Professional Education
realia
Pre-Licensure Examination for Teachers
1. Which of the following group of materials is
considered to have the highest degree of
abstraction?
A. pictures, posters, and slides
B. plants, insects, and other specimens
C. educational televisions, film, and video
clips
D. friendly and business letters, novels,
newspaper clips
2. Which of the following factors should Mr.
Bautista primarily consider in his determination
of his teaching and learning objectives and in his
utilization of instructional materials?
A. assessment tools
B. nature of the learners
C. modes of material presentation
D. instructional activity and experiences
3. In instructional development, teachers state
objectives first because it helps them best in
A. operating the equipments to be used
for instruction.
B. securing available instructional
materials.
C. selecting which media to use best.
D. preparing materials beforehand.
4. Mrs. Gavina ensures that the illustrations she is
preparing for her class do not suggest messages
that can be interpreted in variety of ways.
Which of the following principles in media
selection and utilization guides her
development of instructional materials?
A. communication effectiveness
B. meaningfulness
C. authenticity
D. interest
5. The following statements are examples of good
practices in the use of printed visuals like charts,
graphs, and drawings EXCEPT for
A. Present the material one by one.
B. Students should pass the material
around for everyone’s benefit.
C. Print visuals should be seen by
everyone in a single presentation.
D. Provide written or verbal cues to
support important information that is to
be clearly understood in the visuals.
6. Prof. Balagtas plans to utilize audiocassettes in
his Literature class the next day. Which of the
following competencies does he want to
develop in his students?
A. Literary criticism
B. Literary appreciation
C. Short story composition
D. Auditory comprehension
7. Hector is asked to present a report regarding
the expedition of Christopher Columbus. He is
planning to deliver his report by making the
parts of his presentation partly hidden to make
it more interesting and exciting. Which of the
following materials should he probably use?
A. Video C.
B. Slides D. models
8. Ms. Runduin plans to tell a tall tale to her
students. She is planning to tell it in an exciting
progressing presentation by using a group of
transparent sheets placed over a base
transparency. Which of the following materials
is she planning to use for her storytelling?
A. Marionettes C. silhouettes
B. Puppets D. overlay
9. Mr. Delos Santos, a fresh graduate elementary
teacher is asked by the principal to help the
school develop resources for instruction so that
the school would have available materials for
the teachers to use. The principal described the
learners and the teachers in the school in terms
of abilities and attitudes. Which of the
following processes would you suggest him to
do so that he may be well guided in his
development process?
A. development – utilization – evaluation –
design
B. development – design – utilization –
evaluation
C. design – development – utilization –
evaluation
D. design – utilization – evaluation –
development
10. Ms. Henson wants to determine her teaching
and learning objectives for her science class the
next day. She also plans to think of a material to
use so that she could deliver her lesson with
efficiency. Which of the following factors should
Ms. Henson primarily consider?
A. instructional strategy
B. instructional activity
C. assessment tools
D. the learner
11. Mr. Binangonan brought real samples of leaves
when he discussed about differences of plants
through the leaves. Which of the following
principles BEST reflects his decision in the
selection of instructional media?
A. Interest C. responsiveness
B. Authenticity D. cost effectiveness
12. Prof. Duque would like to create a presentation
material for his lecture on the normal curve
distribution in statistics. To make his
presentation more efficient and effective, which
of the following tools should he utilize?
A. communicative tool
B. productivity tool
C. informative tool
D. situating tool
13. You grouped your students and asked them to
make a trailer for the novel they have read in
your Literature class. What tool could possibly
help the students in their project?
A. communicative tool
B. productivity tool
C. informative tool
D. situating tool
14. Teacher Silva used video excerpts in teaching
new economic concepts to her 4th year high
school class. However, as the clips are viewed,
the students seemed to have blank responses to
them. Students yawn and feel sleepy. There is
an ineffective utilization of the instructional
media in the classroom. In this situation,
educational technology is considered ineffective
because it
A. does not provide vicarious experiences
for the learners.
B. does not help attain the objectives of
the lesson.
C. induces alienation on the part of the
learners.
D. promotes passive reception of the
message.
15. Mr. Bautista wants to increase the proficiency of
his students in a newly learned skill and he
wants to refresh an existing skill in the learners.
Which of the following categories of computer-
assisted instruction or CAI should he use to
achieve his teaching objective?
A. instructional games
B. drill and practice
C. simulation
D. tutorial
16. Mr. Malaya is teaching a 3rd year high school
class in world history. The students need note
taking, outlining, and study skills. Which
strategy should she start to model, teach, and
have students practice first?
A. main idea
B. sequencing
C. reciprocal teaching
D. rhetorical patterns of expository texts
17. Teacher Sheila does a read-aloud and think-
aloud modeling several times a week in her first
and second grade classroom. Which of the
following strategies is she NOT modeling?
A. asking questions of the text, the author,
and self
B. making connections with the text
C. checking predictions
D. phonetic analysis
18. Mr. Rodrigo has several students in his fifth
grade class that need more strategies for
comprehension of texts. Which of the following
is NOT an effective strategy for him to model to
the students?
A. checking and modifying predictions
while reading
B. looking up vocabulary words during
reading
C. activating prior knowledge before
reading
D. using context clues for monitoring
19. Which of the following phonological and
phonemic awareness activities is considered to
have the LEAST level of difficulty?
