Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 10

R

; :
;

H"(4 & 3/& 3"("


; % 5 $ ?% I$ % * 1<% = $ 4% + 5 $ 3
2 # $# % $ * # # +$ ,- # 7 " ;?. #
# % $ DDE # +$ ( %

+4&!/ 4',43 * (4(@ &/-./


* $ 5 $ ?% I$ % * 1<% = $ 4% + 5 $ 3
2 # $# % $ * # # +$ ,- # 7 " ;?. #
% 6 % $ E B#

F(+& (/'&**(/( 3 $43


; % 5 $ ?% I$ % * 1<% = $ 4% + 5 $ 3
2 # $# % $* # # +$ 7% # % 7 " ;?. #
$ $ E #

* 64$"$/'$ '4(G(A3 N(-$ 4$>$4$/-&( "3G4$ +&%$4"(" "&',(-&3/$" +&+!-'&-("


(6*&-(+(" $/ +&%$4"3" -3/'$?'3" +$ *( $+,-(-&./ $/ H?&-3# &" 3" S,$ 6$4 &'$/
(* +3-$/'$ +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-( $"'(G*$-$4 ,/( $'3+3*3)0( +$ (64$/+&@(A$
36,$"'( (* 3+$*3 '4(+&-&3/(* 5&/+&%&+,(* = -3 6$'&'&%38# (* &/'$)4(4 -3/'$/&+3"
(-'&',+&/(*$" S,$ & 6(-'$/ $/ *( -3/"$-,-&./ +$ (-'&',+$" 63"&'&%(" = %(*34$" (
'4(%H" +$ *( &/'$4&34&@(-&./ = (,'344$),*(-&./ +$ *3" &" 3"# $" +$-&4 *3 S,$ /3"3'43"
+$/3 &/( 3" $'( (?&3*3)0(1 3+3 $**3 G("(+3 $/ ,/( 6436,$"'( +$ (-'&%&+(+$"
>0"&-(" -3/ -(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ -336$4(-&./# S,$ 63"&G&*&'$/ *( -4$(-&./ +$ ( G&$/'$"
(4 ./&-3" $ &/-*,"&%3" +$ (64$/+&@(A$ (+$-,(+3" 6(4( >(%34$-$4 +$ (/$4(
("$4'&%( $* *$/),(A$ = -3 ,/&-(-&./ 34(*# ("0 -3 3 $* +$"(443**3 +$ N(G&*&+(+$" 643
"3-&(*$" -3 3 $* 4$"6$'3# '3*$4(/-&(# +$ 3-4(-&(# &),(*+(+# (=,+( ,',(#
"3*&+(4&+(+# $/'4$ 3'4("# 6(4( *3)4(4 $/ *(" "$"&3/$" +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-( ,/ +$"(443**3
&/'$)4(* $/ *3" (*, /3"# $A$4-&$/+3 ,/( 3%&*&@(-&./ +$ "(G$4$" +$ '&63 -3)/&'&%3#
-3 ,/&-('&%3# 6$4"3/(* = "3-&(* S,$ >(-&*&'$/ *( (+S,&"&-&./ +$ -3 6$'$/-&("
>,/+( $/'(*$" 6(4( &/'$)4(4"$ ( *( %&+( "3-&(*1

D -'&%&+(+$" 0"&-(" -3/ -(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ -336$4(-&./# $'(


(?&3*3)0(# (*34$"# 3 6$'$/-&(" +$ *$/),(A$ = -3 ,/&-(-&./# +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 &


! "# $ % #
1 R ; :R 1

6(4'&4 +$ *( 4$>34 ( -,44&-,*(4 $/ *( +,-(-&./ !"&-( $/ H?&-3# &/'$)4(+(


634 *3" /&%$*$" +$ $+,-(-&./ 64$$"-3*(4# 64& (4&( = "$-,/+(4&(# *( -,(* N(
3+&>&-(+3 "," *(/$" = 43)4( (" $/'4$ *3" (I3" +$ # M# = #
'$/&$/+3 -3 3 3GA$'&%3 64&/-&6(* <$*$%(4 *( -(*&+(+ +$ *( $+,-(-&./ 6(4( S,$ *3"
$"',+&(/'$" $A34$/ ", /&%$* +$ *3)43 $+,-('&%3# -,$/'$/ -3/ $+&3" 6(4( '$/$4
(--$"3 ( ,/ (=34 G&$/$"'(4 = -3/'4&G,=(/ (* +$"(443**3 /(-&3/(*B 5 # 7# 61 81
$ (-,$4+3 ( *3 (/'$4&34# -(G$ $/-&3/(4 S,$ *3" *(/$" = 43)4( (" %&)$/'$" $/ $*
&"'$ ( +,-('&%3 $?&-(/3 $/ *( +,-(-&./ !"&-(# $"6$-0>&-( $/'$ $/
+,-(-&./ 0"&-( -3/>34 $ ( *3 $"'(G*$-&+3 $/ *( $>34 ( /'$)4(* +$ +,-(-&./
!"&-( $/ H?&-3 5 8# $* (64$/+&@(A$ +$ *3" (*, /3" $"'! 34)(/&@(+3
634D -3 6$'$/-&("# (64$/+&@(A$" $"6$4(+3" = -3/'$/&+3"# &" 3" S,$ "$ 6*(/'$(/
(*-(/@(4 $/ *(" "$"&3/$" +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1

" +$ ", ( & 634'(/-&( (-*(4(4 S,$ *(" -3 6$'$/-&(" 6(4( -(+( /&%$*
$+,-('&%3 $/ *( +,-(-&./ !"&-( "3/ +&>$4$/'$"# 634 $/+$ 6(4( 64$"$/'(4 ,/
6(/34( ( !" -3/-4$'3 +$ H"'(" -3 6$'$/-&(" S,$ $* $+,-(+34 >0"&-3 +$G$ +$
&/-&+&4 +$/'43 +$ ", (-',(4 +3-$/'$ $/ 64$$"-3*(4# 64& (4&( 3 "$-,/+(4&( "$
64$"$/'(/ ( -3/'&/,(-&./D

