h2s Napt - TRNG - M - 002

Company Solas Marine Services CO. L.L.
C Course: Basic H2S Training

Document No: SMS-TRNG-M-001 Revision No: 1 Date 6th November 2013
Revised By: Sairam Prasad M Designation: H2S Safety Engineer
SOLAS MARINE SERVICES CO. L.L.C

(SOLAS)
Course Module
Basic Hydrogen Sulphide Training
Document No
SMS-TRNG-M-001
1
Prepared By: Sairam Prasad M Designation: H2S Safety Engineer
Approved By: Devesh Alva Designation: Division Manager
File Name: SMS-TRNG-M-001 6th November 2013
Company Solas Marine Services CO. L.L.C Course: Basic H2S Training
Amendment Record
Amendment Date Pages Changed By Checked By Approved By

February 2009 Various Bhushan Tejpal Devesh Alva
October 2011 Complete Bhushan Tejpal Devesh Alva
March 2013 Complete Bhushan Tejpal Devesh Alva
**Amendment includes powerpoint presentation**
Name Title Signature

Bhushan Rai Lead Engineer
Tejpal Bangera Branch Manager
Devesh Alva Division Manager
Review
Review Date Name Position Actions Approval
1st January 2014
Glossary
H2S Hydrogen Sulphide

EBA Emergency Breathing Apparatus
SCBA Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
PPM Parts Per Million
A.7 Duration of Training Program
Content Optimum Contact Time (Hours)

Registration and Safety Not included (10 Minutes)
H2S Introduction (Properties/Characteristics) 60 Minutes
H2S Occupation Exposure Limits 20 Minutes
H2S Health Effects 40 Minutes
Detection Systems 30 Minutes
Breathing Apparatus 60 Minutes
Cascade Connections 50 Minutes
Total Contact Time 260 Minutes
2
C.2 Trainer/Delegate Ratios
Module Delivery Method Ratio

1 Basic H2S Theory 1:16
Demonstrations 1:16
Personal Detection Equipment 1:8
Escape Breathing Apparatus & Cascade 1:8
Academy Introductions
Reference: Academy Introductions

Subject: Introductions
Manner of Instruction: Theory by Explanation
Resources: Power Point Presentation, SOLAS Training Package
Time Frame: 15 Minutes Inclusive Academy Tour
Instructors: Rachan Poonja and Sairam Prasad
Training Location: Classroom
Training Method: Instructor Demonstration & Facility Tour
This section is a requirement of Solas Marine Services co L.L.C. H2S for all
course modules.
Solas Marine Services co L.L.C. H2S opening slide. Slide 1
- Welcoming to SOLAS H2S Course Module

- Course Attendance Document Handout
Slide 2
Solas Marine Services co L.L.C. H2S Instructor Introductions.
- Instructor Introduction
- Assistant Instructor Introduction
Solas Marine Services co L.L.C. H2S Safety Brief and First Aid Information. Slide 3
- Academy Operations taking place during the SOLAS H2S Module

- Mobile Phone Policy (Ring Tones, BBM, Text Messages and Emails)
- Food & Drinks Policy (Assigned Areas)
- Prayer Times
- First Aid (First Aiders and First Aid Locations)
- Special needs
Solas Marine Services co L.L.C. H2S Facility Layout and Evacuation Procedure. Slide 4
- Classroom location (Exit doors provide mapping)

- Alarm Information (Visual & Audible)
- Nearest Emergency Exit
- Secondary Emergency Exit
- Muster Stations
- Prayer Facilities
- Canteen Facilities
3
- Wash Room Facilities

- Relaxation Areas
- No go zones
On completion of the facility layout, delegates shall be provided a five (5) minute
tour of the facility.
Reference: Appendix 1
Subject: SOLAS Introductions
Manner of Instruction: Theory by Explanation
Resources: Power Point Presentation, Solas Training Package
Time Frame: 10 Minutes
Instructors: Rachan Poonja and Sairam Prasad
Training Location: Classroom
Training Method: Instructor Demonstration & Facility Tour
SOLAS Reference Appendix 1 SOLAS Information
H2S Course Module SOLAS Specific Requirements
Introduction Contents
- SOLAS Customer Care Statement