A. substitutions, additions, and deletions
B. segmentation
C. blending
D. rhyming
20. Mrs. Gutierrez has students who are weak in
the use of structural analysis. Which of the
following words would BEST lend itself to the
development of the skill mentioned?
A. Cough C. fountains
B. Decided D. previewed
21. Mrs. Ilanan has a new kindergarten class and
needs to obtain some baseline data from her
students. She deems it necessary to assess her
students’ print skills. Which of the following
skills would NOT be included in this particular
assessment?
A. recognition of a capital letter
B. pointing the cover of a book
C. left-to-right orientation
D. word segmentation
22. Teacher A has found out that the results of the
curriculum that was implemented call for an
alteration in the set of objectives and
competencies. Which of the following
curriculum development stages does teacher A
want to happen?
A. curriculum planning
B. curriculum evaluation
C. curriculum change
D. curriculum improvement
23. Ms. Natividad, a classroom teacher, wants to
try-out to her class another strategy she has
learned from a seminar-workshop she has
attended. Which level of curriculum is shown in
this situation?
A. Societal C. instructional
B. Experiential D. institutional
24. Mr. Reyes, the principal of Bagumbato National
High School, opted to use the curriculum that
employs the integration of Music, Arts, P.E., and
Social Studies on a longer time block. This
situation clearly shows that the principal prefers
to use
A. core curriculum design.
B. correlated subjects design.
C. broad-fields curriculum design.
D. single-subject curriculum design.
25. The sub-processes of curriculum planning,
organization and designing, implementation and
evaluation sum up the process of
A. curriculum and instruction.
B. curriculum management.
C. curriculum development.
D. curriculum assessment.
26. When the aim of the curriculum is to provide
the learners with the needed skills in this ever-
changing world, the curriculum reflects the
belief that it should
A. provide learner’s with the knowledge
needed for social relevance.
B. perpetuate cumulative tradition of
organized knowledge.
C. provide avenues for the students to do
self-expression.
D. allow learner’s self-actualization.
27. The following statements are characteristics of
the subject-centered curriculum EXCEPT for
A. The main task is mastery learning.
B. The teacher has full control of the
lesson.
C. There is a high level of cooperative
interaction.
D. It covers much of the content in a short
span of time.
28. The phase of curriculum development which
involves a survey of the current needs of the
learners and the demands of society is
curriculum
A. planning.
B. evaluation.
C. organization.
D. implementation
29. Ms. Oliveros, a language teacher, has noticed
that Bryan, a diagnosed dyslexic child, has
already improved in his reading, writing, gross,
and fine motor abilities. She recommended to
her principal that Bryan should be learning in a
regular classroom. Which of the following does
the teacher want to happen?
A. Promotion C. inclusion
B. Intervention D. exclusion
30. When developers try to obtain relevant
information to be able to judge the worth of an
educational program, its product, procedures,
and objectives, the developers are in the
process of curriculum
A. planning. C. evaluation.
B. designing. D. alignment.
31. Johnny, a junior high school student, connected
his lesson on fractions with his Social Studies
lesson on land ownership during the time of
Feudalism. Which curriculum design element is
reflected in Johnny’s practice?
A. Articulation C. continuity
B. Integration D. balance
32. Teacher B wants to give his student the freedom
to choose what to learn and believe, and allow
the student to set his own identity and
standards. Teacher B clearly shows that he
believes in
A. Realism. C. Perennialism.
B. Idealism. D. Existentialism
33. A curriculum developer wants to combine
geography, civics and culture, and history to
complete the subject area of Social Studies. The
curriculum developer clearly manifests favor for
the
A. correlated subjects curriculum design.
B. broad fields curriculum design.
C. fused curriculum design.
D. core curriculum design.
34. Teacher C has found out that there was a
mismatch between the content she was
teaching in the class and the competencies
tested in the standards-based assessment (SBA)
given after a year of instruction. This situation
calls for curriculum
A. planning. C. alignment.
B. designing. D. implementation.
35. The following are characteristics of the
experience-centered curriculum EXCEPT for
A. The classroom activities are
cooperatively controlled by the learner
and the teacher.
B. The emphasis is on the holistic
development of the individual learner.
C. Education aims to develop a socially
creative individual.
D. Facts and knowledge are to be
mastered for future use.
36. The students’ first languages are to be the
medium of instruction during the first three
years of formal schooling both in the public and
private schools. Which of the following
stakeholders in curriculum development asks
for this requirement?
A. Parents C. publishers
B. teachers D. legislators
37. Mr. Delos Reyes believes that curriculum is not
concerned with what the students will do in the
learning situation, but what they will retain in
mind as a consequence of what they do. Which
of the following definitions or conceptions of
curriculum reflects the belief of Mr. Delos
Reyes?
A. Curriculum as Plan
B. Curriculum as Experience
C. Curriculum as Subject Matter
D. Curriculum as Result or Outcome
38. Mrs. Benitez, a school principal, has learned
that there is a new trend in the teaching of
Science and Mathematics. She immediately
planned for a seminar-workshop intended for
her faculty so that they may be updated with
the current trend. Which of the following
curriculum levels reflects this situation?
