in non-calcareous red indurated silty shales
interbedded with thin micritic limestone units (likely Wailuli Fm).
Figure 2-5: Suai Loro-1, Core-2 sketch log.

1.2m core recovered from Miocene Bobonaro Fm, strong petroliferous
odour reported, dominated by dark to light grey bentonitic claystone,
from WCR.
 Suai Loro-2 (drilled 1.6 km SW of Suai Loro-1) encountered a strong gas show
at 1324 m in the Bobonaro Fm and penetrated a likely Eocene limestone clast
with good oil fluorescence and gas-cut mud at 1542 m (Timor Oil, 1971a). All
the tested intervals in this well were impermeable and fracture permeability was
considered to be the likely source of the oil and gas encountered during drilling.
The well was abandoned due to technical difficulties.

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 Cota Taci-1 (1972) was drilled to replace the junked Suai Loro-2 well, and was
spudded 107 m to the SW. No reservoir was encountered in the Viqueque Fm,
but high pressure gas-bearing clasts and silty stringers within the Bobonaro Fm
were penetrated at 1338-1554.5 m and 2347-2569 m (Timor Oil, 1972a). The
well recovered 216 bpd of 25 API oil from underlying Eocene fractured
limestones (2512-2569 m), which were treated with acid pre-test. Cota Taci-1
was suspended as an oil well at 2805 m in Lolotoi metamorphics. Oil shows
were also encountered along fractures within the metamorphic rocks.
 Betano-1 and -2 (1972) were located to target an up-thrown Mesozoic fault

block (Figure 2-6). Betano-1 was abandoned as a dry hole in the Bobonaro Fm
due to severe problems with sticky bentonitic clay that required continual
reaming and conditioning of the mud (Timor Oil 1972b). Betano-2 penetrated a
complex sequence of Cretaceous, Jurassic, Eocene and Miocene sediments. It
was also abandoned due to severe drilling problems caused by the sticky
bentonitic clays of the Bobonaro Fm. Yellow fluorescence was detected in
several zones from 1 m to 549 m with minor gas shows at 460-469 m. Two
cores were taken with dark brown oil shows evident along fractures and
bedding plane surfaces. No hydrocarbon bearing zones were tested.
Figure 2-6: Betano-1 Core Description and Locality Map (Betano-1 & -2)
A – Betano-1 core description through Miocene Bobonaro Fm brown to grey
bentonitic claystone with pebbles and cobbles of siltstone, shale,
quartzite, gneiss and limestone.
B – Locality map of Betano-1 and -2, from Timor Oil (1972a)

Eni Timor Leste
Mola-1 (1975) drilled by Woodside-Burmah Oil was the final well to be drilled,
offshore Timor-Leste. The well targeted the Plio-Pleistocene Viqueque Fm and
intersected gas-bearing low porosity and permeability sandstone and conglomeratic
turbidites (Figure 2-7), which did not flow on testing. Sandstones from 2 SWC were
poorly sorted immature litharenites with visual porosity of 5-10%.
Woodside Burmah Oil (1975)

Objective: Plio-Pleistocene
turbidites
No fluorescence
DST 1A proved interval 2635-
2665m gas bearing but very
low permeability
Sandstone SWC from 941-1328 –
5% visual ; SWC 1422.5m -
10% visual 
Sandstones immature
litharenites, poorly sorted.
TD: 3071m
Banda Sea Timor Island Timor Trough Northern Bonaparte Basin

Allochthon Banli-1 Laminaria High Flamingo High
Mola-1 Laminaria Bayu Undan
Cretaceous - Neogene
Jurassic
Triassic
OCEANIC
CRUST Permian
CONTINENTAL CRUST
Figure 2-7: Mola-1 Well Summary, offshore Timor-Leste.

(Geological Section after Norvick, 1979; log from M. Keep et al, 2005).
For well location refer to Figure 2-1

Eni Timor Leste
Section 3: Day-by-Day Field Guide

SECTION 3: DAY-BY-DAY FIELD GUIDE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 3 : DAY-BY-DAY FIELD GUIDE.........................................................................3-1

3.1 DAY 1 – 17/09/08 ......................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Locality TL-1 – near Atsabe–Bandeira River ..............................................................3-2
3.1.2 Locality TL-2a,b,c – near Atsabe – Bandeira River ....................................................3-4
3.2 DAY 2 – 18/09/08 ......................................................................................................3-8
3.2.1 Locality TL-3 – Lasau ..................................................................................................3-9
3.2.2 Locality TL- 4 – Fatoro River .................................................................................... 3-10
3.2.3 Locality TL-5 - Fatoro River ...................................................................................... 3-11
3.2.4 Locality TL6 –Fatoro River (~20 m downstream of LOC TL-5) ............................... 3-13
3.3 Day 3 – 19/09/08 .....................................................................................................3-14
3.3.1 Locality TL-7 – Near Mauchiga School .................................................................... 3-15
3.3.2 Locality TL-8 - nr Mauchiga settlement - eastern tributary of Wailuli River......... 3-17
3.3.3 Locality TL-9a ,b ,c ,d – nr Mauchiga Settlement – Wailuli River ............................ 3-18
3.3.4 Locality TL-10 – nr Airicalau Settlement – Fatuk Fahe, ‘Pig Rock’ (Figure 3-27) .. 3-24
3.3.5 Locality TL-11a, b – Roadside outcrop between Ainaro and Same ........................ 3-25
3.4 Day 4 – 20/09/08 .....................................................................................................3-27
3.4.1 Locality TL-12– nr Airicalau Village – upstream Wailuli River ................................. 3-28
3.4.2 Locality TL13– nr Airicalau Village ........................................................................... 3-30
3.4.3 Locality TL-14a – Upstream of LOC TL-13, Wailuli River........................................ 3-31
3.4.4 Locality TL-14b – ~25 m upstream of LOC TL-14, Wailuli River ............................. 3-32
3.4.5 Locality TL-15 – Roadside Exposure ~4 km from Hato Builico ............................... 3-35
3.5 Day 5 – 21/09/08 .....................................................................................................3-38
3.5.1 Locality TL-16 – 5 km east of Hato Builico, Haemu River Valley ............................ 3-39
3.5.2 Locality TL-17– 5 km east of Hato Builico, Haemu River Valley ............................. 3-41
3.5.3 Locality TL-18– 5 Km East of Hato Builico,.............................................................. 3-43
3.6 Day 6 – 22/09/08 .....................................................................................................3-44
3.6.1 Locality TL-19– 5 km west of Maubisse, .................................................................. 3-45
3.6.2 Locality TL-20– 30 km East of Maubisse ................................................................. 3-47
3.6.3 Locality TL-21a, b – 30 km east of Maubisse .......................................................... 3-49
3.7 Day 7 – 23/09/08 .....................................................................................................3-52
3.7.1 Locality TL-22a, b, c, d – Manatutu, Sauhuhun Hill ................................................. 3-53
3.7.2 Locality TL22b - 130m up hill/NE of TL22A.............................................................. 3-55
3.7.3 Locality TL-22c - top of the Sauhuhun Hill ............................................................... 3-57
3.7.4 Locality TL-22d - top of Sauhuhun Hill ..................................................................... 3-58
3.7.5 Locality TL-23 Domihuhun Hill ................................................................................. 3-59
3.7.6 Locality TL-24 – nr Manatutu - Laclo River .............................................................. 3-61

Eni Timor Leste
3.8 Day 8 – 24/09/08 .....................................................................................................3-64

3.8.1 Locality TL25 – ~5 km SW of Cribas........................................................................ 3-65
3.8.2 Locality TL-26A......................................................................................................... 3-70
3.8.3 Locality TL-26B......................................................................................................... 3-71
3.8.4 Locality TL-27 - Confluence of Sumasse River with Western Tributary .................. 3-73
3.9 Day 9 – 25/09/08 .....................................................................................................3-75
3.9.1 Locality TL28 – East of Cribas – Akraun River ........................................................ 3-76
3.10 Day 10 – 26/09/08 ...................................................................................................3-82
3.10.1 Locality TL29 a, b – Cribas to Orlalan ...................................................................... 3-83
3.10.2 Locality TL-30 – Tributary of Mutin River ................................................................. 3-85
3.10.3 Locality TL-31 – Pualaca Oil Seep, Mutin River ...................................................... 3-88
3.11 Day 11 – 27/09/08 ...................................................................................................3-89
3.11.1 Locality TL-32a – NE of Soibada, Mutin River ......................................................... 3-90
3.11.2 Locality TL-32b ......................................................................................................... 3-92
3.11.3 Locality TL-33a – North of Soibada, Mutin River ..................................................... 3-93
3.11.4 Locality TL-33B......................................................................................................... 3-95
3.11.5 Locality TL-34 – North of Soibada, tributary of Mutin River..................................... 3-97
3.11.6 Locality TL35 – North of Soibada – Mutin River ...................................................... 3-99
3.12 DAY 12 – 28/09/08 ................................................................................................3-101
3.12.1 Locality TL36 – South of Soibada, Sahe (Mutin) River.......................................... 3-102
3.12.2 Locality TL37 – South of Soibada, Sahe (Mutin) River.......................................... 3-104
3.12.3 Locality TL-38 – South of Soibada ......................................................................... 3-107
3.12.4 Locality TL-39 – South of Soibada – ...................................................................... 3-108
3.13 DAY 13 – 29/09/08 ................................................................................................3-111
3.13.1 Locality TL40 – Cuha River, Viqueque................................................................... 3-112
3.13.2 Locality TL-41a, b – Aliambata............................................................................... 3-116
3.13.3 Locality TL-42 – Aliambata ..................................................................................... 3-118
3.13.4 Locality TL-43 – Aliambata ..................................................................................... 3-120
3.14 Day 14 – 30/09/08 .................................................................................................3-121
3.14.1 Locality TL-44a, b – Tutuala Poussada.................................................................. 3-122
3.14.2 Locality TL-45 – near village of Piti Leti ................................................................. 3-124
3.15 Day 15 – 1/10/08 ...................................................................................................3-125
3.15.1 Locality TL46 (A,B,C) – Laleia River ...................................................................... 3-126

Eni Timor Leste
FIGURES
Figure 3-1: A – Day 1 route and visited localities(Geological map; ESCAP2003. B – Permian
Aileu Metamorphic Complex....................................................................................................3-1
Figure 3-2: LOC TL-1 – Possible Aitutu-Babulu Fms contact. .................................................................3-3
Figure 3-3: LOC TL-2A – Babulu Fm?. Trace Fossils. ..............................................................................3-5
Figure 3-4: LOC TL-2B – Aitutu-Babulu Fms contact? and trace fossils in Babulu Fm............................3-6
Figure 3-5: LOC TL-2C – Babulu or Aitutu Fm. Transitional facies association between carbonate
and siliciclastic system. ...........................................................................................................3-7
Figure 3-6: Upstream of LOC TL-2C – Babulu Fm. ...................................................................................3-7
Figure 3-7: Day 2 localities and geological maps (ESCAP 2003) .............................................................3-8
Figure 3-8: LOC TL-3 - Kolbano Group. Panoramic photos......................................................................3-9
Figure 3-9: LOC TL-4 to- 6 – Aitutu Fm. Fatoro River and relative position of localities ........................3-10
Figure 3-10: LOC TL-4 – ?Aitutu Fm. Overview of outcrop and ENI-TL7 sample position.......................3-10
Figure 3-11: LOC TL-5 – Aitutu Fm. ..........................................................................................................3-11
Figure 3-12: LOC TL-5 – Aitutu Fm. Lithologies and macrofossils. ..........................................................3-12
Figure 3-13: LOC TL-6 – ?Aitutu Fm. Overview. .......................................................................................3-13
Figure 3-14: Day 3 Location, aerial photograph (E. McCartain) and geological maps .............................3-14
Figure 3-15: LOC TL-7A – Wailuli Fm. Overview. .....................................................................................3-15
Figure 3-16: LOC TL-7 – Wailuli Fm. Sample and trace fossils. ...............................................................3-16
Figure 3-17: LOC TL7 – Wailuli Fm. Macrofossils. ....................................................................................3-16
Figure 3-18: LOC TL-8 – ?Wailuli Fm. Oveview. .......................................................................................3-17
Figure 3-19: LOC TL-9A – ?Aitutu Fm. ......................................................................................................3-18
Figure 3-20: LOC TL-9A – ?Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils. ...............................................................................3-19
Figure 3-21: LOC TL-9A – ?Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils. ...............................................................................3-19
Figure 3-22: LOC TL-9B – ?Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils in calcilutite.............................................................3-20
Figure 3-23: LOC TL-9C –Triassic. Overview of outcrop. .........................................................................3-20
Figure 3-24: LOC TL-9C –?Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils. ................................................................................3-21
Figure 3-25: Upper image: Zoophycos Ichnofacies (from Burns & Buatois, 2007);
Lower image: Shoreface model of soft ground ichnofacies successions .............................3-22
Figure 3-26: Interpreted panoramic photo. ................................................................................................3-23
Figure 3-27: Panoramic view of LOC TL-10 taken from the Wailuli River Valley......................................3-24
Figure 3-28: LOC TL-10 – Aitutu Fm. ........................................................................................................3-25
Figure 3-29: LOC TL-11A&B – Babulu Fm. Overview...............................................................................3-26
Figure 3-30: Day 4. Locality map and geological (ESCAP 2003) map .....................................................3-27
Figure 3-31: LOC TL-12 – Babulu Fm. Overview of some of the facies. ..................................................3-28
Figure 3-32: LOC TL-13 - ?Aitutu Fm calcilutites. .....................................................................................3-30
Figure 3-33: LOC TL-13 - ?Aitutu Fm. .......................................................................................................3-31
Figure 3-34: LOC TL-14A - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview.....................................................................................3-32
Figure 3-35: LOC TL-14B - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview.....................................................................................3-33
Figure 3-36: LOC TL-14B - ?Aitutu Fm. Macro and trace fossils. .............................................................3-33
Figure 3-37: LOC TL-14B - ?Aitutu Fm. Oil staining..................................................................................3-34
Figure 3-38: LOC TL-15 - Maubisse Fm. Overview of outcrop. ................................................................3-35

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-39: LOC TL-15 - Maubisse Fm. Lithofacies ................................................................................3-36

Figure 3-40: LOC TL-15 - Maubisse Fm. Crinoids.....................................................................................3-37
Figure 3-41: LOC TL-15 - Maubisse Fm. Macrofossils..............................................................................3-37
Figure 3-42: Day 5. Location and geological (ESCAP 2003) maps with position of outcrops LOCs
TL-16 to 18.............................................................................................................................3-38
Figure 3-43: LOC TL-16 - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview of carbonate outcrop. ...................................................3-39
Figure 3-44: LOC TL-16 - ?Aitutu Fm. Facies. ..........................................................................................3-40
Figure 3-45: ?Aitutu Fm carbonate cliff overlying shoreface sandstone of LOC-TL-17............................3-42
Figure 3-46: LOC TL-17 - ?Babulu Fm. Evidence for oscillatory wave action: .........................................3-42
Figure 3-47: LOC TL-18 - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview and main facies. ...........................................................3-43
Figure 3-48: Day 6. Location and geological (ESCAP 2003) maps. .........................................................3-44
Figure 3-49: LOC TL-19 – Maubisse Fm. Overview of outcrop and schematic lithofacies
succession. ............................................................................................................................3-45
Figure 3-50: LOC TL-19 – Maubisse Fm. Macrofosils and Limestone-basal contact...............................3-46
Figure 3-51: LOC TL-20 – Wailuli Fm. Overview.......................................................................................3-47
Figure 3-52: LOC TL-20 – Wailuli Fm. .......................................................................................................3-48
Figure 3-53: LOC TL-21A - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview, sedimentary and biogenic structures........................3-50
Figure 3-54: LOC TL-21B - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview of outcrop. ..................................................................3-51
Figure 3-55: Day 7. Location and geological (ESCAP 2003) maps. .........................................................3-52
Figure 3-56: LOC TL-22. Panoramic photos..............................................................................................3-53
Figure 3-57: LOC TL22-A. Babulu Fm. Overview......................................................................................3-54
Figure 3-58: LOC TL22-A. Babulu Fm. Trace fossils. ...............................................................................3-55
Figure 3-59: LOC TL-22B. Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop. ...................................................................3-56
Figure 3-60: LOC TL-22B. Babulu Fm Climbing ripples in fine sandstone ...............................................3-56
Figure 3-61: LOC TL-22C. Babulu Fm. Overview and detail of conglomerate. ........................................3-57
Figure 3-62: LOC TL-22D - Babulu Fm. Overview. ...................................................................................3-58
Figure 3-63: LOC TL-23. Babulu Fm outcropping at base of Domihuhun Hill. .........................................3-59
Figure 3-64: LOC TL-23. Babulu Fm. Main facies. ....................................................................................3-60
Figure 3-65: LOC TL-24 - Babulu Fm. .......................................................................................................3-61
Figure 3-66: LOC TL-24 - Babulu Fm. Overview and details of uppermost studied section. ...................3-62
Figure 3-67: Day 8. Location and geological (Audley Charles, 1968) maps.............................................3-64
Figure 3-68: LOC TL-25A – Cribas Fm. Main facies .................................................................................3-66
Figure 3-69: LOC TL-25B – Cribas Fm. Overview of outcrop. ..................................................................3-67
Figure 3-70: LOC TL-25B – Cribas Fm. Physical and biogenic traces. ....................................................3-68
Figure 3-71: LOC TL-25C – Cribas Fm. Overview of outcrops and facies details....................................3-69
Figure 3-72: LOC TL-26A – ?Babulu Fm. ..................................................................................................3-70
Figure 3-73: LOC TL-26B – Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop. .................................................................3-71
Figure 3-74: LOC TL-26B – Babulu Fm. Sedimentary and biogenic structures........................................3-72
Figure 3-75: LOC TL-27 – Niof Fm. A – Overview of outcrop; B&C – Detail of variegated, finely
bedded claystone...................................................................................................................3-73
Figure 3-76: LOC TL-27 – Niof Fm. Macrofossils. .....................................................................................3-74
Figure 3-77: Day 9. Location and geological maps. ..................................................................................3-75
Figure 3-78: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. Studied section and overview photos of main lithofacies. ..........3-76
Figure 3-79: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A. 2a..........................................................................................3-77

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-80: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A. 2b and F.A.1.........................................................................3-77

Figure 3-81: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A.2b...........................................................................................3-78
Figure 3-82: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A.3. Potential Transgressive surface. ......................................3-79
Figure 3-83: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A.3.............................................................................................3-79
Figure 3-84: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. Calcarenites. ................................................................................3-80
Figure 3-85: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A.4.............................................................................................3-81
Figure 3-86: Day 10. Location and geological map. ..................................................................................3-82
Figure 3-87: LOC TL-29a – Aitutu Fm. Overview. .....................................................................................3-83
Figure 3-88: LOC TL-29a – Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils.................................................................................3-84
Figure 3-89: LOC TL-30 –Oe Baat Fm. Overview. ....................................................................................3-85
Figure 3-90: LOC TL-30 –Oe Baat Fm. Macrofossils. ...............................................................................3-86
Figure 3-91: LOC TL-30 –?Aitutu Fm. Overview and trace fossils............................................................3-87
Figure 3-92: LOC TL-31 - Pualaca Oil seep. .............................................................................................3-88
Figure 3-93: Day 11 location map and geological map (ESCAP 2003). ...................................................3-89
Figure 3-94: LOC TL-32A – Aitutu Fm. Overview of outcrop with main lithofacies...................................3-90
Figure 3-95: LOC TL-32A – Aitutu Fm. Main facies associations. ............................................................3-91
Figure 3-96: LOC TL-32B – Aitutu Fm. ......................................................................................................3-92
Figure 3-97: LOC TL-33A – Babulu Fm. Overview and main facies. ........................................................3-94
Figure 3-98: LOC TL33-B – Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop. .................................................................3-95
Figure 3-99: LOC TL-33B – Babulu Fm. Rippled sandstone.....................................................................3-96
Figure 3-100: LOC TL-34 – Babulu Fm. - Overview of outcrop...................................................................3-97
Figure 3-101: LOC TL-34 – Babulu Fm. Fining-up sandstone cycles. ........................................................3-98
Figure 3-102: LOC TL-35. Aitutu – Wailuli Fms contact. .............................................................................3-99
Figure 3-103: LOC TL-35. Aitutu – Wailuli Transition zone. ..................................................................... 3-100
Figure 3-104: Day 12 Location maps........................................................................................................ 3-101
Figure 3-105: LOC TL-36 - ?Babulu Fm. .................................................................................................. 3-102
Figure 3-106: LOC TL-37 – Aitutu-Wailuli Fm contact. Overview of outcrop. .......................................... 3-104
Figure 3-107: LOC TL-37 – Lithofacies and trace fossils of the transition from Aitutu to Wailuli Fm. .... 3-105
Figure 3-108: LOC TL-37 – Aitutu and Wailuli Fm. Dominant trace fossils.............................................. 3-106
Figure 3-109: LOC TL-38 – Babulu Fm. Overview. .................................................................................. 3-107
Figure 3-110: LOC TL-39 – ?Babulu Fm. Overviews of outcrop and facies associations. ...................... 3-108
Figure 3-111: LOC TL-39 – ?Babulu Fm. ................................................................................................. 3-109
Figure 3-112: Day 13. Locality map and photos from lower section of LOC TL40 outcrops ................... 3-111
Figure 3-113: LOC TL-40 – Viqueuqe Fm. Overview of lower section of the Viqueque Fm.................... 3-112
Figure 3-114: LOC TL-40 – Viqueuqe Fm. Fining-up turbiditic sands and pelagic muds. ....................... 3-113
Figure 3-115: LOC TL-40 – Viqueuqe Fm. Lithofacies............................................................................. 3-114
Figure 3-116: LOC TL-40 – Viqueuqe Fm. Lithofacies. Coarse-grained fining-up cycles. ...................... 3-115
Figure 3-117: LOC TL-41A - Aliambata gas seep. ................................................................................... 3-116
Figure 3-118: LOC TL-41B - Aliambata 1921-1927 well head. ................................................................ 3-117
Figure 3-119: LOC TL-42 – Triassic or Jurassic sandstones. Summary table of LOC TL42. ................. 3-119
Figure 3-120: LOC TL-43 - ?Aitutu Fm. Interbedded calcilutites and shale............................................. 3-120
Figure 3-121: Day 14. Locality map and aerial views of the eastern end of the Island. .......................... 3-121
Figure 3-122: LOC TL-44 - Aitutu Fm equivalent. Overview of carbonate outcrops ................................ 3-122
Figure 3-123: LOC TL-44A - Aitutu Fm equivalent. .................................................................................. 3-123

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-124: LOC TL-45 - Aitutu Fm equivalent...................................................................................... 3-124

Figure 3-125: Day 15, Location map......................................................................................................... 3-125
Figure 3-126: LOC TL-46A - ?Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop. ............................................................. 3-126
Figure 3-127: LOC TL-46B - ?Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop. ............................................................. 3-128
Figure 3-128: LOC TL-46B - ?Babulu Fm. Main sedimentary structures................................................. 3-129
Figure 3-129: LOC TL-46B - ?Babulu Fm. Overview. ............................................................................. 3-130
Figure 3-130 LOC TL-46C - ?Babulu Fm. Overview. .............................................................................. 3-131
Figure 3-131: LOC TL-46C - ?Babulu Fm. Facies.................................................................................... 3-132


Eni Timor Leste
SECTION 3 : DAY-BY-DAY FIELD GUIDE

This section will provide a day-by-day description of itinerary and visited localities. Unless
specified otherwise, all age dating was provided by E. McCartain.
3.1 DAY 1 – 17/09/08

Itinerary
The team departed from the Eni Timor Leste office in Dili and headed south to the
first stop near the town of Atsabe. The first 30 km of road is cut into steep
mountains composed of the low grade metamorphics of the Permian Aileu
Metamorphic Complex, which outcrop along the coastal road east and west of Dili
(Figure 3-1). No stops were made to observe the formation in detail.
The first stop of the fieldtrip was reached at lunch time: Two outcrops were visited,
both along the Bandeira River bed, near the town of Atsabe (Figure 3-1). LOC TL-1
is just upstream of the bridge (where the Bandeira River meets the Dili to Atsabe
road - elevation ~1090 m) and LOC TL-2 is just downstream of the bridge.
In both localities, three different expressions of the same carbonate-siliciclastic

contact within Middle to Late Triassic strata (of uncertain formation attribution)
outcrop.
A)
B)
Figure 3-1: A – Day 1 route and visited localities(Geological map; ESCAP2003.

