CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

We can feel the rapid increas the technology development today,

consciously or unconsciously, the development of communication technology
affects most people's lives, especially the people of this era, known as the
information society. Each innovation was created to provide positive benefits for
every human life. Provide a lot of convenience, as well as a new way to human
activity. Specialized in the field of technology many people already menikati
below by harnessing the innovations that have been produced. Mobile is one of
the technological developments.

With today's sophisticated technology, functionphone not only as a means

of regular communication, but also can be used to access the Internet, SMS, take
pictures, and send data to each other. The development of mobile products to date
have shown a rapid increase. It can be seen from the increasing number of mobile
phone models with different brands that have sprung up in the domestic market
today.

Mobile is one of the technological developments. With the sophistication

of today's technology, the mobile phone function not only as a means of regular
communication, but humans can also access the Internet, SMS, take pictures and
send data to each other. The impact of handpone probably not aware at all. In
addition to ease in communicating a positive impact that humans get, there are
also negative impacts that humans get as a result of using a mobile phone or a cell
phone is.
 B. Formulation of the problem

1. What is mobile phone?

2. History of the mobile phone?

3. How does the development of mobile phones?

4. How is the development of mobile phones in Indonesia?

5. What type of mobile phone?

6. What are the advantages of a mobile phone?

7. What are the negative effects of mobile phone usage?

C. Objectives

The purpose of this paper is to fulfill the coursework of the concept of

technology on the development of mobile phone technology, which discusses
what is mobile phone, the history and also the advantages and the negative impact
of the use of mobile phones.
 CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

A. Mobile / Cell Phones (Mobile)

Mobile or also referred to is an electronic telecommunications device that

has the same basic capability with conventional fixed-line telephone, but can be
taken anywhere (portable, mobile) and does not need to be connected to the
telephone network using a wired (wireless; wireless). Currently, Indonesia has
two wireless telephone networks, namely GSM (Global System for Mobile
Telecommunications) system and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). The
governing body of the Indonesian cellular telecommunications is the Indonesian
Cellular Telecommunications Association (ATSI). Also varied service providers
(providers) networks such as CDMA with Flexi, Fren, Esia and GSM networks
such as Telkomsel, Three, Indosat, XL.

B. History of Mobilephone

Cell phone or better known as mobilephone (HP), believed to have existed

in the colonial era, which is roughly 1947 in the United States and Europe. In
1910 was the forerunner of the mobile phone that was discovered by Lars Magnus
Ericsson, who founded the company now known as the Ericsson company Sony
Ericsson. At first, the company founded the Swedish Ericsson with a focus on the
fields of telegraph equipment business with companies that are not large scale at
that time. In 1921, for the first time the police department Detroit Michigan using
cellular phone installed in all the police car by using a frequency of 2 MHz. In
1960, in Finland a company called Fennis Cable Works were originally doing
business in the field of cable, expanding by establishing an electronic company
named Nokia as a mobile phone handset. In the 1970s the rapid development of
mobile phones to be dominated by large companies such as Nokia and Motorola.

After 1970, the mobile telecommunications are increasingly being talked

about. Motorola introduces mobile phone three years later. The size is quite large
with a short antenna, but it is also a cell phone the size of a suitcase. Dr. Cooper,
who became the project manager of Motorola's innovations put the base station in
New York. Motorola for the project in collaboration with Bell Labs. This
invention is claimed as the invention of the first mobile phone. One morning
precisely April 3, 1973, Cooper, who was serving as general manager at the
Communication Systems division of Motorola demonstrates a strange way of
communicating from a portable telephone terminal. He tried to use a cell phone
while walking in various locations in New York. At that time, the first time the
mobile phone is displayed and used in public. In the show, Cooper used a mobile
phone weighing 800 grams or ten times more than the average mobile phone
currently available.

C. Development of Mobile Technology

Mobile technology into use in 1970 beginning with the use of

microprocessors for communications technology and in 1971, the first mobile
phone network opened in Finland called ARP. Following later NMT in
Scandinavia in 1981 and AMPS in 1983. The use of analog technology in the first
generation causes many limitations such as small traffic capacity, the number of
subscribers which can be accommodated in a little cell, and wasteful use of the
frequency spectrum. On the other hand, the increasing number of customers are
not able to be accommodated by the first generation. In addition, this technology
can only serve 1G voice communications, unlike 2G can be used for SMS. NMT
or Nordic Mobile Telephone is an analog mobile phone network first used
internationally in Northern Europe. This network operates at a frequency of 450
MHz, so often called NMT-450, there are also NMT-900 operating at 900 MHz.