- SOLAS Assessment Process
- SOLAS Appeals Procedure
- Certification
Slide 5
Customer Care Statement
SOLAS Marine shall ensure all persons attending Basic H2S Training course
modules will:
- Treated in a courteous manner at all times

- Receive all training in a safe environment
- Receive all training in a controlled environment
- Have their competence assessed by qualified assessors
- Training limited to a maximum of 16 delegates
Please contact SOLAS on +97143241700 or on the following

Email:info@solasmarine.com, Web: www.solasmarine.com
Slide 6
Assessment Process
Where a delegate does not demonstrate competence during the training programme,
further training will be given.
If, after further training a delegate does not demonstrate competence, the delegates
number and details of further training needs shall be entered in the course records
and the delegate deemed “Not Yet Competent”.
Assessment shall be by Oral Communication, Written and Demonstration
4
Appeals Procedure: Slide 7
Appeals should in the first instance be submitted to the Division Manager of

SOLAS Marine Services CO. LLC.
Further Appeals:
Please contact SOLAS on +97143241700 or on the following

Email:info@solasmarine.com, Web: www.solasmarine.com
Section A : Basic H2S Training
A.1 Target Group
This Basic H2S Training Target Group is personnel that are or could be, working
in an environment that has been contaminated by H2S Gas.
A.2 Delegate Pre-Requisites
There are no pre course requisites required for this Basic H2S Training Course.
A.3 Physical and Stressful Demands of the Course (Appendix 1)
Training and/or assessment activities contained within this Standard may include
physically demanding and potentially stressful elements. All personnel who
participate in such activities must be physically and mentally capable of
participating fully.
Therefore SOLAS-approved training centre’s are required, as a minimum, to ensure

that prior to participating in practical exercises the delegate either:
a) Possess a valid, current offshore medical certificate or

b) Possess an operator approved medical certificate, or
c) Undergoes medical screening by completing an appropriate medical screening
form provided by the SOLAS-approved centre (a list of medical conditions which
could be included in a medical screening form is available from SOLAS).
The SOLAS-approved Centre shall keep a record of the delegate’s/candidate’s

declaration of fitness in accordance with their document control policy(s) or
procedures.
This information, along with summary details of the type of physical activities the
delegate/candidate will be asked to perform, will be given to delegates/candidates
by the SOLAS-approved Centre and, if applicable, to their sponsoring company as
part of the joining instructions. The responsibility for declaring any current or pre-
existing medical conditions that could have adverse effects to the individual’s state
of health while undertaking the training and/or assessment activities lies with the
delegate/candidate and/or company sponsoring the delegate.
Where doubt exists regarding the fitness of any delegate/candidate, the SOLAS-
approved Centre should direct the individual to consult a medical officer familiar
with the nature and extent of the training.
5
Note: Practical exercises should be designed and delivered solely to meet this
standard, and must not place on the delegates any physical or mental demands
other than those required to meet the Standard.
A.4 Delegate Performance Assessment
Delegates attending this training and assessment programme will be given a series
of explanations and demonstrations which will identify what they are expected to
know and do. This will be followed by practical exercises, which will allow
delegates to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding and emergency
response skills.
Delegates will be assessed against the learning outcomes using direct observation,
and oral and written questions as appropriate.
Delegates will be given a 30 minute written exam on completion of the training.

Refer to Appendix 2 for sample Assessor’s Checklist.
Training providers must have a documented procedure in place for dealing with
persons not meeting the stated learning outcomes.
Module 1 – Basic H2S Training
Introduction Slides 9-10
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) is a gas that can be created by Natural Biological

processes or by human activity and poses a serious threat to people or assets
because of its extremely toxic and corrosive properties. It is important therefore,
for Oil & Gas personnel to be competent in emergency response practices
necessary for them to stay and work in an environment with potential exposure to
H2S gas
Purpose Slide 11
The purpose of this Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S Training Module is to provide

delegates with the necessary knowledge, skills and ability to work safely in an
environment where H2S may be present and to respond to a H2S emergency. On
successful completion of this course module delegates shall be issued with
certification valid for one year.
Aims & Objectives Slide 12
The aims and objectives of this H2S course module is to ensure that the
delegates/trainees gain the required knowledge and understanding of the particular
hazards and properties of H2S, and appropriate emergency response actions to take
should a H2S related incident arise.
6
Learning Outcomes Slide 13
During this Basic H2S Course, delegates shall be required to demonstrate their
skills and understanding of the following key areas:
To successfully complete this training delegates must be able to explain:
- Hydrogen Sulphide – How it is formed and where it is found

