IA

1 20

H 14
2.10
14.3
Periodic Table of
1 (c) 2008 Zahm
1.0 9.0n5
Hydrogen IIA
3 1615 4 2744 atomic number --> 26 3134 <-- boiling point (K)
454 1560 symbol --> 1811 <-- freezing/melting point (K)
Li 0.98 Be 1.57 Fe 1.83 <-- electronegativity
3.58 1.83 0.449 <-- specific heat (J/gC)
1 2 2, 3, 6 <-- oxidation states (bold most stable
6.94 0.53 9.0 1.9 atomic weight (g/mol) --> 55.9 7.874 <-- density (g/mL)
Lithium Beryllium name --> Iron ( ) estimates in parentheses
11 1156 12 1363
371 923
Na 0.93 Mg 1.31
1.23 1.02
1 2
23.0 0.97 24.3 1.74
Sodium Magnesium IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB [-------------------------VIIIB------------------------]
19 1033 20 1757 21 3109 22 3560 23 3680 24 2945 25 2234 26 3134 27 3200 28 3186
337 1115 1814 1941 2183 2130 1519 1811 1768 1728
K 0.82 Ca 1.00 Sc 1.36 Ti 1.54 V 1.63 Cr 1.66 Mn 1.55 Fe 1.83 Co Ni
1.88 1.91
0.757 0.647 0.568 0.523 0.489 0.449 0.479 0.449 0.421 0.106
1 2 3 4, 3 5, 4, 3, 2 6, 3, 2 7, 6, 4, 3, 2 2, 3, 6 2, 3 2, 3
39.1 0.86 40.1 1.55 45.0 2.99 47.9 4.54 50.9 6.11 52.0 7.19 54.9 7.44 55.9 7.874 58.9 8.90 58.7 8.90
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel
37 961 38 1655 39 3618 40 4682 41 5017 42 4912 43 4538 44 4423 45 3968 46 3236
312 1050 1795 2128 2730 2896 2430 2607 2237 1828
Rb 0.79 Sr 0.95 Y 1.22 Zr 1.33 Nb 1.6 Mo 2.16 Tc 1.9 Ru 2.2Rh Pd
2.28 2.20
0.363 0.301 0.30 0.278 0.265 0.25 0.24 0.238 0.243 0.058
1 2 3 4 5, 3 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 7 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 2, 3, 4 2, 4
85.5 1.5 87.6 2.54 88.9 4.47 91.2 6.51 92.9 8.57 95.9 10.22 (98) 11.5 101.1 12.37 102.9 12.41 106.4 12.0
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technitium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium
55 944 56 2170 72 4876 73 5730 74 5828 75 5870 76 5285 77 4700 78 4097
302 1000 (La-Lu) 2506 3290 3680 3459 3306 2720 2042
Cs 0.7 Ba 0.89 Hf 1.3 Ta 1.5 W 2.36 Re 1.9 Os 2.2Ir Pt
2.20 2.28
0.240 .204 0.144 0.140 0.132 0.137 0.130 0.131 0.031
1 2 4 5 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 7, 6, 4, 2 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 2, 3, 4, 6 2, 4
132.9 1.9 137.3 3.5 178.5 13.31 181.0 16.65 183.8 19.3 186.2 21.0 190.2 22.57 192.2 22.42 195.1 21.45
Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum
87 (950) 88 1413 104 ? 105 ? 106 ? 107 ? 108 ? 109 ? 110 ?
300 973 (Ac-Lr) ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Fr ? Ra 0.89 Rf ? Db ? Sg ? Bh ? Hs ?Mt Ds? ?
? .094 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
1 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
(223) ? 226.0 5.0 (261) ? (262) ? (266) ? (264) ? (277) ? (268) ? (269) ?
Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium

57 3737 58 3716 59 3785 60 3347 61 3273 62 2067 63 1869 64 3546

1191 1071 1204 1294 1315 1347 1095 1586
La 1.10 Ce 1.12 Pr 1.13 Nd 1.14 Pm 1.13 Sm 1.17 Eu 1.2 Gd 1.20
0.195 0.19 0.193 0.1960 ? 0.197 0.182 0.236
3 3, 4 3, 4 3 3 3, 2 3, 2 3
138.9 6.2 140.1 6.8 140.9 6.8 144.2 7.0 (145) 7.3 150.4 7.5 152.0 5.2 157.3 7.9
Lanthanum Cerium PraseodymiumNeodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium
89 (3470) 90 5061 91 (4300) 92 4404 93 (4175) 94 3505 95 2284 96 ?
1324 2023 1845 1408 917 913 1449 1620
Ac 1.1 Th 1.3 Pa 1.5 U 1.38 Np 1.36 Pu 1.28 Am 1.3 Cm 1.3
0.120 0.113 ? 0.12 ? 0.13 ? ?
3 4 5, 4 6, 5, 4, 3 6, 5, 4, 3 6, 5, 4, 3 6, 5, 4, 3 3
(227) 10.1 232.0 11.7 (231) (15.4) 238.0 19.0 (237) 20.2 (244) 19.84 (243) 13.7 (247) (13.5)
Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium
 VIIA VIIIA
2 4

ble of the Elements H He (1)