Given the market demand and the need for better quality, then create a
second-generation technology, or 2G. This generation has been using digital
technology. Other 2G technology is IS-95 CDMA, IS136 TDMA and PDC. The
second generation is also used for voice communication, also for SMS and data
transfer with a maximum speed of 9600 bps (bits per second). For comparison, the
widely used modem for Internet connection speed of 56,000 bps (5.6 kbps).
Excess 2G than 1G besides a better service, in terms of capacity is also greater.
Due to the 2G, a single frequency can be used several mechanisms of customers
using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). Standard 2G technology the most
widely used today are GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), as used
most of today's mobile phones. GSM operates at a frequency of 900, 1800 and
1900 MHz. GSM also supports data communication speed of 14.4 kbps. In 1993,
there have been 36 GSM networks in 22 countries. GSM uniqueness compared to
the first generation is the SMS service. SMS or Short Message Service is a two-
way service for sending short messages of 160 characters. GSM networks are
currently used has entered phase 2. As the successor of 2G, 2.5 G the generation
created a better version of the second generation. 2.5 G's generation has the ability
to transfer data more quickly. Well-known technology of this generation is the
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution).

After generations of this 2.5G, mobile communications trend began to

shift to the next generation which is predicted to be a promising technology of
mobile communications. 3rd generation or 3G is the latest technology in the
mobile world. This generation is better known as UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System) or WCDMA (Wideband - Coded Division Multiple
Access). The advantages of this latest generation lies in data transfer speed
reaches 384 kbps outdoors and 2 Mbps for indoor applications. In addition, this
generation can provide multimedia services such as Internet, video streaming, and
others better. This third-generation CDMA technology that originally came from
the United States military technology and dedicated to the IS-95 standard. CDMA
technology to make the capacity of a cell becomes larger than the GSM system for
the CDMA system, each communication call has a specific code that allows
customers to use the same radio resources without the interference and cross talk.
Radio source in this case is the frequency and time slots are provided for each
cell. CDMA-based wireless communication system first used in 1995 and until
now, CDMA is the main rival of the GSM system in many countries. The main
advantages owned by the third generation is fast data transfer capability or having
a high bit rate. The high bit rate possessed caused many CDMA operators can
provide various multimedia applications better and more varied, and the main
attraction for customers. In the long term, CDMA and other technologies such as
GSM will be compared based on the total cost per customer of the network
infrastructure and the price of the phone. With 3G, cheap and quality
communication becomes the dream of the entire mobile phone users.

D. Generasi Handphone

Generasi 0-G

This period is the next generation mobile phone 0 or 0-G,

where mobile phones were introduced. After removing the SCR536 This tool
weighs about 35 pounds and can work effectively within the operating range of 10
to 20 miles. Cellular telephone systems 0-G still using a VHF radio system to
connect the phone directly to PSTN landline.

Generasi 1-G

1G generation of first-generation mobile phone which is

called 1G. 1-G is the first real mobile phone. In 1973, Martin
Cooper of Motorola Corp. found the first mobile phone and
the mobile phone introduced to the public on April 3, 1973.
The cell phones were discovered by Cooper weighs 30 ounces or about 800
grams. The technology used 1-G still analog and known as AMPS. AMPS using a
frequency between 894 MHz and 825 Mhz- operated at 800 MHz Band. Because
it is analog, then the system used is still regional. One drawback generation 1-G is
because the size is too large to be held by hand. This is because the large size and
the energy needs of poor battery performance. Moreover generation 1-G still has
problems with mobility users. When placing a call, the user mobility is limited to
coverage area of a mobile phone.
 Generasi 2-G

The second-generation or second-G appeared in about the

1990s. 2G in the United States are already using CDMA
technology, while Europe uses GSM technology. GSM uses a standard frequency
of 900 Mhz and 1800 Mhz frequency. With these frequencies, GSM has a larger
capacity of subscribers. In the generation 2G analog signal has been replaced with
a digital signal. The use of digital signal equip mobile phones with voice mail, call
waiting, and SMS. Generation mobile phone also has a smaller size and lighter
due to the use of digital chip technology. The smaller size also due to the need for
a smaller battery power. The advantages of generation 2G
is the size and weight of the smaller and lower radio signal,
thus reducing the harmful effects of radiation.