A. societal level
B. experiential level
C. institutional level
D. instructional level
39. Annie, a grade six pupil, has learned that she
remembers better when she uses graphic
organizers as study aids when she reviews
previous lessons. Which of the following
curriculum levels reflects this situation?
A. societal level
B. experiential level
C. institutional level
D. instructional level
40. An international body of educational
researchers has published a recent finding in
the use of Understanding by Design (UbD) in the
Philippine setting. The experts report that there
has been a significant progress in the
achievement of Philippine public high school
students. The government responds to
mandate the use of the framework. Which of
the following curriculum levels is responsible for
this affair?
A. societal level
B. experiential level
C. institutional level
D. instructional level
41. Administrative officials of a private school set a
day for the parents to have a conference with
their children’s teachers so that the parents
would know the current status of their children
in their classes. Which of the following
curriculum levels is responsible for this
practice?
A. societal level
B. experiential level
C. institutional level
D. instructional level
42. Mrs. Jimenez, an academic coordinator,
arranges the different subjects by identifying a
central theme so that there will be a meeting
point of ideas from different content areas.
Which of the following phases of curriculum
development does Mrs. Jimenez practice?
A. curriculum change
B. curriculum planning
C. curriculum organization
D. curriculum implementation
43. Mr. Quiteviz, a guidance counselor,
administered a psychological test to identify the
child’s ability, maturation, mental age, and
experiential background. The test that he
administered should BEST help curriculum
developers to decide on
A. time allotment.
B. grade placement.
C. curriculum content.
D. curriculum evaluation.
44. Mr. Calado, a private school owner, ensures that
the equipments and facilities of his school are
functional and safe for the teachers and
students to use. This situation implies that Mr.
Calado is in the process of
A. curriculum planning.
B. curriculum designing.
C. curriculum improvement
D. curriculum implementation.
45. Region IV-A and B administered a Standards-
Based Assessment (SBA) to know how their
schools perform against each other. The test
was done so that they could appropriate
funding for an educational intervention for the
least performing school. The regions clearly
manifest that they underwent
A. curriculum implementation
B. curriculum organization
C. curriculum evaluation
D. curriculum change
46. Mrs. Dumalanta admits that the current trends
in teaching that are suggested by experts do not
fit with her current classroom conditions for
instruction. Nevertheless, she devices a new
strategy to approach a classroom problem and
she anticipates an improved condition for her
class through this strategy. Which of the
following does the teacher manifest?
A. responsibility
B. accountability
C. innovativeness
D. professionalism
47. Mrs. Juntalon taught count nouns and non-
count nouns in the classroom. After the class,
when the pupils went home, Johnny, one of her
pupils, points to the sugar and says, “Non-
count, Mama!” Which of the following types of
curriculum is reflected in this situation?
A. tested curriculum
B. taught curriculum
C. written curriculum
D. received curriculum
48. Mr. Pinzon suggests that the curricular content
of Science should only include practical ways of
applying scientific principles into everyday
situations. Which of the following criteria for
curriculum organization and design is
considered by Mr. Pinzon?
A. Integration C. validity
B. Sequence D. scope
49. Which of the following is NOT a function of
curriculum evaluation?
A. Evaluation provides feedback to those
who are concerned in the students’
learning.
B. Evaluation serves as basis for curriculum
change and improvement.
C. Evaluation gives light to curriculum
misalignment.
D. Evaluation could serve as a disciplinary
measure.
50. Mrs. Elena, an academic coordinator, finds it
necessary for most subject areas to have their
contents be repeated across grade levels in
progressing degrees of difficulty and
contextualization. Which of the following
curriculum designs does she want to use?
A. broad-fields C. spiral
B. correlated D. core
51. Mr. Ventura, a Literature teacher, tries to enrich
the content of his lesson by identifying related
concepts in History and Art. Which of the
following reflects the pattern of organizing
subject matter that he utilized?
A. separate subject C. correlated
B. broad fields D. core
52. Too much use of technology under Bruner’s
symbolic mode does not guarantee
effectiveness to children at a very young age
because they
A. do not engage the learners’ active
participation in classroom discussions.
B. require tactile and manipulation skills
from the learners.
C. are not interesting.
D. are too abstract.
53. Which of the following is not included in
Bruner’s three modes of learning?
A. Inductive C. abstract
B. Enactive D. iconic
54. These are experiences that draw heavily on the
richest and most vivid sense impressions
involving feelings and perceptions as the young
learner embarks on exploring the world. Which
of the following refers to these experiences?
A. direct purposeful experiences
 B. dramatized experiences
C. contrived experiences
D. abstract experiences
55. Which of the following instructional media is
the LEAST abstract under the enactive mode?
A. role plays C. models
B. mock-ups D. realia
56. A diagram that illustrates the sequence of steps
that a learner might follow logically is called
A. pie chart. C. flow chart.
B. bar graph. D. pictograph.
57. A technique used to protect a visual material
from wear and tear by covering it with clear
plastic or similar substances is called
A. mimeographing. C. lamination.
B. duplication. D. simulation.
58. The equilibrium achieved when the elements in
a display are equally distributed on both sides,
either horizontally or vertically is called
A. emphasis. C. balance.
B. contrast. D. unity.
59. Which of the following statements BEST
articulates the reason why teachers use models
over real things as an instructional tool?
A. Models are more advanced and up-to-
date than real things.