- Other names used to describe H2S
- Properties and Characteristics of H2S
- Parts per million (PPM) as a measurement parameter
- Occupational Exposure Limits
- Factors affecting individual susceptibility to H2S
- Types of Detector Equipment
- Types of Respiratory Equipment
- Pre-use checks of personal detection devices and escape breathing apparatus
(EBA)
To successfully complete this training delegate must be able to demonstrate: Slide 14
- Operating personal H2S detection equipment (Checks)

- Responding to an alarm
- Donning and operating (inclusive of checks) an escape breathing apparatus
(EBA) with a mask within 30 seconds
- Donning and operating (checks) and EBA with hood within 30 seconds.
- Connecting to a pressurized cascade breathing system with an activated EBA
which has been donned correctly
- Disconnecting from a pressurized cascade breathing system with an activated
EBA, which has been donned correctly.
Element 1.1 H2S Hazards, Emergency Response Action and Apparatus Slides 15-17
1.1.1 H2S Gas, Its Common Names and where it is ordinarily found
Hydrogen Sulphide is a molecule composed of one atom of Sulphur and two atoms
of Hydrogen. It may be produced through various chemical processes, but for the
oilfield we are concerned with natural production. The Hydrogen Sulphide we find
is produced by the anaerobic (without oxygen) breakdown of proteins and Sulphur
containing hydrocarbons by bacteria. These bacteria may have been present when
the oil was formed, or may be introduced by such activities as water flooding. The
bacteria join the hydrogen and Sulphur atoms to produce the Hydrogen Sulphide.
Chemical name: Hydrogen Sulphide

Chemical formula: H2S
2 atoms hydrogen and 1 Sulphur: 2H+1S =H2S
7
Common Names Slide 18
Hydrogen Sulphide is most commonly referred to by its chemical composition “H

2 S”, but you may also hear or see it referred to as;
Stink Gas
Sour Gas
Rotten Egg Gas
Danger Gas
These common names are all derived from Hydrogen Sulphides smell at very low
concentrations.
Slides 19-22
Sample slides of commonly found H2S environments
1.1.2 The Physical Properties and Characteristics of H2S
Toxicity Slides 23-24
H2S is an acutely toxic gas at concentrations over 700 PPM. At very low
concentrations (as low as 2 PPM) it will have a rotten egg smell, but at slightly
higher concentrations, it will deaden the sense of smell. This is important as
Hydrogen Sulphide is considered dangerous at a concentration of 10 parts per
million (10 parts per million or PPM is 0.001 % in air), can kill you over 100 PPM
with extended exposure, and will rapidly incapacitate and kill you above 700 PPM.
This gas is considered acutely toxic, as the effects are immediate.
Measurement of H2S Slide 25
The “parts per million” or “ppm” scale is used to measure the concentration of H2S
in the area. It divides the total into 1,000,000 parts and tells us the concentration of
the substance we are looking at. The smallest unit we can measure is one part per
million.
Heavier than Air Slides 26-28
H2S has a vapour density, which is 1.189 times that of air. This
Means that it is roughly 19% heavier than air. Being heavier than air, H2S will
collect in low-lying areas. Even small leaks then can accumulate to a
dangerous level. Be aware if mixed with other gases and released under high
temperatures or pressures, H2S can be initially carried upwards and then
settle. This is the case while venting from tanker cargo tanks.
H2S is 1.189 times heavier than air
8
Flammability
Slides 29-30
Flammability - The Auto-Ignition Temperature for H2S is 500F\260C. When
H2S burns it produces Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), which is also toxic, irritating to the
eyes and lungs and can cause chemical pneumonia after a few hours exposure. SO2
is even heavier than H2S. We do not consider SO2 as dangerous as H2S mainly
because it has an extremely bad smell and long before you reach a deadly level the
smell will have warned you and driven out of the area to your Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE).
H2S will auto ignite and turn to SO2 at a Temperature of 500F\260C.

