PMEC– 1

MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT

AND MAGNETISM
Syllabus :

Biot - Savart law and its application of current

carrying circular loop.
Ampere’s law and its application to infinitely long
current carrying straight wire and solenoid.
Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and
electric fields, Cyclotron, Force on a current-carry-
ing conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force
between two parallel current-carrying
conductors-definition of ampere. Torque
experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic
field; Moving coil galvanometer, its current
sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and
voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic
dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field
and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro-mag-
netic substances.
Magnetic susceptibility and permeability,
Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent magnets.

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 PMEC – 2
CONCEPTS

C1 SOURCE OF MAGNETIC FIELD

C1A Magnetic field of uniformly moving charge :
A moving electric charge creates a magnetic field in the space around it. The law defining the magnetic field
  µ 0 ( v  r )
B of a point charge moving at a constant non-relativistic velocity v is written as B  q 3 4 r
µ0
where µ0 is the magnetic constant, the coefficient  10  7 H / m , and r is the radius vector from the
4
point charge q to the point where the field is to be determined as shown in figure. The direction of B can
 
be obtained by applying screw rule on v  r .
C2 MAGNETIC FIELD OF A CURRENT ELEMENT
The law of Biot and Savart gives the magnetic field created by a small elements of length dl carrying a

 µ 0 d l  r 
current I. According to this law : d B  I where dl vector points in the direction of current
4 r3
 
I. The vector r goes from the current element to the point where the field dB can be obtained by applying
 
the screw rule (dl  r ) . This law can be used to find the magnetic field created by any configuration of
current carrying wire.
C3 MAGNETIC FIELD FOR SOME IMPORTANT CONFIGURATION
1. A straight current carrying wire
case a :
Consider a wire AB carrying current I as shown in figure. For points along the length of the wire
the field is always zero.
case b :

µ0 I
The magnetic field at point P is given by B  (cos   cos )
4 r

case c :

µ 0 2I
If the wire is of infinite length then the field at P is B  .
4 r
case d :

µ0 I cos 
The magnetic field at point P is given by B 
4 r
case e :

µ0 I
If the wire is of semi infinite length then the field at P is given by B  .
4 r

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 PMEC– 3

2. A circular current loop

Consider a current loop of radius r carrying a current I and having N turns.

µ0 2NI
(a) Field at centre of the loop : B 
4 r

µ0 2NIr 2
(b) Field at axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the loop : B
4 ( r 2  x 2 ) 3 / 2
Note that only axial component of the field will exist.
3. A Current Arc

µ 0 I µ 0 Il
Field at centre of the arc is B   ,
4 r 4 r 2
where l is the length of the arc and  is the angle made by the arc at the centre.
4. Solenoid
If several turns of an insulated wires are wounded around the cylinder then the resulting coil is called a
solenoid.
Field at an axial point of a solenoid is given by

µ0
B (2nI)[cos   cos ]
4
Here n is then number of turns per unit length.

case a : If the solenoid is of infinite length then B = µ0 nI

1
case b : Field near the end of an infinite solenoid is µ 0 nI .
2
case c : Field outside the solenoid is zero.
Conventionally the direction of the field perpendicular to the plane of the paper
is represented by if into the page and if out of the page.
Practice Problems :
1. A square coil of side a carries a current I. The magnetic field at the centre of the coil is

µ0 I 2µ 0 I µ0 I 2 2µ 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a a 2a a
2. Two circular coils have number of turns in the ratio 1 : 2 and radii in the ratio 2 : 1. If the same
current flows through them, the magnetic fields at their centres will be in the ratio
(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 2:1 (d) 1:4
3. The magnetic field inside a current carrying toroidal solenoid is B. If its radius is doubled and the
current through it is also doubled, the magnetic field inside the solenoid will be
(a) B/2 (b) B (c) 2B (d) 4B

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 PMEC – 4
4. Two identical coils have a common centre and their planes are at right angles to each other. They
carry equal currents. If the magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre due to one of the coils is B
then that due to the combination is
(a) B (b) 2B (c) B/2 (d) 2B
–2
5. A current of 1 A is flowing in the sides of an equilateral triangle of side 4.5 × 10 m. The magnetic
field at the centroid of the triangle is
(a) 2 × 10–5 T (b) 4 × 10–5 T (c) 8 × 10–5 T (d) 1.2 × 10–4 T
6. Match the following column :
Column-I Column-II

µ 0 I µ 0I
(p) (i)  out of the page
4r 4r

µ 0I  2
(q) (ii)  1   out of the page
4r  

µ 0I  r1  r2 
(r) (iii)   into the page
4  r1r2 
(a) (p)-(i), (q)-(ii), (r)-(iii) (b) (p)-(ii), (q)-(i), (r)-(iii)
(c) (p)-(iii), (q)-(ii), (r)-(i) (d) (p)-(i), (q)-(iii), (r)-(ii)
[Answers : (1) d (2) d (3) c (4) b (5) b (6) a]

C4A MAGNETIC FORCE ON MOVING CHARGES

A magnetic field exerts a force on a moving charge but not on a stationary charged particle. The force on a
    
charge q moving with velocity v in a magnetic field B is given by F  q ( v  B) . F = |q v B| sin  where
  
 is the angle between the B and velocity v . The direction of F is given by right hand screw rule. The
 
force on a positive charge is in the direction of v  B but the force on a negative charge is opposite to the
 
vector v  B .