B. Models bridge time and space,
therefore, economical.
C. Models provide direct purposeful
experiences.
D. Models are the best instructional tools
to use.
60. Which of the following refers to a learning
exercise which demands constant repetition
until behavior becomes desirable?
A. Gaming C. demonstration
B. Simulation D. drill and practice
61. Which of the following refers to inexpensive,
instructional resources which involve students
and teachers being engaged in planning and
preparing exhibits to be mounted in an
integrated, meaningful and attractive manner?
A. field trips C. teaching displays
B. role-playing D. simulation programs
62. Which of the following refers to the repeated
transmission of a message, possibly through
different channels, to overcome or bypass
distracting noises?
A. Feedback C. redundancy
B. Channeling D. communication
63. A grade one teacher made lines on her
chalkboard. The lines seem to be like a grade
one pad paper which contains a blue-red-blue
sequence. Which of the following is the BEST
reason for the teacher’s instructional designing?
A. Different colors draw the children’s
attention to the teacher and the lesson.
B. The lines require the learner’s control of
their fine and gross motor skills.
C. The teacher can write on the board with
perfect alignment.
D. Dull chalkboards make any lesson
boring to the learners.
64. Mr. Leopoldo is hesitant to integrate computers
in his Mathematics instruction because he fears
that he might press a wrong key in the
keyboard. He thinks that he might damage both
the hardware and the computer program
installed in the computer. Which of the
following factors affecting resistance to change
in media utilization does he exhibit?
A. Technophobia
B. Lack of integration ideas
C. Inhibition of human conduct
D. Lack of local production ability
65. Which of the following is a limitation of printed
materials?
A. They require little technological
expertise and maintenance.
B. They provide a common resource for all
students to follow.
C. They require self-paced or
individualized learning.
D. They are usually written for a national
audience.
66. Which of the following is considered as strength
of drawings over photographs?
A. They are more attractive to learners.
B. They have a higher degree of realism.
C. Children prefer to view drawings rather
than photographs.
D. Drawings deliver less crowded
messages and they are less ambiguous
than photos.
67. In the bottom-up perspective, a reader could
read a text when he/she
A. uses his prior knowledge to make sense
of the text.
B. selects only the meaningful segments in
the text.
C. can translate the visual symbols to their
aural equivalent.
D. relates the text to other texts previously
read.
68. Which of the following reading skills or
strategies is the closest to outside-in processing
or reading?
A. inferencing
B. outlining
C. predicting outcomes
D. structural analysis
69. Before a reader could read the WORD, he must
learn to read the WORLD first. This statement
implies that
A. students or readers must know the
names of the letter first before they will
know what the word means.
B. readers must know the sounds of the
letters first before they will know what
the word means.
C. words are only representations of the
concepts that the child or reader knows
before encountering the print.
 D. the text supplies the readers with the
necessary knowledge they need to
make sense of the print.
70. Teacher A explicitly teaches his/her students the
rhetorical patterns of an informational text
taken from a science textbook. Which of the
following does the teacher want to develop in
the reader?
A. print skill
B. content schemata
C. formal schemata
D. vocabulary knowledge
71. Teacher B uses the timeline as a graphic
organizer to teach the readers to understand a
given expository text. Which of the following
organizational structures might be the one used
in the exposition of the text’s information?
A. cause and effect
B. comparison and contrast
C. enumeration-description
D. sequence or procedural
72. Teacher C has presented a reading lesson to her
students. The lesson went on for a span of a
week. After a day or two, when the teacher
introduced a new lesson that requires them the
knowledge of the previous lesson, the students
no longer remember it. What could be the
cause of this problem?
A. There was a lack of constant drill and
practice given by the teacher.
B. The text used and the instruction given
in the previous lesson is within the
students’ independent level.
C. There was a lack of activities that
integrate the students’ background
experiences to the text presented.
D. The text used and the instruction given
in the previous lesson is within the
students’ instructional level.
73. A reader was asked to fill in words to the
sentences that are found inside the box below.
Which of the following cueing systems did the
reader fail to consider?
The candy is in the sweet. It’s in the
inside bowl.
A. graphophonic cues
B. syntactic cues
C. semantic cues
D. pragmatic cues
74. A reader read the word “plan” with a
pronunciation like “plane” in the sentence, “It’s
my plan to sail across the ocean.” The deviation
of the reader in reading the text can be
explained by the reader’s use of
A. syntactic cues
B. semantic cues
C. graphophonic cues
D. pragmatic cues
75. An office secretary encoded her boss’s
memorandum for the company’s employees.
The boss returned the memo to the secretary
along with the note, “Please justify this!” The
secretary felt bad and wanted to resign
immediately because she thinks that it’s not her
job to explain the contents of the memo. What
cueing system did the secretary fail to consider?
A. Graphophonic C. semantic
B. Syntactic D. pragmatic
76. A reader was asked to read the sentence found
inside the box below. Instead of reading the
word “moved”, he substituted it with the word
“ran”. Which of the cueing systems could have
interfered his reading so that he manifests such
a deviation from the text?
The car moved fast.
A. graphophonic cues
B. syntactic cues
C. semantic cues
D. pragmatic cues
77. Which of the following refers to the movement
of the eyes across a line of text?