B – Permian Aileu Metamorphic Complex
(phyllites, slates and rare quartzites) forming the steep and crumbly
slopes of the coastal areas around Dili)

K:\Explore\Timor-Leste\Fieldtrip 2008\Report\Government\Section 3 - Day-by-Day Field Guide, RP002 Rev-0.doc Page 3-1
Eni Timor Leste
3.1.1 LOCALITY TL-1 – NEAR ATSABE–BANDEIRA RIVER
S08°54.197’
E125°25.512’
Gonwana Megasequence – ?Aitutu/Babulu Fm
Biostratigraphy: Aulotortus sinuosus shallow water foraminifera in limestone
Age: Middle to early Late Triassic.
Description: a 14 m cliff with a succession of cm-interbedded muddy texturally

immature argillaceous grey fine-grained sandstone (with common organic matter)
and shale sharply overlying a grainstone. The lower 4 m of the siliciclastic
succession is organised in 2 upward-coarsening successions (Figure 3-2).
At the base of the first cycle, on top of the carbonates, is a section of argillaceous
fine-grained sandstone and mudstone amalgamated by a moderate-high degree of
bioturbation (Bioturbation Index: 5). The trace variety appears to be low, possibly
Thalassinoides. Limestone clasts, most likely eroded from the underlying carbonate
unit, have been recognised within the basal section (McCartain pers. comm.) but
were not observed by Eni personnel. The bioturbated section passes up into a
crudely stratified, cm-bedded argillaceous fine-grained sandstone with
Thalassinoides traces and a moderate to high degree of bioturbation (Bioturbation
Index: 4). Structures are obliterated by burrowing.
This first coarsening-up cycle (~1.7 m thick) passes up into grey silty shale with
starved fine-grained sandstone ripples interbedded with subordinate cm-thick fine-
grained sandstone beds with small scale cross-lamination. A point of maximum
shaliness is reached approximately 3 m up section after which progressively thicker
sandstone beds appear.
Sample: ENI TL-1 grey argillaceous fine-grained sandstone; ENI TL-2

dark grey micaceous shale.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-2: LOC TL-1 – Possible Aitutu-Babulu Fms contact.

Overview of outcrop with stacking pattern outlined.
Orange arrow shows way up.

Eni Timor Leste
3.1.2 LOCALITY TL-2A,B,C – NEAR ATSABE – BANDEIRA RIVER
S08°54.9s27’
E125°25.288’
Gonwana Megasequence – ?Aitutu/Babulu Fm
Biostratigraphy: Aulotortus sinuosus (shallow water foraminifera in limestone).
Age: Middle to early Late Triassic.
LOC TL-2A
Description: Interbedded bioturbated cm-bedded (~3-10cm) fine to very fine-

grained sandstone and shale with low sandstone to shale ratio are exposed in the
river bed. The sandstone presents ripple cross-lamination (locally climbing) and
possible hummocky cross-stratification (HCS). Recognised trace fossils are:
Planolites, Thalassinoides and Rosselia (Figure 3-3). Starved ripples are found in
the mudstone.
Sample: ENI TL-3 grey fine- to very fine-grained sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-3: LOC TL-2A – Babulu Fm?. Trace Fossils.

(a) Heavily bioturbated shale (bedding plane view) with; (b) Planolites and
(c) horizontal section of Rosselia burrow (~1.2cm across concentric
structure). The latter looks similar to a vertical section through an
Asterosoma horizontal gallery but the trace is on a bedding plane and no
cluster of similar traces is found.
LOC TL-2B
Description: Further downstream the contact with the carbonates is observed

as in LOC TL-1 (Figure 3-15). In the overlying sandstone, one horizontal section of
Rosselia is identified on a bedding plane (~1.2 cm across concentric structure) in
association with horizontal 10 cm long 0.5 cm diameter ?Palaeophycus traces
(Figure 3-4). Compared to LOC TL-1, the sandstones are much cleaner, there are
fewer Thalassinoides traces but more trace variety.

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?Paleophycos
Rosselia B
Moderately to strongly
bioturbated cm-interbedded
sstn-shale
Limestone
Fault plane
Figure 3-4: LOC TL-2B – Aitutu-Babulu Fms contact? and trace fossils in Babulu Fm.
A – Overview of outcrop.
B - The filling of the Paaleophycus horizontal burrow is of the same
lithology as the host stratum and the presence of a wall lining is uncertain. The Rosselia
burrow is generally associated with fully marine environment (Pemberton, 2001)
LOC TL-2C
Description: Different expression of carbonate-siliciclastic contact observed at

LOC TL-1 and TL-2a-b.
Succession of interbedded (~10 cm thick beds) calcarenite and bioclastic grey

sandstone with cm-size micritic clasts (Figure 3-5). The calcarenites are grainstones
with framework grains composed of quartz nuclei coated in micrite, ooids with quartz
nuclei, echinoid spines and bioclasts (McCartain pers. comm.).
Sample: ENI TL-4 bioclastic grey sandstone.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-5: LOC TL-2C – Babulu or Aitutu Fm. Transitional facies association between
carbonate and siliciclastic system.
Photo a) courtesy of E. McCartain.
Upstream of LOC TL-2c the previously described facies association grades into
interbedded sandstone and dark grey micaceous shale (Figure 3-6).
Sample: ENI TL-5 dark grey micaceous shale.
Figure 3-6: Upstream of LOC TL-2C – Babulu Fm.

Thinly interbedded sandstone and shale passing up to
dark grey micaceous shale.

Eni Timor Leste
3.2 DAY 2 – 18/09/08

Itinerary
The first stop of the day (LOC TL-3) was 5 km south of Atsabe at the village of
Lasau to view Kolbano Group pelagic limestones. This was followed by a 2 hour
drive to LOC TL-4, -5 and -6. 4 km north of the town of Zumalai the sections were
accessed by a 1 hour descent into the Fatoro River valley comprising a series of
river bank cuttings (Figure 3-7). All the outcrops are calcilutites interbedded with thin
shales from the Middle-Late Triassic Aitutu Fm. Previous work by Livsey (2005)
showed the mudstones to have TOC values up to 30%. After working on the
sections, the field party walked downstream for several kms to the car pick up point
in the village of Salase.
T IM O R L EST E T IM OR
125° 00' 126° 00' 127° 00'
Day 14
Lautem Moro Com
Tutuala
WESTERN Days 7-9
Day 6
AUSTRALIA
Laga
Perth DILI Day 15

Laclo
Manatutu
Vemasse
Laleia
Baucau
Luro
Lospalos
LOCALITY MAP Liquica Dili
Laulara
Remexio Quelicai
Maubara Cairui Baguia
Bazartete Venilale
Railaco
Lequidoe
Gleno Uato Carbau Iliomar
Fatubessi Ermera Aileu
Orlalan Day 10 Ossu
Sare
Day 5 Fly F ly
Atabae Lacluta
Hatolia Uatolari
ATSABE Cailaco
Letefoho Maubisse
Turiscai
Day 11 Soibada
Barique Dilor
Viqueque
Aliambata
Batugade
Motaain
Day 1
Maliana Day 2
Hato Builico
Atsabe
AINARO
Day 4
TL3
LASAU
Balibo Ainaro Same Natarbora
Cnua Alas Days 12-13 9° 00'
Welaluhu
Bobonaro
Day 3
Hato-Udo
Fatululik Mape/Zumalai
Lolotoe
Betano
Fatumean
ZUMALAI Fohorem
Suai
Tilomar
HELIFLIGHTS Major Town

Sun 28th : Soibada - Viqueque National Road
0 20km
Tue 30th : Viqueque - Tutuala Route
FIGURE
3556.dgn
TL4 to 6
TL3
Fatoro
River
TL4 to 6
Figure 3-7: Day 2 localities and geological maps (ESCAP 2003)

Note that the Kolbano Group limestones of LOC TL-3 are not
reported on the geological map.

Eni Timor Leste
3.2.1 LOCALITY TL-3 – LASAU
S08°57.978’
E125°22.610’
Australian Margin Megasequence – Kolbano Group
Biostratigraphy: planktonic foraminifera.
Age: Cretaceous to lower Late Miocene
Description: The outcrop is steep-sided rocky slope of grey calcilutite rich in

planktonic foraminifera. Large blocks of scree at the base of slope were
investigated during the fieldtrip, but in situ section is also present further upslope
(Figure 3-8).
Sample: ENI TL-6 light grey foraminiferal calcilutite
Figure 3-8: LOC TL-3 - Kolbano Group. Panoramic photos.

LOC TL-3 viewed from the south of the village of Lasau (left photo)
and overview of outcrop of pelagic calcilutites (right photo).

Eni Timor Leste
3.2.2 LOCALITY TL- 4 – FATORO RIVER
S09°06.209’
E125°25.665’
Gondwana Megasequence – ?Aitutu Fm
Biostratigraphy: None available
Age: Assumed to be Middle-Late Triassic from geological map and

lithological similarity to dated outcrop at LOC TL-5.
Description: The outcrop is a steep ~15 m high cliff of laterally extensive

(10s m), tabular ~20 cm thick beds of pinkish and off-white siliceous calcilutite
(possibly rich in radiolarians) interbedded with thinner (6-3 cm) light grey shale
(Figure 3-10).
Sample: ENI TL-7 purple grey siliceous calcilutite; ENI TL-8 dark grey to
black claystone
Figure 3-9: LOC TL-4 to- 6 – Aitutu Fm. Fatoro River and relative position of localities
Outcrops are on the far right end of panoramic view (and beyond). Satellite
view is provided by E. McCartain.
Figure 3-10: LOC TL-4 – ?Aitutu Fm. Overview of outcrop and ENI-TL7 sample position.
Siliceous calcilutite interbedded with subordinate grey shale.

Eni Timor Leste
3.2.3 LOCALITY TL-5 - FATORO RIVER

(2 KM DOWNSTREAM OF LOC TL-4)
S09°07.114’
E125°27.420’
Gondwana Megasequence – Aitutu Fm
Biostratigraphy: S. quadrifidus spore-pollen zone (Livsey, 2005)
Age: Middle to Late Triassic
Macrofossils: - Alobiate or Dianella bivalves, diagnostic of Middle to Late

Triassic and unidentified ammonites are present within the calcilutites (Figure 3-12).
Description: A ~25 m cliff of cm/dm interbedded (20-5 cm) highly siliceous

calcilutite and subordinate dominantly light grey siliciclastic mudstone (Figure 3-11)
and Figure 3-12). Some dark grey to black mudstones and pinkish mudstones are
also present. Previous studies by Livsey (2005) reported mudstone horizons with
TOCs of up to 30% and hydrogen index values up to 470.
Sample: ENI TL-9 bivalve; ENI TL-10, -11 dark grey shale
Figure 3-11: LOC TL-5 – Aitutu Fm.

Overview of the tabular and laterally extensive calcilutites beds
(way-up unknown).

Eni Timor Leste
A) C)
B)
Figure 3-12: LOC TL-5 – Aitutu Fm. Lithologies and macrofossils.

a) Ammonite in calcilutite;
b) Pinkish shale interbeds; and
c) position of sample ENI TL-11

Eni Timor Leste
3.2.4 LOCALITY TL6 –FATORO RIVER (~20 M DOWNSTREAM OF LOC TL-5)
S09°07.170’
E125°26.451’
Biostratigraphy: not available
Age: Middle to Late Triassic from geological map and facies similarity
to dated LOC TL-5.
Description: ~20 m thick cliff of slightly siliceous calcilutite (average bed

thickness: ~40 cm) interbedded with thinner dark grey shales (5-25 cm) (Figure
3-13)
Sample: ENI TL-12 dark grey organic-rich rich shale; ENI TL-13 grey
calcilutite; ENI TL-14 dark grey mudstone.
Figure 3-13: LOC TL-6 – ?Aitutu Fm. Overview.

The lower section of the outcrop is characterised by 40 cm calcilutites and
subordinate grey shales (white bar) and the upper section by thinner bedded calcilutites
and pinkish shales (red bar) (as in previous stop). A normal fault possibly runs through the
middle of the outcrop. Samples ENI TL-12 and -14 were collected from the red boxed area.

Eni Timor Leste
3.3 DAY 3 – 19/09/08

Itinerary
The first part of Day 3 was spent working in the Wailuli River valley near the schooll
of Mauchiga, 10 km north of Ainaro (Figure 3-25). Here calcilutites and mudstones
of the Middle to Late Triassic Aitutu Fm crop out (LOC TL-9a to d). Marl and
calcareous mudstone of the Jurassic Wailuli Fm are exposed along an eastern
tributary of the river (LOC TL-7, -8).
Later in the day, LOC TL-10 was visited on the slopes of Fatuk Fahe (‘pig rock’), a
short drive along the road to Same. Here a small outcrop of Triassic Aitutu Fm
calcilutites was investigated, where oil staining was observed (upon hammering) on
fresh surfaces of the limestone. The final locality of the day was a brief stop along
the road to Same (a rare road side outcrop) to view a poor exposure of Triassic
Babulu Fm sandstones (LOC TL-11).
T I M O R L EST E TIM OR
125° 00' 126° 00' 127° 00'
Day 14
Lautem Com
Moro
Tutuala
WESTERN Days 7-9
Day 6
AUSTRALIA
Laga
Perth
LOCALITY MAP
DILILiquica
Day 15
Dili
Laulara
Laclo
Manatutu
Laleia
Vemasse
Baucau
Luro
Lospalos
Remexio Quelicai
Maubara Cairui Baguia
Bazartete Venilale
Railaco
Lequidoe
Uato Carbau Iliomar
Fatubessi Gleno Aileu
Ermera Day 10
Orlalan Ossu
Sare
Day 5 Fly F ly
Atabae
Hatolia Lacluta Uatolari
Turiscai Aliambata
Letefoho Maubisse Dilor
Day 11 Barique
Cailaco Soibada Viqueque
Day 4
Day 1 Hato Builico
Batugade Atsabe
Motaain
AINARO
Balibo
Maliana
Bobonaro
Day 2
Ainaro Same
SAME
Day 3
Cnua Alas
Natarbora
Welaluhu
Days 12-13 9° 00'
Hato-Udo
Fatululik Mape/Zumalai
Lolotoe
Betano
Fatumean
Fohorem
Suai
Tilomar
HELIFLIGHTS Major Town

Sun 28th : Soibada - Viqueque National Road
0 20km
Tue 30th : Viqueque - Tutuala Route
FIGURE
3556.dgn
Mauchiga Wailuli River

settlement Valley
TL10
TL9a to d
ad SAMPLE TL17: Dark grey shale
TL9 TL11
TL8
TL7a Wailuli TL7 to 8
TL7b River
Same
Ainaro
Figure 3-14: Day 3 Location, aerial photograph (E. McCartain) and geological maps
(Audley Charles, 1968).
Note that the Aitutu Fm of LOC TL-11 is not reported as outcropping on
geological map.

Eni Timor Leste
3.3.1 LOCALITY TL-7 – NEAR MAUCHIGA SCHOOL

EASTERN TRIBUTARY OF WAILULI RIVER
(~400 M UPSTREAM OF INTERSECTION WITH WAILULI RIVER)
S08°55.947’
E125°34.641’
Gondwana Megasequence – Wailuli Fm
Biostratigraphy: Toarcian ammonites
Age: Early Jurassic
Lithology: Rhythmically-interbedded 10-20 cm competent light grey marl

and friable calcareous silty mudstone (Figure 3-15). Chondrites traces and large
ammonites are identified on some marl bedding plase (Figure 3-16 and
Figure 3-17).
Sample: ENI TL-15 light grey marl (LOC TL-7a)
Figure 3-15: LOC TL-7A – Wailuli Fm. Overview.

20m thick succession of steeply-dipping marl and calcareous shale.
Way-up is unknown. Blue arrow indicates downstream.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-16: LOC TL-7 – Wailuli Fm. Sample and trace fossils.
Location of sample ENI TL-15 (left photo) and branching Chondrites
traces on a marl bedding surface (right photo).
Sample: ENI TL-16 light grey calcareous mudstone (LOC TL-7b)
Figure 3-17: LOC TL7 – Wailuli Fm. Macrofossils.

Toarcian ammonite imprints; note bifurcation of large ridges on outer edge.

Eni Timor Leste
3.3.2 LOCALITY TL-8 -NR MAUCHIGA SETTLEMENT -

EASTERN TRIBUTARY OF WAILULI RIVER
(~80 M DOWNSTREAM OF LOC TL-7)
S08°55.903’
E125°34.632’
?Gondwana Megasequence – ?Wailuli Fm
Biostratigraphy: No dating available.
Age: Jurassic from geological map. Stratigraphic relationship between

this outcrop and LOC TL-7 is unknown.
Lithology: ~5 m thick dark grey shale (Figure 3-18).
Sample: ENI TL-17 dark grey shale
Figure 3-18: LOC TL-8 – ?Wailuli Fm. Oveview.

Dark grey shale of unknown age and formation.

Eni Timor Leste
3.3.3 LOCALITY TL-9A ,B ,C ,D – NR MAUCHIGA SETTLEMENT – WAILULI RIVER
S08°55.777’
E125°34.564’
?Gondwana Megasequence – ?Aitutu Fm
Biostratigraphy: Not available
Age: assumed to be Middle-Late Triassic, based on the geological map.
LOC TL-9A
Description: The outcrop consists of a ~10 m thick cliff of cm-dm bedded

calcilutites with subordinate cm-thick dark to light grey, locally slightly calcareous,
shale and rare non-calcareous black shales (Figure 3-19). Meso-scale structural
deformation (here a monoclinal fold), pervasive throughout the Gondwana
Megasequence, can be observed. The calcilutites are commonly bioturbated; even
though a low trace variety and degree of bioturbation is recorded (Figure 3-20).
Zoophycos (~1 cm long traces) and mm-scale Chondrites are recognised along with
possible subordinate Teichichnus. The calcilutites commonly pass sharply up into a
few cm-thick black mudstones with no bedding break (Figure 3-21).
Sample: ENI TL-18 very fissile black shale; ENI TL-19 massive black
shale; ENI TL-20 massive grey calcilutite
Figure 3-19: LOC TL-9A – ?Aitutu Fm.

Overview of outcrop and location of samples ENI TL-18 to 20 (orange star)

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-20: LOC TL-9A – ?Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils.

Chondrites and ?Zoophycos on calcilutite bedding plane.
Low trace variety and degree of bioturbation (B.I.:1-2).
Figure 3-21: LOC TL-9A – ?Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils.

Commonly the calcilutite passes sharply up into a few cm-thick
black mudstones with no bedding break. B.I.: 1.

Eni Timor Leste
LOC TL-9B - ~130 m upstream of LOC TL-9a
Description: Similar lithology, trace fossil assemblage and degree of

bioturbation as previous outcrop (Figure 3-22).
Figure 3-22: LOC TL-9B – ?Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils in calcilutite.