 
For v || B , F = 0 and for F | qvB |

 
Note that force F is always perpendicular to v , so it cannot change the magnitude of velocity, only its
direction. So the magnetic field can never do work on the particle and this is true even if the magnetic field
is not uniform. Hence the kinetic energy of the particle is constant.
C4B MOTION OF CHARGED PARTICLE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
Case I Motion in Straight Line
A charged particle projected into a magnetic field with a velocity parallel or antiparallel to the field,
experiences a zero force. Hence the velocity of this particle in this case is constant and hence it travels in a
straight line.
Case II Motion on a Circular Path
A charged particle of charge q, projected into a magnetic field B with initial velocity v perpendicular to the
field, experiences a force F = qvB. Under the action of such force the particle moves in a circular path with
constant speed. The plane of the circular path is perpendicular to the lines of force of the magnetic field.

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 PMEC– 5
The magnetic force provides the centripetal force. According to Newton’s Second Law

mv 2 mv
qvB  r where r is the radius of the circular path. T gives the time period of revolution
r qB

which is given by
2r 2m .

v qB
Note that time period is independent of velocity.
Case III Helical Motion

Consider a positive charged q has velocity components both perpendicular ( v  ) and parallel (v||) to a
magnetic field B then it moves in a path, shown in figure, called helical path. The (v||) and ( v  ) component
is responsible for linear motion and circular motion respectively of the particle and hence the resulting
motion is helical.

mv  2m
Radius of helix, r . Time period of revolution, T  .
qB qB

 2m 
Pitch of the helix (the displacement parallel to the field in one revolution) is p  v|| T    v||
 qB 
Practice Problems :
1. A charged particle enters a magnetic field such that the direction of initial velocity is different from
the direction of the field. Which of the following characteristics of the particle doesn’t change with
time ?
(a) momentum (b) kinetic energy
(c) acceleration (d) direction of motion
2. Choose the correct statement for the magnetic force acting on a charged particle
(a) The maximum mgnetic force will be when the velocity of the charged particle is
perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field.
(b) Power acted by the magnetic force is always zero
(c) Work done by the magnetic force is always zero
(d) All are correct
3. Ions of different momenta (p), having the same charge, enter normally a uniform magnetic field.
The radius of the orbit of an ion is proportional to
(a) p (b) 1/p (c) p2 (d) 1/p2
4. A proton and an -particle, moving with the same kinetic energy, enter a uniform magnetic field
normally. The radii of their circular paths will be in the ratio
(a) 1:1 (b) 2:1 (c) 1:2 (d) 4:1
5. Two particles X and Y having charge, after being accelerated through the same potential difference
enter a region of uniform magnetic field and describe circular paths of radii R1 and R2 respectively.
The ratio of the mass of X to that of Y is
(a) (R1 / R2)1/2 (b) R2/R1 (c) (R1 / R2)2 (d) R1/R2
6. An electron is injected into a uniform magnetic field with components of velocity parallel to and
normal to the field direction. The path of the electron is a
(a) helix (b) circle (c) parabola (d) straight line
7. A proton and an -particle enter a uniform magnetic field perpendicularly, with the same speed. If
the proton takes 25 microseconds to make 5 revolutions, the periodic time for the -particle would
be
(a) 50 µs (b) 25 µs (c) 10 µs (d) 5 µs

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 PMEC – 6
8. If a particle of charge 10–12C moving along the x-direction with a velocity 105 m/s experiences a force
of 10–10 N in y-direction, then the minimum magnetic field is
(a) 6.25 × 103 T in the positive z-direction (b) 10–15 T in the negative z-direction
(c) 10–3 T in the positive z-direction (d) 10–3 T in the negative z-direction
[Answers : (1) b (2) d (3) a (4) a (5) c (6) a (7) c (8) d]

C5 LORENTZ FORCE
When a charged particle moves through a region of space where both electric and magnetic field are present,

both fields exerts forces on the particle. The total force F is the vector sum of the electric and magnetic
   
force on a charged particle of charge q is given by F  q (E  v  B) , this force is known as Lorentz
force.
Practice Problems :
1. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field exist in a region in the same direction. An
electron is projected with velocity pointed in the same direction. The electron will follow a
(a) straight path (b) circular path
(c) Helix path (d) Cycloidal path
2. A proton moving with a constant velocity passes through a region of space without any change in its
velocity. If E and B represent the electric and magnetic fields respectively, this region of space may
not have
(a) E = 0, B = 0 (b) E = 0, B  0 (c) E  0, B = 0 (d) E  0, B  0
3. A charged particle enters a region where a uniform electric field E and a uniform magnetic field B
exist. If E and B are perpendicular to each other and also perpendicular to the velocity u of the
particle, then the particle will move undeviated if u equals
(a) B/E (b) E/B (c) EB (d) E2/B2
[Answers : (1) a (2) c (3) b]

C6A FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR

The force experienced by current element of length dl carrying current I placed in a magnetic field B is
     
given by dF  Idl  B . The total force on a current carrying conductor is given by F   I(dl  B) .
     
