Austronesian Migration

- Started more than 5000 years ago

- One of the greatest series of human migrations in the world
o Came from southern China to Taiwan and entered Philippines
o Populated the archipelago for more than 1000 years
o Traveled all over the world (China > TW > PH > Madagascar > Easter Island
o Austronesian speaking tuples (languages hears in PH, Indonesia, Malaysia, and other SEA
countries
- First Austronesian speaking Filipinos
o Arrived about 4000 years ago
o Most certainly came by boat
o Had to develop their methods of crossing sea, building canoes
o Expert seafarers and boat builders
o Developed the technology to navigate and cross the open seas
o Invented the Outrigger canoe, and the double hulled sailing canoe
- Some textbooks shows that they used land bridges to get to the Philippines but evidences show
otherwise
- Seafaring ability enable them to spread the Austronesian language during the Neolithic era
- Colonized the island of SEA and the Pacific
- More than 1200 languages are considered part of the Austronesian family spoken by more than 350
million people
- Boats and the sea played a central role in their beliefs
o Burial jar (Neolithic era)
 Found in Manunggul cave in Palawan
 Has the figure of a boat transporting the dead to the afterlife
 Shows how the sea dominated life and death
- Had their own beliefs long before they learned about Hindu, Islamic, etc.
- Homes reflect Southeast Asian concepts of the upper world, underworld, and the earthly realm
o Had spaces below for animals, rooms in the middle for humans, and shrines for ancestors in lofts
above
- Austronesian language speakers exude certain cultural traits that indicates a common origin and history
despite geographical distances
o Weaving of cloth using the back strap loom
o Chewing of betel nut chips
- Filipinos belong to the Austronesian people
o Carried out trade from one island to another (nephrite and jade artifacts from TW such as
bracelets, some fragments were found in Batanes)
o Lingling-o (type of earrings)
 Common in Igorots
 Found in Palawan, Malaysia, Vietnam, TW
 Concrete proof of common culture
- Believed to be the most widespread languages during 1500s
- PH played an important role in its spread
o Commerce prospered in the country several years ago
o Part of a shared cultural heritage

Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral

In Our Image – Colonial Days
-
MacArthur Liberates Manila (1945)
- PH Situation:
o Hundreds of US fighting ships in South China Sea destined for Luzon
o Skies of the Orient are of American skies
o Waters of Manila Bay not yet American based but graveyard of Japanese ships
- Suicide planes appear
o MacArthur strikes at Lingayen gulf
- MacArthur sets foot at the same area where Gen. Yamashita initially set foot in PH
- Filipino collaborators are captured
- Vicious Japanese troops still hold Manila south of the Pasig River
o Set fire on Escolta and Manila old streets
o Large Manila business districts are destroyed
- Church bells herald the end of the battle
- Filipinos welcome MacArthur and their freedom

Philippines Independence
- PH assumed the status of an independent nation after 48 years of American sovereignty
o July 4, 1946
- Independence was obtained through the voluntary action of the Americans
- PH is exceedingly poor after Japanese Occupation
o Will receive reparations and free trade concessions from US
- Newly elected president, Manuel Roxas, takes the oath as an American ambassador looks on
- MacArthur arrives with a special message
o “48 years ago, the American sovereignty held of this land and its people. It was the magnificent
sovereignty of the liberator, pledged to be withdrawn as soon as the wellbeing of the people
would safely permit. America never waivered in that purpose. America today redeems that
pledge. This land and this people that I have known so long, loved so well”

Papogi
- Politics is considered as an entertainment
- Politicians and Filipino Artists have nothing different between them
o People cheer for them
o Most famous politician = President
- Malacañang Palace
o Symbol of the highest office in PH
o People who get the privilege to live here, give out timely messages and offer different
personalities that may sometimes get caught by the people
- A lot of people have the ambition to live in the Palace
o A mixture of truths and lies
- We always seek for a hero or a leader who will defend the helpless, save us, and end our problems
o One who understands the plight of the many
 Problems remain the same
- Quezon, Marcos, and Magsaysay are the best in knowing and determining what the masses want to hear
and need to hear while making it believable
- Awareness, conviction, endearment = needed to succeed as a politician
- How to win the masses
o Handsome, charismatic, fashionable
o Personalize the fantasy of the people
o People should be mesmerized by your stance
 - Manuel Quezon
o Concept of Datu
o Called “Datu Puti”
o Understands what the people look for in a leader
 Not afraid and approachable
 Has enough dignity and does not get easily fooled by foreigners
o Effective in a sense that he was the model of all presidents until Marcos era
o Did not come from the elites
o Knows that the Filipinos are tired of being American slaves
 Showed that he was not afraid of the Americans
 He made his own press release
 When Governor General Leonard Wood visited his house, he was in ordinary clothes
 “Para alam niyang sa bahay na ito, ako ang hari”
o Borrowed the concept of mass media from the Americans and started its process (newspapers,
radios, cinemas)
o Fashionista > knew how to dazzle his audience
o Became the icon of succeeding presidential candidates
- We always stuck to the idea that the Whites are superior (beautiful and almighty) but never
acknowledged that we, Kayumanggis, are also beautiful
o Most of the people we idolize have white people features
 Evident not only in entertainment but most specifically in politics
- Even though we got liberated, injustices and poverty are still evidently present
o Huk rebellion of the farmers = The Rise of Magsaysay
- Ramon Magsaysay
o “Destroyed” the white-dominated corridors of power (Quezon, Quirino, Roxas)
o New to the eyes of the masses
o “Alam nating kapantay natin ang mga dayuhan. Ang kailangan niyong malaman sa Pilipinas ay
lahat kayo pantay-pantay. Lahat tayo, pantay-pantay.”
o Had a friendly hand for the poor and rich, alike
o “I believe that he who has less in life should have more in law”
o Insists on being a nationalist but uses an American strategy
 Used radios and newspapers to promote himself
o

Batas Militar