A. Saccades C. clustering
B. Fixation D. regression
78. A reader was asked to read a short story. When
the reader started reading the text, he
encountered several words that are unfamiliar.
He tried to pause for a moment and tried to
convert the word from visual to aural. Which of
the following physiological correlates of
effective reading does the reader evidently
practice in this situation?
A. saccadic movements C. fixations
B. return sweeps D. clustering
79. The following are the reasons why fixation is not
encouraged at times EXCEPT for
A. Fixation allows readers to think of the
meaning of a word encountered.
B. Fixation slows down fluency.
C. Readers are given the chance to do
subvocalization when they fixate.
D. Too much fixation results to poor
comprehension.
80. It refers to the learned ability to see words in
groups rather than as individual words.
A. Subvocalization C. fixation
B. Regression D clustering.
81. You asked a group of students to read a passage
silently. After a minute of observation, you
noticed that they are moving their lips as they
do saccadic movements along the page. Which
of the following terms refers to the practice that
you have observed from your students?
A. Subvocalization C. fixation
B. Regression D. clustering
82. You asked your students to silently read the
passage you have prepared for them. The
passage is all about arthropods. As a student go
over his passage, you noticed that he sweeps his
hands along the page. After a while, his
eyebrows met, as if he doubts what the passage
is all about. You noticed that he made return
sweeps to the text in a backward manner, as if
 trying to search for a previously read word. This
situation implies that the reader is doing
A. regression. C. fixation.
B. saccades. D. subvocalization.
83. Regression is BEST when the reader uses it as a
means to
A. search for keywords in a text.
B. monitor comprehension when the text
seems not to make sense.
C. read a passage all over again.
D. highlight important lines in the text for
retrieval purposes.
84. Teacher D entered the classroom and posted
images that she has taken from the story she is
about to tell the students. Before she started
telling the story to the class, she grouped the
students and asked them to make a story out of
the pictures posted on the board. Which of the
following approaches reflects the practice of the
teacher?
A. Explicit Phonics
B. Basal Approach
C. Embedded Phonics
D. Language Experience Approach
85. Teacher E entered the classroom and showed a
list of word families like cat, mat, fat, rat, pat,
and bat. This practice clearly shows that the
teacher employs
A. Whole-language approach.
B. Language experience approach.
C. Literature-based approach.
D. Phonics approach.
86. A student asked the teacher to tell him the
meaning of the word
“disestablishmentarianism”, which is found in
the text that the student read. Instead of
explicitly stating the meaning of the word, the
teacher asked the student to segment the word
and look for its base word, prefix, and suffixes
so that they may construct the meaning of the
word through these word parts. Which of the
following vocabulary strategy did the teacher
use to help the students arrive at the meaning
of the unfamiliar word?
A. semantic feature analysis
B. semantic mapping
C. structural analysis
D. context clues
87. You were given a long passage to read in a short
period of time. Along with the passage, you
were also asked to answer questions regarding
the text you are to read. Which of the following
reading strategies should you use to successfully
meet your aim?
A. Skimming C. close reading
B. Scanning D. summarizing
88. You want your students to give you a detailed
account of what they have understood from the
story you have all read in the classroom. Which
of the following assessment measures, tools, or
procedures should you use to meet your goal?
A. think-aloud
B. cloze procedure
C. miscue analysis
D. retelling
89. A teacher wants to know the current functional
reading level of a student in her reading class in
terms of word recognition. Which of the
following assessment measures, tools, or
procedures should the teacher use to meet her
aim?
A. think-aloud
B. miscue analysis
C. standardized tests
D. informal reading inventory
90. You want to know the quality of responses the
students make as they process a text while they
are in the act of audibly reading it. You
recorded their reading and found out that they
stop at times and give personal reactions to the
text. Some of the students’ reactions are even
stated in their mother tongue. Which of the
following assessment tools or procedures refers
to this practice?
A. think-aloud C. standardized tests
B. miscue analysis D. cloze procedure
91. You want to know the range of your students’
vocabulary, graphophonic knowledge, syntactic
knowledge, semantic knowledge, and pragmatic
knowledge by filling in gaps within a given
information. Which of the following should you
use to achieve your goal?
A. think-aloud C. standardized tests
B. miscue analysis D. cloze procedure
92. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development, a child belonging to the
sensorimotor stage does not see things in
abstraction. Consequently, as instruction of
mathematics to young children, the
A. abstract stage should succeed the
concrete stage.
B. abstract stage should precede the
concrete stage.
C. use of concrete objects may not be
necessary.
D. use of pictures may not be essential.
93. Which of the following circumstances reflects an
individual under the integrity versus despair
stage of Erikson’s theory?
A. A person develops a self-concept that
he or she can accept and is pleased with
his or her role in life and what he or she
produces.
B. A person is satisfied with his status
among his or her peers in work skills.
C. The individual is able to work positively
and creatively.
D. He or she is sure of his or her own
identity.
94. Rubi and Maribel are identical twins, who were
orphaned and raised separately by their
relatives who belong to different socio-
economic status. After 15 years, there was a
difference in their academic performance and
achievement. Which of the following explains
the difference that occurred?
 A. Difference in intelligence.
B. Difference in heredity.
C. Difference in nurture.
D. Difference in nature.
95. Ruben acquired knowledge and skills through
constant conversation and sharing of his
experiences to his parents, older siblings, older
cousins, and teachers. Which of the following
theories illustrates the situation mentioned?