Generasi 3-G

generation 3G This generation is also called 3G enables network operators to give

their users a wider range, including the Internet as well as video call tech high.In
the There are 3 standard for 3G telecom world, namely Enhance datarates for
GSM Evolution (EDGE), Wideband-CDMA and CDMA 2000 3G generation
downside of this is that relater higher costs, and the lack of network coverage
because it is still new technology.

4th generation (4G)

This generation is also called Fourth Generation (4G). 4G is a mobile

phone system that offers a new approach and of infrastructure solutions that
integrate wireless technologies that already exist, including wireless broadband
(WiBro), 802.16e, CDMA, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, dlll. 4G system is based on
the heterogeneity of the IP network that allows users to use multiple systems
anytime and anywhere. 4G also gives its users high speed, high volume, good
quality, global reach, and flexibility to explore a variety of different technologies
separately. Lastly, 4G gives fast data transmission services to accommodate a
variety of applications such as multimedia, video conferencing, online gaming,
etc.

E. The development of mobile phones in Indonesia

Mobile began to enter Indonesia around 1998, the year the phone is only
used for calls and the purchase price is very high at around 10 million rupiah,
vendors who initially issued the phone is Siemens, Sony Ericsson, and Nokia. At
that time also the prime card used relatively expensive cost around 500 thousand
rupiah and still have a system that requires the roaming mobile phone users have a
pulse although only receive calls from outside. GSM card which first appeared at
that time only Pro XL (now XL) and sympathy. After experiencing quite a lot of
advances in technology, emerging technology SMS (short message service) which
is a kind of short messages in the form of text that allows users to send each other
messages. At the age of mobile phones are well known Indonesian society is the
Nokia 3310. After the appearance of SMS, creating an increasingly rapid
connectivity with GPRS birth where the performance of mobile phones is
becoming increasingly fast access to internet. Until now, it has been known 3G
technologies, 3.5G, and the newest 4G.

The development of mobile phones in the country lately quite rapidly, as

well as the needs of the mobile phone also indirectly be a lifestyle of its own.
Initially the mobile phone models that have appeared in the homeland market is
the production of Nokia, followed by Siemens and Sony Ericsson, and until now
the various brands of mobile phones with a variety of models have been present in
the mobile phone market ground water to meet the needs and desires of
consumers. One of the phone pretty much in demand today is BlackBerry. The
emergence of BlackBerry in the country today is an era of mobile lifestyle.
BlackBerry is a mobile phone using a qwerty keypad which is one of the growing
trend in mobile phones today. Qwerty is a term or terms to use the keypad on the
mobile phone keyboard as the keyboard on a typewriter or computer. One of the
distinguishing features are the letters Q, W, E, R, T, Y is in the first row on the
left side of the keyboard on the phone.
 • Qwerty Mobile Developments in Indonesia

The development of increasingly evolving technology, it is iterbukti with

many emerging devices and everyday working equipped with high class
technology. The development of this technology was not taken lightly by the
producers of telecommunication, mobile phone, to add new technologies therein.
The addition of this technology also triggers increased sales for such
products.BlackBerry is one of the mobile phone manufacturers have been utilizing
and developing the existing technological development into the mobile products
they create. In addition to technology, the BlackBerry also perform a difference to
the type of phone that has existed in the market today, offering a QWERTY type
keypad and mobile services anytime. The difference that makes the BlackBerry in
great demand by the fans, from the officials, celebrities, to young children.
However, not everyone can have this BlackBerry can be said because the price is
not cheap enough.