$ " '* 7 # . B & G6& 84'' >


& G6& 84''"> ! & 6 G6& 84'' >
&%$* $+,-('&%3 3 6$'$/-&(" ( >(%34$-$4
4$$"-3*(4 334+&/(-&./# >,$4@( = $S,&*&G4&3D
• (/'&$/$ $* -3/'43* +$ 3%& &$/'3" S,$ & 6*&-(/ >,$4@(#
%$*3-&+(+ = >*$?&G&*&+(+ $/ A,$)3" = (-'&%&+(+$" +$
$A$4-&-&3 >0"&-31
• '&*&@( 3GA$'3" $ &/"'4, $/'3" +$ '4(G(A3 S,$ *$ 6$4 &'$/
4$"3*%$4 643G*$ (" = 4$(*&@(4 (-'&%&+(+$" +&%$4"("1
43 3-&./ +$ *( "(*,+D
• 4!-'&-( $+&+(" G!"&-(" 64$%$/'&%(" = +$ "$),4&+(+
6(4( 64$"$4%(4 ", "(*,+# ("0 -3 3 6(4( $%&'(4
(--&+$/'$" = 4&$")3" $/ *( $"-,$*( = >,$4( +$ $**(1
• $-3/3-$ "&',(-&3/$" S,$ $/ *( >( &*&( 3 $/ 3'43
-3/'$?'3 *$ 643%3-(/ ()4(+3# G&$/$"'(4# '$ 34#
+$"-3/>&(/@( 3 &/'4(/S,&*&+(+ = $?64$"( *3 S,$ "&$/'$1
4& (4&( • (/&>$"'(-&./ )*3G(* +$ *( -34634$&+(+1
• ?64$"&./ = +$"(443**3 +$ *(" N(G&*&+(+$" = +$"'4$@("
3'4&-$"
• 3/'43* +$ *( 3'4&-&+(+ 6(4( $* +$"(443**3 +$ *( (--&./
-4$('&%(
$-,/+(4&( • /'$)4(-&./ +$ *( 34634$&+(+
• ?64$"&./ = 4$(*&@(-&./ +$ +$"$ 6$I3" 3'4&-$"
"$/-&**3" = -3 6*$A3"
• 3 &/&3 = -3/'43* +$ *( 3'4&-&+(+ 6(4( 6*(/'$(4 =
"3*,-&3/(4 643G*$ ("

4
La Educación Básica en México está comprendida por tres niveles educativos: educación preescolar (de 3 a 5 años),
educación primaria (de 6 a 11años) y la educación secundaria (de 12 a 15 años) aproximadamente.

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 &&


! "# $ % #
(G$ "$I(*(4 S,$ $* $+,-(+34 >0"&-3 $" S,&H/ +$G$ +$ "$*$--&3/(4 =
$"'(G*$-$4 ,/( 4$*(-&./ -344$-'( $/'4$ *(" -3 6$'$/-&("# (64$/+&@(A$" $"6$4(+3" =
-3/'$/&+3" +$* /&%$* $+,-('&%3 $/ $* S,$ "$ +$"$ 6$I$ 6(4( 63+$4 34)(/&@(4 =
(6*&-(4 ,/( $'3+3*3)0( G("(+( $/ *( 6$+()3)0( +$ *( -336$4(-&./ S,$ /3"3'43"
64363/$ 3"1 " /$-$"(4&3 ( ", %$@ S,$ '$/)( -3/3-& &$/'3 "3G4$ *3" $*$ $/'3"
S,$ -(4(-'$4&@(/ $* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3# $/-&3/(+3" $/ < * (64$/+&@(A$
-336$4('&%3 $/ $* (,*(B +$ 3N/"3/# 3N/"3/ = F3*,G$- 5 C8# "&$/+3 $"'3"D
H&/'$4+$6$/+$/-&( 63"&'&%(# &/'$4(--&./ -(4( ( -(4( $"'& ,*(+34(# 4$"63/"(G&*&+(+
&/+&%&+,(* = )4,6(*# $%(*,(-&./ )4,6(* = 'H-/&-(" &/'$46$4"3/(*$" = +$ $S,&63B

"0 &" 3# S,&$/$" 64$'$/+(/ 34)(/&@(4# +&"$I(4 3 63/$4 $/ 64!-'&-( *(


$'3+3*3)0( +$* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3# +$G$/ '3 (4 $/ -,$/'( S,$ $?&"'$/ +3"
$/>3S,$" +$ $/"$I(/@( S,$ -3/'4("'(/ ( H"'$1 $*(-&3/(+3" ( *( $"'4,-',4( +$
$'( +$ $,'"-N 5 8# -&'(+3 634 $*!@S,$@ 5 8# N(G*( 3" +$* '4(G(A3
&/+&%&+,(*&"'(# S,$ 63+40( 3" &+$/'&>&-(4*3 -,(/+3 ,/( 6$4"3/( (*-(/@( ", 3GA$'&%3
= H"'$ /3 &/>*,=$ 6(4( S,$ *(" +$ !" 6,$+(/# 3 /3# (*-(/@(4 *3" ",=3"# $" +$-&4 *(
&/'$4+$6$/+$/-&( $/'4$ "," &/'$)4(/'$" $" /$,'4(# 634 3'4( 6(4'$ '( G&H/
$/-3/'4( 3" $* -3 6$'&'&%3 S,$ *3 63+$ 3" +$>&/&4 -,(/+3 ,/( 6$4"3/( (*-(/@( ",
3GA$'&%3# 3'4( , 3'4(" /3 6,$+$/ N(-$4*3# "&',(-&./ S,$ 6*(/'$( *( $?&"'$/-&( +$ ,/
)(/(+34 = ,/3 3 %(4&3" 6$4+$+34$"# *3 S,$ & 6(-'(4! +$ '(* >34 ( S,$ *(
&/'$4+$6$/+$/-&( +$ $'( $/'4$ "," &/'$)4(/'$" "$( /$)('&%( 3 -3/'4(4&(+(1

$G&+3 ( *( $?&"'$/-&( +$ $"'3" $"'&*3" +$ $/"$I(/@( '4(+&-&3/(*$" S,$ "3/


>4$-,$/'$ $/'$ ,'&*&@(+3" 634 *3" +3-$/'$"# "$ *& &'( *( 63"&G&*&+(+ +$ ('$/+$4 ( *(
+&%$4"&+(+ S,$ 64$"$/'(/ *3" )4,63" $"-3*(4$"# =( S,$ $/ ,-N(" 3-("&3/$" "$
G,"-( *( -3/"$-,-&./ +$ ,/( /3'( 3 +$ ,/ ("6$-'3 $4( $/'$ -,(/'&'('&%3#
34&)&/(/+3 64!-'&-(" S,$ $?-*,=$/ ( *3" $/3" N(G&*&+3"3" 3 (S,$**3" S,$ 634 ","
-(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ (/+(/ 3'4(" >34 (" +$ 34)(/&@(4 $* (64$/+&@(A$# 6$43 "&),&$/+3
$"'( &+$(# J-,!/+3 "$ +( 64&34&+(+ ( *3" -3/'$/&+3" (-'&',+&/(*$" 3 ("6$-'3"
-,(*&'('&%3" $/ *( "$"&./ +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(K1 "'$ -,$"'&3/( &$/'3 6$4 &'$
$/-&3/(4 +$"+$ /,$"'4( 6$4"6$-'&%( S,$ *( $A34 >34 ( +$ *3)4(4 ,/ +$"(443**3
&/'$)4(* $/ *3" (*, /3" $" ( '4(%H" +$ *( 34)(/&@(-&./ +$* (64$/+&@(A$ +$ >34 (
-336$4('&%( $/ *(" "$"&3/$" +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(# =( S,$ ("6$-'3" -3 3 *(
&/-*,"&./# *(" N(G&*&+(+$" -3)/&'&%("# -3 ,/&-('&%(" = "3-&(*$" 64$"$/'(/ ,/( $A34(
/3'(G*$# 6,$" $* (64$/+&@(A$ "$ +( $/'4$ (*, /3 ($"'43 3 G&$/ "$ 4$'43(*& $/'(
$/'4$ &),(*$" $" +$-&4 $/'4$ *3" 6436&3" (*, /3"1