A. Psychosocial Theory
B. Sociohistoric Theory
C. Cognitive Theory
D. Learning Theory
96. Cheating is a continual predicament during
examinations. Andy, a second year high school
student, observed that during their final
examination, several of his classmates cheated.
Though he noticed this, he did not cheat.
Which stage of Kohlberg’s theory does Andy
exhibit?
A. Universal ethical principle orientation
B. Good boy, Nice girl orientation
C. Social contract orientation
D. Law and order orientation.
97. Learning should be aided by formulating and
asking questions so that
A. the teacher will know the students who
can communicate very well.
B. the students will be given the chance to
do the same thing.
C. students will earn a good grade in
recitation.
D. students will develop their self-
confidence.
98. Mr. Natividad considers his students’ ages in
presenting certain content and in modeling
certain cognitive processes. Which of the
following principles of learning does Mr.
Natividad follow?
A. Principle of learning aided by
formulating and asking questions
B. Principle of presenting challenging tasks
C. Principle of learning by doing
D. Principle of readiness
99. Which of the following statements DOES NOT
support the idea on individual differences?
A. Help should be extended to both the
gifted and retarded.
B. Involve all students regardless of what
the activity is.
C. Use varied activities for a difficult
lesson.
D. Consider the uniqueness of each
student.
100. A teacher should provide positive
feedback and realistic praises
A. so the students will also praise him or
her.
B. to be liked and loved by the students.
C. so the students will know what to do.
D. to encourage the students to study.
101. Mrs. Karaan, an English teacher, pointed
out to the students the specific elements in
making coherent paragraphs or compositions.
Which of the following elements of
observational learning is demonstrated in this
situation?
A. Attention C. motivation
B. Retention D. production
102. Mrs. Gunigundo observed that Delfin is
very shy and he happens to be a transferee. He
does not like to participate in class activities.
Which of the following means should be the
BEST option for her?
A. Converse with him to understand him
better.
B. Ask one of his classmates to be his
friend.
C. Make him the leader in a group activity.
D. Call on him to recite always.
103. A teacher should do a series of
observations, and not just a single observation
to be able to make a conclusion concerning an
individual’s behavior because it
A. helps one to see the consistency of the
exhibited behavior.
B. lets one to check if the modeled
behavior was mimicked correctly.
C. is better to see the individual display
different behavior at different times.
D. is not always possible to draw accurate
conclusions by single observations.
104. In which stage in Erikson’s theory is an
individual in if he learns to win recognition by
being productive and his work becomes
pleasurable and he learns to persevere?
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation
105. Mr. Bendo is currently teaching his
class. He observed that his students keep on
asking for his permission so that they could go
out of the room and drink water from the
drinking fountain. He, himself, feels the same
way as his students because of the warm
weather. Which of the following principles
rationalizes the students’ behavior?
A. One of the basic needs of man is water.
B. The body tends to maintain a state of
equilibrium called homeostasis.
C. The needs of an individual are the same
for all individuals in order to grow and
develop.
D. Development is the product of the
interaction of the organism’s heredity
and its environment.
106. Jun and Jan are fraternal twins. Jun is
an introvert while Jan is an extrovert. Jun likes
to eat pizza while Jan likes cake. On the other
hand, Jan gets good grades while Jun contends
himself with fairly good grades. Which of the
following principles DOES NOT apply in this
situation?
A. Development is a product of the
interaction of the organism and its
environment.
 B. Development patterns show wide
individual differences.
C. No two individuals are alike.
D. Each individual is unique.
107. Ben keeps on sucking his thumb until he
turns 12. His needs during his oral development
were not gratified so he underwent stage
fixation. This circumstance that Ben undergoes
can be explained by
A. Psychosocial Theory.
B. Psychoanalytic Theory.
C. Social Learning Theory.
D. Cognitive Development Theory.
108. Ms. Gonong handles a class of
kindergarten composed of six-year-olds. She
observes that John plays with his penis. Freud
purports that children in this stage have
matured to the point that their genitals have
become an interesting and sensitive area of the
body. The stage that corresponds to the
phenomenon that John displays is called
A. Latency period. C. Phallic stage.
B. Genital stage. D. Anal stage
109. Mrs. Vergara asked Jenny to clean their
classroom. Jenny obeyed her teacher. While
Jenny was sweeping the floor, she found a purse
near the teacher’s table. Jenny decided to
surrender the purse to Mrs. Vergara. This
situation shows that Jenny’s moral orientation
in Kohlberg’s theory is in the stage of
A. Law and order orientation.
B. Social contract orientation.
C. Good boy, nice girl orientation.
D. Universal ethical principle orientation.
110. Benito comes to school on time because
it is one of the school’s rules and regulations.
Aside from that, he does not want to interrupt
their class by being tardy. Which level of
Kohlberg’s theory about morality does Benito
manifest?
A. Postconventional C. Conventional
B. Preconventional D. Universal
111. Lisa is now in grade two. She tries her
best to perfect her exams and avoids doing
something wrong. Prior to grade two, she
always perfects her exams in grade one and
receives extra allowance from her parents
everytime she makes it to the top of the class.