If the field B is uniform and current I is steady, then F  I ( d l )  B  I l  B


where l is the vector whose magnitude is l and the direction is same as that of current. Hence the force on
a wire of arbitrary shape is same as that on a straight wire joining the end points of the wire of arbitrary
shape. From the above statement we can conclude that the force acting on a closed loop carrying steady
state current placed in a uniform field is zero.
C6B FORCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL CURRENT CARRYING WIRES
Consider two long wires kept parallel to each other, distance d apart, and carrying currents I1 and I2
respectively, then
(i) if they carry currents in the same direction then there will be force of attraction between them.
(ii) if they carry current in the opposite direction then there will force of repulsion between them.
The magnitude of force experienced by each wire on a unit length is given as force per unit
µ 0 2I1I 2
length = .
4 d

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New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC– 7
Practice Problems :
1. A horizontal wire of length 10 cm and mass 0.3 g carries a current of 5A. The magnitude of the
magnetic field which can support the weight of the wire is (g = 10 m/s2).
(a) 3 × 10–3T (b) 6 × 10–3 T (c) 3 × 10–4 T (d) 6 × 10–4 T

2. A vertical wire carrying a current in the upward direction is placed in a horizontal magnetic field
directed towards north. The wire will experience a force towards
(a) North (b) South (c) East (d) West
3. A long horizontally fixed wire carries a current of 100 A. Directly above and parallel to it is another
wire carrying a current of 20 A and weighing 0.04 N/m. What should be the separation between the
two wires so that the upper wire is just supported by magnetic repulsion ?
(a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm
4. In the figure AB is a long straight wire carrying a current of 20 A and CDFG is a rectangular loop of
size 20 cm × 9 cm carrying a current of 10 A. The edge CG is parallel to AB, at a distance of 1 cm from
it. The force exerted on the loop by the magnetic field of the wire is

(a) 3.6 × 10–4 N towards left (b) 3.6 × 10–4 N towards right
(c) 7.2 × 10–4 towards right (d) 7.2 × 10–4 towards left
[Answers : (1) b (2) d (3) a (4) d]

C7A MAGNETIC DIPOLE

Consider a small current carrying loop of N turns and area A carrying a current I has similar pattern of lines

of force as bar magnet, as shown in figure. That’s why a current loop has magnetic dipole moment µ which
 
is defined as µ  NIA .

  
The direction of µ coincides with the direction of the area vector A . The direction A is perpendicular to
the plane of the loop. If we curl the fingers of the right hand along the current, the direction of thumb gives
the direction of dipole moment.
C7B MAGNETIC DIPOLE IN A UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD
A current loop of magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field experiences a zero force but non zero torque
  
and the torque is given by   µ  B .

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 PMEC – 8
Potential energy of the dipole
When a dipole is placed in a uniform magnetic field, it posses potential energy given by

U  µ.B
For =0  U = –µB
 = /2  U=0
=  U = +µB
Hence for  = 0 i.e. when a dipole is placed along the direction of field, the dipole is in stable equilibrium
whereas for  =  the dipole is in unstable equilibrium.
Practice Problems :
1. A conducting circular loop of radius r carries a constant current i. It is placed in a uniform
magnetic field B such that B is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The magnetic force, torque
and potential energy of the loop is respectively
(a) 0, 0, –ir2B (b) 0, 0, 0 (c) Bir, 0, –ir2B (d) 2Bir, 0, –ir2B
[Answers : (1) a]

C8 AMPERE’S LAW

Ampere’s law states that the line integral of B around any closed path equals µ0 times the net current (I)
 
through the area enclosed by the path i.e.  .dl  µI .
B
Using Ampere’s law, one finds that the field inside a torodal coil and solenoid are

µ 0 NI
B (toroid)
2 r
N
B  µ 0 I  µ 0 nI (solenoid )
l

where N is the total number of turns, n is the number of turns per unit length and r is the radius of the
toroidal coil.
Practice Problems :
1. A hollow cylinder of radius r carries a current I. Let the magnetic field inside the cylinder is B1 and
outside the cylinder is B2. Then
(a) B1 = 0, B2  0 (b) B1  0, B2  0 (c) B1 = 0, B2  0 (d) B1  0, B2 = 0
2. A solid cylinder of radius r carries a current I. Let the magnetic field from the axis of the cylinder is
B. Which of the following graph will represent the variation of B with the distance (x) from the axis
of the cylinder ?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

[Answers : (1) a (2) c]

C9 Magnetism :
There are two types of magnetic poles known as North and South pole. However, every effort to isolate the
poles of a magnet have failed. Thus a magnetic monopole does not exist.
Pole Stength : In the study of bar magnets it is sometimes useful to introduce a quantity called magnetic
pole strength (qm) which is analogous to charge in electrostatics. In terms of qm the magnetic moment M of
bar magnet of length 2l can be written as m = 2l qm. The unit of magnetic moment is Am2 or J/T.

