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INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
NATURAL DISASTER
(EARTHQUAKE)
Table of Figure
Figure 1:Statistic of Indonesia earthquake...................................................................................................4
Figure 2: An area of the earthquake in Indonesia.........................................................................................4
Figure 3: Infographic of Japanese earthquake.............................................................................................7
Figure 4:Infographic of Japanese earthquake..............................................................................................8
Figure 5: Infographic of Indonesia 2018 earthquake...................................................................................9
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Introduction
Sustainable development problem is consisting of multiple topic such as natural disaster. Natural
disaster is an uncontrolled event that happen due to the processes of earth that may cause a loss
of life or property damage and this damage lead into economy breakout where the economy of
affected country may face with severe decline of growth.
An earthquake is one of the main natural disaster that happen throughout the world. This
disaster happens due to the release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates a seismic wave. This
phenomenon leads into a vibration, shaking and a displacement of earth surface. Earthquake also
mostly happen in the Ring of Fire area or also known as circum-Pacific belt. Ring of Fire consist
of 452 volcanos which is more than 75% of the world’s volcanos that is active or dormant.
The most recent earthquake is the one that strike in Indonesia, this disaster brings a lots
of hardship to the people that face the calamity. The earthquake effects the human being consist
of short and long term. For the short term impact the declining of people in the place that have
been strike by the disaster where many people caught in between the disaster that causing a death
toll of hundreds to thousands human life. The earthquake at 7.5 magnitude that strike Indonesia
in 2018 kill around 844 people, 113 missing person and around 5186 number of homes destroy
by this event. While in China in 2018, an earthquake of 7.9 magnitude causing tens of thousands
of deaths and hundreds thousands of people injured. This powerful earthquake causing many
people to be homeless and losing a place to work. The public services and building also got
destroy and making transportation of good and help harder to access. The earthquake also leads
into others natural disaster such as tsunami and landslide which cost death all around the world.
This can be feel by Malaysia when earthquake from Sumatra, Indonesia in 2006 lead into
tsunami wave that can be feel by people living in Pulau Penang where many building got destroy
by the tidal waves.
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Figure 1:Statistic of Indonesia earthquake
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The health awareness that growth when the earthquake strike is high. This is because
when the earthquake happens, those people that caught between it usually end up becoming a
death toll or badly injured. This mountain of corpse of dead people increase the chance for
massive infection to happen. After earthquake, the place is cut out from the outside place and
transferring of humanitarian aids will be halt. During the earthquake that strike Nepal, the death
toll is around 5000 and the injured is 10000 more. This sudden spike of those in need of
medication give rise to problem of medication shortage. As the world join hand to hand to help
the unlucky nation, this process takes time and an immediate action cannot be conducted. The
health concern of the world at rise when during the earthquake that strike Japan causing a
tsunami. This event is one of the worst effect of aftereffect earthquake in the modern time due to
it causing a nuclear meltdown in Fukushima Daichi. The government of Japan have evacuated
almost 100000 people living in the area due to the risk of exposed to nuclear and this meltdown
make the nuclear waste spill into the water and spreading out to the entire of the world mainly to
the United State of America. This nuclear waste bring harm to the population of the marine
animal and those that use the fish for eating and commercial usage. Thus it completely halts the
economy of Japan and those nations that located near the disaster area. The death toll of nuclear
radiation is over 1000.
As the earthquake change the landscape of the world, it also changes the culture. Japan
that have rich culture, after the earthquake that lead to nuclear meltdown. Fukushima Daichi that
is well known for their green mountain, hots spring and sweet summer peaches is destroy
because of this event. Unlivable area with the risk of nuclear radiation cause the people to
evacuate and seek refuges in others area thus ending the tradition and the culture associates
within the area. This also happen to the Nepal after the Katmandu earthquake, where the 8
UNESCO world heritage sites affected by the earthquake. This causing heritage site like
Dharahara Tower got massive damage from the earthquake. A restoration of the site is on the way
but it takes time for it to be completed.