$ " 8$ $
G'=3=>
3 6$'&'&%( 336$4('&%( /+&%&+,(*

/'$4+$6$/+$/-&( +$ $)('&%( 3 3/'4(4&(+( 3"&'&%( $,'4(


$'("

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 &


! "# $ % #
1 2
; 1

/ $* (I3 $/ H?&-3 "$ *3)4( &/-34634(4 $/ *3" 43)4( (" +$ +,-(-&./


0"&-( *(" (-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -336$4('&%("# A,$)3" -336$4('&%3" = ("6$-'3"
34&$/'(+3" ( $"'4,-',4(4 *(" "$"&3/$" +$ >34 ( -336$4('&%(1 " ( 6(4'&4 +$* '$?'3 < ("
(-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -336$4('&%("# ,/( 6436,$"'( 6(4( *( >34 (-&./ $/ %(*34$" (
'4(%H" +$ *( $+,-(-&./ >0"&-( $/ *(" $"-,$*(" +$ +,-(-&./ !"&-(B +$ (4*3"
$*!@S,$@ (**(+3# S,$ "$ +( &/&-&3 ( ,/( 6436,$"'( $/>3-(+( 64& 34+&(* $/'$ (
*( 643 3-&./ +$ %(*34$" 6(4( *( 6(@ ( '4(%H" +$ *( & 6*$ $/'(-&./ +$ (-'&%&+(+$"
-3/ $"'(" -(4(-'$40"'&-(" $/ *(" "$"&3/$" +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 " ("0 S,$ $/ *3"
T*'& 3" L (I3" (*),/3" -3/)4$"3" $"6$-&(*&@(+3" $/ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(# &/"'&',-&3/$"
$+,-('&%(" = N("'( )4,63" +$ &/%$"'&)(-&./ N(/ *3)4(+3 (643?& (4 *( 6436,$"'( $
&/-34634(4*( $/ $* -,440-,*3 >34 (*# "&/ $ G(4)3 $/ H?&-3 N(-$ >(*'( '4(G(A(4 !"
$/ $**3 =( S,$ $* -3/>,"&3/&" 3 '$4 &/3*.)&-3 = -3/-$6',(* "3/ $*$ $/'3" S,$ /3
N(/ 6$4 &'&+3 -3/-4$'(4 *( (6*&-(-&./ +$ *( $'3+3*3)0( = -*(43 $"'! $/ +$"(443**(4
&/%$"'&)(-&3/$" S,$ 6$4 &'(/ $%&+$/-&(4 -3/ -*(4&+(+ *3 S,$ "$ $"'! 4$(*&@(/+3 $/
*(" $"-,$*(" +$ +,-(-&./ !"&-(1 /( $?6$4&$/-&( -3/-4$'( $/ H?&-3 $" *(
(634'(-&./ +$ 34$/&( F$4/!/+$@ = ;"-(4 (/,$* (+$43 $/ 7 ( '4(%H" +$ *(
6,G*&-(-&./ < * (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3 -3 3 $'3+3*3)0( +$ '4(G(A3 $/
+,-(-&./ >0"&-(B 4$(*&@(+3 $/ $* "'(+3 +$ 3/34( +3/+$ 4$(*&@(/ (634'(-&3/$"
6(4( & 6*$ $/'(4 (-'&%&+(+$" -336$4('&%(" $/ *( "$"&./ +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(# "&$/+3
,/ 4$>$4$/'$ S,$ 6,$+$ 34&$/'(4 *(" 64!-'&-(" +3-$/'$"1

3"3'43" N$ 3" '4(G(A(+3 *( 6436,$"'( +$ $*!@S,$@ (**(+3 $/ +&>$4$/'$"


-3/'$?'3" +$ *( +,-(-&./ !"&-( +,4(/'$ *3" T*'& 3" L (I3" = $" $/ $"'$ 3 $/'3
S,$ 64363/$ 3" ,/( "$4&$ +$ (-'&%&+(+$" S,$ "$ (643?& (/ ( *(" (-'&%&+(+$"
>0"&-(" -336$4('&%(" S,$ 64363/$ $*!@S,$@# +$/3 &/(+(" (-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -3/
-(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ -336$4(-&./1 "'3 -3 3 4$",*'(+3 +$ ,/( "$4&$ +$ 64,$G(" $/ $*
+&"$I3 +$ (-'&%&+(+$" S,$ -3/'$ 6*(4(/ ,/( $"'4,-',4( -336$4('&%( = S,$ >,$4(
,-N3 !" %&(G*$ *( 643 3-&./ +$ %(*34$" ( '4(%H" +$ *( (,'344$),*(-&./ $
&/'$4&34&@(-&./ +$ (-'&',+$" 63"&'&%(" +,4(/'$ *( "$"&./ +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(#
6$4 &'&H/+3/3" -4$(4 ( G&$/'$" +$ (64$/+&@(A$ !" &/-*,=$/'$" $/ +3/+$ *3"
(*, /3" '( G&H/ (64$/+&$4(/ $/'4$ $**3" &" 3"1 34 '(* 3'&%3 $" & 634'(/'$
(-*(4(4 *(" (-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -336$4('&%(" +$ $*!@S,$@ 5 8 = *(" (-'&%&+(+$"
>0"&-(" -3/ -(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ -336$4(-&./ +$ & 3/&# (/'&**(/( = (44&**3 5 8#
-3/ *( &+$( +$ N(-$4 ,/( (634'(-&./ ( *( 6$+()3)0( +$ *( -336$4(-&./ = ( *(
64!-'&-( +3-$/'$ +$* &"'$ ( +,-('&%3 $?&-(/3 $/ *( "$"&./ +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1

(" (-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -336$4('&%(" "3/D <(-'&%&+(+$" -3*$-'&%(" /3


-3 6$'&'&%(" $/ *(" S,$ /3 $?&"'$ 363"&-&./ $/'4$ *(" (--&3/$" +$ *3" 6(4'&-&6(/'$"
"&/3 S,$ '3+3" G,"-(/ ,/ 3GA$'&%3 -3 T/# -3/ &/+$6$/+$/-&( +$ S,$ +$"$ 6(I$/
$* &" 3 6(6$* 3 6(6$*$" -3 6*$ $/'(4&3"B 5 $*!@S,$@ # 61 L8# 634 '(/'3
&+$/'&>&-( 3" S,$ "3/ (-'&%&+(+$" $/ +3/+$ /3 $?&"'$ *( -3 6$'&-&./ = 634 $*
-3/'4(4&3 *( $'( $" -3 T/ = "$ -3 6(4'$ $/'4$ '3+3" *3" &/'$)4(/'$"1 34 3'4( 6(4'$
*(" (-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -3/ -(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ -336$4(-&./ /3"3'43" *(" &+$/'&>&-( 3"
-3 3 ,/ 643-$"3 &/'43+,-'34&3 $/ $* -,(* $* (*, /(+3 '&$/+$ ( +$"(443**(4 *("
"&),&$/'$" -(4(-'$40"'&-("D &/'$4(--&./ 643 3'34( -(4( ( -(4(# &/'$4+$6$/+$/-&(
"& ,*'(/$( 63"&'&%( = +$"(443**3 +$ N(G&*&+(+$" 643 "3-&(*$"# '$/&$/+3 ("0 $* ,"3
&/+&"'&/'3 $/ $"'( >("$ +$* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3 +$D A,$)3" -336$4('&%3"#
(-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -336$4('&%(" = 4$'3" >0"&-3 -336$4('&%3"1 3/ $"'( (-3'(-&./

