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SAN CRISTOBAL-ESTADO-TACHIRA.
INTEGRANTES :
Villamizar Jennifer
Ferrer Sirley
CI. 28624124
E2TA
INTRODUCCION
La ONU
·0 Fundacion
·1 Sede
·2 Estructura
ORGANOS
·3 La Asamblea General
·5 La Secretaria
PAISES MIEMBROS
OBJETIVOS
FUNCIONES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCIAS
INTRODUCCION
INTRODUCTION
Throughout history, humanity has been vulnerable to the various countries and various
problems that have led to war, and have marked the quality of life and even the lives of
people who have been victims of such wars. There are countless people who have lost
so much their lives their homes and their relatives without leaving aside the social and
moral psychological consequences that have occurred in them because they are
submerged in wars, which only benefits a few people. United nations' name coined by
the president of the United States FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT was used for the first time
in 1942 during the second world war, then representative of 26 nations approved the
declaration of the United Nations. emphasizing that the respective member governments
committed themselves to continue fighting together against the axis powers. UN or
UNITED NATIONS is the largest international organization in the world, the right way to
be defined is as an association of global governments that facilitate cooperation on
issues such as international law, international peace and security, economic and social
development, humanitarian issue and human rights, this is the most important forum of
multilateral diplomacy, the UN was officially founded on October 24, 1945 at the end of
the Second World War in San Francisco California at that time and had 51 member
countries, At the moment, they already have 192 member states. it means that
practically all sovereign countries recognized internationally are members. In this paper
we will explain more specifically the structuring of said bodies, their objectives and their
goals. However, it is important to emphasize that its main objective is the prevalence of
peace, although not many are in agreement with this since various criticisms arise
towards this organism, this is given by the difficulty for which some countries that are
submerged are passing. in the war and therefore its citizens are suffering countless
violations of their human rights.
LA ONU
FUNDACION
De acuerdo con esto , en la carta de las Naciones Unidas se establece que pueden
formar parte de este organismo todos los países que acepten sus obligaciones ( de
acuerdo a lo que el resto de las naciones esperan de ellos) y respeten la autoridad de la
ONU y las decisiones que allí se tomen en favor de la paz mundial.
SEDE
Sin embargo tambien posee otras sedes a nibel mundial, La sede europea (y
segunda sede mundial) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas se sitúa en Ginebra,
Suiza.
ESTRUCTURA
·8 Asamblea General
·9 Consejo de Seguridad
Cada uno de ellos se rige por un programa y cuenta con fondos para el desarrollo de
las actividades que le conciernen, los cuales provienen del pago que cada Estado
Miembro hace sobre las cuotas establecidas por el organismo.
ORGANOS
La Asamblea General
La Asamblea General es el órgano principal de la ONU. Está integrada por los 193
Estados miembros de las Naciones Unidas, cada uno de los cuales tiene un voto. Los
asuntos más importantes (por ejemplo, relacionadas con la paz y la seguridad, o con el
ingreso de nuevos miembros) se deciden por mayoría de dos tercios de votos, y todas
las demás, por mayoría simple. El presidente de la Asamblea se elige para cada período
de sesiones.
El Consejo de Seguridad
La Secretaría
La Corte Internacional de Justicia,con sede en La Haya (el único órgano cuya sede
no se encuentra en Nueva York), es el principal organismo judicial de la ONU,
establecido con el fin de resolver "las controversias jurídicas entre Estados". Sus quince
magistrados se eligen por la Asamblea General y el Consejo de Seguridad para
mandatos de nueve años.
PAISES MIEMBROS
Actualmente la ONU esta conformada por 193 paises miembros , los cuales son:
Afganistán,Albania,Alemania,Andorra,Angola,Antigua,Barbud,ArabiaSaudita,Argelia,Arg
entina,Armenia,Australia,Austria,Azerbaiyán,Bahama,Bangladés,Barbados,Baréin,Bélgi
ca,Belice,Benín,Bielorrusia,Birmania,Bolivia,Bosnia,Herzegovina,Botsuana,Brasil,Brunéi
,BulgariBurundi,Bután,CaboVerde,Camboya,Camerún,Canadá,Catar,Chad,Chile,China,
Rica,Croacia,Cuba
Eritrea,Eslovaquia,Eslovenia,España,EstadosUnidos,Estonia,Etiopía,FilipinasFinlandia,
Fiyi,Francia,Gabón,Gambia,Georgia,Ghana,Granada,Grecia,Guatemala,Guayana,Guine
a,Guineaecuatorial,GuineaBisai,Haití,Hondura,India,Irak,IránIndonesia,Irlanda,Islandia,I
slas-Marshall,IslasSalomón,Israel,Italia,Japón
Jordania,,Kazajistán,Kenia,Kirguistán,Kiribati,Kuwait,Laos,Lesoto,Letonia,Líbano,Liberia
,Libia,Liechtenstein,Lituania,Luxemburgo,Madagascar,Malasia,Malaui,Maldivas,Malí,Mal
ta,Marruecos,Mauricio,Mauritania,México,Micronesia,Moldavia,Mónaco,Mongolia,Monte
negro,Mozambique,Namibia,Nauru,Nepal,Nicaragua,Níger,Nigeria,Noruega,Nueva
Zelanda,Omán,Países-Bajos,Pakistán
Palaos,Panamá,Papúa Nueva-Guinea,Paraguay,Perú,Polonia,Portugal,Rusia,Reino
Unido,República,Centroafricana,República-Checa,RepúblicadeMacedonia,República del
Sur,Suecia,Suiza,Surinam,Tailandia,Tanzania,Tayikistán,Timor-Oriental
,
Túnez,TrinidadyTobago,Tonga,Turkmenistán,Turquía,Tuvalu,Ucrania,Ugana,Uruguay,Uz
bekistán,Vanuatu,Venezuela,Vietnam,Yemen,Yibuti,Zambia,Zimabue.