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC– 9
Practice Problems :
1. A bar magnet of magnetic moment M is cut into two parts of equal length. The magnetic moment of
either part is
(a) M (b) 2M (c) M/2 (d) zero
[Answers : (1) c]

C10 Properties of electric and magnetic dipoles

Property Electric Dipole Magnetic Dipole
  
 1 2p µ 2m
Field at distant point along axis E B  0 3
4 0 x 3 4 x
  µ m 
 1 p
Field at distant point along perpendicular E B 0 3
4 0 x 3 4 x

bisector (broad-side-on position)

Force in an external uniform field zero zero
   
Torque in an external field p E mB
   
potential energy in an external field – p.E  m.B
Work done in rotating the dipole in an p E (1 – cos ) mB(1 – cos )
external field from the equilibrium position
Practice Problems :
1. A magnetic needle lying parallel to a magnetic field requires W units of work to turn it through 600.
The torque required to maintain the needle in this position is

3
(a) 3 W (b) W (c) W (d) 2W
2
2. The magnetic field at a point A on the axis of a small bar magnet is equal to the field at a point B on
the equator of the same magnet. The ratio of the distances of A and B from the centre of the magnet
is
(a) 2–3 (b) 2–1/3 (c) 23 (d) 21/3
[Answers : (1) a (2) d]

C11 Time period of small oscillations of a magnet in a magnetic field : Vibration Magnetometer
Suppose a magnet of dipole moment m is suspended in a uniform magnetic field B. If it is given a slight
rotation  from its position of equilibrium, the restoring torque will be  = –mB sin  = –mB

I
Therefore the magnet will oscillate with a time period : T  2 , where I is the moment of inertia of
mB
the magnet.
Practice Problems :
1. The time period of oscillation of a freely suspended magnet is 4 s. It it is broken in length into two
equal parts and one part is suspended in the same way, its time period will be
(a) 4s (b) 2s (c) 0.5 s (d) 0.25 s
2. The time period of oscillation of a bar magnet suspended horizontally along the magnetic meridian
is T0. If this magnet is replaced by another magnet of the same size and pole strength, but with
double the mass, the new time period will be
(a) T0/2 (b) T0/2 (c) 2T0 (d) 2T0
[Answers : (1) b (2) c]

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C12 Gauss’s Law of Magnetism


The law states that B.dS  0 for all closed surfaces. This is a precise expression of the fact that magnetic

monopoles do not exist.

C13 The Magnetic Field of the Earth
Various observations indicate that there is a magnetic field associated with the earth. The field is
approximately like that of a fictious huge bar magnet located deep inside the earth with its north pole nearly
towards the geographic south and the south pole nearly towards the geographic north. The actual source of
the field appears to be some molten charged metallic fluid giving rise to a current flowing inside the core of
the earth.

Geographic meridian : It is the vertical plane passing through the axis of rotation of the earth.
Magnetic meridian : It is the vertical plane passing through the axis of a freely suspended magnet.
Declination : It is the angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian at a place.
Declination varies irregularly from place to place.
Dip () : It is the angle between the earth’s magnetic field and the horizontal direction at a place. It is 00 at
the magnetic equator and 900 at the poles, varying gradually as one goes from equator to poles.
BV 
We have  tan  , where BH and BV are the horizontal and vertical components of earth’s field B .
BH
Practice Problems :
1. At a certain place the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is 3 times the vertical
component. The angle of dip at that place is
(a) 750 (b) 600 (c) 450 (d) 300
[Answers : (1) d]

C14 Magnetic Properties of Materials :

On the basis of magnetic behaviour, all the materials can be classified into three categories :
1. diamagnetic, 2. Paramagnetic, 3. Ferromagnetic.
1. Diamagnetic substances are those which are feebly repelled by a magnet. When placed in a non-uniform
magnetic field, they tend to move from stronger to weaker parts of the field.
Examples : Bi, Cu, Zn, Hg, Au, Pb, NaCl, H2O etc. In fact, most of the materials are diamagnetic.
2. Paramagnetic substances are those which are feebly attracted by a magnet. When placed in a non-uniform
field they tend to move from weaker to stronger parts of the field.
Examples : Al, Na liquid O2, CuCl2, wood etc.
3. Ferromagnetic substances are those which are strongly attracted by a magnet.
Examples : Fe, Ni, Co etc.
C15 Curie Law
The variation of magnetic moment per unit volume, M, also called magnetisation, as a function of B/T,
where T is the temperature and B is the magnetic field for low value of B/T is given by, M  B/T or
CB
M , where C is a constant. This is called the Curie law.
T