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 &


! "# $ % #
4$(*&@( 3" ,/( (634'(-&./ ( *( 6$+()3)0( +$ *( -336$4(-&./ $/ *( "$"&./ +$
+,-(-&./ 0"&-(# (* "$I(*(4 S,$ $/ *( $'(6( +$ & 6*$ $/'(-&./ +$* (64$/+&@(A$
-3/ $"'4,-',4( -336$4('&%( $"'( "$ 6,$+$ +(4 +$ >34 ( >*$?&G*$1

$ " - !
*
-'&%&+(+$" 3*$-'&%(" (4(-'$40"'&-("
-'&%&+(+$" 4,6(*$" & $?&"'$ -3 6('&G&*&+(+ +$ $'(1
-'&%&+(+$" /3 -3 6$'&'&%(" 3 $?&"'$/ )(/(+34$" /& 6$4+$+34$"1
-'&%&+(+$" 336$4('&%(" 3 $?&"'$ 363"&-&./ $/'4$ *(" (--&3/$" +$ *3"
6(4'&-&6(/'$"1
-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -3/ " $* ,"3 &/+&"'&/'3 +$* -3/A,/'3 +$
-(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ -336$4(-&./ (-'&%&+(+$" '(*$" -3 3D A,$)3" -336$4('&%3"#
(-'&%&+(+$" >0"&-(" -336$4('&%(" = 4$'3" >0"&-3
-336$4('&%3" S,$ "$ (6*&-(/ +,4(/'$ ,/
643-$"3 &/'43+,-'34&3 $/ $* -,(* *3" (*, /3"
'&$/+$ ( +$"(443**(4 *(" "&),&$/'$"
-(4(-'$40"'&-("D &/'$4(--&./ 643 3'34( -(4( (
-(4(# &/'$4+$6$/+$/-&( "& ,*'(/$( 63"&'&%( =
+$"(443**3 +$ N(G&*&+(+$" 643 "3-&(*$"1

E1 R 1

* -3/-$6'3 +$ $'( (?&3*3)0(# $" ,/( 6436,$"'( S,$ ",4)$ $/ $* +3-, $/'3
6,G*&-(+3 634 *( $%&"'( G$43( $4&-(/( 6(4( *( /%$"'&)(-&./ = $* $"(443**3
+,-('&%3 5 8 /T $43 # '&',*(+3 < 43 3-&./ +$ %(*34$"D ,/( $'3+3*3)0( +$
$"'&*3 (-'&',+&/(* ( '4(%H" +$* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3 $/ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(B# +3/+$
*3" (,'34$" $/-&3/(/ S,$ 6(4( *( -3/"$-,-&./ +$ *( $'( (?&3*3)0( $" /$-$"(4&3
&/'$)4(4 $* $"'&*3 (-'&',+&/(* S,$ "$I(*( 5 H4$@# G8 = $* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3
5 3N/"3/# 3N/"3/ = F3*,G$- X [()(/# X $*!@S,$@# 8# 6(4( <*(
&/'$4&34&@(-&./ = (,'344$),*(-&./ +$ %(*34$" $/ G,"-( +$ *( "(/( -3/%&%$/-&( = *(
$A34( +$* *$/),(A$ = *( -3 ,/&-(-&./ 34(* +$/'43 = >,$4( +$* -3/'$?'3 $"-3*(4 +$
*3" $"',+&(/'$"B 5 & 3/&# * (4(@# 0(@ = (%(# # 61C81

$ &),(* 3+3 /3"3'43" $"'(G*$-$ 3" S,$ "$4! /$-$"(4&3 '3 (4 $/ -,$/'(
S,$ *3" (*, /3" ( *3 *(4)3 +$ *( (+(6'(-&./ ( *( $"'4,-',4(-&./ +$* 643-$"3 +$
$/"$I(/@( (64$/+&@(A$ $+&(/'$ $* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3# +$G$4!/ &+$/'&>&-(4
%(*34$"# 6(4( +$"6,H" 63/$4*3" $/ 64!-'&-( $/ +&>$4$/'$" 3 $/'3" = -3/'$?'3" $/
*3" -,!*$" "$ +$"$ 6$I$/# 634 '(* 3'&%3# "$ %$4!/ >(%34$-&+(" *(" N(G&*&+(+$"
&/'$46$4"3/(*$" +$ *3" $"-3*(4$"# *3 S,$ 63"&G&*&'(4! *( &+$/'&>&-(-&./ +$ (-'&',+$"
63"&'&%(" 3 /$)('&%(" +$/'43 +$ ", $+&3 $"-3*(4 = "3-&(*# *3)4(/+3 >(%34$-$4 $/
T*'& ( &/"'(/-&( *( &/'$4&34&@(-&./ = (,'344$),*(-&./ +$ (-'&',+$" S,$ & 6(-'$/ $/ *(
64!-'&-( '(/'3 &/+&%&+,(* -3 3 -3*$-'&%( +$ +&>$4$/'$" %(*34$" S,$ *$" 6$4 &'(/
-3/%&%&4 "(/( $/'$1

F(G*(4 +$ $'( (?&3*3)0( $" )$/$4(4 ,/ 643-$"3 +$ 4$>*$?&./ = (/!*&"&" "3G4$


$* (-',(4 +&(4&3 +$ *3" $+,-(+34$" >0"&-3" S,$ +$"$$/ 34&$/'(4 ", 64!-'&-( +3-$/'$
$/ *( $+,-(-&./ $/ %(*34$" 5 $*!@S,$@# 8# $" +$-&4# +(4 (=34 4$*$%(/-&( ( *3"
-3/'$/&+3" +$ '&63 (-'&',+&/(* 6(4( -3 6*$ $/'(4 *( >34 (-&./ +$ *3" (*, /3" $/