Low degree of bioturbation (B.I.1-2) and low trace variety.
LOC TL-9C ~ 190 m upstream of LOC TL-9B
Description: A very poor outcrop both in terms of exposure and thickness of

~1 m slightly calcareous light-grey shale with one laterally continuous 10 cm thick
fine-grained sandstone, which has a well developed horizontal lamination and sharp
bed boundaries (Figure 3-34).
Sample: ENI TL-21 brown fine-grained sandstone
Figure 3-23: LOC TL-9C –Triassic. Overview of outcrop.

Parallel laminated, brown fine-grained sandstone.

Eni Timor Leste
LOC TL-9D (further upstream of LOC TL-9C)
Description: A poor outcrop of pale grey calcilutite with low degree of

bioturbation and only one type of trace fossil (possibly Zoophycos; Figure 3-24).
Figure 3-24: LOC TL-9C –?Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils.

Pale grey calcilutite with low degree of bioturbation and
possible Zoophycos traces.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-25: Upper image: Zoophycos Ichnofacies (from Burns & Buatois, 2007);
Lower image: Shoreface model of soft ground ichnofacies successions
(Pemberton et al, 2001), the characteristic ichnofacies of the Aitutu Fm
is highlighted.

Eni Timor Leste
Before the next locality, a stop was made on top of ‘Telecom Tower Hill’, which has
panoramic views extending from the town of Maubisse (NW) to the Cablac Mountain
(SE).
Two possible very simplified NW-SE geologic sections are shown in Figure 3-26.
Figure 3-26: Interpreted panoramic photo.

Metamorphic Lolotoi Complex (of unknown age and Asiatic affinities)
thrusted over the Triassic Aitutu anticline (folded Triassic and Jurassic strata
outcropping in the Wailuli River valley).
The nature of the contact with the Cablac Mountain Triassic shallow water carbonates
is unknown. They are either thrusted over the Jurassic southern flank of the Aitutu
anticline or the represent the up-thrown side of a normal fault. The approximate line
of section is marked on the geological map (Audley-Charles, 1968).

Eni Timor Leste
3.3.4 LOCALITY TL-10 – NR AIRICALAU SETTLEMENT –

FATUK FAHE, ‘PIG ROCK’ (FIGURE 3-27)
S08°53.574’
E125°36.874’
Gondwana Megasequence - Aitutu Fm
Biostratigraphy: R.wigginsii dinoflagellate zone
Age: Carnian - Norian (Late Triassic)
Macrofossils: Ammonites in shale
Description: The outcrop is a ~3 m thick succession of very well indurated

10-40 cm thick calcilutite and marl interbedded with thinner calcareous dark grey
shale (with ammonites at specific horizons). Oil staining can be observed on fresh
limestone surfaces and there is a strong petroliferous odour. The oil staining is
associated with thin calcite filled veins (Figure 3-28).
Samples: ENI TL-22 grey calcilutite with oil stain; ENI TL-23 calcareous
black shale; ENI TL-24, ENI TL-25 black shale with ammonites.
Figure 3-27: Panoramic view of LOC TL-10 taken from the Wailuli River Valley

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-28: LOC TL-10 – Aitutu Fm.

A) Overview of outcrop
B) Oil-stained calcilutite associated with calcite vein
3.3.5 LOCALITY TL-11A, B – ROADSIDE OUTCROP BETWEEN AINARO AND SAME

(A) AND ROADSIDE OUTCROP ON OUTSKIRTS OF LISU HATI VILLAGE (B)
S08°55.789’
E125°36.394’
Gondwanan Megasequence - Babulu Fm
Biostratigraphy: S. speciosus - M. crenulatus spore-pollen zones
Age: Carnian to Norian (Late Triassic; Monteneiro, 2003)
LOC TL-11A
Description: ~5 m thick mudstone-dominated succession with few cm-bedded

sandstones (Figure 3-29). The sandstones are 5-1 cm thick, fine-grained,
structureless and with sharp bed boundaries. Correct way up was not identified.
Sample: ENI TL-26 very fine-grained sandstone
LOC TL-11B (80 m NE of LOC TL-11a)
Description: a 4 m thick succession of very weathered, amalgamated beds of

well cemented medium-grained sandstone with sharp bases and tops. One small
(2 mm) carbonaceous fragment was seen (Figure 3-29). Correct way up was not
identified.
Samples: ENI TL-27 grey medium-grained sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
B C
Figure 3-29: LOC TL-11A&B – Babulu Fm. Overview

A – LOC TL-11A, poor road side outcrop of the siliciclastic Babulu Fm;
B – detail of LOC TL-11A showing site of sample ENI TL-26;
C – LOC TL-11B, poor roadside exposure, amalgamated sandstones.

Eni Timor Leste
3.4 DAY 4 – 20/09/08

Itinerary
The majority of Day 4 was spent in the Wailuli River valley, upstream of LOC TL-9,
to investigate Triassic deposits in the southern limb of the Aitutu anticline
(Figure 3-30). The sections comprised siliciclastics of the Babulu Fm (LOC TL-12)
and calcilutites and black shale of the Aitutu Fm (LOC TL-12 to 14).
Localities TL-12 through TL-14 were accessed from the small town of Airicalau, with
a 1-hour descent through coffee bean plantations into the Wailuli River Valley.
Climbing over steep rock faces was required to reach LOC TL-14 and a relatively
short but very steep ascent was necessary to reach the car pick-up point on the
Ainaro-Hato Builico road. The final stop of the day (TL-15) was a cliff of red
fossiliferous Maubisse Fm limestone on the outskirts of Hato Builico, a 10 km drive
from the previous car pick-up point.
Figure 3-30: Day 4. Locality map and geological (ESCAP 2003) map
showing position of LOC TL-12 to TL-15.
The fold axis of the Aitutu Anticline is marked in red.

Eni Timor Leste
3.4.1 LOCALITY TL-12– NR AIRICALAU VILLAGE – UPSTREAM WAILULI RIVER
S08°54.181’
E125°36.280’
Gondwana Megasequence – Babulu Fm
Biostratigraphy: S. quadrifidus spore-pollen zone, Carnian foraminifera and

brachiopods.
Age: Middle to early Late Triassic
Description: More than 27 m thick overturned succession with interbedded

fine-grained sandstones, mudstones and one conglomeratic bed. No specific
vertical trends have been identified. The section constitutes cm/dm-thick (6 cm to
40 cm) fine-grained sandstone (F.A.3) interbedded with grey shale (F.A.4), with a
variable sandstone: shale ratio along the vertical. The sandstones are horizontally
laminated and locally have rippled tops and/or fine up. Recognised trace fossils are:
Planolites and possible Chondrites.
Towards the base of the section is ~1.5 m of very poorly sorted matrix-supported
conglomerate (F.A.1). Towards the top of the section is a 5 m thick succession of
amalgamated carbonaceous well-sorted massive fine-grained sandstone, crudely
bedded on m-scale (F.A.2). Plant debris and clay chips are recognised in the
sandstone (Figure 3-31).
F.A.2: amalgamated micaceous carbonaceous F.A.3

well-sorted fine-grained sandstone, crudely Interbedded cm/dm-thick (6cm to 40cm) fine-
bedded on m-scale. grained sandstone with sharp bases and
Massive (locally with faint horizontal lamination subordinate and thinner grey shale. Variable
Plant debris sandstone:shale ratio along the vertical.
The sanstone is locally fining-up to very fine-
grained, has common faint horizontal lamination
and locally rippled tops.
Figure 3-31: LOC TL-12 – Babulu Fm. Overview of some of the facies.
F.A.3 is the dominant facie association. Orange arrow shows way-up.

Eni Timor Leste
Sample: ENI TL-28 fine to very fine-grained sandstone, ENI TL-29 fine-
grained sandstone, ENI TL-30 medium-grained sandstone, ENI TL-31 grey shale,
ENI TL-32 medium-grained grey sandstone, ENI TL-33 fine-grained sandstone.

Eni Timor Leste
3.4.2 LOCALITY TL13– NR AIRICALAU VILLAGE

(UPSTREAM OF LOC TL-12) WAILULI RIVER
S08°53.872’
E125°35.947’
?Gondwana Megasequence – ? Aitutu Fm
Age: ?Triassic (from lithological similarity to dated outcrops and

geological map)
Description: A ~20 m thick outcrop of interbedded very well indurated

calcilutite (40-15 cm) and thinner marl/calcareous shale with tabular geometry
(Figure 3-32). Several shaling up cycles from calcilutite to calcareous black shales
are present (Figure 3-33). The tops are horizontally laminated and commonly
present trace fossils: oblique to vertical ?Skolithos (0.8 cm diameter) and Chondrites
(small horizontal traces 1 mm diameter, 4-5 mm in length).
Sample: ENI TL-34 fissile dark grey shale
Figure 3-32: LOC TL-13 - ?Aitutu Fm calcilutites.

Eni Timor Leste
A B
Figure 3-33: LOC TL-13 - ?Aitutu Fm.

A – shaling up calcilutite with horizontal lamination in topmost section;
B – possible Skolithos (boxed in yellow) and Chondrites traces
(circled in orange);
C – Chondrites traces
3.4.3 LOCALITY TL-14A – UPSTREAM OF LOC TL-13, WAILULI RIVER
S08°53.944’
E125°35.648’
?Gondwana Megasequence – ? Aitutu Fm
Age: Middle to Late Triassic (from lithological similarity to dated

outcrops and the geological map).

Eni Timor Leste
Description: A ~6 m outcrop of laterally extensive tabular beds of

interbedded, 30-40 cm thick black shales and grey calcilutites with sharp bases and
tops (Figure 3-34). Shale units are thicker than at LOC TL-13, reaching up to 1 m.
Pyrite nodules are common.
Sample: ENI TL35 black shale; ENI TL36 grey calcilutite
Figure 3-34: LOC TL-14A - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview.

Interbedded shales and calcilutites with position of samples
ENI TL-35 and ENI TL-36 highlighted.
3.4.4 LOCALITY TL-14B – ~25 M UPSTREAM OF LOC TL-14, WAILULI RIVER
No GPS coordinates.
?Gondwana Megasequence – ?Aitutu Fm
Age: Middle to Late Triassic (from lithological similarity to dated

outcrops and the geological map).
Description: differing from LOC TL-14a only in the fact that within the
calcilutites, rare ammonites and rare trace fossils are recognised (low variety and
degree of bioturbation – B.I.1 - Thalassinoides? and Zoophycos?). On hammering,
oil staining can be observed on fresh limestone surfaces, which appears to be
associated with thin calcite veins. There is also a faint to strong petroliferous odour.
In the black shales pyrite nodules are present (Figure 3-35, Figure 3-36, Figure
3-37,).
Sample: ENI TL-37 black shale; ENI TL38 and ENI TL-39 oil-stained
calcilutite.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-35: LOC TL-14B - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview.

A – Oxidised pyrite nodules in black shale.
B – Overview of outcrop and sample position.
Younging direction was not identified.
A B
Figure 3-36: LOC TL-14B - ?Aitutu Fm. Macro and trace fossils.
A – Light beige-weathered calcilutite with recrystallised ammonite;
B – Rare unidentified trace fossils (circled).

Eni Timor Leste
A B
Figure 3-37: LOC TL-14B - ?Aitutu Fm. Oil staining.

A – Calcilutite with oil staining associated with thin calcite veins
(red-circled area);
B – Black oil staining within large calcite vein

Eni Timor Leste
3.4.5 LOCALITY TL-15 – ROADSIDE EXPOSURE ~4 KM FROM HATO BUILICO

ALONG THE AIRICALAU ROAD
S08°52.988’
E125°31.334’
Gondwana Megasequence – Maubisse Fm
Biostratigraphy: Rare Fusulinidae macroforaminifera
Age: Sakmarian-Artinskian (Early Permian)
Description: Crudely bedded (0.5-1 m), lensoid shaped outcrop (~150 m high
and ~500 m across) dominated by red fossiliferous calcarenite with rare thin
mudstones (Figure 3-38).
Due to time constraints only loose blocks at the base of the cliff were quickly
observed and sampled. Common lithofacies are (Figure 3-39):
 Crinoidal floatstone to rudstone

 Crinoidal/bryozoan grainstone
 Bioclastic wackestone
Dominant fossils are crinoids (up to 10 cm long stems observed, Figure 3-40) and
bryozoan with subordinate ammonites, brachiopods (Spirifida), solitary rugose
corals, foraminifera and locally volcanic grains (McCartain, pers. comm., Figure
3-41).
Figure 3-38: LOC TL-15 - Maubisse Fm. Overview of outcrop.

A – Lensoid shaped outcrop of Maubisse Fm
(photo provided by E.McCartain).
B – Crudely bedded (0.5-1 m) red fossiliferous calcarenites
with rare thin mudstones.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-39: LOC TL-15 - Maubisse Fm. Lithofacies

observed in loose blocks at base of cliff.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-40: LOC TL-15 - Maubisse Fm. Crinoids.

Crinoid stem longitudinal sections observed in loose blocks at base of cliff.
Figure 3-41: LOC TL-15 - Maubisse Fm. Macrofossils

observed in loose blocks at base of cliff.
Sample: ENI TL-40 pink calcarenite.

Eni Timor Leste
3.5 DAY 5 – 21/09/08

Itinerary
Day 5 was spent in the Haemu River valley, east of Hato Builico to investigate
Triassic calcilutites and calcarenites of the Aitutu Fm (LOC TL-16, TL-18) and
Triassic Babulu Fm clastics (LOC TL-17; Figure 3-42). A 1-hour descent down a
steep path was required to reach the first outcrop. The last two outcrops required a
similarly long walk down valley and were not easily accessible.
Figure 3-42: Day 5. Location and geological (ESCAP 2003) maps

with position of outcrops LOCs TL-16 to 18.
Aerial map provided by E. McCartain

Eni Timor Leste
3.5.1 LOCALITY TL-16 – 5 KM EAST OF HATO BUILICO, HAEMU RIVER VALLEY
S08°53.941’
E125°33.354’
Gondwana Megasequence – ? Aitutu Fm
Age: Middle-Late Triassic (from geological map)
Description: ~30 m thick cliff of cm to dm bedded (50 cm average) calcilutites

with rare calcarenite intervals (Figure 3-43). The dominant facies is a thick
succession of cm-dm bedded calcilutite with abundant stylolites (Figure 3-44). The
subordinate facies are (Figure 3-44):
 very fine-grained oolitic calcarenites (easy to misinterpret these as micritic

calcilutites as the ooids are very fine-grained, less than 1 mm diameter);
 fining-up cycles of oolitic-bioclastic (bivalves? brachiopods?) calcarenite (30-
6 cm thick) grading to calcilutites.
Figure 3-43: LOC TL-16 - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview of carbonate outcrop.

Red box indicates observed section..
Stars are sample location and numbers.

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a) b)
Figure 3-44: LOC TL-16 - ?Aitutu Fm. Facies.

A – subordinate facies, oolitic-bioclastic calcarenite (30-6c m thick)
fining-up to calcilutite;
B – dominant facies: cm-dm bedded calcilutite with stylolites
Sample: ENI TL-41 grey oolitic calcarenite, ENI TL-42 normally graded
calcarenite with brachiopods/bivalves, ENI TL-43 normally graded calcarenite, ENI
TL-44 grey calcilutite, ENI TL45 grey calcilutite.

Eni Timor Leste
3.5.2 LOCALITY TL-17– 5 KM EAST OF HATO BUILICO, HAEMU RIVER VALLEY
S08°53.385’
E125°33.398’
Biostratigraphy: Lower S. speciosus spore pollen zone
Age: Middle Carnian to early Norian (Late Triassic).
Description: A ~ 8 m thick outcrop composed of a fining-up/thinning-up then

slightly coarsening-up succession of fine/very fine-grained micaceous carbonaceous
sandstone interbedded with grey shale. The outcrop is strongly weathered, covered
in moss and, in the lower section has closely spaced pencil-like cleavage. It is
overlain by a several 10s m thick exposure of Aitutu Fm carbonates. The contact
was not accessible, but was investigated by E.McCartain, who reported an
apparently gradational contact between the clastic and carbonate section
(Figure 3-45).
The clastic section can be split into 3 main facies associations (Figure 3-46;):
 a lower ~4 m thick section dominated by fine-grained sandstones with HCS

(each hummock wave lengthis 4-3.5 m, height ~0.5 m). The sandstones are
separated by 2 cm thick shale partings (F.A.1).
 a middle 3 m thick section dominated by heterolithics; cm-interbedded very fine-
grained sandstone and grey mudstone. The sandstones are well laminated
(horizontally or low angle?) with sharp bases and locally wave rippled tops
(F.A.3).
 an upper section with interbedded cm to dm thick fine to very fine-grained
sandstone with HCS and grey mudstone with a sand: shale ratio of 40 to 60%
(F.A.2).
Trace fossils are not identified but this could be due to the poor quality exposure
(moss and dirt covering outcrop faces).
Sample: ENI TL-46 HCS sandstone; ENI TL47 parallel to low angle
laminated fine-grained sandstone; ENI TL-48 silty grey shale; ENI TL-49 HCS
sandstone.

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Figure 3-45: ?Aitutu Fm carbonate cliff overlying shoreface sandstone of LOC-TL-17
Figure 3-46: LOC TL-17 - ?Babulu Fm. Evidence for oscillatory wave action:
A - wave ripples with symmetrical crests;
B & C - Hummocky cross-stratified sandstone.
Orange arrow indicates way-up.

Eni Timor Leste
3.5.3 LOCALITY TL-18– 5 KM EAST OF HATO BUILICO,

HAEMU RIVER VALLEY
S08°54.403’
E125°37.465’
Age: Middle to Late Triassic from geological map.
Description: The outcrop is an overall fining-up succession (Figure 3-47),

which starts with a 2 m thick succession of trough cross-laminated calcarenites
(F.A.1), overlain by ~60 cm of cm-interbedded wavy calcarenite and calcilutites
(F.A.2), passing up into calcilutite with abundant stylolites (F.A.3). The calcarenite
at the base is a grainstone with shallow water grains such as grapestones, ooids,
algae and other grains with micritic envelopes (McCartain pers. comm.). The trough
cross-lamination is small scale (10-20 cm set height) and a decrease in set height in
the top 30 cm of the bed is observed.
A B
Figure 3-47: LOC TL-18 - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview and main facies.
A – Overview of outcrop, with facies association, boundaries and sample
points highlighted;
B – Detail of F.A.2, interbedded wavy calcilutites and calcarenites;
C – Detail of F.A.1, trough cross-bedded calcarenite
Sample: ENI TL-50 trough cross-laminated calcarenite, ENI TL51 wavy

bedded calcarenite; ENI TL52 stylolitic calcilutite; ENI TL53 wavy bedded
calcarenite and calcilutite.

Eni Timor Leste
3.6 DAY 6 – 22/09/08

Itinerary
Day 6 was spent investigating the geology around the town of Maubisse. The first
locality was 5 km to the west, near the settlement of Daisulu. Here Permian
Maubisse Fm macro-fossiliferous pink carbonates interbedded with basalts outcrop
along the Ernala river valley (LOC TL-19). The next localities visited comprised
outcrops of Wailuli Fm mudstones (LOC TL-20) and Triassic ?Aitutu/Babulu Fm
(LOC TL-21), ~30 km east of Maubisse, along the Asukai river bed (Figure 3-48).
Due to logistical constraints, only a short amount of time was available at these
localities.
Figure 3-48: Day 6. Location and geological (ESCAP 2003) maps.

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3.6.1 LOCALITY TL-19– 5 KM WEST OF MAUBISSE,

NR DAISULI SETTLEMENT, ERNALA RIVER VALLEY
S08°48.815’
E125°32.918’
Gondwana Megasequence – Maubisse Fm
Biostratigraphy: Permian by rare fusulinid foraminifera
Description: Permian amygdaloidal basalts and macro-fossiliferous pinkish

carbonates outcrop along the river bed. The outcrop is only a few metres high but
the near vertical dips allow investigation the section for ~150 m. The river appears
to be running along a fault which displaces beds on either side of the valley by a few
metres (Figure 3-49). Only the western side was investigated and the correct way
up was not identified. Large (m- to dm-scale) limestone blocks are entrained in the
basalt less than 2 m from the contact with the carbonates (Figure 3-50).
Within the calcirudite/calcarenite, large macrofossils can be observed, including

solitary rugose corals, colonial tabulate corals and gastropods (for photos of
macrofossils refer to Figure 3-50). The basalt is greenish grey with vesicles that are
in-filled with possibly green epidote or chlorite and white quartz.
This outcrop is part of a ~1.5 km succession composed of interbedded limestone

and extrusive volcanics outcropping along the Ernala River and passes up
(stratigraphically or in elevation?) into interbedded limestone and volcaniclastic
sandstone which make up the nearby hill (E. McCartain pers. comm.). Due to time
constraints it was only possible to observe the lowermost part of this succession.
Figure 3-49: LOC TL-19 – Maubisse Fm. Overview of outcrop and schematic lithofacies
succession.
The pink box represents the position of outcrop.
Stars and numbers refer to collected sample.

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Figure 3-50: LOC TL-19 – Maubisse Fm. Macrofosils and Limestone-basal contact.
From left to right: - Macrofossils of Maubisse Fm; – overview of limestone-
basalt contact; – Close-up of country rock rip-off clasts entrained in basalt
Sample: ENI TL-54 amygdaloidal basalt; ENI TL-51 fossiliferous

calcarenite/ calcirudite

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3.6.2 LOCALITY TL-20– 30 KM EAST OF MAUBISSE

NR MANELOBAS VILLAGE, ALONG THE ASUKAI RIVER
S08°48.815’
E125°32.918’
Gondwana Megasequence – Wailuli Fm
Biostratigraphy: N.deflanderi dinoflagellate zone
Age: Late Bajocian (Middle Jurassic)
Description: A ~6 m thick cliff of heavily deformed (sheared) dark to light grey

siliciclastic carbonaceous shale with minor marl intercalations. Lenses of the more
competent marl display right lateral shear (Figure 3-51). Unidentified trace fossils
are observed in the siliciclastic shale (Figure 3-52).
Figure 3-51: LOC TL-20 – Wailuli Fm. Overview.