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Curie Temperature : It is that temperature above which the ferromagnetic material becomes
paramagnetic. For iron the Curie temperature is 1043 K.
C16 Relative Permeability (µr) and Magnetic Susceptibility (  )
Relation between Relative Permeability (µ ) and Magnetic Susceptibility is given by µ = 1 + 
r r
Material µr 
Diamagnetic slightly less than unity small, negative
Paramagnetic slightly more than unity small, positive
Ferromagnetic much greater than unity (~ 103) large, positive.
C17 Hysteresis : When a piece of ferromagnetic material is taken through a cycle of magnetisation, the
variation of magnetic induction B with the magnetic intensity H is as shown in the diagram.

The value of B at which H (magnetic intensity) is zero is called remanence (Br). The value of H at which B
(magnetic field) is zero is called coercivity. The complete cycle of magnetisation is known as hysteresis
loop.
The following important points concerning hysteresis loop should be noted :
1. The energy spent per cycle in taking a ferromagnetic material through a cycle of magnetisation is
proportional to the area of the hysteresis loop. This area is very small for soft iron and is large for steel.
Therefore soft iron is useful for cores of transformers and generators.

2. For steel, coercivity is very large and remanence is fairly large.Therefore, steel is used for making parmanent
magnets. The area of the loop is large for steel, but it does not matter because a permanent magnet has not
to be taken through a cycle of magnetisation.
For soft iron coercivity is small and area of the loop is also small. Therefore it is a suitable materials for
making electromagnets.
Practice Problems :
1. Electromagnets are made of soft iron because soft iron has
(a) low susceptibility and low retentivity (b) high susceptibility and high retentivity
(c) high susceptibility and low retentivity (d) low permeability and high retentivity
2. The area of the B-H hysteresis loop is an indication of the
(a) permeability of the material (b) susceptibility of the material
(c) retentivity of the material (d) energy dissipated per cycle
3. The material of a permanent magnet has
(a) high retentivity, low coercivity (b) low retentivity, high coercivity
(c) low retentivity, low coercivity (d) high retentivity, high coercivity
[Answers : (1) c (2) d (3) d]

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC – 12
INITIAL STEP EXERCISE
(OBJECTIVE)

1. In a moving coil galvanometer the current i is 6. All the magnetic materials lose their magnetic
related to the deflection  as i = n, where n is a properties when
constant. The value of n is
(a) dipped in water
(a) 1 (b) –1
(b) dipped in oil
(c) ½ (d) –½
(c) brought near a piece of iron
2. To make the field radial in a moving coil
galvanometer (d) strongly heated

(a) the number of turns in the form of 7. Which of the following is most suitable for the core
increased of an electromagnet ?

(b) magnet is taken in the form of horse-shoe (a) air (b) soft iron

(c) poles are cylindrically cut (c) steel (d) Cu-Ni alloy

(d) coil is wound on aluminium frame 8. If a diamagnetic solution is poured into a U-type
and one arm of this U-tube placed between the poles
3. Choose the correct statement for magnetic lines of of a strong magnet, with the meniscus in a line with
force the field, then the level of the solution will
(a) cannot intersect at all (a) rise (b) fall
(b) In the case of a bar magnet, the lines of (c) oscillate slowly (d) remain as such
magnetic induction run continuously
through the bar and outside 9. Magnet permeability is maximum for

(c) In the case of a bar magnet, the lines of (a) diamagnetic substances
magnetic induction inside the magnet run (b) paramagnetic substances
from south to north pole
(c) ferromagnetic substances
(d) All are correct
(d) all of these
4. Isogonic lines on a magnetic map have
10. At the magnetic north pole of the earth, the value
(a) zero angle of dip of the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic
(b) zero angle of declination field and the angle of dip are respectively

(c) the same angle of dip (a) zero, maximum

(d) the same angle of declination (b) maximum, minimum

5. A magnetic needle suspended by a silk thread is (c) maximum, maximum

vibrating in the earth’s magnetic field. If the (d) minimum, minimum
temperature of the needle is increased by 5000C,
then
(a) the time period decreases
(b) the time period remains unchanged
(c) the time period increases
(d) the needle stops vibrating

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC– 13
FINAL STEP EXERCISE
1. A potential difference of 600 V is applied across the 5. A charged particle having kinetic energy E enters
plates of a parallel plate capacitor. The separation normally a region of uniform magnetic field
between the plates is 3 mm. A magnetic field also between two plates P 1 and P 2 as shown in the
exists between the plates. An electron projected figure. If the particle just misses hitting the plate
parallel to the plates with a speed of 2 × 106 m/s P2, then the magnetic field B in the region between
moves undeflected between the plates. The the plates is
magnitude and direction of the magnetic field is
(a) 0.2 T, into the page
(b) 0.2 T, out of the page
(c) 0.1 T, into the page
(d) 0.1 T, out of the page
2. A charge q coulomb is circulating in an orbit of
radius r metres making n revolutions per second.
The magnetic field produced at the centre of the
circle in N/Am is

