l15A
Reinforced earth
See also: 932358, 932376, 932405, 932423
932338
Effect of reinforcement layout on soil strength
Arenicz, R M
Geotech Test J VI5, N2, June 1992, P158-165
A purpose-built large shear box has been used to investigate
strength of soil reinforced with metal strips. Effects of rein-
forcement layout (along or across the shear surface or spread
evenly in both directions), type (ribbed or smooth), and width
were examined. Layout is seen to be important to shear
strength enhancement, the evenly spaced design being most
effective. Practical implications of application of the results to
engineered reinforced earth structures are discussed.
932339
Margins of safety in polymeric soil reinforcement
Ingold, T S
Highways Transp V39, N7, July 1992, P39-43
The recently published draft code of practice for strength-
ened/reinforced soils and other fills (BS8006:1991) uses a par-
tial factor approach in contrast to the widely referred to DoT
Technical Memorandum BE3/78, Reinforced earth retaining
walls and bridge abutments for embankments, which uses a
maximum permissible stress and lumped factor of safety.
BS8006 also allows for design life less than 120 years and self-
certification of non-standard reinforcing materials. A mini-
mum value of partial material factor to be applied for plain
steel reinforcement is included, but no corresponding value for
polymeric reinforcement. Suggested values are presented and
calibrated against established values of partial factors of
safety.
Soil stabilisation
See also: 932388, 932429
93234O
Leach tests on lime-treated clays
McCallister, L D; Petry, T M
Geotech Test J V15, N2, June 1992, P106-114
Multiple leach-cell tests to study the changes in permeability
and calcium removal under continuous water leaching of lime
treated expansive clay are described. Specimens were prepared
at varying lime contents and compactiv¢ moisture contents
and subjected to accelerated leaching with permeability,
leachate pH, and leachate cation changes monitored. Lime
stabilisation dramatically increased permeability, maximum
permeability being achieved at lime modification optimum
(about 3% for this case). Permeability decreased on leaching
in all cases. Results are of interest for study of permanence of
stabilisation of lime-treated soils.
932341
Characteristics of two Indonesian tropical soils
Younger, J S; Widodo, P; Moeno, H U
Highways Transp V39, N2, Feb 1992, P26-30
Standard soil mechanics test methods are primarily based on
temperate soil investigations and may not be adequate for
soils derived by weathering in a tropical environment. The
characteristics of soft andosolic lakebed foundation soil and
overlying latosol materials used in an embankment in West
Java are described. A wide range of compaction characteristics
© 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
is possible for soils from a single borrow pit. A method specifi-
cation rather than an end use specification is suggested. Use of
the dynamic cone penetrometer to check the strength of upper
layers is also suggested.
932342
Compaction quality control in granular shell of earth dam.
Technical note
Kotzias, P C; Stamatopoulos, A C
J Geotech Engng Div ASCE Vl18, N8, Aug 1992, P1247-
1255
A method to supplement the current quality control procedure
for granular shells of earth dams, which requires determina-
tion of in situ density and comparison with maximum attained
laboratory value, is presented. It involves taking readings at
selected points of the settlements induced by each pass of the
vibratory roller. Each measurement provides an indirect esti-
mation of compaction attained immediately below the mea-
surement point and for the total thickness of the compacted
layer. Ad hoc field rules have been established in terms of
maximum and minimum settlement values.
932343
Construction and testing of deep foundation improvement
using deep cement mixing method
Babasaki, R; Suzuki, K; Saitoh, S; Suzuki, Y; Tokitoh, K
In: Deep Foundation Improvements: Design, Construction, and
Testing (papers to a Symposium presented at Las Vegas, 25
January 1990) P224-233. Publ Philadelphia: ASTM, 1991
(ASTM Special Technical Publication N1089)
Improvement by the deep mixing technique was selected for
the foundation of an office block on loose, alluvial, liquefac-
tion-prone sand (Shirasu) in Kagoshima City. A rectangular
grid of hardened soil to depth 12m was constructed. The grid
controls excess pore pressure generation during earthquakes
and reduces shear deformation within the soil mass. Concepts,
verification of the design by finite element analysis and centri-
fuge tests, laboratory mixing tests, and construction are
described.
932344
Bridge foundations on soft clay stabilised with lime columns
Bengtsson, P E; Carlsten, P; Trank, R
Proc lOth European Conference on Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering, Florence, 26-30 May 1991 V1, P303-
306. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1991
Lime column stabilisation of soft clay for roads is an accepted
technique in Sweden and has recently been applied to bridge
foundations. Design principles for prediction of bearing
capacity and settlement are presented. Two case histories with
soft organic and silty clays are described. Measured and pre-
dicted settlements are compared. The use of lime columns is
more economic than use of piles and allows greater flexibility
in design, with the same treatment being used for the bridge
and the access embankment.
932345
Effect of local soil improvement on the behavior of revetment
Kitazume, M; Terashi, M
Proc International Conference on Geoteclmical Engineering
for Coastal Development, GEO-COAST'91, Yokahama, 3-6
September 1991 P341-346. Publ Japan: Coastal Development
Institute of Technology, 1991
A case where port expansion is planned using an existing cais-
son on rubble mound breakwater as a revetment in a reclama-
tion project is described. Additional reinforcement to the
breakwater foundation is necessary to resist the large horizon-
tal forces generated by the reclamation filling. Centrifuge