Nevertheless, she was reprimanded everytime
she commits error in class. Lisa’s current
behavior in grade two was brought about by
A. Cognitive learning.
B. Associative learning.
C. Operant conditioning.
D. Classical conditioning.
112. Ranilo is a transfer student and he feels
uncomfortable and apprehensive with his new
school. His teacher is very accommodating,
approachable, warm, and caring. Ranilo felt
comfortable with his teacher’s display of
genuine warmth. There is a consistency in the
teacher’s manner and Ranilo begins to associate
school with the teacher’s warmth. Which of the
following theories is reflective of this kind of
situation?
A. Observational learning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Operant conditioning
D. Meaningful learning
113. Which of the following should BEST
enhance the learning of preschoolers?
A. Make activities too easy, simple and can
be done for a short period of time.
B. Use colorful, attractive and challenging
materials.
C. Activities should be hands-on and not
written.
D. Always give reward and never punish.
114. The mother of Robert got angry with
him because he disobeyed her. He joined his
circle of friends in their trip, one which the
mother thought was dangerous. If Robert did
not join the trip, he will be considered an
outcast by his group. Which of the following
characteristics of adolescents did Roberto
manifest in this situation?
A. Adolescents know that their parents
could give them pardon even if they
commit mistakes.
B. Adolescents’ priority is focused on the
demands of their peers rather than
their parents.
C. Adolescents do not mind other people
as long as they are happy.
D. Adolescents are care-free and happy-
go-lucky individuals.
115. Gina and Rina, who are grade three
pupils, observe Ms. Alfero, their teacher, after
taking her lunch. They observe her brush her
teeth, comb her hair, and powder her face.
After several days, the girls did the same things
that Ms. Alfero did after eating her lunch. This
scenario only tells that children
A. learn by doing.
B. learn by repetition.
C. learn by observation.
D. like to display the same behavior like
adults.
116. Shiela found a wallet in the canteen.
She gave it to the canteen manager. The
canteen manager appreciated her deed. Which
of the following would most likely be the
behavior that Shiela will display every time she
finds something that is not hers?
A. She would always return whatever she
finds.
B. She will not return the things she finds.
C. Give the things she finds to others.
D. She will keep the things she finds.
117. If Mr. Bautista wants to increase the
abilities of his students in solving more complex
problems, which of the following provisions
should he give his students?
A. problems that match appropriately to
students’ level of thinking
B. stimulation reduction so as to increase
attention to the task
 C. increase drill and practice with simple
problems
D. correct answers all the time
118. Mrs. Dela Rosa requires her grade one
pupils to use big pencils in writing. She
discourages the use of small pencils and
ballpens. Mrs. Dela Rosa clearly believes that
A. small pencils and ballpens are thin and
have pointed writing edges, which
might be dangerous to very young
children.
B. big pencils are easy to hold because fine
muscles at this stage are not yet fully
developed.
C. small pencils and ballpens make small
prints, which are difficult to read.
D. big pencils make big prints, which are
easier to read.
119. Mr. Diego, a computer teacher, lets his
students explore the computer on their own.
Which of the following principles does he
exhibit to believe in?
A. Learning is aided by formulating and
asking questions.
B. Concepts should be presented in varied
ways.
C. Effort is put forth when tasks are
challenging.
D. Children learn by doing.
120. Teacher Celia believes that students
learn with pictures. Nevertheless, her
continued use of pictures for succeeding days of
instruction made her students feel bored
towards the lesson she presents. Which of the
following principles of learning did she forget to
consider?
A. Effort is put forth when tasks are
challenging.
B. Concepts should be presented in variety
of ways.
C. Learning is aided by formulating and
asking questions.
D. The principle of readiness is related to
the learner’s stage of development and
their previous learning.
121. Aling Berta is 60 years old but still
experiences depression in her educational
achievement. She feels that the time is too
short for an attempt to start another life and to
try out alternative roads to integrity. In which
stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory does Aling
Berta belong?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
B. Generativity vs. Stagnation
C. Ego Integrity vs. Despair
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
122. For the students to produce correctly
the /f/ and /p/, Ms. Manzano reads-aloud
clearly the two lists of words written on the
board, one with /f/ sound and the other with
/p/ asking them to focus on her sound
production including the formation of her lips.
Then, she asks the class to repeat after her, read
on their own, and later do tongue-twisters. Ms.
Manzano clearly utilizes
A. inductive method.
B. deductive method.
C. direct-instruction.
D. concept-attainment.
123. After several observation of cluttered
garbage in the trash bin, Mr. Bumaat, the TLE
teacher, challenged his students to think of
ways to convert the trash into something useful.
With his guidance, the students brainstormed of
varied things that they could produce using the
garbage. Some came up with purse and bags,
others with door decorations which they
proudly displayed on the door of their
classroom for judging and appreciation of
teachers and other students. Which of the
following methods was employed in this
instructional situation?
A. problem-solving method
B. cooperative learning
C. laboratory method
D. project method
124. The method that allows the students to
engage in constructive activity making them
develop creativity, independence, sense of
responsibility, and pride in their own work while
responding to a real-life problem is
A. problem-solving method.
B. laboratory method.
C. research method.
D. project method.
125. Ms. Consuelo aims to train her students
to formulate or generalization based on careful
studying, observing, comparing, and analyzing
of examples and cases presented. Which of the
following methods would you suggest her to
use?