2q 2q
(a)  10 7 (b)  10 7 mE 2mE
nr r (a) (b)
2qd qd

2nq 2rn mE 2mE

(c)  10 7 (d)  10 7 (c) (d)
r q 2qd qd
3. In the figure x, y and z are long straight wires. The 6. A magnet is suspended in such a way that it
magnetic force on 25 cm length of y is oscillates in the horizontal plane. It makes
20 oscillations per minute at a place where the dip
angle is 300 and 15 oscillations per minute at a place
where the dip angle is 600. The ratio of earth’s total
magnetic fields at the two places is
(a) 33 : 8 (b) 23 : 9
(c) 4:9 (d) 16 : 93
7. A short magnet of moment 6.75 Am2 produces a
neutral point on its axis. If the horizontal
component of earth’s magnetic field is 5 × 10 –5
Wb/m2, then the distance of the neutral point from
(a) 2 × 10–4 N towards right the centre of the magnet is
(b) 4 × 10–4 N towards right (a) 10 cm (b) 20 cm
(c) 2 × 10–4 N towards left (c) 30 cm (d) 40 cm
(d) 4 × 10–4 towards left 8. A wire of given length is folded into a circular coils
4. A circular loop of mass m and radius r lies on a of constant radius. A constant current is flowing
horizontal table (xy-plane). A uniform magnetic through the loop. The magnetic field produced at
field is applied parallel to the x-axis. The current I the centre of the coil is directly proportional to the
that should flow in the loop so that it just tilts about number of turns as n. The value of  is
one point on the table is (a) –1 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
mg mg
(a) (b) 9. In the above problem the magnetic dipole moment
r 2 B 2rB of the loop depends on number of turns as n. The
value of  is
mg rB
(c) (d) (a) –1 (b) 1
rB mg
(c) 2 (d) 3

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC – 14
ANSWERS (INITIAL STEP
EXERCISE) ANSWERS (FINAL STEP EXERCISE)

1. a 6. d 1. d 6. d
2. c 7. b 2. c 7. c
3. d 8. b 3. b 8. c
4. d 9. c 4. c 9. a
5. c 10. a 5. d

AIEEE ANALYSIS [2002]

1. If a current is passed through a spring, then the
spring will
(a) expand (b) compress
(c) remains same (d) none of these
2. In an electron and a proton hving same momenta
enter perpendicular to a magnetic field, then
(a) curved path of electron and proton will
be same (ignoring the sense of revolution)
(b) they will more undeflected
(c) curved path of electron is more curved µ0
(a) i 1i 2dl tan 
than that of proton 2r
(d) path of proton is more curved µ0
3. If in a circular coil A of radius R, current i is (b) i 1i 2 dl sin 
2r
flowing and in another coil B of radius 2R a
current 2i is flowing, then the ratio of the magnetic µ0
fields, BA and BB provided by them will be (c) i 1i 2 dl cos 
2r
(a) 1 (b) 2
µ0
(c) 1/2 (d) 4 (d) i 1i 2dl sin 
4r
4. At a specific instant emission of radioactive
compound is deflected in a magnetic field. The 6. The time period of a charged particle undergoing a
compound can emit circular motion in a uniform magnetic field is
independent of its
(i) electrons (ii) protons
(a) speed
(iii) He2+ (iv) neutrons
(b) mass
The emission at the instant can be
(c) charge
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) (b) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(d) magnetic induction
(c) (iv) (d) (ii), (iii)
5. Wires 1 and 2 carrying currents i 1 and i 2
respectively are inclined at an angle  to each other.
What is the force on a small element dl of wire 2 at
a distance r from wire 1 (as shown in figure) due to
the magnetic field of wire 1 ?

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC– 15
AIEEE ANALYSIS [2003]
7. A particle of charge –16 × 10–18 coulomb moving 10. The magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet
with velocity 10 ms–1 along the x-axis enters a (a) depend upon the area of cross-section of
region where a magnetic field of induction B is along the bar magnet
the y-axis, and an electric field of magnitude
104V/m is along the negative z-axis. If the charged (b) are from south-pole to north-pole of the
particle continues moving along the x-axis, the magnet
magnitude of B is (c) are form north-pole to south-pole of the
(a) 16
10 Wb/m 2
(b) –3
10 Wb/m 2 magnet
(c) 3
10 Wb/m 2
(d) 105Wb/m2 (d) do not exist
8. A thin rectangular magnet suspended freely has a 11. Curie temperature is the temperature above which
period of oscillation equal to T. Now it is broken (a) a ferromagnetic material becomes dia
into two equal halves (each having half of the magnetic
original length) and one piece is made to oscillate (b) a paramagnetic material becomes ferro
freely in the same field. If the period of oscillation magnetic
T (c) a ferromagnetic material becomes para
is T , the ratio is magnetic
T
(d) a paramagnetic material becomes dia
(a) 2 (b) 1/4
magnetic
(c) 1/22 (d) 1/2
12. A particle of mass M and charge Q moving with
9. A magnetic needle lying parallel to a magnetic field 
velocity v describes a circular path of radius R
requires W units of work to turn it through 600.
The torque needed to maintain the needle in this when subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic
position will be field of induction B. The work done by the field
when the particle completes one full circles is
3 (a) BQ2R (b) BQv2R
(a) W (b) 2W
2  Mv 2 
(c)  2  R (d) zero
(c) 3 W (d) W
 R 