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 &C


! "# $ % #
*(" $"-,$*(" +$ +,-(-&./ !"&-(1 3+3 $"'3 "$4! 63"&G*$ (* 4$(*&@(4 6*(/&>&-(-&3/$"
= 6*(/$" +$ '4(G(A3 S,$ &/'$)4$/ ,/ 643=$-'3 $+,-('&%3 -3/ $"'4,-',4( -336$4('&%(
&/'$)4(/+3 $* $"'&*3 (-'&',+&/(* S,$ *3 +$>&/$ 5 H4$@# (8 -3 3 *( (+(6'(-&./ +$
*( $/"$I(/@( (* $+&3 $/ $* S,$ "$ +$"$/%,$*%$ $* /&I3# 3GA$'&%3" = -3/'$/&+3"
$/>4$/'(+3" ( *( 4$(*&+(+ +$ *( +,-(-&./ !"&-(# >34 (/+3 ,/ 3+$*3 +$
(64$/+&@(A$ "3-&3-,*',4(* 5 3G./# 8# S,$ (/'$63/)( ( *3" $"',+&(/'$" = ","
(-'&',+$" (* 3 $/'3 -3/-4$'3 +$* 643-$"3 +$ (64$/+&@(A$ $/'4$ *3" (*, /3" = $*
($"'43X $/ +3/+$ $* (*, /3 (64$/+( +$* ($"'43# 3 G&$/# $/'4$ $**3" &" 3"# 6(4(
-, 6*&4 *(" &/'$/-&3/$" 6$+().)&-(" +$ *(" +&>$4$/'$" "$"&3/$" (6*&-(+(" ( *3"
$"',+&(/'$"# *3)4(/+3 ("0 (64$/+&@(A$" "&)/&>&-('&%3" = ,/( -3/"'4,--&./ 6$4 (/$/'$
+$ *( $'( (?&3*3)0( +$"+$ *3 &/+&%&+,(* N("'( *3 -3*$-'&%31

34 '(* 3'&%3 "$ +$G$ -3*3-(4 ( *3" /&I3" = (+3*$"-$/'$" $/ $* -$/'43 +$ *(


(--&./ $+,-('&%(# ,'&*&@(/+3 *(" (-'&%&+(+$" *T+&-(" -3 3 64&/-&6(* N$44( &$/'(
6$+().)&-( 5 # 8# +$G&+3 ( S,$D

$* A,$)3 G4&/+( ,/( ( 6*&( )( ( +$ 63"&G&*&+(+$" +$ (64$/+&@(A$#


643634-&3/( 36-&3/$" 6(4( *( $/"$I(/@( +$ %(*34$" 54$"6$'3# (-$6'(-&./#
"3*&+(4&+(+ = -336$4(-&./8 -3 3 ,/ %0/-,*3 >,/+( $/'(* -3/ $* 3'43# 6(4(
$/>4$/'(4 +$"(>03"# -3/3-$4"$ $A34# +$"(443**(4 ", -34634$&+(+# $?64$"(4"$ =
-3 ,/&-(4"$ -3/ *3" +$ !"# &+$/'&>&-(4 *(" *& &'(/'$" = *3" (*-(/-$" +$ ",
-3 6$'$/-&( 3'4&@ (* 4$-3/3-$4 "," 63"&G&*&+(+$" +$ -3 64$/"&./ =
$A$-,-&./ +$ *3" 3%& &$/'3" 6*(/'$(+3" 634 ", +&/! &-( = $"'4,-',4(1 561
L78

& G&$/ "$ -3/'$ 6*( +$/'43 +$* 643-$"3 +$ +$"(443**3 +$ *( $'( (?&3*3)0(
$* ,"3 +$ *( $"'4('$)&( +&+!-'&-( +$ *3" A,$)3" -336$4('&%3"# $" 6$4'&/$/'$ N(-$4 *(
+&"'&/-&./ $/'4$ H"'$ ("6$-'3 = $* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3# +$G&+3 ( S,$ $* 64& $43
$" ,/( (-'&%&+(+ *T+&-(# $/ *( -,(* $* /&I3 6,$+$ $4( $/'$ +&">4,'(4 = "$/'&4 6*(-$4
(* 4$(*&@(4*(# *3 S,$ & 6(-'(4! +$ '(* >34 ( S,$ 6,$+$ 64$"$/'(4"$ *( -3/"$-,-&./
+$ ,/ (64$/+&@(A$ 3 /3 = $/ "$),/+3 'H4 &/3 $* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3 $" ,/(
$'3+3*3)0( +3/+$ *(" (-'&%&+(+$" ( 4$(*&@(4 /3 64$"$/'(/ -3 6$'&-&./# *3 -,(*
6$4 &'&4! *( (+S,&"&-&./ +$ -3/3-& &$/'3" $" +$-&4# +$G$ $?&"'&4 /$-$"(4&( $/'$ $*
(64$/+&@(A$ +$ '3+3" = -(+( ,/3 +$ *3" &/'$)4(/'$" +$* )4,63# ("0 -3 3 $*
>34'(*$-& &$/'3 +$ N(G&*&+(+$" 643 "3-&(*$"1

"'3 "$4! 63"&G*$ )4(-&(" ( *( -4$(-&./ +$ -3/'$?'3" +$ "(/( -3/%&%$/-&( =


(4 3/0( $/'4$ &),(*$"# +3/+$ $* (*, /3 /3 "3*3 6,$+( (64$/+$4 +$ *3"
-3/3-& &$/'3" S,$ 34)(/&@( $* +3-$/'$# 634 $* -3/'4(4&3 "$ +$G$ 34)(/&@(4 $*
(64$/+&@(A$ +$ *3" (*, /3" $/'4$ &),(*$" 5(*, /3 (*, /38# "&$/+3 S,$ *(
4$'43(*& $/'(-&./ 634 $/+$ "$ 6,$+( +(4 -3/ (=34 >4$-,$/-&( -3/
-,$"'&3/( &$/'3"# (634'(-&3/$" 3 ",)$4$/-&(" +&4&)&+(" 634 *3" $"',+&(/'$" (*
643>$"34# 6(4( *(" +&>$4$/'$" (-'&%&+(+$" 6436&(" +$ *( "$"&./ +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-( 3
G&$/ $/ *( 4$"3*,-&./ +$ ,/ 643G*$ ( -3 T/1

3" (,'34$" & 3/& $' (*1 5 81 * 4$"6$-'3# "$I(*(/ *3 "&),&$/'$D

/+$6$/+&$/'$ $/'$ +$ -,(*S,&$4 (-'&%&+(+ S,$ "$ 4$(*&-$ +$/'43 +$ *(


"$"&./ +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(# **$%( (* (*, /3 ( -3/%&%&4 +$ (/$4( 63"&'&%( 3
/3# 6$43 *3 S,$ N3= $/ +0( "$ G,"-( $" )$/$4(4 = >34'(*$-$4 ("6$-'3" 63"&'&%3"
( /&%$* (>$-'&%3 $ 3-&3/(* -3)/&'&%3# 3'4&@# = "3-&(*# *3 S,$ 6$4 &'$

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 &D


! "# $ % #
-3/'$?',(*&@(4 S,$ *( "$"&./ -3/ ,/( $"'4,-',4( -336$4('&%(# G,"-( -3/"$),&4
S,$ *3" (*, /3" "$(/ -(6(-$" +$ $"'(G*$-$4 ,/( 4$"63/"(G&*&+(+ '(/'3 $/ *3
&/+&%&+,(* -3 3 $/ *3 )4,6(*# (* 4$"3*%$4 (-'&%&+(+$" $/ -3/A,/'3 -3 3
-3*$-'&%3# "&/ & 634'(4 $* )4(+3 +$ N(G&*&+(+ 3 +$"'4$@( 3'34( S,$ 6,$+(/
64$"$/'(4 *3" &/'$)4(/'$"1 561 E8

