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January 2015
December 2014
November 2014
October 2014
September 2014
August 2014
July 2014
Where:
June 2014
ηIsen = Isentropic efficiency
May 2014
h1 = Suction enthalpy calculated at P1, T1, and composition (zi)
April 2014
h2 = Discharge enthalpy calculated at P2, T2, and composition (zi) March 2014
h2Isen = Isentropic discharge enthalpy at P2 (or T2), S2Isen =S1, and composition (zi) February 2014
January 2014
= Mass flow rate
December 2013
The computation compressor efficiency or power involves two steps
November 2013
1. Determination of the ideal or isentropic (reversible and adiabatic) enthalpy change (h2Isen-h1) of the compression
process.
October 2013
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May 2010
April 2010
March 2010
February 2010
Solving the above equation for the polytropic path coefficient (n): January 2010
December 2009
November 2009
October 2009
September 2009
August 2009
July 2009
Similarly, the actual discharge temperature based on a polytropic path can be estimated (ηPoly) by:
June 2009
May 2009
April 2009
March 2009
February 2009
January 2009
The isentropic head is calculated by
December 2008
November 2008
October 2008
September 2008
August 2008
Similarly, the polytropic head is calculated by July 2008
June 2008
May 2008
April 2008
March 2008
February 2008
For an isentropic (reversible and adiabatic) process the power is calculated by January 2008
December 2007
November 2007
October 2007
September 2007
August 2007
Or for a polytropic process the power is calculated by July 2007
June 2007
May 2007
April 2007
March 2007
February 2007
Alternatively: January 2007
December 2006
November 2006
October 2006
September 2006
Where:
August 2006
Head = Compressor head, m (ft)
July 2006
Power = Compressor power, kW (HP) June 2006
R = Universal gas constant, 848 kg-m/(kmol-K) or (1545 ft-lbf/(lbmol-°R)) May 2006
PS = Standard condition pressure, kPa (psia) April 2006
P1 = Suction pressure, kPa (psia) March 2006
February 2006
P2 = Discharge pressure, kPa (psia)
January 2006
TS = Standard condition temperature, K (°R)
December 2005
T1 = Suction temperature, K (°R)
November 2005
T2 = Discharge temperature, K (°R) October 2005
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qS = Gas volumetric rate at the standard condition, Sm3/d (scf/day) September 2005
Za = Average gas compressibility factor = (Z1+Z2)/2 August 2005
Z1 = Gas compressibility factor at the suction condition July 2005
June 2005
Z2 = Gas compressibility factor at the discharge condition
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Table 1. Measured temperature and pressure for the three stages of compression
Table 2. Gas analysis and flow rate for the three stages of compression
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* Calculated
The process flow diagram shown in Figure 1 was simulated by ProMax software [5] to perform the rigorous calculations
using the SRK EOS. The program calculated polytropic and isentropic efficiencies, heads, and compression power. The
program also calculated the isentropic path exponent (k), and polytropic path exponent (n). These calculated results are
presented in Table 2 for all three stages under SRK headingings. The calculations performed by ProMax are very similar
to the step-by-step of a through h described in the rigorous section. Table 2 also presents the shortcut caculation results
for the corresponding values under the shortcut heading. The shortcut calculations are based on the step-by-step of a
through f described in the shortcut method section. The error percent between the rigrous method and the shortcut
methods for each stage are presented in Table 2, too. Table 2 indicates that excellent agreements are obtained for stages
1 and 2. However, larger deviations are obseved for the isetropic and polytropic exponents of stage 3 due to high pressure
operation which deviated too far from ideal gas state conditions.
Conclusions
Table 2 indicates that there are good agreements between the shortcut and the rigorous results. The differences between
the rigorous and shortcut method results for facilities calculations and planning purposes are negligible. For stage 3, due
to high-pressure operation and deviating too far from the ideal gas state condition, a larger error is observed for the
isentropic exponent (k).
The calculated isentropic exponent (k) in the ProMax [5] is not the ideal gas state heat capacity (CP/CV) ratio. It is the
value of the isentropic exponent that is required to yield an isentropic path from inlet to outlet. Its value is calculated as an
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integration of that path. Thus it is somewhat of an “average” value representing the true isentropic path. For ideal gases,
the value would be equal (CP/CV) ratio.
This error in ‘k’ also illustrates the importance of specifying which correlation is to be used when ordering a performance
test (ie, refer to ASME PTC-10 for additional details), so that client and vendor are on the same agreement moving
forwards with regard to molecular weight (MW) and k for the test fluid. For further detail refer to reference [6] and August
and September 2010 TOTMs [7, 8].
It may also be worth noting that when trending ‘n’ and the polytropic efficiency to evaluate machine condition, the relative
accuracy of measurement instrument/equipment (temperature and pressure transducers) and mapping of compressor
performance to the original performance curve (actual gas volume flow rate vs speed), introduces many potential
erroneous sources into this daily evaluation.
Note that the accuracy of the shortcut methods is dependent on the values of k and n. The definition of average
temperature in the shortcut method was adjusted to obtain a better match between the isentropic path exponent (k)
calculated by rigorous method.