AIEEE ANALYSIS [2004/2005]

13. A current i ampere flows along an infinitely long 15. The magnetic field due to a current carrying
straight thin walled tube then the magnetic circular loop of radius 3 cm at a point on the axis at
induction at any point inside the tube is a distance of 4 cm from the centre is 54 µT. What
will be its value at the centre of the loop ?
(a) infinite (b) zero
(a) 250 µT (b) 150 µT
µ 0 2i 2i (c) 125 µT (d) 75 µT
(c) tesla (d) tesla
4 r r [2004]
[2004] 16. Two long conductors, separated by a distance d
14. A long wire carries a steady current. It is bent into carry current l1 and l2 in the same direction. They
a circle of one turn and the magnetic field at the exert a force F on each other. Now the current in
centre of the coil is B. It is then bent into a circular one of them is increased to two times and its
loop of n turns. The magnetic field at the centre of direction is reversed. The distance is also increased
the coil will be to 3d. The new value of the force between them is
(a) nB (b) n2B (a) –2F (b) F/3
(c) 2n B (d) 2n B2 (c) –2F/3 (d) –F/3
[2004] [2004]

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC – 16
17. The length of a magnet is large compared to its (µ0 = 4 × 10–7 Wb / A . m)
width and breath. The time period of its oscillation (a) 5 × 10–5 (b) 7 × 10–5
in a vibration magnetometer is 2 s. The magnet is
cut along its length into three equal parts and three (c) 12 × 10–5 (d) 10–5
parts are then placed on each other with their like [2005]
poles together. The time period of this combination 21. A charged particle of mass m and charge q travels
will be on a circular path of radius r that is perpendicular
(a) 2s (b) 2/3 s to a magnetic field B. The time taken by the
(c) 23 s (d) 2/3 s particle to complete one revolution is

[2004] 2qB 2m

18. The materials suitable for making electromagnets (a) (b)
m qB
should have
(a) high retentivity and high coercivity 2mq 2q 2 B
(b) low retentivity and low correcivity (c) (d)
B m
(c) high retentivity and low coercivity
[2005]
(d) low retentivity and high coercivity
22. A magnetic needle is kept in a non-uniform
[2004] magnetic field. It experiences
19. Two thin, parallel wires, separated by a distance (a) a force and a torque
‘d’ carry a current of ‘i’ A in the same direction.
They will (b) a force but not a torque

(a) attract each other with a force of (c) a torque but not a force
µ0i2 / (2d2) (d) neither a force nor a torque
(b) 2
repel each other with a force of µ0i / (2d) [2005]
(c) attract each other with a force of 23. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic
µ0i2 / (2d) field are acting along the same direction in a
(d) repel each other with a force of certain region. If an electron is projected along the
µ0i2 / (2d2) direction of the fields with a certain velocity then

[2005] (a) it will turn towards right of direction of

motion
20. Two concentric coils each of radius equal to 2 cm
are placed at right angle to each other. 3 ampere (b) it will turn towards left of direction of
and 4 ampere are the currents flowing in each coil motion
respectively. The magnetic induction in Weber/m2 (c) its velocity will decrease
at the centre of the coils will be (d) its velocity will increase
[2005]

AIEEE ANALYSIS [2006]

24. In a region, steady and uniform electric and (c) 1.05 × 10–2 Weber/m2
magnetic fields are present. These two fields are par- (d) 1.05 × 10–5 Weber/m2
allel to each other. A charged particle is released
from rest in this region. The path of the particle 26. Needles N1, N2 and N3 are made of a ferromagnetic,
will be a paramagnetic and a diamagnetic substance
respectively. A magnet when brought close to them
(a) ellipse (b) circle will
(c) helix (d) straight line (a) attract N1 strongly, but repel N2 and N3
25. A long solenoid has 200 turns per cm and carries a weakly
current i. The magnetic field at its centre is (b) attract all three of them
6.28 × 10–2 Weber/m2. Another long solenoid has
100 turns per cm and its carries a current i/3. The (c) attract N1 and N2 strongly but repel N3
value of the magnetic field at its centre is (d) attract N1 strongly, N2 weakly and repel
(a) –3
1.05 × 10 Weber/m 2 N3 weakly

(b) 1.05 × 10–4 Weber/m2

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC– 17
AIEEE ANALYSIS [2007]