OBJETIVOS
·16 Promover el progreso de todos los países sin distinción, elevando la calidad de
vida de los más desfavorecidos.
FUNCIONES DE LA ONU
Según los principios reunidos en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, las funciones y
poderes que contiene el Consejo de Seguridad son las siguientes:
Derechos Humanos: El velar por los derechos humanos fue desde un inicio la
principal razón por la que se instituyó la ONU, por eso una de las funciones de esta
organización es promover el respeto universal a los derechos humanos y también a las
libertades fundamentales.
ENGLISH
UN
FOUNDATION
The UN was founded on October 24, 1945 in the US city of San Francisco after the
end of World War II through the signing of a document known as the Charter of the
United Nations, with the aim of addressing issues of global interest like peace, security,
economy and international justice. For this, it counted on the integration of 51 member
countries eager to preserve world peace and resolve international conflicts through
dialogue so that wars are not necessary. Thus becoming the organization that would
give a new twist to the international relationship in all its areas.
According to this, the United Nations Charter states that all countries that accept their
obligations (according to what the rest of the nations expect from them) and respect the
authority of the UN can be part of this organization. and the decisions that are made
there in favor of world peace.
HEADQUARTERS
The UN headquarters is located in New York. From its headquarters in New York, the
Member States of the United Nations and other related agencies deliberate and decide
on significant and administrative issues in periodic meetings held during the year. There,
the Member States and other related agencies decide jointly on everything that
envisages a threat to world peace.
However, it also has other world headquarters. The European headquarters (and
second world headquarters) of the United Nations Organization is located in Geneva,
Switzerland.
STRUCTURE
In particular, the United Nations is not a world government, nor do they establish
laws. It only provides the necessary means to find solutions to international conflicts and
to formulate policies on matters that directly affect each of the members that are part of
it, especially those that threaten world peace and harmony. . All Member States, large
and small, rich and poor, with different political views and social systems, have a voice
and vote in this process.
⦁ General Assembly
⦁ Security Council
⦁ General Secretariat
⦁ Trusteeship Council
Each of them is governed by a program and has funds for the development of the
activities that concern them, which come from the payment that each Member State
makes about the quotas established by the agency.
ORGANOS
The General Assembly is the main organ of the UN. It is made up of the 193 Member
States of the United Nations, each of which has one vote. The most important issues (for
example, related to peace and security, or with the entry of new members) are decided
by a two-thirds majority vote, and all others by simple majority. The president of the
Assembly is elected for each session.
It is the body responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security. It is
composed of 15 members: five permanent members with veto power (China, Russia,
USA, France and the United Kingdom) and ten non-permanent members, elected by the
General Assembly for two-year terms. The Council may convene meetings at any time
when the need arises. The Council Presidency rotates monthly.
The Secretary
The General Secretariat of the United Nations is the administrative body that has
around 41,000 officials around the world and provides services to other bodies. It is
responsible for all kinds of problems that the United Nations deals with. Its highest
representative is the Secretary General, appointed by the General Assembly on the
recommendation of the Security Council for a renewable period of five years.
It is a body created to supervise the administration of trust territories placed under the
regime of fiduciary administration, in order to promote the advancement of the
inhabitants and "the progressive development towards self-government or
independence" of these territories. By fulfilling its objective to such an extent that these
territories achieved self-government or independence (1994), the Council suspended its
activities and modified its regulations to hold meetings when necessary. It is made up of
the five permanent members of the Security Council: China, Russia, USA, France and
the United Kingdom.
The International Court of Justice, based in The Hague (the only body whose
headquarter is not located in New York), is the main judicial body of the UN, established
with the aim of resolving "legal disputes between States." Its fifteen judges are elected
by the General Assembly and the Security Council for nine-year terms.