A. inquiry method
B. inductive method
C. lecture-discussion method
D. concept-attainment method
126. Which of the following practices can be
considered an example of expository teaching?
A. The teacher presented examples for
students’ analysis to be used as basis for
the formulation of rule or definition.
B. The teacher allows the students to do
an experiment to find answers to their
own questions.
C. The teacher engaged the students to a
listening activity to acquire information
not provided in the textbook.
D. The teacher engaged the students in a
constructive activity that will enhance
their creativity.
127. Mrs. Tismo, a TLE plans to teach dress
making to her students. She plans to show the
parts and functions of the sewing machine and
how it works by using the machine herself.
What method would you suggest her to use?
A. Experimentation C. inquiry
B. Demonstration D. lecture
128. Teacher Roman is presently teaching
chemical change and is executing his lesson by
doing the following steps: presenting a
question, forming hypotheses, gathering of
data, analysis of data and then generalizing
their findings. Which of the following
instructional methods is he using?
A. Demonstration C. inquiry
B. Interview D. lecture
129. Which of the following is NOT
considered an essential aspect of instruction?
A. Learners should learn with appropriate
level of input from the environment.
B. Learners need to know how they are
getting along with each other.
C. Learners must function in the right kind
of social relationship.
D. Learners must always work in his unique
and individual way.
130. Ms. Dee, a preschool teacher, carries
out learning through activities like sorting of
objects, categorizing them according to colors,
shapes, size, and identifying examples and non-
examples. Which of the following methods
reflects her instructional practice?
A. discussion method
B. concept teaching
C. lecture method
D. inquiry method
131. Mr. Leviste wants his students to
acquire the most reliable information about
certain scientific discovery from an expert.
What best experience should he hold his
students in?
A. lecture-demonstration
B. independent study
C. interview
D. field trip
132. Several of Mr. Bautista’s students
consistently scored low in their objective tests.
However, they were the same students who led
group activities, who wrote excellent insight
journals, and submitted creative and unique
projects. Which of the following assessment
measures allows the use of these evidences as
bases in determining the students’ class
performance?
A. performance-based assessment
B. portfolio assessment
C. journal assessment
D. pen-and-paper tes
133. Mr. Gabao taught the students how to
multiply whole numbers through
demonstration. Which of the following tests
should he prepare to determine who among the
students have learned the process of
multiplication?
A. formative test C. diagnostic test
B. placement test D. summative test
134. Mrs. Asistio wants to know her
students’ ability to explicate a poem and
organize their ideas into a coherent whole.
Which of the following types of test would you
suggest her to employ?
A. short-answer test
B. multiple choice
C. sentence completion
D. essay
135. Mrs. Collado gave a test in Science
which requires the students to name the 50
laboratory equipments placed on the tables
lined up inside their classroom. Each student is
given 10 seconds to name an equipment before
she instructs them to move to another item.
Which of the following tests did she administer?
A. short-answer test C. mastery test
B. multiple choice D. speed test
136. Mr. Duque needs to revise the multiple-
choice item found inside the box below. If you
are to help Mr. Duque in his revision, which of
the following choices would you revise or
modify and why?
What do you call the union of the egg and the
sperm cells?
A. communion
B. reproduction
C. ovulation
D. fertilization
A. Choice A because it has no relation with
the other choices.
B. Choice C because it gives the clue to the
answer.
C. Choice B because it is a different
process.
D. Choice D because this is obviously
correct.
137. Mrs. Mendoza prepared activities which
will make her grade 4 pupils sing, play, dance,
talk, learn and introduce themselves to the class
because it is the first instructional day of the
year. She believes that these activities will help
the pupils to be at ease with each other. Which
of the following processes does the teacher
emphasize?
A. Acculturation C. enculturation
B. Indoctrination D. socialization
138. Which of the following practices
establishes a desirable relationship between the
teacher and other groups of people?
A. The principal does her own means of
campaigning for cleanliness in and
outside the school; he never gets
involved with the same nature of
campaign sponsored by the barangay
officials where the school is situated.
B. Mr. Genaro feels that the barangay
council is against his plans that’s why he
does not consult the council even if
there is requirement to do so.
C. A teacher declined the request of the
barangay council to have her as a
witness to a child’s moral conduct in
school because the child was suspected
of bullying other children in the
barangay.
 D. A newly appointed principal in a
barangay school calls on the barangay
chairman as a courtesy.

139. The teaching and learning of religion

and values clearly manifest the use of the
process of
A. acculturation.
B. assimilation.
C. indoctrination.
D. enculturation.
140. Public officials and employees are
entitled to specific privileges from the
government. Which of the following situations
portray that an action is legal but is not moral?
A. Buys the latest and the most expensive
car model for his department
B. Reverts back to the public fund the ten
percent commission due him
C. Does his or her job without getting
favors from the client he/she serves
D. Takes the most economical fare in going
about his execution of duties
141. Which of the following best
demonstrates or exemplifies a sense of
responsibility that a professional teacher is
expected to have?
A. Teacher A is humble.
B. Teacher A has a pleasant disposition.
C. Teacher A makes good use of his time.
D. Teacher A tutors own student for a fee.

Prepared by:

Prof. Judy “Jude” C. Bautista

Faculty
Department of Professional Education
Philippine Normal University, Manila
©2010