Competent light-grey marl lenses highlighting right-lateral
shear deformation in dark grey siliciclastic shale.
Stars and numbers indicate sample points.

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Figure 3-52: LOC TL-20 – Wailuli Fm.

Unidentified trace fossils in dark grey siliciclastic shale.
Sample: ENI TL-56 & ENI TL-57 dark grey terrigenous shale; ENI TL-58
pale grey marl.

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3.6.3 LOCALITY TL-21A, B – 30 KM EAST OF MAUBISSE

NR MANELOBAS VILLAGE, ALONG THE ASUKAI RIVER
S08°50.457’
E125°40.170’
Gondwana Megasequence – ?Babulu Fm
Age: Triassic from geological map.
LOC TL-21A
Description: A thick succession of tectonically deformed shales with

subordinate sandstone beds outcrops along the Asukai River. At LOC TL-21a
~14 m fining-up clastic succession with low sand: shale ratio (30%:70%) is present
but there was very limited time available at this locality. The sandstones present a
tabular geometry, are fine-grained, argillaceous, cm-thick (~12 cm) and organised in
faintly fining-up cycles (F.A.1). Some beds are moderately to strongly bioturbated
(B.I. 4 to 6). Towards the top of one bed Chondrites traces are identified together
with a possible vertical section of a horizontal Thalassinoides burrow (2 cm
diameter, elliptical). Where bioturbation does not disrupt the structures, a faint
horizontal lamination is observed.
The sandstone is interbedded with horizontally laminated sandy/shaly siltstone

(F.A.2) and dark-grey shale with variable proportions of bioturbated sandstone
streaks, laminae, cm-thick sandstone beds and starved ripples (F.A.3).

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Figure 3-53: LOC TL-21A - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview, sedimentary and biogenic structures.
A - Overview of outcrop and sample locations marked by a star;
B - Example of upward fining horizontally laminated sandstone;
C - Chondrites traces on upper bedding surface.
Samples: Listed in stratigraphic order: ENI TL-59 and ENI TL-60 silty grey
shale; ENI TL-61, ENI TL-62 and ENI TL-63 parallel laminated well indurated fine-
grained sandstone; ENI TL64 less indurated parallel laminated argillaceous fine-
grained sandstone; ENI TL-65 silty grey shale.

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LOC TL-21B (20 m downstream of LOC TL-21A)
Description: LOC TL21A and A are separated by a heavily folded interval and
so the stratigraphic relationship between the two sections is unclear.
Similar to the previous outcrop, LOC TL-21B comprises a ~6 m fining-up and

thinning-up succession of tabular fine-grained sandstone interbedded with shales
(Figure 3-54). The succession is in turn composed of 3 fining-up thinning-up cycles
(Figure 3-64). The sandstones have a sharp base and top, are massive at the base,
becoming horizontally laminated upwards and can present a rippled top (F.A.1).
They appear cleaner and less bioturbated than at the previous locality and are
associated with cm-interbedded (~2 cm average) ripple laminated fine-grained
sandstone and silty grey shale (F.A.2). The succession fines up to and is underlain
by grey silty shale.
TL66
TL67
340
Figure 3-54: LOC TL-21B - ?Aitutu Fm. Overview of outcrop.

Triangles indicate the 3 fining-up successions arranged in an overall fining-
up trend.
Samples: ENI TL-67 grey silty shale; ENI TL-66 sandstone.

Eni Timor Leste
3.7 DAY 7 – 23/09/08

Itinerary
Following a ~50 km drive east of Dili, the entire day was spent around the town of
Manatutu, investigating the complex and heterogeneous siliciclastic deposits of the
Middle to Late Triassic Babulu Fm (Figure 3-65). In the Manatutu area, access to
the outcrop is easy but working conditions are hard due to the high temperature
coupled with extremely high humidity levels.
The first stop of the day (LOC TL-22A, B, C, D) comprised four small (few metre)
roadside outcrops of interbedded sandstone and mudstone and one carbonate
conglomerate, on the Sauhuhun Hill bordering the southern outskirts of Manatutu.
The next stop (LOC TL-23) was investigated on Domihuhun Hill, which rises to the
south east of the town. Here, a thick succession of conglomerates and coarse-
grained sandstone outcrops was observed. The final location (LOC TL-24)
comprised an excellent section of undeformed, amalgamated sandstones on the
east bank of the Laclo River. Because of low structural dip, the vertical section
exposed is not extensive but there is considerable lateral exposure. Further
geological fieldwork is strongly recommended in the Manatutu area as there was
insufficient time available to fully evaluate the outcrops.
Figure 3-55: Day 7. Location and geological (ESCAP 2003) maps.

Aerial photograph provided by E. McCartain. The geological map incorrectly
shows Jurassic Wailulu Fm as outcropping around the town of Manatutu.

Eni Timor Leste
3.7.1 LOCALITY TL-22A, B, C, D – MANATUTU, SAUHUHUN HILL
Four (4) small outcrops were investigated along the road that winds up the side of
Sauhuhun Hill (Figure 3-56). They will be described in order of appearance. Visible
tectonic deformation and vegetation/scree cover has not made it possible to define
the relative stratigraphic position of the outcrops.
Figure 3-56: LOC TL-22. Panoramic photos.

A - Views from Sauhuhun Hill into the Laclo River alluvial plain;
B - views of the Sauhuhun Hill (LOC TL-22) from Domihuhun Hill
(LOC TL-23);
C - A sketch of the relative position of outcrops on the Sauhuhun Hill
(arrow points uphill).
Locality TL-22A
S08°30.879’
E125°00.629’
Biostratigraphy: Not definitive, different workers have assigned different ages. S.

quadrifidus spore-pollen zone (E. McCartain); M. crenulatus – S. speciosus spore
pollen zone and W. listeri dinoflagellate zone (Roniewicz, 2005)

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Description: The outcrop is an overturned, approximately 3 m thick

succession, of interbedded sandstone and shale with a sand:shale ratio of 70:30%
(Figure 3-57). At the base of the section is a ~1 m thick low angle cross-bedded
medium-grained sandstone (F.A.1), the top of which is scoured. Heterolithics
(F.A.3) infill the erosive scour onlapping on the eroded sandstone and thus the finer-
grained unit is seen thinning along section (from a few dm above the scour site to a
few cm). The heterolithics are composed of mudstone with (5 mm to cm thick)
rippled fine-grained sandstone (ripple wavelength 10-15 cm). Planolites traces at the
base of the sandstone beds are recognised. These are overlain by a lenticular
20 cm-thick cross-bedded medium-grained sandstone unit, approximately 4 m long,
pinching out along section.
This sandstone, in turn, is onlapped by two thin sandstone beds infilling the
topographic low to the side of the lobe. These pass up into a 1 m thick coarsening-
up and thickening-up succession of heterolithics to interbedded dm-thick fine-
grained sandstone and thin shale. The topmost sandstones are medium-grained
and are either massive or with sub-parallel to low angle lamination, presenting a
rippled top. Clay chips can be seen at base of beds or entrained along foresets. All
sandstones have sharp bases and some have (sub)horizontal burrows of 1 cm
diameter ?Planolites and ‘hand shaped’ Dactyloidies (Figure 3-58).
Lenticular sandstone
pinching out up-slope
Heterolithics infilling an
220
erosive scour, onlapping on
eroded sandstone &
thinning uphill.
Thin sandstone onlapping

on and filling the low
formed by lenticular sstn
TL68
Coarsening/thickening
-up section
Figure 3-57: LOC TL22-A. Babulu Fm. Overview.

Orange arrow indicates younging direction, star shows sample position. Red
dashed line shows slightly erosive surface.

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Figure 3-58: LOC TL22-A. Babulu Fm. Trace fossils.

Dactyloidies (shallow marine trace fossils) at the base of medium-grained
sandstone beds (F.A.2). The bioturbation index is moderate: 3
Sample: ENI TL-68 fine-grained sandstone from F.A.2.
3.7.2 LOCALITY TL22B - 130M UP HILL/NE OF TL22A
Biostratigraphy: S. quadrifidus spore-pollen zone
Description: In between LOC TL-22A and TL-22B the section is heavily

deformed so it is difficult to define their stratigraphic relationship. LOC TL-22B is a
~1.5 m section of interbedded 30-5 cm thick fine-grained sandstone and subordinate
mudstone, with no specific vertical trend recognised, overlying a dominantly muddy
succession (Figure 3-59). In the thicker basal sandstone a faint horizontal to slightly
oblique lamination and trace fossils are observed at the base (slightly meandering
cross cutting , 2 mm diameter Planolites traces, possible Thalassinoides and one
?Lorenzina (Figure 3-60). The thinner beds show climbing ripples (Figure 3-59).
Compared to LOC TL-22a, the succession has a lower sandstone: shale ratio, the
sandstones are finer-grained and neither erosive bases nor clay chips are seen.

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Figure 3-59: LOC TL-22B. Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop.

Red box indicates position of the trace fossils and yellow rectangle
shows position of the rippled sandstone of Figure 5-61.
Figure 3-60: LOC TL-22B. Babulu Fm Climbing ripples in fine sandstone

(yellow arrow indicates way up).

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3.7.3 LOCALITY TL-22C - TOP OF THE SAUHUHUN HILL

(OPPOSITE ABANDONED MANATUTU POUSSADA)
S08°30.945’
E126°00.592’
Description: Poor outcrop, a ~2 m thick matrix supported conglomerate

overlying a ~3 m thick grey shale succession (Figure 3-61). The conglomerate
clasts are subangular to subrounded, on average ~2 cm in diameter but some larger
ones (8-6 cm) are also present. Recognised clasts are calcilutite and small
oncoliths (2-3 mm). The matrix is a siliciclastic sandstone dominated by quartz
(McCartain pers. comm.).
Sample: ENI TL-69 fossiliferous grey shale at base of conglomerate
Figure 3-61: LOC TL-22C. Babulu Fm. Overview and detail of conglomerate.
Matrix-supported conglomerate overlying fossiliferous grey shale in front
of Manatutu Poussada.

Eni Timor Leste
3.7.4 LOCALITY TL-22D - TOP OF SAUHUHUN HILL
Description: This outcrop is possible laterally equivalent to LOC TL-22A. The

section was not studied in detail, due to time constraints. It is a 4 m thick
succession of cm-dm bedded (~10-20 cm thick) sandstone with subordinate shale.
Some of the sandstones present rippled tops. One channelised sandstone is
observed, 50-60 cm thick in axis (Figure 3-62).
Figure 3-62: LOC TL-22D - Babulu Fm. Overview.

LOC TL-22D is possibly the lateral equivalent of LOC TL-22A.
The red dashed lines marks a channelised sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
3.7.5 LOCALITY TL-23 DOMIHUHUN HILL

(1.5 KM EAST OF LOC TL-22)
Biostratigraphy: S. quadrifidus – S. speciosus spore-pollen zone

Description: The entire hill is composed of a 10s of metre thick succession of
sandstone, conglomerate and subordinate shale (Figure 3-63). The outcrop, which
is overturned, is extremely weathered, covered in scree, and evidence of small scale
folding is abundant especially in the lower section. The upper section appears
undeformed.
Figure 3-63: LOC TL-23. Babulu Fm outcropping at base of Domihuhun Hill.
The 35 m section is an upward-coarsening succession from medium-grained

sandstone to conglomerate with rare mudstone intervals. The observed bed
geometry is tabular but only a small section of the outcrop was visible both along the
vertical and along strike. Four (4) main facies associations are identified
(Figure 3-64):
F.A.1 - dm-bedded sharp based clast-supported conglomerate. One bed has an
irregular mounded top (original relief?) onto which sandstone beds onlap.
F.A.2 - Fining-up cycles; 0.5-1 m thick, locally micaceous medium- to fine-grained
sandstone or siltstone. Sedimentary features include: sharp bases, large clay chips,
tangential cross-bedding and in the better developed cycles horizontal stratification
at top of cycles.
F.A.3 – Faintly fining-up cycles comprising ~0.5-1 m thick, medium- to fine-grained
sandstone/siltstone with a faint horizontal lamination. Sole marks observed at the
base of some beds.
F.A.4 (subordinate facies) – cm-interbedded rippled upper fine-grained sandstone
and mudstone.

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On a loose block of micaceous sandstone, large (20-5 cm) plant fragments are
observed.
Samples: ENI TL-70 fine-medium-grained pale brown sandstone; ENI TL-

71 medium-grained sandstone ; ENI TL-72 fine- to very fine-grained sandstone; ENI
TL-73 fine- to medium-grained parallel laminated sandstone; ENI TL-74A fine-
grained sandstone; ENI TL-74B loose cobble of conglomerate.
Onlap of tabular medium sandstone beds on F.A.2: Tangential cross bedding and large clay
conglomerate mound (F.A.1 in red) chips in 50cm-1m thick medium- to fine-
grained sandstone
F.A.3: ~0.5-1m F.A.4:

thick, faintly cm-interbedded
fining-up cycles rippled upper fine-
of grained sandstone
medium-grained and mudstone
sandstone to
fine-grained
sandstone/
siltstone.
Crude horizontal
TL72 lamination.
Figure 3-64: LOC TL-23. Babulu Fm. Main facies.

Orange arrow indicates way up.

Eni Timor Leste
3.7.6 LOCALITY TL-24 – NR MANATUTU - LACLO RIVER

(1 KM TO SW OF LOC TL-22)
S 08° 31.059
E 126° 00.168
Biostratigraphy: M. crenulatus – S. speciosus spore pollen zones (Monteiro, 2003)
Description: In LOC TL-24 a thick overturned succession of dominantly

amalgamated sandstone is observed dipping to the east. The 15 m section is
comprised almost entirely of laterally continuous, amalgamated sandstone and
clast-supported conglomerate organised in 3 stacked upward-fining and thinning
successions (Figure 3-65 and Figure 3-66). The sandstone beds are tabular and
extend for 100s of metres. Three main facies associations are recognised:
Figure 3-65: LOC TL-24 - Babulu Fm.

Overview of lower (A) and middle (B) section of studied outcrop with detail of
dominant facies (C and D). Outcrop is overturned (orange arrow indicates way up; Dashed
lines are incision surfaces; C - Detail of upward projecting clast at top of conglomerate, in
turn passing up into thinner bedded fine-grained sandstone;
D – fining-upward amalgamated sandstones.)

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Figure 3-66: LOC TL-24 - Babulu Fm. Overview and details of uppermost studied section.
A – Cross-bedded micro-conglomeratic lens/lobe within laterally continuous
fine-grained sandstone beds;
B – Close-up of well-cemented micro-conglomerate, faint cross-bedding
highlighted by black dashed lines. Orange arrow indicates way up.
F.A.1: a) Amalgamated erosive-based clast-supported conglomerate and pebbly

granulestone. Calcilutite clasts (diameter of40-2 cm) and rare oncoliths
are recognised possibly with a crude horizontal orientation. Upward
projecting clasts at the top of the conglomerate.
b) Medium/fine-grained sandstone with escape structure, parallel lamination

and rare rounded, floating pebbles (3-4 cm diameter).
c) Cross-bedded conglomerate lens/lobe (2 m wide – 40 cm height) with

subangular to subrounded clasts (0.5-2 cm) and rare crinoid ossicles.
F.A.2: Fining-up, thinning-up cycles (2 – 0.4 m thick), massive medium- to fine-

grained sandstone. The top of each cycle is rich in small clay chips and
has a faint parallel lamination. One cycle has a matrix supported
conglomerate at the base (rounded clasts ranging in size from 10-
15 cm).
F.A.3: a) 40-20 cm thick fine-grained, micaceous sandstone, massive or with faint

horizontal lamination.

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b) 10-20 cm thick upper fine- to very fine-grained sandstone beds

separated by siltstone partings. Faint parallel and ripple cross
lamination. Possible rare horizontal burrows.
The lower fining-up cycle is constituted by F.A.2 with the cycles becoming
progressively thinner and finer-grained up-section. The second cycle begins with 3
conglomerates with deeply scoured bases (F.A.1), and is overlain by horizontally
laminated fine-grained sandstones of F.A.3. The third cycle is composed almost
entirely of F.A.3, with rippled and horizontally laminated sandstone becoming
progressively finer-grained up-section. Towards the top a well cemented, cross-
bedded conglomerate lens (F.A.1.c) is found embedded in the sandstone.
Samples: ENI TL-75 fine to medium-grained parallel laminated sandstone;

ENI TL-76 cross-bedded conglomerate; ENI TL-77 poorly sorted medium-grained
sandstone with granules; ENI TL-78 massive medium-grained sandstone.
Note: the section continues both above and below studied interval. Stratigraphically
above, looking at the cliff from a distance, it appears more mudstone dominated.
Logging the entire exposed section is recommended.

Eni Timor Leste
3.8 DAY 8 – 24/09/08

Itinerary
The whole day was spent investigating outcrops along a western tributary of the
Sumasse River a few km SE of the town of Cribas (Figure 3-67). Three sections of
the Permian Cribas Fm (LOC TL-25a, b, c) were investigated in the morning. In the
afternoon small outcrops of Triassic Babulu sandstone (LOC TL-26) and Early
Triassic Niof Fm (LOC TL-27) were visited.
The geological map in this area appears to be incorrect (Figure 3-67) as it does not
show the Permian Cribas Fm outcropping at LOC TL-25, instead Triassic rocks
(Aitutu-Babulu-Niof Fms) are mapped.
Figure 3-67: Day 8. Location and geological (Audley Charles, 1968) maps.
Aerial photo provided by E. McCartain.

Eni Timor Leste
3.8.1 LOCALITY TL25 – ~5 KM SW OF CRIBAS

ALONG A WESTERN TRIBUTARY OF SUMASSE RIVER
In the three localities where the Cribas Fm outcrops only selective observation of a
~500m section was performed due to time constraints. The outcrops form the river bed.
Locality TL-25A
S08°41.447’
E125°57.767’
Gondwana Megasequence – Cribas Fm
Age: ? Permian
Description: An 18 m thick section is an overall coarsening-up succession of

well-developed, amalgamated upward fining cycles of purplish-red fine- to very fine-
grained sandstone (F.A.2b), passing up into interbedded very coarse- to fine-
grained sandstone cycles (F.A.2a) and pebbly mudstones/ conglomerates (F.A.1).
Up section, the size of clasts in the pebbly mudstone increases from a maximum
diameter of ~7 cm in the lower beds to a maximum of ~25 cm in the uppermost bed.
At the scale of the outcrop (few metres), the geometry of the beds seems tabular.
The main facies associations are (Figure 3-68 ):
F.A.1 a) Pebbly mudstone / matrix-supported conglomerate. ~ 1 m thick units of

purplish red silty mudstone matrix with angular to subrounded clasts
(0.5-25 cm diameter) of sandstone, micrite, green mudstone and
laminated sandstone. Some intervals contain smaller floating clasts of
only grey siltstone (1-7 cm diameter) and red mudstone (mm-cm
diameter). Only one lower bedding boundary was observed and the unit
was sharp based.
b) Clast-supported mudstone-conglomerate with horizontally aligned

subangular clasts of red silty mudstone (up to 6 cm diameter) and grey
mudstone (up to 34 cm diameter). No sandstone clasts were observed.
F.A.2 a) 0.3 – 1 m thick fining-up cycles of granulestone to medium/fine-grained

sandstone with abundant crinoid ossicles defining a well developed
horizontal lamination. Locally, soft sediment deformation at cycle top
and loading at the base. The top of one bed presents unusual structures
in fine-grained sandstone. They can be described as a combination of
wavy lamination and ripples with low angle truncation surfaces.
b) 0.2 – 1 m thick fining-up cycles of very fine-grained muscovite-rich

purplish-grey sandstone to silty mudstone. The beds are sharp to
erosive based and horizontal lamination is dominant. Locally clay chips
are found at top of bed, scattered throughout or aligned parallel to
lamination. Rare small scale trough cross-bedding to wavy lamination
(set height 6 cm) is observed at the base of some cycles. Some tops are
bioturbated with possible Planolites traces and dewatering structures
which resemble small (2 cm wide) dish structures are also observed.

Eni Timor Leste
F.A.3 1.5 m thick purple red silty mudstone.
Sample: ENI TL-79 very fine-grained sandstone; ENI TL-80 very fine-
grained sandstone; ENI TL-81 bioclastic medium-grained sandstone; ENI TL-82 red
mudstone; ENI TL-83 very coarse-grained bioclastic sandstone
F.A. 2a
Fining-up granulestone to
medium/fine-grained sandstone
with abundant crinoid ossicles
defining horizontal lamination.
F.A.2b
Fining-up cycles of very
F.A. 1a fine-grained muscovite-
Pebbly mudstone rich purplish-grey
sandstone to silty
mudstone.
F.A.3: Purple red

silty mudstone
Figure 3-68: LOC TL-25A – Cribas Fm. Main facies

Yellow arrow indicates way up.

Eni Timor Leste
Locality TL-25B
S08°41.409’
E125°57.795’
Biostratigraphy: D. ericianus spore-pollen zone
Age: Middle Permian
Description: Series of 0.2-1 m thick fining-up cycles of grey very fine-grained

sandstone to micaceous siltstone/mudstone (Figure 3-69). Due to time constraints,
only a representative section was described. Two main facies association are
observed:
F.A.1: 0.2-1 m thick fining-up cycles of grey very fine-grained sandstone to

micaceous siltstone/mudstone with (moving up cycle) sharp to erosive
bases, locally 2 mm clay chips just above base, small scale tabular and
?trough cross-lamination (set height 5 cm), faint horizontal to low angle
lamination and locally ripple lamination. The top of the cycles present a
low degree of bioturbation - B.I. 1 with a few discrete Chondrites
(Figure 3-70).
F.A.2 Grey mudstone with cm interbedded light grey siltstone. The siltstone
can be present as starved ripples and streaks or horizontally laminated
and normally graded thin siltstone beds (max 1.5 cm thick). Locally there
is a low degree of bioturbation. One large (60 cm by 20 cm) calcite
cemented nodule parallel to bedding is observed.
Figure 3-69: LOC TL-25B – Cribas Fm. Overview of outcrop.