MEMBER COUNTRIES
Jordania, Kazajistán, Kenia, Kirguistán, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Lesoto, Letonia, Líbano,
Liberia, Libia, Liechtenstein, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Madagascar, Malasia, Malaui,
Maldivas, Malí, Malta, Marruecos, Mauricio, Mauritania, México Micronesia, Moldavia,
Mónaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Nicaragua,
Níger, Nigeria, Noruega, Nueva Zelanda, Omán, Países-Bajos, Pakistán,Palaos,
Panamá, Papúa Nueva Guinea, Paraguay, Perú, Polonia, PortugalRusia
OBJECTIVES
⦁ Promote the progress of all countries without distinction, raising the quality of life of the
most disadvantaged.
FUNCTIONS OF THE UN
According to the principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations, the
functions and powers contained in the Security Council are the following:
Human Rights: Ensuring human rights was from the beginning the main reason why
the UN was established, that is why one of the functions of this organization is to
promote universal respect for human rights and also fundamental freedoms.
Arms control and disarmament: Its main objective is to enforce the prohibition of
nuclear tests and also chemical weapons, as well as not to promote nuclear weapons, to
create spaces free of nuclear weapons, which includes preventing, eliminating and
combating illegal arms trafficking small, and in this way the maintenance of universal
security.
CONCLUSION
Como ya se explicó en este trabajo, la ONU tiene una gran cantidad de metas y
objetivos pero todos con el mismo fin, mantener la paz o al menos hacer lo posible por
que así sea , como toda organización se podría decir la más importante y relevante del
mundo, tiene sus divisiones y subdivisiones cumpliendo a cabal cada una las diferentes
responsabilidades que se le adjuntan , también cuentan con el apoyo de cada uno de
los países miembros tanto en la toma de decisiones importante para la humanidad
como en el apoyo monetario que cada uno da para dicha organización. Sim embargo
hay que tomar en cuenta que en muchas ocasiones se le ha considerado una
organización ineficiente y a la vez partidista a pesar de tener tanto países miembros
esto se debe en un ejemplo de ello a la guerra que ha surgido en varios países
poniendo de ejemplo a siria y libia los cuales han sido afectado de diferente maneras
tanto en territorio como en población , la cual se ha visto obligada a emigrar siendo así
víctimas de muchas violaciones de derechos humanos por lo cual se dice que dicha
organización no ha cumplido su papel como debería ser . Es importante destacar que a
pesar de ser una organización con integrante a nivel mundial cada país es responsable
de sus actos y sus decisiones sin dejar a un lado que el hambre la guerra, la pobreza y
la desigualdad social son frutos primero que todo de la educación y los valores que se
den en cada pais y segundo de los manejos que el estado le da a las riquezas del
país , quiere decir, de la manera en que distribuyen dichas riquezas . Entendido esto, se
podría decir que uno de los papeles más fundamentales y relativamente cumplidos de la
ONU seria buscar soluciones beneficiosas para cualquier país que esté pasando por
algún problema económico político y social que afecte a la población en general en
especial a las más vulnerable, respetando todos los parámetro correspondientes ya
establecidos en dicha organización . es resumidas cuentas respetando la plena
autonomía de cada país.
CONCLUTION
As already explained in this paper, the UN has a large number of goals and objectives
but all with the same goal, to keep the peace or at least to do everything possible to
make it so, as any organization could be said the most important and relevant of the
world, it has its divisions and subdivisions, fully complying with the different
responsibilities that are attached to it; they also count on the support of each of the
member countries both in making important decisions for humanity and in the monetary
support that each one gives for said organization. However, it must be taken into
account that on many occasions it has been considered an inefficient and partisan
organization despite having both member countries this is due to an example of the war
that has emerged in several countries, setting an example to Syria and Libya which have
been affected in different ways in both territory and population, which has been forced to
emigrate, thus being the victim of many human rights violations, which is why said
organization has not fulfilled its role as it should be . It is important to note that despite
being an organization with a global membership, each country is responsible for its
actions and decisions without leaving aside that hunger, war, poverty and social
inequality are the first fruits of all education. and the values that are given in each
country and second of the management that the state gives to the riches of the country,
that is to say, of the way in which they distribute said riches. Understood this, one could
say that one of the most fundamental and relatively fulfilled roles of the UN would be to
seek beneficial solutions for any country that is going through some economic and
political social problem that affects the population in general, especially the most
vulnerable, respecting all the corresponding parameters already established in said
organization. It is summarized accounts respecting the full autonomy of each country.
REFERENCIAS
https://deconceptos.com/ciencias-sociales/onu
https://definicion.de/onu/
http://www.un.org/es/sections/about-un/main-organs/
https://www.saberespractico.com/cultura/que-paises-forman-la-onu/