( &/>34 (-&./ (/'$4&34 /3" 6$4 &'&4! $/'$/+$4 -3/ (=34 -*(4&+(+ =
$?(-'&',+ S,$ $* -3/-$6'3 +$ $'( (?&3*3)0( 64$'$/+$ *( &/'$4&34&@(-&./ =
(,'344$),*(-&./ +$ %(*34$" = (-'&',+$" ( '4(%H" +$ *(" "$"&3/$" +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(
-3/ ,/( $"'4,-',4( -336$4('&%(# &/'$)4(/+3 $* $"'&*3 (-'&',+&/(* 6(4( *( -3/"$-,-&./
= -4$(-&./ +$ ( G&$/'$" +$ (64$/+&@(A$ (4 ./&-3" = >(%34(G*$" 6(4( $* +$"(443**3
&/'$)4(* +$ *3" $"',+&(/'$"1

1 ;
; 1

* 643-$"3 6(4( *3)4(4 ,/ -( G&3 "&)/&>&-('&%3 $/ *3" $"-3*(4$" +$ +,-(-&./


!"&-( "$ +( +$ >34 ( 6(,*('&/(# +$G&+3 (* '4(G(A3 '4(+&-&3/(*&"'( (* S,$ $"'!/ *3"
$"',+&(/'$" (-3"', G4(+3" (64$/+$41 &-N3 $"'3# (* -( G&(4 *( $"'4,-',4( +$ *(
"$"&./ +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-( +$ ,/ $/>3S,$ -3 6$'&'&%3 $ &/+&%&+,(*&"'( ( ,/3
-336$4('&%3# $" &/+,+(G*$ S,$ *3" ( G&$/'$" +$ (64$/+&@(A$ '&$/$/ ,/ -( G&3
4(+&-(*# =( S,$ "$ ('&$/+$ ( *( +&%$4"&+(+ +$ *3" (*, /3" $/ (-'&%&+(+$" +$ '&63
&/-*,"&%("# $A34(/+3 "," N(G&*&+(+$" "3-&(*$"# ("0 -3 3 *( &/'$4&34&@(-&./ =
(,'344$),*(-&./ +$ %(*34$"# *3" -,!*$" "3/ ("6$-'3" S,$ "$ %$/ >(%34$-&+3" (* **$%(4
( *( 64!-'&-( $* (64$/+&@(A$ G("(+3 $/ *( -336$4(-&./1

*3 *(4)3 +$ '3+(" = -(+( ,/( +$ *(" (-'&%&+(+$" S,$ "$ **$%(43/ ( -(G3 $/
*3" +&>$4$/'$" /&%$*$" +$ +,-(-&./ !"&-(# $* & 6(-'3 S,$ H"'(" ',%&$43/ "&/ *,)(4 (
+,+( >,$ 63"&'&%3# *3 S,$ 6$4 &'$ -3443G34(4 *( %&(G&*&+(+ +$ S,$ $" 63"&G*$ *3)4(4 *(
$'( (?&3*3)0( $/ +&>$4$/'$" -3/'$?'3" 4$(*$" +$ '4(G(A31 F(G*( 3" 6,$"# +$ *(
-4$(-&./ +$ ( G&$/'$" +$ (64$/+&@(A$ >(%34(G*$" 6(4( *3" $+,-(/+3" ( '4(%H" +$
*( 64!-'&-( -3/"'(/'$ +$ %(*34$" ( '4(%H" +$ (-'&',+$" 64&/-&6(* $/'$ 63"&'&%("# +$
*( &/'$)4(-&./ -3/ (=34 H/>("&" +$ *3" -3/'$/&+3" (-'&',+&/(*$" ( *3" -3/-$6',(*$"
= 643-$+& $/'(*$" 5 H4$@# G8# ('$/+&$/+3 *( +&%$4"&+(+ -3)/&'&%(# 3'4&@ =
"3-&3 (>$-'&%( S,$ 64$"$/'(/ *3" /&I3" ( "," +&>$4$/'$" $+(+$"# $A34(/+3 ",
%$4G(*&@(-&./ $/'4$ &),(*$" (* 4$"6$'(4 *(" &+$(" =O3 6436,$"'(" +$ "," -3 6(I$43"
6(4( *( -3/"$-,-&./ +$ ,/( $'( -3 T/# (*),/3" $A$ 6*3" +$ *(" (-'&%&+(+$"
>0"&-(" -3/ -(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ -336$4(-&./ S,$ "$ (6*&-(43/ $/ *3" +&>$4$/'$"
-3/'$?'3" +$ *( +,-(-&./ !"&-( $/ H?&-3 >,$43/D

-'&%&+(+$" $"-4&6-&./
3/"'4,& 3" +(+ 4$-3 $/+(+(D $ ( 7 (I3"1
&),4("
"6(-&3D /'$4&34 3 $?'$4&34# *&"3 = *&G4$ +$ -,(*S,&$4 3G"'!-,*31
('$4&(*$"D (*&'3" +$ (+$4( +$ L - 1# +$ *(4)3 R - 1# +$ (/-N3#
+$ -3*34$"1 ( G&H/ "$ 6,$+$/ ,'&*&@(4 6363'$" +$ 6*!"'&-31
,)(+34$"D 0/& 3 M A,)(+34$" = !?& 3 1
$"-4&6-&./D $ +&"63/$ (* )4,63 34)(/&@(+3 $/ $S,&63" +$
&/'$)4(/'$"# ( -(+( $S,&63 "$ *$ ("&)/( ,/ $"6(-&3 +$ '4(G(A3 =

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 &F


! "# $ % #
(643?& (+( $/'$ M 6(*&'3" +$ -3*34$" 3 M 6363'$"# "& "$ '&$/$ ,/
)4,63 $/ $* -,(* *3" /&I3" '&$/$/ $/'4$ = L (I3" "$ *$" $/'4$)( ,/(
& ()$/ +$ *( >&),4( S,$ +$G$/ -3/"'4,&4# +$ "$4 63"&G*$ $/ $"'("
$+(+$" "$ 63+40( +&G,A(4 $/ $* 6&"3 -3/ ,/ )&" *( >&),4(1 & '&$/$/ $/'4$
M = 7 (I3" "$ *$" $/'4$)( +$ >34 ( $"-4&'( *(" &/+&-(-&3/$" +$ *3 S,$
+$G$4!/ -3/"'4,&41 $ '4('( +$ S,$ -(+( $S,&63 -3/"'4,=( *( >&),4(
S,$ *$ >,H ("&)/(+( -3/ $* ('$4&(* -344$"63/+&$/'$1

