Mekanisme Kerja Hormon

Hormone Action
• Efek primer pada sel ( ikatan hormon –
reseptor spesifik): hormone–receptor
complex
• H-R complex → effector system → signal
transducing mechanism → biochemical
process(es) pada sel
Hydrophilic hormone
Hormone–receptor complex: meningkatkan
aktivitas enzim protein kinase
 Gomplex activates G-protein
• H-R complex: activates G-protein →
activates a membrane-bound enzyme
(e.g. adenyl cyclase, which converts ATP
to cyclic AMP).
Mechanism of receptor-mediated activation/inhibition of AC
α2-adrenergic receptor
receptors for somatostatin and opioids.
Heterotrimeric G-protein α-subunit subfamilies
and their effects
 Small G Proteins and the Ras
Family
• A subset of the general class of G proteins
is often referred to as the small G proteins.
This is a large superfamily of proteins
grouped into subfamilies called Ras, Rho,
Arf, Rab, and Ran.
• They have been found to play roles in
growth and differentiation mechanisms,
cell motility, and transport of material
through the cell.
CREB (cyclic AMP response element binding protein),
Phospholipase C
 Membrane-bound phospholipase
• Hydrolisa: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2)
→ dua messenger ,
– inositol trisphosphate (IP3)
– diacylglycerol (DAG)
Cyclic AMP cont….
cyclic AMP signalling
Calcium Ion as a Second
Messenger
 PROTEIN KINASES
1. Transmembrane receptor kinases :
receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)
ATP : phosphorylate specific tyrosine enzymatic
(amplification step).
2. serine/ threonine protein kinases
ATP to phosphorylate specific serine or threonine.
• phosphorylation cascades :
one kinase phosphorylates another → MAP kinase
kinase kinase. (mitogen-activated protein
kinase that phosphorylates MAP kinase
kinase)
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
 RTK

Signal transduction:
MAPkinase aktif
– plasma : Cytoskeletal components
– Nukleus : Transkripsi
Prot kinase C and Prot kinase B (ERK)
Nukleus : Transkripsi
Sign tran RTK..
The Ras-activated MAP kinase cascade
Tyrosin kinase
 Cyclic GMP

• Cyclic GMP: berasal dari GTP dengan

bantuan enzym guanylyl cyclase (activate
: atrial natriuretic factor)
Hydrophobic hormone
intracellular receptor
Steroid stimuli : genomic - non-genomic
Complex activates a gene (transcription factor)
 DNA sequences :
hormone response elements (HREs)
Stimuli for enzyme-linked receptors
.
Calcium
Glycogen synthase: Otot Rangka
NO and cyclic GMP signalling
 Referensi
• MURRAY, R. K., BENDER, D. A., BOTHAM, K. M., J, P.,
KENNELLY, RODWELL, V. W. & WEIL, P. A. (2009) Harper’s
Illustrated Biochemistry, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
• VOET, D., G.VOET, J. & PRATT, C. W. (2008) FUNDAMENTALS
OF Biochemistry :LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
• KOOLMAN, J. & ROEHM, K.-H. (2005) Color Atlas of Biochemistry,
New York, Thieme.
• JAIN, J. L., JAIN, S. & JAIN, N. (2005) FUNDAMENTALS OF
BIOCHEMISTRY, NEW DELHI, S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.
• Fry Mitchell, 2010 Essential biochemistry for medicine, Oxford, John
Wiley & Sons Ltd
• Michal Gerhard and Dietmar Schomburg (ed), 2012, Biochemical
Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• W.NORMAN, A. & L.HENRY, H. 2015. Hormones. London, Elsevier
Inc.