5.193
x

(c) 2008 Zahm x

4.00 1.8n4
IIIA IVA VA VIA Helium
5 4275 6 4284 7 77 8 90 9 85 10 27
2348 4052 63 54 54 25
B 2.04 C 2.55 N 3.04 O 3.44 F 3.98 Ne x
1.026 0.71 1.042 0.918 0.824 1.030
bold most stable) 3 ± 4, 2 ± 3, 5, 4, 2 -2 -1 x
10.8 2.37 12.0 2.26 14.0 1.3n3 16.0 1.4n3 19.0 1.7n3 20.2 9.0n4
Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
13 2792 14 3246 15 553 16 718 17 239 18 88
934 1686 317 388 172 84
Al 1.61 Si 1.90 P 2.19 S 2.58 Cl 3.16 Ar x
0.90 0.70 0.769 0.710 0.479 0.520
3 4, 2 ± 3, 5, 4 ± 2, 4, 6 ± 1, 3, 5, 7 x
27.0 2.70 28.1 2.33 31.0 1.82 32.1 2.07 35.5 3.2n3 40.0 1.8n3
IB IIB Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
29 2835 30 1180 31 2477 32 3115 33 (876) 34 958 35 332 36 120
1358 693 303 1211 (1090) 494 266 116
Cu 1.90 Zn 1.65 Ga 1.81 Ge 2.01 As 2.18 Se 2.55 Br 2.96 Kr x
0.385 0.388 0.371 0.32 0.29 0.32 0.23 0.248
2, 1 2 3 4 ± 3, 5 ± 2, 4, 6 ± 1, 5, 7 0, 2
63.6 8.96 65.4 7.13 69.7 6.095 72.6 5.32 74.9 5.73 79.0 4.79 79.9 3.12 83.8 3.7n3
Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
47 2435 48 1040 49 2345 50 2828 51 1860 52 1261 53 458 54 165
1235 594 430 505 904 723 387 161
Ag 1.93 Cd 1.69 In 1.78 Sn 1.96 Sb 2.05 Te 2.1 I 2.66 Xe 2.6
0.235 0.232 0.233 0.228 0.207 0.202 0.145 0.158
1 2 3 4, 2 ± 3, 5 - 2, 4, 6 ± 1, 5, 7 0, 2, 4, 6
107.9 10.50 112.4 8.65 114.8 7.31 118.7 7.31 121.8 6.69 127.6 6.24 126.9 4.93 131.3 5.9n3
Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
79 3130 80 630 81 1746 82 1925 83 1837 84 ? 85 610 86 211
1337 234 577 601 545 527 575 202
Au 2.54 Hg 2.00 Tl 2.04 Pb 2.33 Bi 2.02 Po 2.0 At 2.2 Rn ?
0.129 0.140 0.129 0.129 0.122 ? ? 0.094
3, 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 2 3, 5 4, 2, 6 ± 1, 3, 5, 7 0, 2
197.0 19.3 200.6 13.55 204.4 11.85 207.2 11.35 209.0 9.75 (209) 9.3 (210) ? (222) 9.7n3
Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
111 ? 112 ? 113 ? 114 ? 115 ? 116 ? 117 ? 118 ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Uuu ? Uub ? Uut ? Uuq ? Uup ? Uuh ? Uus ? Uuo ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
(272) ? (285) ? (284) ? (289) ? (286) ? (289) ?? ?? ?
Unununium Ununbiium Ununtriium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium

65 3503 66 2840 67 2973 68 3140 69 2223 70 1469 71 3675

1629 1747 1747 1802 1816 1092 1936
Tb 1.1 Dy 1.22 Ho 1.23 Er 1.24 Tm 1.25 Yb 1.1 Lu1.27
0.182 0.173 0.165 0.168 0.160 0.155 0.154
3, 4 3 3 3 3, 2 3, 2 3
158.9 8.2 162.5 8.6 164.9 8.8 167.2 9.1 168.9 9.3 173.0 6.9 175.0 9.8
Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
97 ? 98 ? 99 ? 100 ? 101 ? 102 ? 103 ?
? (1170) (1130) (1800) (1100) (1100) (1900)
Bk 1.3 Cf 1.3 Es 1.3 Fm 1.3 Md 1.3 No 1.3 Lr 1.3
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
4, 3 3 3 3 3 2, 3 3
(247) (14) (251) ? (252) ? (257) ? (258) ? (259) ? (260) ?
Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendeleevium Nobelium Lawrencium