To learn more about similar cases and how to minimize operational problems, we suggest attending our G4 (Gas
Conditioning and Processing), PF4 (Oil Production and Processing Facilities), ME46 (Compressor Systems–
Mechanical Design and Specifications) and ME44 (Fundamentals of Pump and Compressors Systems), courses.
PetroSkills offers consulting expertise on this subject and many others. For more information about these services, visit
our website at http://petroskills.com/consulting, or email us at consulting@PetroSkills.com.
Reference:
1. Maddox, R. N. and L. L. Lilly, “Gas conditioning and processing, Volume 3: Advanced Techniques and Applications,”
John M. Campbell and Company, 2nd Ed., Norman, Oklahoma, USA, 1990.
2. Campbell, J.M., Gas Conditioning and Processing, Volume 2: The Equipment Modules, 9th Edition, 2nd Printing, Editors
Hubbard, R. and Snow–McGregor, K., Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, Oklahoma, 2014.
3. Soave, G., Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 27, pp. 1197-1203, 1972.
4. Peng, D. Y., and Robinson, D. B., Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., Vol. 15, p. 59, 1976.
5. ProMax 3.2, Bryan Research and Engineering, Inc, Bryan, Texas, 2014.
7. Honeywell, J. “Important Aspects of Centrifugal Compressor Testing-Part 1”, Tip of the Month, August 2010
8. Honeywell, J. “Important Aspects of Centrifugal Compressor Testing-Part 2”, Tip of the Month, September 2010
23 comments
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2. Francis says:
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7/31/2018 How to Estimate Compressor Efficiency? | Campbell Tip of the Month
December 28, 2015 at 9:30 am
Please may I know the equation seven. I cannot find the formula for calculating the polytropic path exponent(n).
Please can u write the formula for calculating polytropic path exponent
Reply
Laurent says:
February 25, 2016 at 8:37 am
Reply
Dr. Mahmood Moshfeghian says:
February 27, 2016 at 9:54 am
Laurent:
You are correct, both temperature and pressure ratios should have been ln(T2/T1) and ln(P2/P1).
Thanks.
Reply
3. Daniel says:
April 22, 2016 at 3:51 am
Hello, used these equations with preos… did not work, gave me an efficiency of 4000…
Reply
4. Ray Fang says:
April 25, 2016 at 9:32 pm
CAE350 compressor analyzing system is a low cost portable system to test the capacity,power efficiency and unit
air consumption of the compressor
Reply
5. Panos says:
June 17, 2016 at 4:19 pm
Here is the link of a new article, which describes the rigorous calculation of the polytropic efficiency based on
thermodynamics of real gases. A comparison with data shown on this website (!) can also be found, under:
http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/tjj.ahead-of-print/tjj-2016-0029/tjj-2016-0029.xml?format=INT
Reply
Arif says:
November 2, 2016 at 12:55 pm
Reply
Arif says:
November 2, 2016 at 12:56 pm
Reply
6. Norman Day says:
September 7, 2016 at 3:21 pm
Reply
7. Norman Day says:
September 7, 2016 at 3:25 pm
Reply
8. TRILOK SINGH says:
February 19, 2017 at 5:22 am
Reply
9. TRILOK SINGH says:
February 19, 2017 at 5:23 am
Reply
10. Rodney A. Olsen says:
April 21, 2017 at 5:15 am
Compressor efficiency is very important factor for any business. Thanks for sharing this detailed calculations.
http://www.zahroofvalves.com
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Reply
11. Faisal says:
May 1, 2017 at 5:55 am
I built an air compressor with a quick return mechanism and a bike pump. So obviously it is a single stage
compressor. But for the calculation of efficiency should I follow these equations? If I want to neglect the
temperature change(too low) which equations should I follow?
Reply
M. Azarakhshi says:
July 1, 2017 at 8:30 am
Reply
12. Greg Janse van Vuuren says:
May 17, 2017 at 1:32 pm
Would these equation work for an oil injected twin rotary screw compressor?
Reply
13. prathima says:
July 4, 2017 at 3:48 am
when I try to calculate the polytropic exponent with the T1 = 40.6, T2 = 129.4, P1 = 793.1, P2 = 2275.9 the n =
1.808666. but in the table the value is n = 1.3097. Please clarify me why i am getting wrong.
Reply
14. Ankit says:
August 17, 2017 at 2:27 am
I tried using the same formulas for calculating the compressor efficiency but results are good in one case but in
other cases error is more than 20 %.
Efficiency was calculated for high pressure compressor with suction pressure 60 kg/cm2.
Reply
15. nurse says:
September 5, 2017 at 8:23 am
Did you design this weЬsite yourself оr did yоu hire someone t᧐ do it
for you? Plz reply as I’m looking to create my own blog and would like
to find out wһere u got this from. kսdos
Reply
16. M.Haris says:
December 1, 2017 at 11:59 pm
can anyone please help that how to calculate the efficiency of rotary screw air compressor..????
Reply
17. Martin says:
June 14, 2018 at 3:40 pm
Reply
Dr. Mahmood Moshfeghian says:
June 18, 2018 at 9:38 am
The correlation of heat capacity ratio (Eq 3) is valid for light hydrocarbon mixtures. It is not valid for air. Air
heat capacity ratio is about 1.4 in the range of -40 deg F to 200 deg F.
Reply
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