The legalization of the nation that strike by the disaster also change. This can be seen by
Japan that wanting to stop all the nuclear reactor plant in the country after the massive backlash
of the nuclear wastage spill that is cause by the meltdown due to the aftereffect of earthquake,
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tsunami. This is considered a bold move and massive turnaround of legalization due to Japan use
nuclear plant to supply almost every electrical energy in the nation. This move will have needed
Japan to find an alternative solution for cleaner and more safe energy. For Italy, the new
legislation approving urgent measures to assist earthquake victims, Converting into Law, with
Amendments, Decree-Law No. 8 of February 9, 2017, Concerning New Urgent Measures
Benefitting the Population Hit by Earthquakes in the Years 2016 and 2017 (Law No. 45),
GAZZETTA UFFICIALE (G.U.) (Apr. 10, 2017), text of Decree-Law No. 8 (Feb. 9, 2017), G.U.
(Apr. 10, 2017), NORMATTIVA (enter “8” in “numero”; “9” in “giorno”; “2” in “mese”; and
“2017” in “anno” in search box). This legislation will provide assistance to earthquake victims
and giving aid for the restoration of damaged property. The legislation consists of reconstruction,
transparency, waste, education-related measure, economic and general recovery and lastly
humanitarian assistances. For the reconstruction, programs for the reconstruction of public
buildings, infrastructure, and other public areas necessary to ensure the continuity of public
services in localities affected by the earthquake of August 24, 2016, must include the restoration
of pathways in protected areas and cycling and pedestrian paths. Beside that for transparency, the
law mandates that all economic operators interested in participating in public reconstruction
project must register in a Registry specially created for the purpose before signing contract.
There are challenges when managing issue related to earthquake. First is that a
humanitarian aid cannot be given to the country that effected by the earthquake without the
approval of the government. Authority for the said nation need to give approval for any aid to
come to the country This lead into a problem where the aids cannot be given to the needed
people in time. Beside that is transportation to give the aid. This is crucial because after the
earthquake, most of the land vehicle unable to be use due to harsh road condition and some of
the place that have been strike by the earthquake located at rural area and also the debris from the
collapsing building make it worse. Others than that is after the earthquake, most of other nation
that want to give aid need time to collect the disaster’s donation and buying supply like medicine
and food takes time thus the nation that have been strike by earthquake need to be hold on before
aid arrive. Lastly is the challenge face to manage this issue is that the lack of countermeasure for
the earthquake. Without proper countermeasure like siren and shelter, the people of the nation
may face with surprise natural disaster and this may increase the death toll and people rioting for
basic human need when it happens.
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Figure 3: Infographic of Japanese earthquake
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Figure 4:Infographic of Japanese earthquake
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Figure 5: Infographic of Indonesia 2018 earthquake
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Suggestion and Solution
Earthquake normally happen in the nation located in The Ring of Fire which Malaysia
not in it. But, our neighboring nation like Indonesia always face earthquake disaster. Malaysia
during the Indonesia 2018 earthquake have sent a team to help with aid mission. This mission
was under Fire and Rescue Department. Malaysian NGO, MERCY Malaysia also help on the
humanitarian aid to Indonesia earthquake victim where they focus on supplying medicine, water,
sanitation and emergency shelters. The team under MERCY consist of doctors and medical
assistants that going to give help to severely injured and traumatized patients. Even during Haiti
earthquake, Malaysia also give a total funding of 100000$ to help those in need. Malaysia
usually give donation money to the nation that face the disaster.
The others nation also contributes the same toward the nation that face earthquake by
giving donation money or giving a medical team and basic human need. UNICEF USA provide
critical aid to victim and also responding to emergencies around the world. The recent aid that
they provided is during the earthquake in Mexico, Ecuador, Nepal, Haiti, Philippines and Japan.
They give immediate and long-term necessities such food, water, shelter, protection, health care
and psycho-social support when earthquake strikes. They also help reuniting children that is
separated from their family during the disaster and giving care for those that is orphan by the
tragedy.
There are challenges along the way when handling this earthquake issue, the challenge in
term of human being is that the people of the nation that have face the disaster itself. This happen
when the authority itself do not want to give access to the nation due to political agenda. This can
be seen when the nation that do not support Israel will not let Israeli to come to the nation even
though it for humanitarian aid. The authority that is corrupt also do not give the donation to the
people of the nation that in need. This happen during the Haiti earthquake where the authority
and someone in power use the money for their personal gains. When disaster strike, some of
unethical people use it to scam others by making a donation fund that look innocent from the
outside but when the fund is complete, they use the money for their self. This make others that
want to donate money afraid to give donation due to be caution and make the legit fund raiser
unable to achieve the target goals.
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Besides that, the challenge for the world is that the landscape of the world is hard to be
reconstructed back as it used to be. This happen when a lots of historical sites got destroy when
disaster strike such as earthquake. The fund to make restoration for the historical sites also
needed a lots of money and skill person. This is why some of the building or historical sites
consume a billion and precious time. But it also faces with unethical authority where the money
for the restoration is use for themselves.
Another than that is challenge in terms of health. As the medicine price becoming higher
and higher. When disaster strike, most of the donation from fundraise is use to obtain it. But due
to the large scale of the disaster, even with enough money they still unable to provide medicine
to all the injured victim. This is because of the shortage of medicine where many people demand
it at one time. The corpse of the dead people due to earthquake also pose a threat where the
disease easily to be spread out to the people. With unhygienic surrounding of the camp site, the
outbreak of disease can happen post disaster. Water supply also and issue because of the
earthquake make the ground water supply in shamble and the access of water from truck is hard
to be conducted due to the ground is full of debris which blocking the way. Without enough
water, the people will face with hypothermia.
Others than that, challenge in term of culture. This also happen when the people of the
native place of the disaster strike do not want to come back to the place after post disaster due to
trauma and sadness. Without the origin people from the place, the rich culture from the old folks
cannot be continue thus make it harder to preserve the tradition. Like in Japan after the disaster,
people unable to enjoy the culture of the place due to it inhabitable. To continue the culture may
pose health issue when the place is not safe for people to live with thus the culture and tradition
is lost forever.
Lastly is the challenge in term of costing. A humanitarian aid need a lots of money, thus a
fundraiser need to be done to collect it. This post a problem where the costing of the aids is a lots
and to collect the money to reach the target need to takes longer time. Even with outside money
for others nation, to transfer the money to the people in needed need a person that able to manage
the money without using it for their own gain. Due to different in currency of the world, the
changing of money in flux may make certain country currency get cheaper. This is because the
influx of outside money makes the money easy to gain.
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The activity that conducted by the Malaysia and also oversea will support the United
Nation Sustainable Development Goal. With the humanitarian aids, the people that face the
disaster can have food to eat even when post disaster. The zero hunger from the goal is able to be
achieve with the humanitarian effort and aid. The doctor and medical assistance that is sent by
the others nation also help ensuring the people safety and health is taken care of. With this a
healthy body and mind can be taken care thus following the goals of good health and well-being
in United Nation Sustainable Goals. The humanitarian aid also focusses on the sanitation and
clean water for the victim. The aids also are not given base on the gender of the people thus
following the gender equality. The nation that is strike with earthquake will be given the same
amount of help from others base on the severity of the disaster thus following the reduce
inequality in the UN goals.
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Potential un-ethical problems.
There is a potential unethical problem when managing the earthquake issue. One of it is that
taking credit on the work done by others. This happen when the praise of hard work others
people does that collect the fundraiser and help the victim in the disaster area is taken by others
for it. The unethical people taken credit of others hard work can be overcome by the government
of the nation to acknowledge the work of those that help.
Beside that the unethical problem is when people taken the money of fundraiser to be use
for personal gain. This person uses the public money that is given with a purpose to help those in
needed and use the money for himself. To tackle this problem, the organizer of the fundraiser
campaign need to have a good management team and if the collection achieves in a thousand of
ringgit, they need to told government for it so that the money can be supply and use for the
intended.
Others than that is giving the restoration contract in close tender. This is unethical
behavior where the authority pick among themselves the company that will initiated the
restoration process. With this, the authority can demand a bribery to give the contract to the said
contractor. To solve this kind of unethical behavior, government can issue a law that needed the
company that going to do the restoration to registered first before is given the task or contract.
This already done by Italy where to ensure no bribery and false work doing.
Another unethical problem that is face are when the medical team that have been sent to
the disaster area is not well prepare and have a general knowledge on medical scene. As
practitioner of medication, those people in consider unethical when coming in the name of
medical team but cannot perform any medical examination. This is a problem where the victim
in dire need to be treated and cure but no one able to provide it even with medical team. To solve
this problem, those volunteer that going to be sent as medical team need to have the certificate
that indicated the person is a legitimate doctor, medical assistance or nurse. This is to ensure that
those that have been sent able to the work as intended by our government or NGO.
Besides that, unethical problem is the right to know which mean that those contributing
on the help or even the victim of the tragedy knows about the current state of the problem and it
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situation. As those in power, they need to tell the overall story of the current state of the disaster.
This is to ensure that every victim can be treated and care plus for the others nation to ensure the
supply is sufficient to help in nation. Some nation deems silent when it faces unforeseen disaster
like the Japan earthquake that causing the nuclear meltdown. They try to keep on silent about the
effect of the meltdown from general knowledge but with the press of the people, they tell the
whole story about the current state of Fukushima Daichi nuclear plant condition. To tackle this
problem, the people in power should just give use the true situation of the disaster so that help
can be given at haste.
Lastly, unethical problem also props up when handling with media coverage. As the
media is the eyes and ears of the whole world, that news that cover by the media is the only
disaster that most nation will help. Even with severe earthquake disaster, without proper media
coverage the help from other nation hard to obtain. Thus is an ethical behavior for the media to
cover all over the world when it issues about disaster and not just by only covering their favorite
nation. This problem can be solving by giving the media the full freedom to find news and give
information without the hand at back holding them off.
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References
[1] Acton J.M. & Hibbs M, Why Fukushima was preventable, March 2012 Carnegie Paper.
INPO 11-005 Addendum, Aug 2012, Lessons learned from the Nuclear Accident at
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.
[2] http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-
plants/fukushima-accident.aspx
[3] Michael Fitzpatrick, October 09, 2011. “Japan: How a quake changed a culture”,
https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-10-09/japan-how-quake-changed-culture,
[4] Serva, L. (1994). The effects on the ground in the intensity scales, Terra Nova, 6, 414–
416
[5] Sarah Feldman, Oct 5, 2018 “Indonesian Earthquake By the Numbers”
https://www.statista.com/chart/15684/indonesian-earthquake-by-the-numbers/
[6] https://www.worldvision.org/disaster-relief-news-stories/2018-indonesia-earthquake-
facts
[7] Nicole Chavez and Mochammad Andri, CNN, September 30, 2018 “Indonesia
earthquake, tsunami death toll tops 400, hundreds more injured”
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/09/29/asia/indonesia-earthquake/index.html
[8] https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/indonesia-earthquake-tsunami-latest-updates-
181003060041729.html
[9] Danielle Demetriou, Tokyo, 19 Dec 2011 “Japan earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima
nuclear disaster: 2011 review”
[10]Polly Rider, 18 Oct 2016 “Cultural Losses In Nepal From The Kathmandu Earthquake”
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/nepal/articles/the-kathmandu-earthquake-cultural-losses-
in-nepal/
[11]http://theconversation.com/nepal-quake-the-challenges-facing-disaster-response-40869
[12]https://www.malaymail.com/s/1677778/ministry-ready-to-send-aid-for-earthquake-
victims-in-sulawesi-says-deputy-m
[13]https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/emergencies/earthquakes
[14]https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
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