27. A charged particle with charge q enters a region of 30. A charged particle moves through a magnetic field
constant, uniform and mutually orthogonally field perpendicular to its direction. Then
 (a) kinetic energy changes but he momentum
E and B with a velocity v perpendicular to both is constant
E and B , and comes out without any change in (b) the momentum changes but the kinetic
 energy is constant
magnitude or direction of v . Then (c) both momentum and kinetic energy of
  the particle are constant.
(a) v  B  E / E2 (b) v  B  E / B2 (d) both, momentum and kinetic energy of
  the particle are constant.
(c) v  E  B / B2 (d) v  E  B / E2 31. Two identical conducting wires AOB and COD are
28. A long straight wire of radius ‘a’ carries a steady placed at right angles to each other. The wires AOB
current I. The current is uniformly distributed carries an electric current I1 and COD carries a
across its cross-section. The ratio of the magnetic current I2. The magnetic field on a point lying at a
a distance ‘d’ from O, in a direction perpendicular
fields at and 2a is to the plane of the wires AOB and COD, will be
2
given by
1 1 µ0 2 µ0 2
(a)
2
(b)
4 (a)
2d

I 1  I 22  (b)
2 d

I 1  I 22 
1/ 2

(c) 4 (d) 1
1/ 2
29. A current I flows along the length of an infinitely µ 0  I 1  I 2  µ0
long, straight, thin walled pipe. Then (c)
2  d 
(d)
2 d

I1  I 2 
(a) the magnetic field at all points inside the
pipe is the same, but not zero
(b) the magnetic field is zero only on the axis
of the pipe
(c) the magnetic field is different points
inside the pipe
(d) the magnetic field at any point inside the
pipe is zero

ANSWERS AIEEE ANALYSIS

1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. c 6. a 7. c
8. d 9. c 10. b 11. c 12. d 13. b 14. b
15. a 16. c 17. a 18. b 19. c 20. a 21. b
22. a 23. c 24. d 25. c 26. d 27. c 28. d
29. d 30. b 31. d

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 PMEC – 18
TEST YOURSELF

1. A dip circle is at right angles to the magnetic 8. The most suitable metal for making permanent
meridian. The apparent dip is magnets is
(a) 00 (b) 300 (a) iron (b) steel
(c) 60 0
(d) 90 0 (c) copper (d) aluminium
2. Which of the following in motion can NOT be 9. A circular coil of n turns and area of cross-section
deflected by magnetic fields ? A, carrying a current i, rests with its plane normal
(a) Protons (b) Cathode rays to an external magnetic field B. The coil is free to
turn about an axis in its plane perpendicular to the
(c) Alpha particle (d) Neutrons field direction. If the moment of inertia of the coil
3. A proton of energy 1 MeV describes a circular path about its axis of rotation is I, its frequency of
in a plane at right angles to a uniform magnetic oscillation about its stable equilibrium is given by
field of 6.28 × 10–4T. The mass of the proton is
1/ 2
1.7 × 10 –27 kg. The cyclotron frequency of the 1  niAB 
(a) f  
proton is very nearly equal to 2  I 
(a) 104 Hz (b) 105 Hz
1/ 2
(c) 106 Hz (d) 107 Hz 1  niA 
(b) f  
 2  BI 
4. The force F experienced by a particle of charge q
 
moving with a velocity v in a magnetic field B is 1  iAB 
1/ 2
   (c) f  
given by F = q( v × B ). Which pairs of vectors aree 2  nI 
at right angles to each other ?
    1/ 2
(a) F and v (b) F and B 1  nIAB 
(d) f  
2  i 
  
(c) v  B and v (d) all
10. A magnetized wire of magnetic moment M is bent
5. A straight horizontal conducting rod of length into an arc of a circle that subtends an angle of 600
0.5 m and mass 50 g is suspended by two vertical at the centre. The equivalent magnetic moment is
wires at its ends. A current of 5.0 A is set up in the
rod through the wires. What magnetic field should M 2M
(a) (b)
be set up normal to the conductor in order that the  
tension in the wires is zero ? Ignore the mass of the
wires and take g = 10 ms–2. 3M 4M
(c) (d)
(a) 0.1 T (b) 0.2 T  

(c) 0.3 T (d) 0.4 T

6. Two circular current carrying coils of radii 3 cm
and 6 cm are each equivalent to a magnetic dipole
having equal magnetic moment. The currents
through the coils are in the ratio of
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 2:1
(c) 22 : 1 (d) 4:1
7. An electron of charge e moves in a circular orbit of ANSWERS
radius r around a nucleus. The magnetic field due
to orbital motion of the electron at the site of the 1. d 6. d
nucleus is B. The angular velocity  of the electron
is 2. d 7. c

2µ 0 eB µ 0 eB 3. a 8. b
(a)  (b) 
4 r r 4. d 9. a

4rB 2rB 5. b 10. c

(c)  (d) 
µ 0e µ 0e

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi – 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111