Factors Affecting Viscosity

of a Liquid

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 Introduction

 It is the measure of stickiness of a fluid.

 Refers to molecular friction caused by
pushing of molecules past one another.
 Water always has a low viscosity.
 Other liquids such as shampoo or syrup have
high viscosity.

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 Factors Affecting Viscosity
of a Liquid
 Several factors affect viscosity of a liquid.
 Flow conditions are among the factors .
 The two main flow conditions of a liquid are
laminar and turbulent.
 Laminar flow is when the liquid moves in the
thin imaginary layers.
 Happens without changing of molecules
from one layer to the other.

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 This flow is usually orderly.
 Turbulent flow does not have a recognizable
structure.
 Layers cannot be observed.
 Fluid develops cortices.
 When tested under this flow condition, liquid
depicts higher viscosity.
 Shear rate is another factor that influences
liquid viscosity.

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 Liquids that have internal flow that does not
depend on external forces
 That is the shear rate that act on the fluid.
 They are ideally viscous.
 Such fluids are called Newtonian fluids.

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 Newtonian liquids

 They are ideally not viscous.

 Viscosity of the non-Newtonian liquids
changes with shear rate.
 Apparent viscosity of such liquids is specified.
 Some of them show shear-thinning behavior.
 Their viscosity decrease with increasing shear
rate.
 Others have viscosity that increases with an
increase in shear rate.

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 Temperature Factor

 Temperature has dominating influence in

liquids viscosity.
 Most have low viscosity when temperatures
are high.
 Decreased temperature causes increased
liquid viscosity.
 Viscosity and temperature have an inversely
relationship in liquids.
 Temperature changes affects the viscosity of
a liquid.
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 Pressure

 Pressure also affects viscosity of most liquids.

 Compressing liquids at medium or low pressures
is almost impossible.
 This makes pressure not a intense factor to
viscosity of liquids.
 Changing pressure from about 0.1 to 30MPa can
cause a similar viscosity change.
 This is with a change in temperature of
approximately 1 degree centigrade.


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