( &/+&(-( +(+ 4$-3 $/+(+(D &I3" (=34$" +$ (I3"1


"6(-&3D ?'$4&34# *&"3 = *&G4$ +$ -,(*S,&$4 3G"'!-,*31
('$4&(*$"D /+&(-(" (643?& (+( $/'$1
,)(+34$"D 0/& 3 A,)(+34$" = !?& 3 1
$"-4&6-&./D $ 34)(/&@( (* )4,63 $S,&63" &/'$)4(/'$" = "$ *$"
$/'4$)( ,/( &/+&(-(# *( (-'&%&+(+ -3/"&"'$ $/ )3*6$(4 -3/ *(" (/3"
*( &/+&(-( = H"'( "$ (/'$/)( $* (=34 /T $43 +$ )3*6$" $/ $* (&4$#
"$ 6,$+$ 3'34)(4 ,/ /T $43 +$'$4 &/(+3 +$ &/'$/'3"# 634 $A$ 6*3D
'4$" &/'$/'3" 6(4( 4$(*&@(4 $* (=34 /T $43 +$ )3*6$" -3/ *( &/+&(-(#
-,(/+3 ()3'$/ "," '4$" &/'$/'3"# $/ $S,&63 +$G$4!/ 4$634'(4 -,(* >,H
$* (=34 /, $43 +$ )3*6$" S,$ *3)4(43/1 $"6,H" +$ $"'( (-'&%&+(+
"$ &/%&'( ( S,$ +3" $S,&63" "$ >,"&3/$/ 6(4( S,$ $* /T $43 +$
&/'$)4(/'$" 634 $S,&63" "$( +$ +$ # 63"'$4&34 $/'$ +$ C# *,$)3 +$ M#
= ("0 ",-$"&%( $/'$ N("'( *3)4(4 S,$ '3+3 $* )4,63 '$/)( "3*( $/'$
,/( &/+&(-( = *3)4$/ $* (=34 /T $43 +$ )3*6$" 63"&G*$"1

"'(',(" +(+ 4$-3 $/+(+(D 6(4'&4 +$ (I3"1


336$4('&%("
"6(-&3D /'$4&34 3 $?'$4&34# *&"3 = *&G4$ +$ -,(*S,&$4 3G"'!-,*31
('$4&(*$"D 3*-N3/$'(" 5 6-&3/(*8# -3 3 $+&+(" +$ "$),4&+(+ 634
"& $?&"'$/ "&',(-&3/$" $/ *( S,$ *3" /&I3" -(4),$/ ( 3'43" -3 6(I$43"
$/ *( (-'&%&+(+1
$-,4"3D 4(G(+34(1
,)(+34$"D !?& 3 A,)(+34$"1
$"-4&6-&./D $ +&"63/$ ( '3+3" *3" &/'$)4(/'$" +$* )4,63 +$ >34 (
&/+&%&+,(*# "$ *$" &/+&-( S,$ -,(/+3 $"-,-N$/ *( T"&-( '$/+4!/ S,$
+$"6*(@(4"$ 634 $* !4$( +$ '4(G(A3 +$ >34 ( &/+&%&+,(*# -,(/+3 *(
T"&-( 6(4$# '$/+4!/ S,$ G,"-(4 ( 3'43 -3 6(I$43 = >34 (4!/ -3/ ",
6436&3 -,$463 ,/( $"'(',( +$ *( >&),4( S,$ +$"$$/ 3 (-,$4+$/ $/'4$
( G3"# 63"'$4&34 ( $"'( (--&./# /,$%( $/'$ "$ N(4! "3/(4 *( T"&-(#
(N34( "$ +$"6*(@(4!/ +$ +&>$4$/'$ >34 ( $/ 4$*(-&./ ( *( 64& $4( %$@#
6$43 (N34( $/ 6(4$A("# "&$ 64$ ,/&+3" 634 (*),/( 6(4'$ +$ ", -,$463#
-,(/+3 *( T"&-( 6(4$# G,"-(4!/ ( 3'4( 6(4$A( -3/ S,&$/ +$"$$/
'4(G(A(4 = $/ $"$ 3 $/'3 "$4!/ ,/ $S,&63 +$ &/'$)4(/'$" S,$
>34 (4!/ 3'4( $"'(',( +&"'&/'( ( *( (/'$4&34# "$ -3/'&/,( *( (-'&%&+(+
&/-4$ $/'(/+3 $* /T $43 +$ &/'$)4(/'$" ( C# 4$(*&@(/+3 *3 &" 3
$/'4$ M /&I3"# $* >&/(* +$ *( (-'&%&+(+ $" -,(/+3 '3+3" *3" &/'$)4(/'$"
+$* )4,63 "3/ ,/ ".*3 $S,&63 = >34 (/ ,/( $"'(',( -3*$-'&%(1

4+$/(/+3 *3" +(+ 4$-3 $/+(+(D $ ( M (I3"1


3*34$"
"6(-&3D /'$4&34 3 $?'$4&34# *&G4$ +$ 3G"'!-,*3"1
('$4&(*$"D -(A(" +$ -3*34$" 5%$4+$# 43A(# ( (4&**( = (@,*8# '(4A$'("
5L %$4+$"# L 43A("# L ( (4&**(" = L (@,*$"8# -,$4+(" 3 -3 G(" 5L
%$4+$"# L 43A("# L ( (4&**(" = L (@,*$"8# 6(I,$*3" 5L %$4+$"# L 43A3"# L
( (4&**3" = L (@,*$"8 = 6$*3'(" +$ $"63/A( 5L %$4+$"# L 43A("# L

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 &


! "# $ % #
( (4&**(" = L (@,*$"8# = (43"1
,)(+34$"D !?& 3 A,)(+34$"1
$"-4&6-&./D 3" A,)(+34$" "$ ()4,6(/ $/ 6(4$A("# "$ *$" $/'4$)( ,/
(43 = "$ -3*3-(4!/ +$/'43 +$* (43 $"6(*+( -3/ $"6(*+(# $/ -(+( ,/(
+$ *(" $"S,&/(" +$* !4$( +$ '4(G(A3 "$ -3*3-( ,/( -(A( +$ -3*34
%$4+$# 43A(# ( (4&**( = (@,*# "$ +&"'4&G,=$/ 634 '3+( $* !4$( +$ '4(G(A3
*(" '(4A$'(" +$ -3*34$"# *(" -,$4+("# *3" 6(I,$*3" = *(" 6$*3'("X *(
(-'&%&+(+ -3/"&"'$/ $/ S,$ '3+(" *(" 6(4$A(" "&/ "(*&4"$ +$* (43 =
"&$ 64$ +$ $"6(*+(" +$G$4!/ -3*3-(4 '3+3" *3" 3GA$'3" +$ -3*34
%$4+$ $/ *( -(A( %$4+$# *3" +$ -3*34 43A3 $/ *( -(A( 43A(# *3" +$ -3*34
( (4&**3 $/ *( -(A( ( (4&**( = *3" +$ -3*34 (@,* $/ *( -(A( (@,*# N("'(
S,$ /3 S,$+$ ,/ "3*3 3GA$'3 $/ $* ",$*31