Indeed, the sales price of the BlackBerry mobile phone is very expensive
and at first BlackBerry only used by the upper class. However, the vendors
foreign telecommunications (Nokia and Samsung) and local (Indosat) look at the
market segment Indonesia are interested in the mobile phone type of BlackBerry
is very much, while not supported purchasing power, so that vendors tesebut
create mobile products that have features that not much different from the
BlackBerry, with its main characteristic, such as qwerty keypad and can be mobile
anytime and of course the price is much cheaper. The emergence of the
Blackberry in the country make phone qwerty increasingly popular. In addition to
well-known vendors who issued such products, mobile phones China participated
add crowded mobile phone market in the country. This can be seen in various
regions in Indonesia at this time that the BlackBerry mobile phone and other
brands flooded the mobile phone market in Indonesia

• Smartphone
 Smartphone in the beginning is a tool that combines a cell phone with a
personal digital assistant (PDA-Personal Digital Assistant). Then developed with
added multimedia features as it can serve as a simple digital camera, then added
with a music player mobile devices.

As the development of the digital age, since early 2010, smartphone even
as defined as the mobile phone (cellular phone) which has the function of
supporting business, social, multimedia, and can access data at high speed through
facilities provider (operator), as well as WiFi networks

Birth smartphone with high ability marked by the birth of the iPhone from
Apple. Pioneering multimedia tools to move to the level of high-class and high-
class has become the king of smartphones and digital music players from mid
2007 until the emergence of competitors in early 2010.

Smartphone is a combination of traditional PDAs and mobile phones, but

rather focus on the parts of the phone. The mobile devices integrate capabilities of
mobile phones with computer features a hand or PDA. Smartphone provides the
ability for the consumer to store information, e-mail, the installation program,
such as using a mobile phone in one device. Smartphone features usually oriented
feature phones compared with PDA features. There is no standard that can define
a smartphone, so perangkar that exceeds the capabilities of mobile phones can be
categorized as a smartphone device.

• PDA phone (PDA which features Mobile Phone)

This one device category is quite confusing consumers. Several years ago,
many people distinguish between PDAs and smartphones with ease, from the
touchscreen. If a mobile device features a touch screen (touchscreen), then the
device is included in the class of PDA phone, but if not, then the device including
smartphones. Sony Ericsson smartphones, for example, offering features a
touchscreen and a QWERTY keyboard. Apart from manufacturing Sony Ericsson
uses the product name for a smartphone, PDA phone is more oriented to function
PDA with phone capabilities
 • Pocket PC

Pocket PC is not a category of mobile devices, but rather to a PDA device

that uses the Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system. Almost the same as
PDA, Pocket PC features also focused on computing and data processing with the
capability of a mobile phone and PDA functions. Pocket PC is one of the standard
device that features a touchscreen, including a touchpad, and other specifications.

Conclusion The difference between each of the mobile communication

device is a PDA phone is more than just a PDA than a mobile phone, a
smartphone is more than just a mobile phone than a PDA. Examples of popular
use of the term in the above telephone devices such as:

• Apple iPhone, a combination smartphone and iPod

• HP iPAQ Mobile Messenger is a Pocket PC

• LG Prada is a phone with a touchscreen, but not smartphones

• RIM BlackBerry is a smartphone

• Palm Treo 700p and the Motorola Q is a PDA phone

F. Advantages of Using Mobilephone

Various perceived relative advantage of cordless phones that surpass cable

telephone and radio phone-growing due to mobility and greater efficiency.
Different from those connected to the telephone line or telephone disebuah
building standards can be under, but a large battery box must be equipped with a
radio transmitter and receiver, the phone is lightweight and compact can appear
under in a jacket pocket or purse.With the presence of mobile communication
systems of society that used mostly done face to face. However, at this moment
the public communication system began to migrate from the old communication
system (face to face) into a new communication system, ie via mobile phone. The
presence of the phone is actually not a new invention (innovation), because prior
to our mobile phones have to know the name of the house that have uses almost
the same as the mobile phone, which is to facilitate us berkomuniksai over long
distances.The development of increasingly types of mobile phones increased from
the facilities provided, to form large to small. Many new facilities provided by the
mobile phone makes it easy to communicate. Mobile not only be used to receive
and call, but also to send SMS and the like. The presence of SMS services that
become a new phenomenon in the life of the current communication.Sort massage
service (SMS) is one of the facilities provided in the phone to facilitate the public
to send a message. The message is meant here is a brief message written on the
mobile phone screen which is then sent to the destination number. The short
message has several advantages compared with other facilities provided in the
phone. In addition to simplify the process of communication, the cost incurred for
the short message is much cheaper compared with other facilities that have the
same function, such as E-mail, chat and the like.