Triangles indicate fining-up cycles, stars show location of sample points.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-70: LOC TL-25B – Cribas Fm. Physical and biogenic traces.
A - Detail of Chondrites traces on top surface of uppermost cycle.
B – Two (2) amalgamated fining-up cycles.
Orange dashed lines indicate base of cycles.
Samples: ENI TL-84 silty grey mudstone; ENI TL-85 and ENI TL-86 grey
very fine-grained sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
Locality TL-25C
S08°41.381’
E125°57.689’
Biostratigraphy: D. ericianus spore-pollen zone
Age: Middle Permian
Description: Again, due to time constraints, only a small representative

section was studied at this locality.. The ~12 m section begins with ~4 m of red silty
mudstone containing scattered sub angular to subrounded pebbles (30-4 cm
diameter), which is overlain by amalgamated 3-4 m thick fining-up cycles of green
granular/v.coarse-grained sandstone passing up into medium-grained sandstone,
locally with horizontal lamination (Figure 3-71). The sandstones have both erosive
and sharp bases.
F.A.2: Amalgamated fining-up cycles of

granule-rich very coarse to laminated
medium-grained sandstone
TL87
Erosive base F.A.2
F.A.1: Pebbly silty red mudstone
Laminated m sst
Figure 3-71: LOC TL-25C – Cribas Fm. Overview of outcrops and facies details.
Sample: ENI TL-87 very coarse-grained to granular sandstone.

Eni Timor Leste
3.8.2 LOCALITY TL-26A
S08°41.557’
E125°58.391’
?Gondwana Megasequence – ?Babulu Fm
Age: Triassic from geological map.
Description: The outcrop is an approximately 6 m thick vertical cliff dominated

by carbonaceous micaceous medium-fine-grained sandstone overlaying a ~2 m
thick dark shale succession. The fine- to medium-grained basal sandstones are
tabular cross-bedded with set height of ~2 m. These are, in turn, sharply overlain by
an ~1.5 m succession of dm-bedded current and wave rippled sandstones with sub-
vertical possible Skolithos burrows of ~5 mm diameter (Figure 3-72). Sandstones
similar to the basal strata cap the succession.
B C
Figure 3-72: LOC TL-26A – ?Babulu Fm.

A – Overview of outcrop, physical and biogenic structures.
(younging direction is towards the top);
B – symmetrical wave ripples;
C – bedding plane with symmetrical wave ripples and sub-vertical burrow
(Skolithos?).
Samples: In stratigraphic order: ENI TL-88 silty grey brown mudstone;

ENI TL-89 and ENI TL-90 fine-grained sandstone.

Eni Timor Leste
3.8.3 LOCALITY TL-26B

(20 M DOWNSTREAM-EASTWARD OF LOC TL-26A)
Age: Middle-Late Triassic
Description: A~ 5m high riverbank cutting of 2-5 cm fine/very fine-grained

sandstone units thinly interbedded with dark-grey silty mudstone and 1-2 cm thick
lighter grey siltstone (Figure 3-73). The sandstones are micaceous, carbonaceous
and have a sharp base. They are extremely well-indurated, react slightly to HCl and
show current ripple, climbing ripples and horizontal laminations (Figure 3-74). A
40 cm long, 1 cm diameter subhorizontal burrow infilled with coarse sand is
observed, possibly a Thalassinoides burrow (Figure 3-74).
Figure 3-73: LOC TL-26B – Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop.


Eni Timor Leste
Subcritically climbing ripple becoming

supercritical at top
Thalassinoides burrow infilled with

coarse-grained sandstone.
Figure 3-74: LOC TL-26B – Babulu Fm. Sedimentary and biogenic structures.
A – 40 cm long sub-vertical burrow, possible Thalassinoides;
B – Subcritical climbing ripple becoming supercritical at top;
C – Detail of sub-vertical burrow infilled with coarse-grianed sandstone
(the latter is not observed in overlying section, which suggests that the coarse-grained
sandstone has been eroded and the burrow could represent a Glossifungites ichnofacies-
highlighting a discontinuity developed possibly at a Transgressive surface)
Sample: ENI TL-91 grey silty shale

Eni Timor Leste
3.8.4 LOCALITY TL-27 - CONFLUENCE OF SUMASSE RIVER WITH WESTERN TRIBUTARY
Gondwana Megasequence – Niof Fm

(equivalent of Mount Goodwin Sub-Group in Bonaparte Basin)
Biostratigraphy: K. saeptatus to P. samoilovichii spore-pollen zones
Age: Early Triassic (Induan)
Macrofossils: Bedding surfaces with a high concentration of imprints of thin

shelled Claraia bivalves (Figure 3-76).
Description: A ~10 m thick outcrop of mm-thick colour banded (black, green,

red, off-white) extremely fissile siliciclastic claystone (Figure 3-75).
Sample: ENI TL-92 and ENI TL93 multicoloured claystone
B
A
Figure 3-75: LOC TL-27 – Niof Fm. A – Overview of outcrop; B&C – Detail of variegated,
finely bedded claystone

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-76: LOC TL-27 – Niof Fm. Macrofossils.

Close-up of Claraia bivalve imprints on bedding surface

Eni Timor Leste
3.9 DAY 9 – 25/09/08

Itinerary
Day 9 was spent investigating Permian sediments exposed in the Cribas anticline.
The outcrop was accessed via a 2 km descent into the Akraun River valley, starting
from the town of Cribas. The river trends N-S and cuts across the E-W fold axis of
the Cribas anticline (Figure 3-77). A 2.5 km walk downstream was undertaken to
observe the northern limb of the anticline as the closer southern limb was poorly
exposed. The northern limb presents an excellent, near continuous exposure of the
Permian succession (Atahoc and Cribas Fms) with relatively little structural
deformation. It is considered one of the best exposed outcrops in Timor-Leste.
In the core of the anticline, Early Permian (or possibly Late Carboniferous) HCS
sandstones outcrop. As yet, no ages have been successfully obtained for the
sandstones and dating comes from forams and ammonites in an Early Permian
(Sakmarian) calcarenite interval further up section below a very thick black shale
interval. Due to time constraints only this bottom section (~68 m) was investigated.
Further upsection, Early Permian Artinskian siliciclastics sandstones and shales
outcrop, followed by well dated Early Triassic sandstones and Middle to Late
Triassic siliciclastic and carbonate strata (E.McCartain pers. comm..).
studied
section
Figure 3-77: Day 9. Location and geological maps.

Bottom right hand corner – Summary of dating of strata outcropping along
the Akraun river (after E. McCartain); the studied section is highlighted in
orange.

Eni Timor Leste
3.9.1 LOCALITY TL28 – EAST OF CRIBAS – AKRAUN RIVER
Start of section: End of Section:

S8°40.712’ S S08°40.464’
E125°01.273’ E126°01.304’
Gonwana Megasequence – Atahoc Fm and possibly the oldest

(Late Carboniferous?) un-metamorphosed strata in Timor.
Biostratigraphy: M. trisina – P. pseudoreticulata spore-pollen zones
Age: Early Permian (Sakmarian)
Description: The lower part of the 68 m thick studied section is a dominantly

siliciclastic succession with amalgamated clean, medium- to fine-grained sandstone
at the base becoming argillaceous and bioturbated up-section (Figure 3-78). The
upper half section is dominated by extremely thick black mudstone with 2 minor
calcarenite/calcilutite/calcareous mudstone intervals.
m/dm-bedded low-angle cross-

bedded, clean medium/fine-
sandstone; HCS, wave ripples
Dark-grey
mudstone Homogenous
black shale with
deep water traces
TS Crinoidal Crinoidal calcilutite

calcarenite to
dm/cm-bedded calcilutite &
argillaceous, calcareous
bioturbated (B.I.4-6) siltstnone
fine sandstone
Figure 3-78: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. Studied section and overview
photos of main lithofacies.
Red rectangles link photographs to relevant section.
At the start of the section, the first 4 m is composed of interbedded, locally

amalgamated, dm-thick (50-80 cm), pale grey-yellow medium-grained sandstones,
weakly fining-up to fine-grained sandstone, with minor cm-thick clay partings
(F.A.2a). The sandstone presents tangential low angle cross-bedding and rare
rounded clay chips parallel to lamination. They are extremely well indurated and
numerous closely spaced (20 cm) subvertical extensional faults are present.
Several sandstone beds present current and symmetrical wave rippled tops, draped
by 1-2 cm-thick silty mudstone (Figure 3-79).

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-79: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A. 2a.

Low angle laminated (LAL) medium/fine-grained sandstone with rippled top.
Yellow dashed line highlights LAL (way-up is to the top).
The above described interval is overlain by a 1 m thick interval of large-scale

hummocky cross-stratified (HCS) fine-grained sandstone (F.A.2b) (Figure 3-80).
Figure 3-80: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A. 2b and F.A.1.

Large hummock in fine-grained sandstone (way-up is to the top).

Eni Timor Leste
A 6.5 m succession of m-bedded medium-grained sandstone with large scale

oblique stratification follows. Straight-crested wave ripples are identified at the top
of one cycle (F.A.1) with a ripple wavelength of 15 cm. This section passes up into
2 m of slightly finer (medium- to fine-grained) and thinner bedded (~30 cm)
sandstone with swaley cross-stratification separated by discontinuous cm-thick light
grey shale (F.A.2b) (Figure 3-81). The sandstone is locally micaceous with
carbonaceous fragments.
Figure 3-81: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A.2b.

A – Overview of outcrop with swaley cross-stratification (way-up is to the
top). Note the wavy bedding surfaces and the discontinuous cm-thick
light grey shales
B – Detail of swaley cross-stratified fine sandstone.
Further up section, another 5 m of m-bedded, low angle cross-stratified, clean

medium-grained sandstones is encountered (F.A.1). This unit fines up into ~2 m of
20-30 cm bedded argillaceous fine-grained sandstone, which is strongly bioturbated
(F.A.3) and has a high trace variety (Figure 3-82). Traces are difficult to interpret
but may include an individual Asterosoma arm (concentric slightly elliptical circles
just under 1 cm across), 1-2 mm Phycosiphon giving the light grey-dark grey
background mottling, Chondrites, Planolites and Thalassinoides. The trace fossil
identification is extremely tentative.

Eni Timor Leste
Light grey-dark grey mottling

due to Phycosiphon??
Chondrites??
Planolites?
Thalassinoides?
Figure 3-82: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A.3. Potential Transgressive surface.
Cruziana Ichnofacies? B.I. 5. Way-up is to the top.
The sandstones coarsen-up slightly once more (upper fine- to medium-grained) but
remain argillaceous and bioturbated for another 10 m (F.A.3). Planolites burrows
are identified and a low angle oblique to parallel lamination is recognised. Towards
the top of this unit, the sandstones react to HCl acid indicating calcareous cement or
very small bioclasts fragments (Figure 3-83).
Figure 3-83: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A.3.

Faintly coarsening-up argillaceous and bioturbated upper fine- to
medium-grained sandstone, calcite cemented or containing
calcareous grains (way-up is to the top)

Eni Timor Leste
This facies is in faulted contact with a 6 m thick fining-up thinning-up succession

composed of interbedded limestones and calcareous muddy siltstones
(Figure 3-84).
At the base of the cycle are interbedded calcarenites (with abundant crinoid
fragments and brachiopods) and muddy siltstones with molluscs and crinoid
fragments. These pass up into interbedded parallel laminated calcilutites and
calcareous siltstones becoming muddier towards the top. 16 m of dark grey to black
mudstone overlies the carbonate facies (F.A.4)
Figure 3-84: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. Calcarenites.

A – Interbedded calcilutite and calcareous siltstone;
B – interbedded calcarenite and muddy siltstone;
C – Detail of crinoidal bioclastic material on calcarenite bedding surface
(the dashed blue line links the two photos) (way-up is to the top)
A 4 m thick succession of well-stratified, 10-20 cm bedded crinoidal calcilutite is

encountered up-section and this is in turn is overlain by black mudstones with
possible Cosmoraphe or similar trace from the Nereites ichnofacies (Figure 3-85).

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-85: LOC TL-28 – Atahoc Fm. F.A.4.

Left photo: Overview of black mudstone;
right photo: Deep water traces on bedding surface, possible Cosmoraphe.
Samples: ENI TL-94 cross-bedded and rippled medium-grained sandstone;

ENI TL-95 medium-grained sandstone; ENI TL-96 argillaceous, bioturbated, fine-
grained sandstone; ENI TL-97 well-indurated calcareous sandstone; ENI TL-98
calcarenite and ENI TL-99 calcareous bioclastic grey siltstone; ENI TL-100 and
ENI TL-101 dark grey-black shale; ENI TL-102 bioclastic wackestone; ENI TL-103
dark grey black shale.

Eni Timor Leste
3.10 DAY 10 – 26/09/08

Itinerary
The first stop of the day was a roadside cutting of Late Triassic Aitutu Fm with
beautifully preserved trace fossils (LOC TL-29) on the road between Manatutu and
Orlalan (Figure 3-86). The second stop (LOC TL-30) was located on a small
tributary of the Mutin River that runs N-S parallel to the main road. Here, Triassic
calcilutites and Late Jurassic Wailuli red mudstone were investigated. Access was
relatively easy and only a short walk from the road. The last stop of the day was to
view the Pualaca oil seep on the Mutin River (LOC TL-31). Access to the seeps
was difficult, with a steep 2 km descent to the bottom of the river valley, through
thick vegetation and climbing over several bamboo fences.
Figure 3-86: Day 10. Location and geological map.

Eni Timor Leste
3.10.1 LOCALITY TL29 A, B – CRIBAS TO ORLALAN
S8°43.710’
E125°58.627’
Gondwana Megasequence – Late Triassic Aitutu Fm
Biostratigraphy: tentatively correlated to A. reducta spore-pollen and A. rhaetica

dinoflagellate zone
Age: Rhaetian (Late Triassic)
Description: The roadside outcrop is composed of interbedded fine-grained

calcareous lithologies (Figure 3-97). The dominant facies are: greenish-grey
radiolarian-rich wackestone (radiolarians observed in acetate peels by
E. McCartain), which present a concoidal fracture typical of silica-rich calcilutites,
and marly micritic limestone with average bed thickness 15 cm but ranging from 7-
60 cm. Subordinate facies are thin calcareous claystone with average bed
thickness 1-2 cm but ranging up to 30 cm. The bed thickness appears to be
increasing uphill. The younging direction was not identified.
Figure 3-87: LOC TL-29a – Aitutu Fm. Overview.

Road-side outcrop of Late Triassic calcilutites.
Younging direction is unidentified.

Eni Timor Leste
The fine-grained limestones present well-preserved trace fossils (Figure 3-87).

Dominant traces are Chondrites and Zoophycos with subordinate possible
Teichichnus and Thalassinoides traces, indicating a Zoophycos ichnofacies to
transition to distal Cruziana. The degree of bioturbation and trace variety is
moderate (B.I. 0-3) and not all horizons are bioturbated.
A B
Figure 3-88: LOC TL-29a – Aitutu Fm. Trace fossils.

A&B – Well defined trace fossils on loose blocks at base of outcrop;
C - Zoophycos Ichnofacies model (from Burns, 2007, after Pemberton)
Sample: ENI TL104 bioturbated grey calcareous radiolarite

Eni Timor Leste
3.10.2 LOCALITY TL-30 – TRIBUTARY OF MUTIN RIVER
S8°45.683’
E125°58.138’
Gondwanan Megasequence - Jurassic Oe Baat Fm

and possibly Triassic Aitutu Fm
Biostratigraphy: Red mudstone - Jurassic belemnites of Belemnopsis genus and

Malayomaorica bivalves. This faunal association is indicative of Late Jurassic of
eastern Gondwana (Figure 3-89). Grey calcilutite; no data available.
Age: Red Mudstone - Late Jurassic; Grey calcilutite – lithological

similar to Triassic Aitutu Fm
Description: There are two dominant lithologies; a red mudstone containing

belemnites up to 10 cm long, which passes upstream into dm-bedded grey calcilutite
through mottled red-grey mudstones (Figure 3-89).
Figure 3-89: LOC TL-30 –Oe Baat Fm. Overview.

Mottled red mudstones passing up stream into calcilutites.
Younging direction unknown.

Eni Timor Leste
C
B
D
Figure 3-90: LOC TL-30 –Oe Baat Fm. Macrofossils.

A - Malayomaorica bivalves;
B - Whole Malayomaorica bivalve, from British Antarctic Survey;
C&D - Belemnites of Belemnopsis genus (characterised by a distinctive
longitudinal groove).
Locally the red mudstone is cross cut by a network of ?calcite filled fractures. The
nature of the contact between the two lithologies is not understood, and may be
transitional or faulted.
The light grey radiolarian-rich calcilutites located further upstream have an average
bed thickness of 20 cm and are interbedded with subordinate and thinner siliciclastic
mudstones 2-3 cm thick. The ichnological character is very similar to various Aitutu
outcrops as: Chondrites, Zoophycos and Thalassinoides traces are recognised, with
a bioturbation index of 2 to 3 and low traces fossil diversity (Figure 3-91).

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-91: LOC TL-30 –?Aitutu Fm. Overview and trace fossils.
A – Thinly bedded radiolarian-rich calcilutites;
B&C – Detail of well-developed trace fossils within calcilutite.
Sample: ENI TL-105 bioturbated radiolarian-rich calcilutite; ENI TL-106

non calcareous red mudstone.

Eni Timor Leste
3.10.3 LOCALITY TL-31 – PUALACA OIL SEEP, MUTIN RIVER

1 KM SOUTH OF ORLALAN
S8°48.787’
E125°57.214’
A km south of the town of Orlalan there is a small settlement that marks the start of
the track to reach the Pualaca oil seep in the Mutin River (Figure 3-92). The seep is
difficult to access, requiring a 2 km descent to the bottom of the Mutin valley. The
valley sides are steep and covered in thick vegetation and temperature and humidity
increase greatly towards the valley bottom. Note that a local guide led the group
down to the oil seep and close to the end of the track asked for an unofficial entry
fee of 40USD. The group refused to pay (this is a very large amount of money in
Timor-Leste) and managed instead to negotiate a payment per sample of 1US$.
The Pualaca oil seep consists of a number of pools of water and oil located in and
amongst boulders and gravel on the left bank of the Mutin River. The oil is brown in
colour and seeps from the river gravel into the river. The reservoir and source of the
oil is unknown but in the valley Middle Jurassic and Middle Triassic siliciclastic and
carbonate strata outcrop. Local people collect up to 20 litres/day using a home
made filtering device (a plastic bottle with a tiny hole at the base, from which the
denser water is filtered out). Oil is transported out of the valley by pony or hand
carried 2 km up hill to the road and used in lamps.
Samples: ENI TL-107A&B
Figure 3-92: LOC TL-31 - Pualaca Oil seep.

A - Start of descent into Mutin River valley to reach Pualaca Oil seep;
B – Overview of oil seep; oil is leaking out of river gravel into pools of
water on banks of the Mutin River;
C – Filtering and collection of oil sample.

Eni Timor Leste
3.11 DAY 11 – 27/09/08

Itinerary
Day 11 was spent walking a southern transect along the Mutin River and one of its
western tributaries, just to the northeast of Soibada. Late Triassic carbonates of the
Aitutu Fm (LOC TL-32), Middle to Late Triassic siliciclastics of the Babulu Fm (LOC
TL-33a, b and TL-34) and carbonates of the Triassic to Jurassic transition (Aitutu to
Wailuli Fm) (LOC TL-35) were investigated (Figure 3-93).
Figure 3-93: Day 11 location map and geological map (ESCAP 2003).

Eni Timor Leste
3.11.1 LOCALITY TL-32A – NE OF SOIBADA, MUTIN RIVER
S8°49.496’
E125°57.110’
Gondwana Megasequence – Aitutu Fm
Biostratigraphy: S. specious spore-pollen zone, late Early Norian conodonts
Age: Early Norian (Late Triassic)
Description: The outcrop is a (~20 m) thick section of calcareous

conglomerate overlain by fine-grained limestones and mudstones (Figure 3-94).
Only the base of the section was investigated and sampled. The section starts with
a crudely bedded oolitic calcarenite with average bed thickness of 40 cm, overlain
by two 10-15 cm thick pebbly coarse-grained calcarenite beds which are in turn
overlain by a 1.5 m thick clast-supported conglomerate (Figure 3-95). Several
metres of loose scree on the valley side cover the contact between the
conglomerate and the overlying calcilutites.
Well-bedded calcilutite and

dark grey silty claystone
Limestone
~20m
conglomerate
Calcarenites
Sampled section
(Fig.108)
006º
Figure 3-94: LOC TL-32A – Aitutu Fm. Overview of outcrop with main lithofacies.
Note that contact of conglomerate with the overlying calcilutites is not
exposed.

Eni Timor Leste
F.A.1: a) Crudely bedded, slightly erosive based clast-supported conglomerate

Clasts: subangular to subrounded calcilutite + crinoidal / oolitic / bioclastic
calcarenite. Size range: 1-60cm
TL110
Matrix: Poorly sorted, granule rich, coarse-sand size lmstn grains with scattered
crinoid ossicles
TL109 F.A.1: b) 10-15cm bedded pebbly

coarse calcarenite
Clasts + matrix as in overlying breccia
Ooids in matrix
TL108 B
clast
F.A.2: dm-bedded oolitic grainstone

(bed thickness: 40 cm) D
A
Figure 3-95: LOC TL-32A – Aitutu Fm. Main facies associations.
A – base of investigated section, sample points indicated by yellow star;
B – close-up of pebbly coarse-grained calcarenite;
C – close-up of clast-supported conglomerate;
D – oolitic grainstone near base of section.
Samples: Listed in stratigraphic order; ENI TL-108 oolitic grainstone,

ENI TL-109 calcareous breccia, ENI TL-110 ?calcareous breccia

Eni Timor Leste

(~10M DOWNSTREAM FROM LOC TL-32B)
Description: This outcrop is possibly laterally equivalent to the conglomerate

of LOC TL-32a. It is an ~4 m thick conglomerate with 2 discontinuous dark grey
shale lenses at the same stratigraphic level (Figure 3-105). The shales are 1.5-2 m
wide and approximately 40-60 cm thick.
Sample: ENI TL-111 dark grey shale.
10m downstream from previous outcrop A

TL111
~15m
dowstream
Shale lenses:
Large rip up clast?
1. Ripped up?
Tectonic deformation ?
2. Deposited over/ onlapping onto
the topographic mound formed by
lower conglomerate and then
partially eroded by overlying
conglomerate ?
Figure 3-96: LOC TL-32B – Aitutu Fm.

A – a Calcareous conglomerate of Aitutu Fm; 2 shale lenses associated with
the conglomerate are highlighted by the red (top of shale) and orange
(base of shale) lines;
B – close-up of shale lens to the left of photo A, possibly a deformed large
rip-up clast in overlying conglomerate or linked to tectonic deformation.

Eni Timor Leste
3.11.3 LOCALITY TL-33A – NORTH OF SOIBADA, MUTIN RIVER
S8°49.868’
E125°57.335’
Gondwana Megasequence –Babulu Fm
Age: Ladinian to Carnian (Middle to Late Triassic)
Description: The outcrop is a 6 m thick, overall fining-up/thinning-up sandy

succession overlying grey silty shales (Figure 3-97). The majority of the riverbank
cutting is composed of m-dm bedded, amalgamated, well-sorted, green
medium/fine-grained sandstones, which, on visual inspection, appear to be porous
and permeable (F.A.1). The sandstones are rich in carbonaceous fragments and
have clay chips horizons which possibly highlight the base of each amalgamated
bed. Clay chips averaging 1-2 cm but can be up to 10cm long. The sandstones
appear massive but this may be due to a lack of lithological contrast. In the topmost
part of the section, thinner bedded (30-40 cm) laminated fine-grained sandstones
with minor cm-thick dark grey mudstones (F.A.2) are encountered. Laminae are
highlighted by a high concentration of carbonaceous fragments, some of which are
over 1 cm in diameter.

Eni Timor Leste
F.A.1: m-dm bedded medium sstn

F.A.2:
A TL113 cm-dm
bedded,
silty fine-grained
shale sandstone
interbedded
20cm thick, TL114 with minor
m
>6
bioturbated TL112 cm-thick dark
very fine TL115 grey
sandstone mudstone
F.A.1 F.A.2 C F.A.2

B D
Clay chips (1-10m)

Carbonaceous fragments
highlighting lamination on
a loose block
Horizontal lamination in f.sstn
Figure 3-97: LOC TL-33A – Babulu Fm. Overview and main facies.
A – Overview of outcrop. Orange and yellow squares related to position of
detailed photos; Orange arrow shows way-up.
B – Close-up of clay chips at base of bed.
C – Horizontal lamination in fine-grained sandstone highlighted by
carbonaceous fragments;
D – Abundant carbonaceous fragments on bedding plane of loose block.
Samples: In stratigraphic order, ENI TL-115 calcified claystone below

described succession; ENI TL-114 grey silty shale below described sandy
succession; ENI TL-112 fine-grained sandstone; ENI TL-113 very fine-grained
sandstone

Eni Timor Leste

(~100 M DOWNSTREAM OF LOC TL-33A)
The stratigraphic relationship between LOC TL-33A and TL-33B unknown because
of vegetation but if the entire section was coherent, LOC TL-33B would be
stratigraphically below the section at LOC TL-33A.
?Gondwana Megasequence – ? Babulu Fm
Age: Triassic by similarity to dated outcrop at LOC TL-33a
Description: 6-7 m section of finely interbedded mudstone and thin fine-

grained sandstone (1-2 cm or 10-20 cm thick) with a sand/shale ratio of
approximately 0.4 (Figure 3-98). The sandstone is carbonaceous and muscovite-
rich; most beds have sharp bases and wavy or rippled tops. The wavelength of the
ripples is 15 cm. Some ripples are unidirectional current ripples, others resemble
combined flow (oscillatory plus unidirectional) ripples identified by discordant internal
lamination, a relatively symmetrical profile, and some opposed cross-lamination.
Combined flow ripples are more easily recognised in the thicker beds (Figure 3-99).
The top of the rippled beds can be moderately bioturbated (B.I. 2) with possible
horizontal and branching, 1-2 cm long, 1 mm diameter Chondrites traces.
A B
Figure 3-98: LOC TL33-B – Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop.

A – Mud dominated succession with cm-thick fine-grained sandstone;
(way-up is to the top)
B – Detail of bedding surface showing a ripple crest

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Figure 3-99: LOC TL-33B – Babulu Fm. Rippled sandstone.

A – unidirectional current ripples, foresets highlighted by yellow dotted
lines;
B – combined flow ripples with discordant internal lamination and opposed
cross-lamination highlighted by black dashed lines;
C – detail of combined flow ripples showing opposed cross-lamination.
In all photos the outcrop is younging upwards.
Samples: ENI TL-116 fissile silty grey claystone; ENI TL-117 well-sorted
fine-grained grey sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
3.11.5 LOCALITY TL-34 – NORTH OF SOIBADA,

TRIBUTARY OF MUTIN RIVER
S8°49.912’
E125°57.214’
Biostratigraphy: very lean palynomorph assemblage; no biozone attribution;

names of identified Triassic spores is not available.
Age: Triassic by sparse spore-pollen assemblage
Description: The outcrop is strongly weathered and dominated by very well

indurated sandstone with an overall estimated thickness of ~6-7 m (Figure 3-100).
The sandstones comprise amalgamated 0.6-1 m thick medium/fine-grained units
with no clay partings, sharp to slightly erosive bases and small clay chips (0.5-1 cm,
rarely 5 cm) at the base. A faint horizontal to low angle lamination is locally
recognised (Figure 3-101). Some fining-up cycles (from upper medium- to fine-
grained sandstone) are identified, otherwise the sandstones appear massive.
Figure 3-100: LOC TL-34 – Babulu Fm. - Overview of outcrop.

Amalgamated medium-grained sandstones. Younging direction to the right.

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Clay chips aligned to faint

horizontal to low angle
l i ti
TL118
C
TL11
Fining-up cycles from upper medium/coarse
to medium sandstone with faint
horizontal-low angle lamination at top. TL119
B
TL11 D
Clay chips at base

(0.5-1 cm rarely 2.5 cm)
Sharp to slightly erosive bases
Figure 3-101: LOC TL-34 – Babulu Fm. Fining-up sandstone cycles.

A –Faint horizontal to low angle lamination at top of unit;
B – Sharp to slightly erosive bases;
C&D – Elongate clay chips at base of some units.
Samples: ENI TL-118 and ENI TL-119 well-sorted fine-grained sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
3.11.6 LOCALITY TL35 – NORTH OF SOIBADA – MUTIN RIVER
S08°50.026’
E125°57.477’
Gondwana Megasequence – Late Triassic Aitutu Fm & Early Jurassic

Wailuli Fm contact
Biostratigraphy: C. torosa spore-pollen zone (structurally lower/up river sample);

A. reducta spore-pollen zone and D. priscum dinoflagellate zone (structurally
higher/down river sample)
Age: Earliest Jurassic and latest Triassic
Description: The outcrop is an overturned succession of interbedded fine-

grained lithologies passing gradually from a dominantly calcilutite section to a
calcareous mudstone section (Figure 3-102). The outcrop is cut by several minor
faults but considered on the whole to be a coherent section. The stratigraphically
lower section is dominated by 10-20 cm thick calcilutites (which show yellow
weathering) and subordinate thinner grey shales attributable to the Late Triassic
Aitutu Fm. This passes up into bluish grey bioturbated marls interbedded with
bioturbated calcareous grey mudstone, subordinate 10 cm thick calcilutites
(transition zone) and finally into bioturbated calcareous mudstone and subordinate
marls of the Early Jurassic Wailuli Fm.
Figure 3-102: LOC TL-35. Aitutu – Wailuli Fms contact.

A – Overview of section
B – Jurassic Wailuli Fm calcareous shales and subordinate marls;
C – Late Triassic Aitutu Fm calcilutites and marls.
(Stars show sample position; way up is indicated by orange arrow)

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The transition area between Jurassic and Triassic is characterised by well preserved
trace fossils dominated by Zoophycos and Chondrites with subordinate Teichichnus
(Figure 3-103). Large horizontal 40-50 cm long, 4 cm diameter broad u-shaped
burrows were encountered on one bedding surface (Thalassinoides). Trace fossil
diversity is moderate with a Bioturbation Index of 3.
A B
Figure 3-103: LOC TL-35. Aitutu – Wailuli Transition zone.

A – Overview of transition zone;
B – large Thalassinoides traces on bedding plane;
C – detail of bioturbated marl with Zoophycos, Thalassinoides and
Chondrites traces.
Way up indicated by orange arrow
Samples: ENI TL-120 bioturbated grey calcareous shale; ENI TL-121 dark
grey calcareous shale in transition zone

Eni Timor Leste
3.12 DAY 12 – 28/09/08

Day 12 was spent investigating riverbank cuttings south of the town of Soibada
along the Mutin River and up a small western tributary (10 km transect). South of
Soibada the River Mutin changes its name to the Sahe River (Note that in Timor
Leste rivers may change their names according to the district they are flowing
through: one river can have up to 4 different names). Triassic siliciclastic and
carbonate strata of the Gondwana Megasequence and fine-grained carbonate strata
of the Triassic-Jurassic contact crop out along this section of the river
(Figure 3-104). From LOC TL-37 to the next locality, a 7 km walk downstream and
then up a minor tributary was required. Due to time constraints it was not possible
to study LOC TL-38 and TL-39 in detail. As the outcrops are small and access is
difficult it is not recommended to return to study them further at a later date.
At the confluence of the western tributary with the Sahe River the field group were
picked up by helicopter to be flown to Viqueque. The helicopter was able to land
safely on the dry river bed.
Figure 3-104: Day 12 Location maps.

Eni Timor Leste
3.12.1 LOCALITY TL36 – SOUTH OF SOIBADA, SAHE (MUTIN) RIVER
S08°51.922’
E125°57.461’
Age: Triassic by similarity to Babulu Fm at LOC TL-34
Description: A 10 m thick outcrop of dm to m-bedded amalgamated

sandstones and few thin mudstone. The sandstones are dominantly medium to
upper fine-grained and no specific vertical trend is recognised in the section (Figure
3-105).
Figure 3-105: LOC TL-36 - ?Babulu Fm.

Overview of outcrop with main facies association highlighted. Red boxed
photo relates to the lower part of the sketched section. Yellow boxed photo relates to the
middle part of the sketched section.
Two main facies associations are encountered:
F.A.1: m-bedded, moderately sorted medium- to coarse-grained sandstone that

fine up slightly to lower medium-grained sandstone in the uppermost
cms. The sandstones have erosive to sharp bases, present a medium-
scale low angle to oblique stratification (tangential to trough cross-
stratification) or are locally structureless. The top of each cycle may
display parallel lamination and lunate ripples; 2-4 cm thick clay chips are
found at the base and are parallel to stratification. The sandstones are
tabular, but the lowermost bed appears to have a channelised geometry.

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F.A.2 10-20cm thick upper fine- (to medium)-grained well-sorted sandstone

organised in faint fining-up cycles and interbedded with minor mm-thick
shale seams. Abundant carbonaceous fragments concentrated along
bed tops and a faint plane parallel lamination is locally present. Rare
possible Thalassinoides burrows (1.5 cm diameter, ?lined vertical to
subvertical burrows infilled with medium-grained sandstone) are present
on bed tops. Soft sediment deformation is recognised together with one
interval which displays a train of ripples.
Sample: ENI TL-123 medium-grained sandstone; ENI TL-122 medium- to

coarse-grained sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
3.12.2 LOCALITY TL37 – SOUTH OF SOIBADA, SAHE (MUTIN) RIVER
S08°52.547’
E125°57.142’
Gondwana Megasequence – Triassic Aitutu Fm- Jurassic Wailuli Fm
Biostratigraphy: The marly succession is correlated to the C. torosa spore-pollen

zone whereas the limestone succession is correlated to the S. speciosus spore-
pollen zone; late Early Norian – Late Triassic conodonts.
Age: Early Jurassic to Carnian-Norian (Late Triassic)
Description: A riverbank outcrop, approximately 1 km south, where the Sahe River

bends sharply to the west. This outcrop is at the same stratigraphic level of LOC
TL-37 and palynological data indicate that the succession is overturned.
On the whole the transition from Triassic Aitutu Fm to Jurassic Wailuli Fm is

represented by a gradual reduction in carbonate content with a decrease in the
percentage and thickness of calcilutite, which is gradually replaced by marl, and a
decrease in size and variety of trace fossils (Figure 3-106 and Figure 3-107;).
AITUTU
Late Triassic
WAILULI
Early Jurassic
Ligth grey marl TL125
TL124
Calcilutite &
mudstone
East S8*52.547 Wavy bedded
E125*57.142 calcilutite
Figure 3-106: LOC TL-37 – Aitutu-Wailuli Fm contact. Overview of outcrop.

Section is overturned and orange arrow indicates way up.
Sample points are indicated by red stars.
The base of the investigated section of Triassic Aitutu Fm comprises interbedded

40-30 cm thick calcilutite with large chert nodules along bedding planes. These are
overlain by a 20 m thick succession of rhythmically interbedded thinner (10 cm)
moderately bioturbated calcilutites and interlaminated black non-calcareous
claystone and light grey calcareous mudstone. Trace fossils include Zoophycos,
Teichichnus and vertical 3 cm long, 0.4-0.3 cm diameter possible Skolithos, which
are infilled with mud (Figure 3-107). A 2 m thick succession of wavy micritic
limestone with one (redeposited?) shallow water oolitic grainstone bed is present at
the top of the Aitutu Fm. At this locality radiolarian wackestones have been
observed in thin section together with rare grainstones with echinoderm fragments,
bivalve shells and undetermined micritic grains (McCartain pers. comm.).

Eni Timor Leste
The contact between the Aitutu and Wailuli formations lies stratigraphically above
the wavy micritic limestone, within a ~6 m thick succession of moderately
bioturbated calcilutite and marls. In the transition zone, one limestone bed with
intense bioturbation is present (Figure 3-107). This bed has a B.I. of 5, traces
overlap and include Chondrites, Zoophycos and possibly ?Thalassinoides (Figure
3-108).
The interbedded calcilutites and marls of the transition zone gradually give way to
Jurassic Wailuli Fm light grey marl containing ammonites and belemnites (Figure
3-107). The variety and size of the trace fossils diminishes until only small
Chondrites and rare (0.7 cm long) Zoophycos are present (Figure 3-108).
Vertical scale varies

Light grey marl.
B.I. 2
Decrease in size & type of trace fossils
upsection (dominated by Chondrites with
rare Zoophycos).
12m
Ammonites (2cm) and belemnites
Early JURASSIC
Interbeded
calcilutite & marls;
Chondrites,
6m
Zoophycos,
Thalassinoides?
Wavy micritic lmstn
2m
(one oolitic grainstone bed)
AITUTU Fm
Interbedded moderately bioturbated calcilutite
(10cm beds) & light-grey calcareous mudstone
20m Late TRIASSIC
interlaminated with black non calc. claystone.
Teichichnus, Skolithos, Zoophycos B.I.2
Calcilutite
40-30cm thick beds
10cm
Large chert nodules along bedding planes
Figure 3-107: LOC TL-37 – Lithofacies and trace fossils of the transition from Aitutu to
Wailuli Fm.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-108: LOC TL-37 – Aitutu and Wailuli Fm. Dominant trace fossils.
A&B – Variety of trace fossils in the Triassic Aitutu Fm;
C – Jurassic Wailuli Fm characterised by smaller and less varied traces.
Samples: ENI TL-125 dark grey shale and calcilutite; ENI TL-124 grey
calcareous shale

Eni Timor Leste
3.12.3 LOCALITY TL-38 – SOUTH OF SOIBADA

WESTERN TRIBUTARY OF SAHE (MUTIN) RIVER
S08°53.956’
E125°55.005’
Description: The 4 m thick outcrop comprises m-dm bedded amalgamated

medium- (to upper fine) grained, well-sorted greenish-grey sandstone with no
significant shale intervals (Figure 3-119). The sand appears to be massive, is rich in
carbonaceous fragments and muscovite and is well indurated. Several clay chips
horizons are identified.
A B
Figure 3-109: LOC TL-38 – Babulu Fm. Overview.

A – Amalgamated sandstones, red star indicates sample location;
B – Close-up of sandstone showing clay chip horizons orientated parallel to
bedding. Way-up is assumed to be to the top.
Sample: ENI TL-126 fine-grained sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
3.12.4 LOCALITY TL-39 – SOUTH OF SOIBADA –

WESTERN TRIBUTARY OF SAHE (MUTIN) RIVER
S08°53.900’
E125°54.908’
Age: Middle-Upper Triassic from geological map.
Description: The stratigraphic relationship of this outcrop to LOC TL-38 is

unknown, but the large change in bed orientation and dip between the two outcrops
indicates tectonic deformation has occurred. Only preliminary observations were
made at this locality due to severe time constraints. The 7 m thick section is
composed of fine- to medium-grained dm-bedded (15-60 cm) grey micaceous
sandstone and grey mudstone with a sand/shale ratio of around 0.7. Upstream the
few m-thick section is mud-dominated (Figure 3-110).
A B
Figure 3-110: LOC TL-39 – ?Babulu Fm. Overviews of outcrop and facies associations.
[A – Downstream; B – Upstream.]
Red stars indicate sample locations, black arrows indicate extent of
main facies associations. Blue arrow is stream flow direction.
The way up was not defined.
The way-up of the outcrop was not determined as an interpretation of depositional

features within the outcrop was not definitive. Indeed, different sedimentary
structures on three key beds gave opposite indications of way-up (Figure 3-111).
The first is a 1 m thick bed of upper fine/medium-grained sandstone with clay chips
at the base, possibly fining-up to parallel laminated upper fine-grained sandstone

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rich in carbonaceous fragments. This fining-up would indicate a downstream

younging direction and thus an overturned succession. An alternative interpretation
is that the structureless sandstone and the laminated sandstone are two distinct
events, with the clay chips ‘floating’ on the top of the flow having reached their
density equilibrium level. The second key bed is a possible fining-up cycle (fine- to
very fine-grained sandstone) with a potentially rippled top, which would suggest that
the section is younging upstream. The third key bed has Helminthoida traces, which
are interpreted to be preserved on the base of the bed, and would therefore indicate
a downstream way-up.
A C
Figure 3-111: LOC TL-39 – ?Babulu Fm.

Possible way up indicators;
A – bed with massive base and laminated top suggesting downstream
way-up; or do they represent two separate flows?;
B – Helminthoida traces on ?underside of bed suggesting downstream
way-up;
C – Fining-upward cycle with ?rippled top suggests upstream way-up.
Two broad facies associations are recognised: F.A.1 and 2 :
F.A.1a: micaceous fine- to medium-grained grey sandstone (30-60 cm thick) with

sharp bases and tops, generally massive, less commonly horizontally
laminated and with scattered clay chips. Horizontal and vertical
?Thalassinoides (~0.5 cm in diameter, ~10 cm long) are observed at the
cycle base. This is the dominant facies and constitutes 90% of the
association.
F.A.1b: cm-thick very fine-grained sandstone with abundant carbonaceous

fragments highlighting a well developed horizontal lamination.
F.A.1c: light grey siltstone.

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F.A.2: thinly bedded (10-2 cm thick) very fine to fine-grained sandstone, with
horizontal lamination and locally ?Planolites traces, interbedded with light
grey mudstone and siltstone. Soft sediment deformation and
Helminthoida traces (numerous meandering tunnel trails, very regular
spacing, and 1-3 mm wide; internal grazing trail of worm-like animal) are
recognised.
Sample: ENI TL-128 massive upper fine/medium-grained sandstone; ENI TL-129

laminated very fine-grained sandstone; ENI TL-127 grey silty claystone

Eni Timor Leste
3.13 DAY 13 – 29/09/08

Itinerary
The morning of Day 13 was spent investigating the Plio-Pleistocene Viqueque Fm,
outcropping along the Cuha River, Viqueque (LOC TL-40). Here the Synorogenic
Megasequence of the Pliocene Viqueque Fm unconformably overlies the
Synorogenic Melange of the Tortonian (Miocene) Bobonaro Fm (Figure 3-112). The
next locality was the Aliambata oil and gas seep (LOC TL-41), a three hour drive
east of Viqueque. The final stops of the day (LOC TL-42, TL-43) were accessed by
traversing a small, dry stream just west of LOC TL-41 to view poor outcrops of
Triassic or Jurassic strata.
Figure 3-112: Day 13. Locality map and photos from lower section of LOC TL40 outcrops
A – Locality map; green arrow shows helicopter flight route taken on day 12.
B – Contact between the chalk of the lower section of the Pliocene
Viqueque Fm and near vertical beds of the Tortonian (Miocene)
Bobonaro Fm indicated by red line (way up is to the left of photo);
C – Pillow lava block within Bobonaro Fm.

Eni Timor Leste
3.13.1 LOCALITY TL40 – CUHA RIVER, VIQUEQUE
S08°51.922’
E126°21.796’
Synorogenic Megasequence - Viqueque Fm
Biostratigraphy: N18 to N21 planktonic foraminiferal zone.
Age: Pliocene.
Description: The Pliocene Viqueque Fm unconformably overlies the

underlying Bobonaro Fm at the type section. The Bobonaro Fm is a synorogenic
melange containing large exotic blocks and clasts in a clay matrix. At this locality
two large blocks are exposed: one near vertically dipping porcellanite block, 10s of
metres in diameter, outcropping along the road and the other being a large boulder
of dark grey pillow lava exposed along the river bank (Figure 3-112). See Section 3
for more detail on the Bobonaro Fm. The contact between the Viqueque Fm and
Bobonaro Fm was not exposed as it runs through the middle of the Cuha River.
The Pliocene section cropping out along the river bed is 230 m long but only
selected intervals were described, due to time constraints. The first 30 m comprises
regularly interbedded dm-thick (40-50 cm) off-white massive chalk and softer light
grey marls (Figure 3-113). Abundant small faults make it difficult to estimate the true
thickness. The chalk has good microporosity.
Figure 3-113: LOC TL-40 – Viqueuqe Fm. Overview of lower section of the Viqueque Fm
Dm-interbedded chalk and marls.

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Moving up-dip, the section becomes more terrigenous and mud-dominated until the
first sandstone bed is encountered (~40 m up section). From here onwards the 4
studied intervals show an overall coarsening/thickening up sandstone trend. The
section comprises a series of fining-up cycles consisting of a lower sandy interval of
poorly consolidated, texturally and mineralogically immature sandstone fining-up to
mudstone (Figure 3-114).
Figure 3-114: LOC TL-40 – Viqueuqe Fm. Fining-up turbiditic sands and pelagic muds.
Orange arrow indicates way-up. Triangles indicate fining-up sandstone-marl
cycles.
Typically each sandstone bed presents a fining-up succession (0.5-1 m, rarely 0.1 m
thick) from medium-grained sandstone to mudstone with a sharp to erosive base.
The cycle can be broken into several section: (A) massive medium-grained
sandstone with angular pebbles of up to 4 cm diameter (lithic and calcareous
clasts), fining-up to (B) parallel laminated medium/fine-grained sandstone which
passes up to (C) fine-grained sandstone with climbing ripples (D) silty sand and
finally to (E) shale (Figure 3-125). The letters A to E refer to the five subdivisions of
a typical Bouma turbidite sequence. Not all units are always developed, sometimes
the uppermost units are missing.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-115: LOC TL-40 – Viqueuqe Fm. Lithofacies.

A – TA and TB Bouma sequence units;
B – Entire Bouma sequence preserved and overlain by grey marl
(partially deposited by the low density turbidite current and partially
from pelagic sedimentation);
C – Theoretical sub-divisions of Bouma sequence (Bouma 1962).
In the uppermost section the fining-up cycles become thicker (1-1.5 m) and coarser-
grained: grading from pebbly sandstone to fine/medium-grained sandstone. The
base of each unit is erosive and the cycles start with poorly sorted argillaceous
pebbly sandstone with up to 20 cm long pebbles scattered in an argillaceous
medium-grained sandstone matrix. Climbing ripples may be present in the upper
fine/medium-grained sandstone at the top of the cycle.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-116: LOC TL-40 – Viqueuqe Fm. Lithofacies. Coarse-grained fining-up cycles.
A&C – Coarse-grained sandstone to micro-conglomerate with erosive bases
(a large carbonaceous fragment is visible in upper right hand corner
of photo C);
B – Climbing ripples in fine-grained sandstone;
D – Pebbly argillaceous sandstone.
Samples: ENI TL-130 grey fissile marl; ENI TL-131 chalk; ENI TL-132
argillaceous very fine-grained sandstone; ENI TL-133 argillaceous poorly sorted
medium-grained sandstone; ENI TL-134 grey marl; ENI TL-135 argillaceous fine- to
medium-grained sandstone; ENI TL-136 poorly sorted medium-grained sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
3.13.2 LOCALITY TL-41A, B – ALIAMBATA
S08°47.880’
E126°35.528’
Aliambata Gas and Oil Seep
The gas seep is a short walk from the road and identified by a barren patch of soil
and loose rocks on an otherwise grassy slope (Figure 3-117). The gas combusts
naturally as it seeps out of the ground (Figure 3-117). The age of the gas reservoir is
unknown. The gas seep is long-lived and was used to locate 3 petroleum wells,
which were drilled near-by between 1911 and 1957.
Figure 3-117: LOC TL-41A - Aliambata gas seep.

Left photo shows faintly visible flames.
Approximately 50 m northeast of the gas seep is the Aliambata 1921-1927 well

head. The well head is surrounded by black, oil stained ground (Figure 3-118). Oil
and gas have been actively seeping into the well head from a deeper reservoir since
the well was drilled, some 80 years ago. During World War II Japanese soliders dug
a pit around the well head to collect oil; over time this pit has filled in. The age of the
reservoir is unknown but by analogy with Aliambata-1, drilled in 1957, it is likely to
be Paleocene Kolbano Group fractured limestone. See Section 4 for more detail on
the wells drilled in this area.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-118: LOC TL-41B - Aliambata 1921-1927 well head.
Samples: Two oil samples were recovered from the well head ENI TL-141A & B.

Eni Timor Leste
3.13.3 LOCALITY TL-42 – ALIAMBATA

A DRY STREAM 25 M WEST OF GAS SEEP.
S08°47.668’
E126°36.137’
Gondwana Megasequence:
Late-Middle Triassic Babulu Fm? Jurassic Wailuli/Oe Baat Fm?
Age: Triassic conodonts and brachiopods have been found in a

reworked clast therefore the succession is not older than Late-Middle Triassic but
could also be Jurassic.
Description: A greater than 6 m thick outcrop was quickly studied. The

surface of the outcrop is strongly weathered and covered in dry mud, which masks
sedimentary structures . Several fining-up cycles of interbedded conglomerate,
fine/medium-grained sandstone and mudstone are observed, organised in an overall
fining-up thinning-up succession. All the sandstones are strongly cemented (Figure
3-119). Five (5) facies associations are recognised:
F.A. 1 conglomerate with has an erosive base, containing clasts of bioclastic

limestone, rich in molluscs, which are embedded in an argillaceous sand-
size matrix. No channelised geometry was detected.
F.A. 2: dm-bedded upper fine- to medium-grained, strongly cemented
apparently massive sandstones
F.A. 3 dm-bedded amalgamated fine/medium-grained sandstone with tangential

cross-bedding
F.A. 4: cm-bedded siltstones and rippled sandstone
F.A.5: biogenically mixed mudstone and medium-grained sandstone
The first 2 m cycle begins with a 0.8 m thick carbonate-rich conglomerate (F.A.1),
passing up into 1 m or so of upper fine- to medium-grained, apparently massive
sandstone (F.A.2). The second cycle is a 1.2 m fining-up succession of cross-
bedded sandstone (F.A.3) passing part way up into cm-bedded siltstones and
rippled sandstones of F.A.4. This second cycle is overlain by cross-bedded fine-
grained sandstone with a rippled top and mm-scale clay chips (F.A.3). This unit
appears to fine-up into biogenically mixed mudstone and medium-grained
sandstone of F.A.5. The contact is not visible due to discontinuous exposure, so it
is unclear whether this mudstone caps the fining-up cycle or is part of another cycle.
The final cycle is ~0.6 m thick and composed of cm-dm thick micaceous sandstone
which is massive or has parallel lamination, interbedded with black silty mudstone
rich in carbonaceous fragments and cm thick rippled fine-grained sandstone (F.A.4).
The cycle is capped by moderately bioturbated (B.I.3) finely interlaminated black
mudstones and sandstone (F.A.5).
The described section is capped by dm-bedded fine-grained sandstone which

appears to be lobate with a compensating geometry.

Eni Timor Leste
Sample: ENI TL-138 fine-grained well-sorted sandstone; ENI TL-139 silty

dark grey mudstone; ENI TL-140 fine-grained well-sorted grey sandstone.
Figure 3-119: LOC TL-42 – Triassic or Jurassic sandstones. Summary table of LOC TL42.
Four upward fining-thinning cycles constituting a ?transgressive
succession. F.A.5 is believed to contain a transgressive surface.

Eni Timor Leste
3.13.4 LOCALITY TL-43 – ALIAMBATA

A DRY STREAM 25 M WEST OF GAS SEEP.
S08°47.750
E126°36.140
Gondwanan Megasequence - ?Aitutu Fm
Age: Assumed to be Triassic, based on lithological similarity to dated

Aitutu Fm
Description: A riverbank outcrop of grey, fine-grained limestone interbedded

with thin grey to dark grey mudstone. The outcrop shows a high degree of
weathering and locally has a rubbly appearance.
Sample: ENI TL-141 dark grey black shale (note that this sample was
taken from a loose block at the base of the riverbank exposure, due to difficulty in
accessing the thin shales between the limestone units. It may well have come from
higher up the section than shown in Figure 3-120.
Figure 3-120: LOC TL-43 - ?Aitutu Fm. Interbedded calcilutites and shale

Eni Timor Leste
3.14 DAY 14 – 30/09/08

Itinerary
Following an early morning helicopter flight from Viqueque to the eastern peninsula
of the island, Day 14 was spent in and around the hilltop town of Tutuala. The first
locality (LOC TL-44) comprised two outcrops of Late Triassic fossiliferous limestone
on the hillside just below the Tutuala Poussada. The next stop (LOC TL-45) was
located on the bank of a minor stream near the village of Piti Leti, a short drive from
the town of Tutuala. Again Late Triassic calcarenites were investigated. The
limestones are very different from the Aitutu Fm observed elsewhere and have not
been attributed to any of the current lithostratigraphic units.
Figure 3-121: Day 14. Locality map and aerial views of the eastern end of the Island.
Helicopter flight highlighted (green bold line)

Eni Timor Leste
3.14.1 LOCALITY TL-44A, B – TUTUALA POUSSADA
S08°23.494’
E127°15.455’
Gondwana Megasequence – Aitutu Fm equivalent
Biostratigraphy: Aulotortus sinuosus (foraminifera)
Age: Most likely (Ladinian) Carnian to Norian (Late Triassic)
Description: Late Triassic fossiliferous calcarenites outcrop at two localities (a,

b) downhill of the Tutuala Poussada (Figure 3-122).
Figure 3-122: LOC TL-44 - Aitutu Fm equivalent. Overview of carbonate outcrops

at LOC TL-44A (left) and TL-44B (right).
The limestones are generally bioclastic calcarenites with subordinate calcilutites.

Bioclasts include molluscs, echinoids, crinoids, gastropods and ooids. Intraparticle
primary porosity was observed in some bioclasts at LOC TL-44A (Figure 3-123).
The limestones are massive, strongly recrystallised and bedding planes are
extremely hard to pick due to intense weathering and karstification.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-123: LOC TL-44A - Aitutu Fm equivalent.

Bioclastic calcarenite with intraparticle primary
porosity within a gastropod shell.
Samples: ENI TL-142 calcarenite; ENI TL-143 oolitic calcarenite; ENI

TL-144 floatstone

Eni Timor Leste
3.14.2 LOCALITY TL-45 – NEAR VILLAGE OF PITI LETI
S08°23.710’
E127°15.855’
? Gondwana Megasequence – Aitutu Fm equivalent
Biostratigraphy: Norigondolella steinbergensis, Epigondolella postera,

Epigondolella spiculata, Epigondolella ?triangularis (conodonts)
Age: Middle Norian (Late Triassic):
Description: Bioclastic limestone exposed in stream bed and along the valley
bottom. The outcrop is typically strongly weathered and karstified. A grey-brown
ammonite-rich floatstone with brachiopod fragments is observed. The ammonites
range in size from 2 to 30 cm (Figure 3-124). It is difficult to make geological
observations at this locality due to the extent of surface weathering.
Sample: ENI TL-145 floatstone
Figure 3-124: LOC TL-45 - Aitutu Fm equivalent.

Large ammonites exposed on bedding plane surfaces.

Eni Timor Leste
3.15 DAY 15 – 1/10/08

Itinerary
The final stop of the trip was an outcrop of Triassic Babulu Fm on the Laleia River,
15 km west of Manatutu near the town of Laleia (Figure 3-125). The riverbank
outcrop was accessed via an unsealed road along the west bank of the river and a
short drive across the dry river bed.
Figure 3-125: Day 15, Location map.

(the study area is boxed in red).

Eni Timor Leste
3.15.1 LOCALITY TL46 (A,B,C) – LALEIA RIVER
From S08°37.009’ To S08°37.108

E127°08.501’ E126°08.732
Gondwana Megasequence - ?Babulu Fm
Biostratigraphy: S. quadrifidus spore pollen zone
Description: The outcrop is a well exposed 200 m thick section, but due to
time constraints only 1 hour was available at the site. Thus 3 key sections, which
are separated by mudstone dominated strata, were selected to be quickly sampled
and described. It is recommended to return to this excellent outcrop and carry out a
more extensive study.
The outcropping strata are composed of a lower section (LOC TL-46A) that
comprises channelised calcareous conglomerate, erosive based calcarenites and
calcareous mudstones; a middle section (LOC TL-46B) with yellow fine-grained
rippled sandstone and an upper section (LOC TL-46C) with conglomerates,
granulestones and very coarse-grained sandstone rich in volcanic fragments. No
similar outcrop was encountered during the fieldtrip and all facies appear different
from anything investigated previously.
LOC TL-46A
S08°37.009’
E127°08.501’
Description: The approximately 7 m section at the base of the investigated

succession is characterised by the following facies/facies associations (Figure
3-126):
Figure 3-126: LOC TL-46A - ?Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop.

Eni Timor Leste
A – Overview of lower section of outcrop, orange dashed line indicates

a shallow erosie base of a calcarenite (black line indicates common
section between photos A and B; blue arrow indicates stream flow
direction);
B – Overview of entire outcrop, channelized conglomerate highlighted by
pink fill, stars show sample position.
F.A.1: channelised conglomerate. This conglomerate shows a clear lateral

thickening from 0.3 m to >1 m. It is well indurated matrix supported and
contains subangular clasts of calcareous shale, micritic limestone, red
mudstone, brown siliceous mudstone, shell fragments and bioclastic
material. Average clast size is 2-3 cm. The matrix is a granule-rich very
coarse-grained calcareous sandstone and has a crystalline appearance.
F.A.2: medium- to coarse-grained grey calcarenites, ranging in thickness from

20-40 cm. They have erosive to sharp bases, a fairly tabular geometry
and are locally fining-up to medium (fine)-grained calcarenites. Cross-
bedding and clay chips are common and Planolites are found at the
base.
F.A.3: cm-bedded fine-grained calcarenites with horizontal lamination and

rippled tops interbedded with calcareous silty grey shale with 2 cm thick
trains of fine-grained sandstone ripples.
No specific vertical trends were identified. The investigated section passes updip
into a thick shale unit with less than 20 cm thick fine-grained sandstone interbeds.
Sample: ENI TL-148 conglomerate; ENI TL-147 fine-grained calcarenite;

ENI TL-146 calcareous silty grey shale; ENI TL-149 silty grey shale
LOC TL-46B
S08°37.056’
E126°08.581’
Description: Approximately 70 m upsection/upstream, is a ~12 m thick

sandstone succession. The base is gradational into interbedded fine-grained
sandstones and mudstones (Figure 3-127).

Eni Timor Leste
TL-150 TL-151
Figure 3-127: LOC TL-46B - ?Babulu Fm. Overview of outcrop.

Orange arrow shows way-up.
Blue arrow indicates stream flow direction.
Red stars show indicative position of samples.
The sandstones are cm-bedded, very well-sorted fine- to very fine-grained with only
two medium-grained sandstone levels encountered, which were 20 and 6 cm thick.
No intervening mud layers are present. The sandstone is commonly present in
fining-up cycles and the dominant sedimentary structures are current and wave
ripples (Figure 3-128). Climbing current ripples and horizontal lamination are also
recognised. Two intervals with HCS are identified in the top of the section.
Common soft sediment deformation and horizontal to slightly oblique Planolites
burrows are observed.

Eni Timor Leste
A B
D
C
Figure 3-128: LOC TL-46B - ?Babulu Fm. Main sedimentary structures.

Very fine/fine-grained sandstone with:
A&B – Hummocky cross-stratification;
C – Fining-up parallel laminated sandstones;
D – Climbing and current ripples;
E – Soft sediment deformation, flame and pillow structures.
Samples: ENI TL-150 medium- to fine-grained sandstone; ENI TL-151 fine-

grained sandstone.
In-between LOC TL-46B and TL-46C
Description: The section between LOC TL-46B and C is dominated by grey

mudstone interbedded with cm-thick rippled fine- to medium-grained sandstone
(Figure 3-129).
Sample: ENI TL-152 shale

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-129: LOC TL-46B - ?Babulu Fm. Overview.

A - Muddy succession in-between TL46b and c;
B – View downstream: ripples on bedding surfaces of cm-thick sandstone
interbeds, between LOC TL-26B and C.
LOC TL-46C
S08°37.108’
E126°08.732’
Description: The upper most section is a ~15 m thick succession of poorly

sorted coarse-grained siliciclastic deposits rich in lithic fragments (possibly volcanic)
and subordinate mudstones (Figure 3-130). These sandstones are very different
from what has been seen previously in the field trip.

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-130 LOC TL-46C - ?Babulu Fm. Overview.

A – Overview ;
B – Samples taken at this locality.
(Note: orange arrow indicates way-up; orange line indicates section blown-up
in photo B. Highlighted in orange is an erosive based conglomerate.
The main facies are (Figure 3-129):
F.1: argillaceous medium (?)-grained sandstone rich in clay chips
F.2: erosive based conglomerates,
F.3: structureless granulestones
F.4: horizontally stratified very coarse (to medium)-grained sandstone
F.5: dark grey greenish shales
Samples: ENI TL-156 medium-grained sandstone; ENI TL-153

granulestone; ENI TL-155 dark grey shale; ENI TL-154 very coarse-grained
sandstone

Eni Timor Leste
Figure 3-131: LOC TL-46C - ?Babulu Fm. Facies.

A&B – Detail of outcrop. Numbers refer to dominant facies.

Eni Timor Leste
Section 4: References

SECTION 4: REFERENCES

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Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009

APPENDICES

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Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
INDEX
APPENDIX A: LOCALITIES
APPENDIX B: COLLECTED SAMPLES
APPENDIX C: DAILY DIARY/ACCOMMODATION

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
APPENDIX A:
LOCALITIES

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
Locality Locality Name Latitude Longitude Date Visited

TL-1 Bandeira River S 08 54.973 E 125 25.512 17/09/2008
TL-2 Bandeira River S 08 54.926 E 125 25.288 17/09/2008
TL-3 Lasau Village S 08 57.978 E 125 22.610 18/09/2008
TL-4 Fatoro River S 09 06.209 E 125 25.660 18/09/2008
TL-7 Wailuli River S 08 55.947 E 125 34.641 19/09/2008
TL-8 Tributary of Wailuli River S 08 55.903 E 125 34.632 19/09/2008
TL-9 Wailuli River S 08 55.777 E 125 34.564 19/09/2008
TL-10 Fatuk Fahe S 08 53.574 E 125 36.874 19/09/2008
TL-11 Lisu Hati S 08 55.789 E 125 36.394 19/09/2008
TL-12 Upstream Wailuli River S 08 54.181 E 125 36.280 20/09/2008
TL-15 Hato Builico S 08 52 998 E 125 31.334 20/09/2008
TL-16 Haemu River S 08 53.941 E 125 33.354 21/09/2008
TL-17 Haemu River S 08 54.385 E 125 33.398 21/09/2008
TL-18 Haemu River S 08 54.403 E 125 33.405 21/09/2008
TL-19 Ernala River S 08 48.815 E 125 32.918 22/09/2008
TL-20 Asukai River S 08 50.271 E 125 39.971 22/09/2008
TL-21 Asukai River S 08 50.457 E 125 40.170 22/09/2008
TL-22A Manatutu S 08 30.879 E 126 00.629 23/09/2008
TL-22C Manatutu S 08 30.945 E 126 00.592 23/09/2008
TL-23 Manatutu S 08 31.003 E 126 01.420 23/09/2008
TL-24A Laclo River S 08 31.059 E 126 00.168 23/09/2008
TL-24B Laclo River S 08 31.242 E 126 00.174 23/09/2008
TL-25A Tributary of Sumasi River S 08 41.447 E 125 57.767 24/09/2008
TL-25B Tributary of Sumasi River S 08 41.381 E 125 57.689 24/09/2008
TL-25C Tributary of Sumasi River S 08 41.409 E 125 57.759 24/09/2008
TL-26 Tributary of Sumasi River S 08 41.557 E 125 58.391 24/09/2008
TL-27 Sumasi River S 08 41.634 E 125 58.771 24/09/2008
TL-28A Cribas Anticline S 08 40.712 E 126 01.273 25/09/2008
TL-28B Cribas Anticline S 08 40.577 E 126 01.325 25/09/2008
TL-28C Cribas Anticline S 08 40.464 E 126 01.304 25/09/2008
TL-28D Cribas Anticline S 08 40.244 E 126 01.385 25/09/2008
TL-29A Road to Orlalan S 08 43.710 E 125 58.627 26/09/2008
TL-29B Road to Orlalan S 08 44.271 E 125 58.692 26/09/2008
TL-30 Tributary of Mutin River S 08 45.683 E 125 58.138 26/09/2008
TL-31 Mutin River S 08 48.787 E 125 57.214 27/09/2008
TL-32 Mutin River S 08 49.496 E 125 57.110 27/09/2008

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
Locality Locality Name Latitude Longitude Date Visited

TL-33 Mutin River S 08 49.868 E 125 57.335 27/09/2008
TL-34 Tributary of Mutin River S 08 49.913 E 125 57.214 27/09/2008
TL-35 Mutin River S 08 50.026 E 125 57.477 27/09/2008
TL-36 Mutin River at Soibada S 08 51.922 E 125 57.461 28/09/2008
TL-37 Sahe River S 08 52.547 E 125 57.142 28/09/2008
TL-38 Tributary of Sahe River S 08 53.956 E 125 55.005 28/09/2008
TL-39 Tributary of Sahe River S 08 53.900 E 125 54.908 28/09/2008
TL-40A Viqueque (Cuha River) S 08 51.922 E 126 21.796 29/09/2008
TL-40B Viqueque (Cuha River) S 08 52.048 E 126 22.169 29/09/2008
TL-41 Aliambata Gas Seep S 08 47.880 E 126 35.528 29/09/2008
TL-42 Aliambata Area, Dry Creek S 08 47.668 E 126 36.137 29/09/2008
TL-43 Aliambata Area, Dry Creek S 08 47.750 E 126 36.140 29/09/2008
TL-44 Tutuala Poussada S 08 23.494 E 127 15.455 30/09/2008
TL-45 Tutuala Area S 08 23.710 E 127 15.855 30/09/2008
TL-46A Laleia River S 08 37.009 E 126 08.501 1/10/2008
TL-46B Laleia River S 08 37.056 E 126 08.581 1/10/2008
TL-46C Laleia River S 08 37.108 E 126 08.732 1/09/2008
TL-47 Matai-1/1A wellhead ?S 09 18.25 ?E 125 15.66 ?9/09/2008

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
APPENDIX B:
COLLECTED SAMPLES

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
Sampled for
Geochemistry
Micropaleon-
Palynology /
Petrology
Sample Locality Formation Description
tology
ENI TL-1 TL-1 Babulu Grey, argillaceous fg sandstone x
ENI TL-2 TL-1 Babulu Grey slightly silty shale x x
ENI TL-3 TL-2 Babulu Grey, crystalline vf-fg sandstone x
ENI TL-4 TL-2 Babulu Bioclastic grey sandstone x
ENI TL-5 TL-2 Babulu Dark grey micro-micaceous shale x x
ENI TL-6 TL-3 Kolbano Group Light grey foraminiferal limestone x x
ENI TL-7 TL-4 Aitutu Purple-grey siliceous limestone x
ENI TL-8 TL-4 Aitutu Dark grey to black claystone x x
ENI TL-9 TL-5 Aitutu Triassic bivalve x
ENI TL-10 TL-5 Aitutu Dark grey-black organic rich shale x x
ENI TL-13 TL-6 Aitutu Grey, crystalline limestone x
ENI TL-14 TL-6 Aitutu Bioclastic, dark grey mudstone x x
ENI TL-15 TL-7 Wailuli Grey, bioturbated limestone x x
ENI TL-16 TL-7 Wailuli Mid grey bioturbated calcareous mudstone x x
ENI TL-17 TL-8 Indeterminate Dark grey shale x x
ENI TL-18 TL-9a Aitutu Very fissile black shale x x
ENI TL-19 TL-9a Aitutu Massive black shale x x
ENI TL-20 TL-9a Aitutu Massive grey limestone x x
ENI TL-21 TL-9c Aitutu?Babulu? Brown, fg sandstone x
ENI TL-22 TL-10 Aitutu Dark grey limestone with oil staining x x
ENI TL-23 TL-10 Aitutu Fissile, calcareous shale x x
ENI TL-24 TL-10 Aitutu Fissile, dark grey mudstone x x
ENI TL-25 TL-10 ?Aitutu Ammonoids in Triassic mudstone x
ENI TL-26 TL-11a Babulu Vfg sandstone x
ENI TL-27 TL-11b Babulu Mg grey sandstone x
ENI TL-28 TL-12 Babulu F-vfg sandstone, fining upwards x
ENI TL-29 TL-12 Babulu Fg parallel laminated sandstone, bioturbation at base x
ENI TL-30 TL-12 Babulu Mg parallel laminated sandstone, mod sorted x
ENI TL-31 TL-12 Babulu Fissile grey mudstone x
ENI TL-32 TL-12 Babulu Grey sandstone from base of massive unit x
ENI TL-33 TL-12 Babulu Fg sandstone from top of massive unit x
ENI TL-34 TL-13 Aitutu Fissile grey shale x x
ENI TL-35 TL-14A Aitutu Fissile black shale x x
ENI TL-36 TL-14A Aitutu Dark grey limestone x x
ENI TL-37 TL-14B Aitutu Dark grey to black shale x x
ENI TL-38 TL-14B Aitutu Oil stained grey limestone x x
ENI TL-39 TL-14B Aitutu Oil stained vein in grey limestone x x
ENI TL-40 TL-15 Maubisse Pink, fossiliferous bioclastic limestone x
ENI TL-41 TL-16 Aitutu Grey, oolitic limestone x
ENI TL-42 TL-16 Aitutu Fining up, bioclastic limestone with brachiopods x
ENI TL-43 TL-16 Aitutu Normally graded limestone x
ENI TL-44 TL-16 Aitutu Grey micritic limestone ~3m above ENI TL-43 x

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
Sampled for
Geochemistry
Micropaleon-
Palynology /
Petrology
tology
ENI TL-45 TL-16 Aitutu Grey micritic limestone ~1.5m above ENI TL-43 x
ENI TL-46 TL-17 Babulu HCS sandstone x
ENI TL-47 TL-17 Babulu Parallel to LAL fg sandstone x
ENI TL-48 TL-17 Babulu Silty, sandy grey shale x x
ENI TL-49 TL-17 Babulu HCS to LAL fg sandstone x
ENI TL-50 TL-18 Aitutu XB calcarenite x
ENI TL-51 TL-18 Aitutu XB and wavy bedded calcarenite to calcilutite x
ENI TL-52 TL-18 Aitutu Stylotised calcilutite x
ENI TL-53 TL-18 Aitutu XB, parallel and wavy bedded calcarenite-calcilutite x
ENI TL-54 TL-19 Maubisse Dark grey, fg vesicular basalt x
ENI TL-55 TL-19 Maubisse Fossiliferous limestone x
ENI TL-56 TL-20 Wailuli Dark grey, deformed shale x x
ENI TL-57 TL-20 Wailuli Dark grey, deformed shale x x
ENI TL-58 TL-20 Wailuli Pale grey calcareous shale x x
ENI TL-59 TL-21 ?Babulu/Aitutu Fissile, silty grey shale x x
ENI TL-60 TL-21 ?Babulu/Aitutu Fissile, silty grey shale x x
ENI TL-61 TL-21 ?Babulu/Aitutu Parallel laminated, brown, well indurated fg sandstone x
ENI TL-64 TL-21 ?Babulu/Aitutu Shaly, parallel laminated fg sst, less indurated x
ENI TL-65 TL-21 ?Babulu/Aitutu Silty grey shale at top of section x x
ENI TL-66 TL-21 ?Babulu/Aitutu 30cm thick orange weathered sandstone x
ENI TL-67 TL-21 ?Babulu/Aitutu Grey silty shale below sandstone x x
ENI TL-68 TL-22A Babulu Lensoidal, fg grey sandstone x
ENI TL-69 TL-22C Babulu Fissile grey shale x x
ENI TL-70 TL-23 Babulu F-mg pale brown sandstone x
ENI TL-71 TL-23 Babulu Mg grey sandstone, well indurated x
ENI TL-72 TL-23 Babulu Vf-fg pale brown sandstone x
ENI TL-73 TL-23 Babulu F-mg parallel laminated sandstone x
ENI TL-74A TL-23 Babulu Fg sandstone, between 2 conglomeratic layers x
ENI TL-74B TL-23 Babulu Loose cobble of micritic conglomerate x
ENI TL-75 TL-24A Babulu F-mg, parallel laminated sandstone x
ENI TL-76 TL-24A Babulu Pebble conglomerate x
ENI TL-77 TL-24B Babulu Poorly sorted mg sandstone with granules x
ENI TL-78 TL-24B Babulu Mg sandstone within massive sandstone unit x
ENI TL-79 TL-25A Cribas TXB vfg sandstone x
ENI TL-80 TL-25A Cribas Purple weathered vfg sandstone x
ENI TL-81 TL-25A Cribas Bioclastic f-mg sandstone x
ENI TL-82 TL-25A Cribas Red mottled mudstone x x
ENI TL-83 TL-25A Cribas Vcg bioclastic sandstone x
ENI TL-84 TL-25B Cribas Silty grey mudstone x x
ENI TL-85 TL-25B Cribas Fg grey sandstone x
ENI TL-86 TL-25B Cribas Fg grey sandstone x
ENI TL-87 TL-25C Cribas Green, vcg to granular sandstone x

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
Sampled for
Geochemistry
Micropaleon-
Palynology /
Petrology
tology
ENI TL-88 TL-26A Babulu Silty, grey-brown mudstone x x
ENI TL-89 TL-26A Babulu Mg, orange-brown sandstone x
ENI TL-90 TL-26A Babulu Fg, finely laminated sandstone x
ENI TL-91 TL-26B Babulu Grey, silty shale x x
ENI TL-92 TL-27 Lower Triassic Variegated black and green shale x x
ENI TL-93 TL-27 Lower Triassic Variegated black and green shale x x
ENI TL-94 TL-28A Atahoc Mg ripple and XL sandstone x
ENI TL-95 TL-28B Atahoc Mg, well indurated XL sandstone x
ENI TL-96 TL-28B Atahoc Argillaceous, bioturbated fg sandstone x
ENI TL-97 TL-28C Atahoc Well indurated, calcareous sandstone x
ENI TL-98 TL-28C Atahoc Calcarenite x
ENI TL-99 TL-28C Atahoc Calcareous, bioclastic grey siltstone x
ENI TL-100 TL-28C Atahoc Dark grey-black shale x x
ENI TL-102 TL-28C Atahoc Bioclastic wackestone x
ENI TL-104 TL-29B Late Triassic? Bioturbated grey calcareous claystone x
ENI TL-105 TL-30 Late Jurassic? Grey, bioturbated radiolarite x
ENI TL-106 TL-30 Late Jurassic? Non-calcareous red mudstone x x
ENI TL-107 TL-31 NONE Oil sample from oil seep on bank of Mutin River x
ENI TL-108 TL-32 Aitutu Ooidal grey crystalline limestone x
ENI TL-109 TL-32 Aitutu Clast supported calcareous breccia x
ENI TL-110 TL-32 Aitutu Bioclastic packestone x
ENI TL-111 TL-32 Aitutu Dark grey fissile shale x x
ENI TL-112 TL-33A Babulu Mg, well sorted grey sandstone x
ENI TL-113 TL-33A Babulu Fg, well sorted grey sandstone x
ENI TL-114 TL-33A Babulu Fissile grey siltstone x x
ENI TL-115 TL-33A Babulu Vfg grey, very well sorted sandstone x
ENI TL-116 TL-33B Babulu? Fissile, silty grey claystone x x
ENI TL-117 TL-33B Babulu? Fg, grey well sorted sandstone x
ENI TL-118 TL-34 Babulu Mg, grey well sorted sandstone x
ENI TL-119 TL-34 Babulu Mg, grey well sorted sandstone x
ENI TL-120 TL-35 Wailuli Bioturbated grey calcareous shale x x
ENI TL-121 TL-35 Aitutu Dark grey calcareous shale x x
ENI TL-122 TL-36 Babulu M-cg sandstone, moderately sorted with clay chips x
ENI TL-123 TL-36 Babulu Mg, well sorted bioturbated grey sandstone x
ENI TL-124 TL-37 Wailuli Grey calcareous shale x x
ENI TL-125 TL-37 Aitutu Dark grey shale and micritic limestone x x
ENI TL-126 TL-38 Babulu Grey-green f-mg well sorted sandstone x
ENI TL-127 TL-39 Babulu Grey silty claystone x x
ENI TL-128 TL-39 Babulu Base of massive f-mg sandstone x
ENI TL-129 TL-39 Babulu Strongly laminated fg sandstone x
ENI TL-130 TL-40A Viqueque Grey, fissile marl x
ENI TL-131 TL-40A Viqueque White, massive chalk x x

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
Sampled for
Geochemistry
Micropaleon-
Palynology /
Petrology
tology
ENI TL-132 TL-40A Viqueque Argillaceous vfg sandstone x
ENI TL-133 TL-40A Viqueque Argillaceous poorly sorted mg sandstone x
ENI TL-134 TL-40A Viqueque Grey marlstone x
ENI TL-135 TL-40A Viqueque Argillaceous f-mg sandstone x
ENI TL-136 TL-40A Viqueque Poorly sorted mg sandstone x
ENI TL-137 TL-41 NONE Oil sample from Aliambata-1 well head x
ENI TL-138 TL-42 Babulu? Fg, well sorted sandstone x
ENI TL-139 TL-42 Babulu? Silty, dark grey mudstone x x
ENI TL-140 TL-42 Babulu? Fg, well sorted grey sandstone x
ENI TL-141 TL-43 Aitutu Dark grey-black shale x x
ENI TL-142 TL-44A Late Triassic Pale grey grainstone limestone x
ENI TL-143 TL-44A Late Triassic Pale grey grainstone with ooids x
ENI TL-144 TL-44B Late Triassic Mid grey-brown floatstone x
ENI TL-145 TL-45 Late Triassic Bioclastic grey-brown floatstone x
ENI TL-146 TL-46A Babulu Calcareous silty grey shale x x
ENI TL-147 TL-46A Babulu Grey, fg well sorted calcarenite x
ENI TL-148 TL-46A Babulu Well indurated, grey pebble conglomerate x
ENI TL-149 TL-46A Babulu Silty grey shale x x
ENI TL-150 TL-46B Babulu Very well sorted, f-mg sandstone x
ENI TL-151 TL-46B Babulu Very well sorted fg sandstone x
ENI TL-152 TL-46B Babulu Mid grey shale x x
ENI TL-153 TL-46C Babulu Granulestone, poorly sorted x
ENI TL-154 TL-46C Babulu Vcg laminated poorly sorted sandstone x
ENI TL-155 TL-46C Babulu Dark grey shale x x
ENI TL-156 TL-46C Babulu Mg parallel laminated sandstone x
ENI TL-157 TL-47 NONE Oil sample from Matai1/1A oil seep (collected by E. McCartain) x
.o0o.

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
APPENDIX C:
DAILY DIARY/ACCOMMODATION

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009
Breakfast Lunch Dinner Accommodation

Day 1, 17/09/2008
Dili packed lunch in Atsabe: c/o a private house Atsabe: bivouac in a derelict Portuguese-style house
owned by Zeraldo De Silva (no glass on the windows or running water or toilet)
Gomez located in the main square of this small town. River at
LOC TL1 could be used to bathe.
Day 2, 18/09/2008
Atsabe: c/o private house owned packed lunch Ainaro: at the Rosalia Pereira Ainaro: Here the team was split in two B&B in this pretty
by Zeraldo De Silva Gomez. Poussada. Rua Ainaro Vila. mountain town. The Eni and medic personnel stayed in
the small but cosy Rosalia Pereira Poussada. 1 double
room with bathroom. 1 single room and 1 double room
with no bathroom. 1 shared bathroom available. Hot
and stuffy rooms.
The main ‘hotel’ in Ainaro was booked up by an ENI
sponsored conference: a teaching programme on ‘Baby
feeding’ for health workers
Day 3, 19/09/2008
Ainaro: at the Rosalia Pereira packed lunch Same: Hotel Same Same: the night is spent in a relatively big and new
Poussada hotel Same in this lively town. Numerous double rooms
with 'ensuite'.

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009

Day 4, 20/09/2008
Same: Hotel Same packed lunch Hato Builico: Poussada Alecrim Hato Builico: the night is spent in the Poussada Alecrim
Namrau Namrau in the highest and coldest town in East Timor,
with temperature dropping down to 10ºC at night.
Numerous double rooms available. Two shared
bathrooms with icy-cold water.
Day 5, 21/09/2008
Hato Builico: packed lunch Maubisse: Maubisse: team split in two. Eni personnel in the small
Poussada Alecrim Namrau Restaurant Sarah, just below Poussada Aimen. Three Private rooms with basic en-
guest house. suite bathrooms.
Day 6, 22/09/2008
Maubisse: packed lunch Dili: Discovery Inn Dili: Discovery Inn
Restaurant Sarah, just below
guest house.

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009

Day 7, 23/09/2008
Dili: Discovery Inn Manatutu: 'Cock and Bull' Manatutu: 'Cock and Bull' Manatutu: private home. 4 double bedrooms: 3 with
Restaurant Restaurant ensuite bathroom but only 2 working. 1 communal
bathroom.
Day 8, 24/09/2008
Manatutu: private home. packed lunch Manatutu: 'Cock and Bull' as day 7
Restaurant
Day 9, 25/09/2008
as day 8 packed lunch Manatutu: 'Cock and Bull' as day 7
Restaurant
Day 10, 26/09/2008

as day 8 packed lunch Orlalan village: cooked dinner was Orlalan village: the night was spent camping in a local
carried from Manatutu (Cock and school at the start of the descent to the oil seep. Rats
Bull restaurant) due to scarcity of crawling around. Nearby creek (short drive and climb
food in this area, food was away) used for bathing. Toilets at school, but very
reheated and served by local unhygienic, so not used. Nice pool of running water
women. available at a short drive and steep climb for bathing.
Day 11, 27/09/2008
Prepared by local women packed lunch Soibada: cooked dinner carried Soibada: the night was spent camping in the local
from Mantutu, reheated and administrative office. No shower (bathed in River Mutin).
served in a private house Toilet unhygienic; dirty with very little water available for
flushing. Large spiders, scorpions and insects in rooms.
Local security guard patrol (guard also slept in the office)
Day 12, 28/09/2008

Noodles, cooked by team packed lunch provided by B&B Viqueuque: small B&B, private and shared hot and
humid bedrooms with ensuite.
Day 13, 29/09/2008
Viqueuque: provided by B&B packed lunch provided by B&B as night 12

Eni Timor Leste
Appendices
Perth: August 2009

Day 14, 30/09/2008
as day 13 packed lunch provided by Walu Eco-resort at Walu Eco-resort at Walu Beach, near Tutuala. Shared
Walu Beach, near Tutuala. and private bungalows. 2 shared external
toilet/bathrooms, no fresh water.
Day 15, 1/10/2008

Provided by Walu Eco-resort at packed lunch skipped Dili
Walu Beach, near Tutuala.


Eni 2008 Field Trip Report

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Eni Timor Leste

PERTH: DECEMBER 2009

Authors: P. Giaj-Via (Sedimentologist)

Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

Enclosure 1: Timor Island and Timor Sea Stratigraphy

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

TIMOR-LESTE FIELD TRIP 2008

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

1.2 FIELD TRIP PARTICIPANTS ......................................................................................1-2

1.3 HSE AND SECURITY ..................................................................................................1-3

1.4 LOGISTICS AND ITINERARY .....................................................................................1-4

1.5 METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................................1-5

1.6 REPORT STRUCTURE ...............................................................................................1-7

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

Figure 1-1: Eni Timor-Leste – Production Sharing Contracts

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

 To obtain a general understanding of the Permian to recent stratigraphy of

A total of 46 localities were visited (Figure 1-2).

1.2 FIELD TRIP PARTICIPANTS

Eni Australia: David Hearty (Project Leader),

UWA 1 : Eujay McCartain (Geological Expert)

ANP 2 : Jorge Vicente da Costa Freitas (Week 1),

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

SERN 3 : Francisco Fereira

ASPEN Medical: Ross Shadbolt (Medic)

APAC Security: 5 drivers/security personnel

1.3 HSE AND SECURITY

 3 daily phone calls to the Duty Manager in Perth

No major HSE or security incidents occurred during the field trip.

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

1.4 LOGISTICS AND ITINERARY

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

Figure 1-3: Field trip route with helicopter flights outlined.

1.5.1 DATA COLLECTION:

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

Petrographic, geochemical and biostratigraphic analyses will be performed on the

Sandstone Samples: sample preparation and petrographic studies for provenance

Limestone Samples: sample preparation and petrographic studies will be performed

Siliciclastic Mudstones, Marls and Chalk: sample preparation and biostratigraphic

Siliciclastic Mudstones, Limestones and Oil Samples: will undergo geochemical

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

1.6 REPORT STRUCTURE

SECTION 1: Introduction – comprising a summary of the pre-field trip

SECTION 2: Hydrocarbon Exploration History - a summary of the history of

SECTION 3: Day-By-Day Field Guide - day-by-day descriptions of visited

APPENDIX A: List of Localities

APPENDIX C: Accommodation and meals (day-by-day)

ENCLOSURE 1: Eni Timor Island Stratigraphy (A3).

ENCLOSURE 2: Audley-Charles (1968) Geological Map fold-out.

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

TIMOR-LESTE FIELD TRIP 2008

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

SECTION 2 : HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION......................................... 2-1

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

SECTION 2 : HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

Figure 2-2: Photograph of Aliambata (1921-1927) wellhead

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

 Aliambata-1 (1957) was located on an anticlinal structure between the older

Figure 2-3: Aliambata-1 (1957) wellhead;

This document is the property of Eni Timor Leste S.p.A.

 Matai-1 (1960) encountered a thin Plio-Pleistocene Viqueque Fm section,

Following acquisition of an offshore Sparker seismic survey and onshore seismic