&/ (4(4 +(+ 4$-3 $/+(+(D $ C (I3" $/ (+$*(/'$1


"6(-&3D /'$4&34 3 $?'$4&34# *&G4$ +$ 3G"'!-,*3" = "$ ,'&*&@( ,/( 6(4$+
+$ ,/( (*',4( /3 $/34 ( $'43"1
('$4&(*$"D (/'(" 6$*3'(" +$ %&/&* +$* e # -3 3 /T $43 +$ $S,&63"1
,)(+34$"D 0/& 3 A,)(+34$"1
$"-4&6-&./D $ +&"63/$ +$* )4,63 34)(/&@(+3 $/ G&/("# -(+( ,/(
63"$$ ,/( 6$*3'( +$ %&/&* +$* e # 34)(/&@(+3" $/ >&*( &/+&(# $* 64& $4
A,)(+34 *(/@( *( 6$*3'( +$ %&/&* N(-&( *( 6(4$+ +(/+3 ,/ )3*6$ -3/ *(
6(* ( +$ *( (/3# *( 6$*3'( 6,$+$ +(4 ,/ G3'$ (/'$" +$ S,$ $*
"$),/+3 A,)(+34 6,$+( )3*6$(4*( /,$%( $/'$ N(-&( *( 6(4$+# *(
&+$( $" S,$ *3" &/'$)4(/'$" +$* $S,&63 4$(*&-$/ *( &" ( '(4$( '(/'("
%$-$" -3 3 "$( 63"&G*$1 ( (-'&%&+(+ -3/-*,=$ $/ -,(*S,&$4( +$ *3"
"&),&$/'$" -("3"D (8 -,(/+3 *( 6$*3'( +$ G3'$" -3/'&/,3"# G8 -,(/+3
,/ &" 3 A,)(+34 )3*6$$ *( 6$*3'( +3" %$-$"# -8 -,(/+3 (*)T/
A,)(+34 )3*6$$ *( 6$*3'( -3/ *( (/3 $ 6,I(+(1 & ",-$+$ (*),/(
+$ $"'(" (*'$4(-&3/$" $* A,$)3 &/&-&( /,$%( $/'$# -3/ $* A,)(+34 $/
S,$ 6$4+&. *( "$-,$/-&(# +$ $"'( (/$4( "$ )(4(/'&@( *( 6(4'&-&6(-&./
+$ '3+3" *3" &/'$)4(/'$"# +$"6,H" +$ ,/ +$'$4 &/(+3 /T $43 +$
64!-'&-(" 3 &/,'3" +$ A,$)3 "$ &/%&'( ( *(" G&/(" ( &/'$)4(4 $S,&63"
+$ # 63"'$4&34 $/'$ +$ C# *,$)3 +$ M = N("'( **$)(4 ( ,/ $S,&63
)4,6(* &/'$/'(4!/ $* (=34 /T $43 +$ '(/'3" $/'4$ '3+3 $* )4,63 "&/
S,$ &/'$44, 6( $* A,$)3 (* >&/(*&@(4 *( (-'&%&+(+ $* $S,&63 4$634'(4! $*
(=34 /T $43 +$ )3*6$" -3/"$),&+3"1

L1 1

(/$4( +$ -&$44$ 63+40( 3" -3 $/'(4 S,$ $* +&"$I3 $ & 6*$ $/'(-&./ +$
,/( "$4&$ +$ (-'&%&+(+$" -3/ -(4(-'$40"'&-(" +$ -336$4(-&./ N(/ & 6(-'(+3 $/
)4(/ $+&+( $/ 4$*(-&./ (* +$"(443**3 +$ %(*34$" (* 63/$4 $/ (4-N( ,/( 6436,$"'(
-$/'4(+( $/ $* (*, /3 ( '4(%H" +$ *( &/'$4&34&@(-&./ = (,'344$),*(-&./ +$ (-'&',+$"
63"&'&%(" '(/'3 &/+&%&+,(*$" -3 3 -3*$-'&%("# "&',(-&./ S,$ N( 6$4 &'&+3 634 ,/(
6(4'$ *( "(/( -3/%&%$/-&(# *( 4$"3*,-&./ +$ -3/>*&-'3"# ,/ -(,'$*3"3 643-$"3 +$
&/-*,"&./ S,$ ('&$/+$ ( *(" +&>$4$/'$" -(4(-'$40"'&-(" = /$-$"&+(+$" +$ *3" /&I3" =
(+3*$"-$/'$"1 634 3'4( *( -4$(-&./ +$ ( G&$/'$" >(%34(G*$" +$ (64$/+&@(A$ S,$
-3/"'&',=$/ ,/( 3634',/&+(+ 6(4( *3)4(4 *( (,'3/3 0( $/ $* (64$/+&@(A$ S,$ '(/'3
+$"$( 3" = G,"-( 3" $/ *3" (*, /3" (* $"'4,-',4(4 $* (64$/+&@(A$ +$ >34 (
-336$4('&%( $/ *( +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1


! "# $ % #
M1 1

F$4/!/+$@# 1 = (+$43# 15 78 &


" & , 1 F$4 3"&**3D $/'43 +$ "',+&3" +,-('&%3" = &/+&-(*$"#
_"$--&./ L 1

3N/"3/# 1 b1 = 3N/"3/# 1 1 Y F3*,G$-# 1 1 5 81 &


1 ,$/3" &4$"D (&+." +,-(+341

[()(/# 1 5 81 7 ) * (/ *$ $/'$D $"3,4-$" >34 $(-N$4"# /-1

H4$@ ,$=3# 15 (8 " !


! 1 "6(I(D 1

H4$@ ,$=3# 1 5 G81 & * ? "


* $./D 1

15 781 43)4( ( $-'34&(* +$ +,-(-&./ 7 1 H?&-3D

5 (81 43)4( ( +$ "',+&3" 1 ,0( 6(4( *( +,-(+34(1 +,-(-&./ !"&-(


4$$"-3*(41 H?&-3D

#5 G81 43)4( ( +$ "',+&3" 4& (4&(# 2,&/'3 I31 H?&-3D 1

# 5 -81 43)4( ( +$ "',+&3" 1 ,0( 6(4( $* ($"'431 +,-(-&./ !"&-(


$-,/+(4&(1 +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1 H?&-3D

& 3/&# 1# * (4(@# 1# 0(@# # = (%(# # 5 81 43 3-&./ +$ %(*34$"D ,/(


$'3+3*3)0( +$ $"'&*3 (-'&',+&/(* ( '4(%H" +$* (64$/+&@(A$ -336$4('&%3 $/
$+,-(-&./ >0"&-(1 + %" % !
& 1 31 1

& 3/&# 1# (44&**3# 1 = (/'&**(/(# F1 5 81 "


E * / 1 2
$*!@S,$@# 1 3+40),$@# & H/$@# 1 = $ 4(+3 F1 5 334+"181 @%%
7 % * &**(/,$%( +$ *( $4$/(
5 (+(A3@81 (* L +$ ,*&31 (**(+3*&+D ( $3/@(1

3G./# 1 5 81 < 43=$-'3" 34 ('&%3"D $'3+3*3)0( 6(4( $* +$"(443**3 = $%(*,(-&./


+$ -3 6$'$/-&("B1 H?&-3D 33\ (4'1

$*!@S,$@# 1 5 81 ) * ?
:
" 1 H?&-3D 1

$*!@S,$@# 1 5 81 ) & , 1 (),/(


+$ ,$43D ( $3/@(1

$-N( +$ 4$-$6-&./D O LO
$-N( +$ (-$6'(-&./D CO MO

!" # $%&"'( &)&'(* +$ +,-(-&./ 0"&-(1


! "# $ % #

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi