INTRODUCTION

Nearly every substance can exist as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. These are the three
common states of matter. Whether a substance is a solid, a liquid, or a gas depends
on its temperature and the pressure placed on it. At room temperature (about 22°C)
and at the normal pressure exerted by the atmosphere, water exists as a liquid,
which can flow from one container to another. But if its temperature is lowered to –
0.01°C, liquid water freezes to solid ice. Going the opposite direction in temperature
and at this same pressure, water changes to a gas when the temperature exceeds
100°C. Changes in state can also occur by changing the pressure while holding
temperature constant. The relationship between temperature and pressure and the
three states of matter is easier to see when displayed in a phase diagram. Because
phase diagrams provide so much information, they are known for thousands of
substances.

Any change in phase is accompanied by the taking in or release of heat energy

because, as change takes place, the attractive forces between molecules are being
broken down or being formed. As solid water converts to liquid water, heat is
absorbed as the forces between water molecules weaken, allowing the liquid to flow.
The energy involved in phase changes is accurately known for many substances.
The heat energy needed to warm or cool solids, liquids, and gases without changing
phase is also accurately known.
 Subtopic in this chapter

1.1 Atoms and Molecules 2

¤ Sub-atomic particles and isotope notation
¤ Relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass

1.2 Mole Concept 8

¤ The mole concept and Avogadro constant
¤ Empirical formula and molecular formula
¤ Measurements of concentration

1.3 Stoichiometry
¤ Oxidation-reduction reactions (Redox reactions)
¤ Chemical equations
¤ Limiting reactant
¤ Stoichiometric calculation
¤ Redox titration
 Important of matter

It enables us to know the different 'moods' of the matter around us (also within our
bodies).
All chemicals we see on Earth are in the 3 states of gas, liquid & solid. At the
temperature and pressure on Earth (recall Boyle's, Charles' & Gay-lussac's laws) they
remain so in their states. The most important chemical for the humans 'H20' called
water exists in 3 states. It affects us as water in the form of rain, flowing water as the
greatest spread over the surface (Oceans), as snow (permafrost, frozen surface of
oceans, ice) and as air (moisture). Water is abundant that beats our imagination. In its
liquid form it is vital for the body the same way it is for the external environment to
carry matter from one place to the other. 'Steam' is made from water for many
industrial purposes. Thermodynamics and such stuff of water is a branch Engineering,
that is the basis of power generation in Thermal & Neclear-thermal power generation.
Any student of Thermodynamics (study of states of matter included) will vouch for it.
Many substances that stay as chemiclas do so in either state of these three. Ouside
the terestrial chemistry there are at least a dozen more states that we on Earth are
unaware of.
It is said that 'Prometheus' ('Pramantha' in Sanskrit) stole 'fire' from the gods and gave
it to man. It is another (4th) state of matter called 'Plasma' state without which man
couldn't have progressed to what he is now. But this state occurs on Earth extremely
rare.
As your question is too general (for comfort) to focus on, I suggest you follow the
leads given to pursue the subject in Wikipedia. One thing an articulate, intelligent
person needs to do is to frame the question in 'specifics'; that way the time spent by
each of us becomes worthwhile instead of chasing clouds, a frustrating exercise.
 Why students have difficulties to understand this chapter

Based on our research, 6 out of 10 student have the difficulties to understand this
chapter. We found out that the problem that been faced by this students are
 Too much formula to be remember
 Hard to apply the data given into the formula
 Hard to understand what the question want
 Hard to identify the when the question want us to make an assumption
 Unclear explanation in lectures

Way to overcome this problem

Based on the problem that we found out .The way to overcome the problems
in that student need to do more practice and go to the lecturer place to make them
be more understand the chapter and became more familiar to ever kind of question
the will asked during the examination. They also need to do some revision before
they go in the lecture class, so that they have the idea of what the need to focus more
during the lecturer doing the explanation. They also can use our presentation as
referent and to make them more understand about this chapter.
 Conclusion
The conclusion is, this chapter can be categorized as an easy chapter because
students already learned the surface of this topic when they are in high school so they
suppose to conquer this chapter and make it as the one that can help them in the
examination. So to make this happened students and also lecturer need to do play
their rule so they are no more difficulties in this easy chapter.

Reference

http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Chemistry-Vol-1/Properties-of-
Matter-Real-life-applications.html
http://kongchemistry.blogspot.my/2016/07/matriculation-chemistry-sk016.html

https://www.scribd.com/doc/313501769/Chemistry-Malaysian-Matriculation-Full-
Notes-Slides-for-Semester-1-and-2

http://look4chemistry.blogspot.my/

http://duniakita94.blogspot.com/2015/08/first-semester-download-chemistry.html