Calculations are as follows
1.8 x 260 + 32 = 500 – Celsius to Fahrenheit
500 – 32 / 1.8 = 260 – Fahrenheit to Celsius
Explosive
Slides 31-33
The explosive range for H2S is 4.3% - 46% by volume in air. This means that the
gas will ignite very violently at this concentration in air and exposed to an ignition
source. The figure 4.3% or 43,000 PPM is the Lower Explosive Limit. Below this
level there is an insufficient gas concentration to be explosive. The figure 46% is
the Upper Explosive Limit. Above this level, the gas is too rich (not enough
oxygen in the air) to support ignition. In comparison to H2S, the explosive range
of natural gas is much larger.
Solubility
H2S is soluble in water and most liquid hydrocarbons. When mixed with water it Slides 34-35
produces a weak sulphuric acid. This interaction causes H2S to be irritating to
your eyes, throat, respiratory tract and lungs as it mixes with the water on your skin
or in your body. Also, be aware that if a liquid containing H2S in solution is
agitated or raised in temperature the H2S may be released from solution as H2S
gas.
Corrosive
Slides 36-38
In solution, H2S speeds up general corrosion and loss of wall thickness through
electrolytic action. This will cause Hydrogen Embrittlement in hard steels, and
Sulphide Stress cracking in softer steels. The process is the creation of hydrogen
ions, which migrate into the metal and form hydrogen atoms, which in turn put
extra pressure on the metal from inside the steel. This process is then repeated and
cracks appear. Hard steel is then prone to breakage and softer steels show hairline
cracks
9
1.1.3 Common definitions such as parts per million (PPM) and occupational & Slide 39
workplace exposure limits (OEL/WEL)
TWA = 10 PPM. This is the maximum safe concentration of H2S. You can work
in this concentration for 8 hrs/day 5 days/week without any additional respiratory
protection.
IDLH = 100 PPM. You are not permitted to enter an IDLH atmosphere at any
time. ERT members may enter an IDLH environment, but only under controlled
situations and using the BUDDY system at all times
As the production from most local Oil Companies averages above 1% H2S, Oil
Companies consider that any detection of H2S requires work to stop and for
personnel to carry out emergency procedures. Additionally, any activity-taking
place in an environment at or above 10 PPM requires the use of breathing
apparatus.
Course Interval
1.1.4 The physiological effects of exposure to H2S Slides 41-43
Effects are dependent upon;
- The concentration you are exposed to

- Duration of the exposure
- Frequency of your exposure
- Individual susceptibility / physiological factors such as - age, weight, fitness,
smoker or non-smoker.
Signs and Symptoms
- Olfactory Paralysis
- Excitement
- Eye Irritation
- Coughing
- Headaches
- Sneezing
- Nausea
- Irritation of the Respiratory System
- Diarrhoea
- Dizziness
- Respiratory Arrest
- Confusion
- Brain Damage
- Cardiac Arrest
10
Toxicity Chart for H2S Slide 44
1.1.5 How H2S is detected and the use of onsite & personal detection equipment
Slides 45-46
Types of Detection Equipment
- Personal Detectors
- Portable Detectors
- Fixed Detectors
Instructor shall demonstrate the types of detectors available by demonstration for

personal and portable. Fixed shall be demonstrated by PowerPoint.
Personal gas detectors should worn by all personnel working in open process/plant
areas where there is the potential of gas being present.
They are usually for detecting one specific gas
Personal Gas Detector:

Slides 47-49
• Shall be worn at all times
• Recommended to be worn around the waste
• Perform a Self Test everyday
• Range 0-100 ppm
1.1.10 Referenced for Training Staff Demonstration of H2S Personal Detection

Equipment – Pre Use & Operation
Alarms:
• Visual
• Audible
• Usually gives 3 or more different readings.

• Oxygen levels, LEL levels and
• A toxic gas (e.g. H²S) level.
• Have larger detection ranges than personal monitors.
Used by Authorized Gas Testers to check possible hazardous environments or

leaks prior to commencement or continuation of work.
Fixed Monitors
Fixed detectors are permanently installed in a chosen location and provide

Continuous monitoring of plant and equipment.
They are particularly useful where there is the possibility of a leak into an
enclosed or partially enclosed space where flammable gases could accumulate
11
1.1.7 The types of respiratory equipment available including escape breathing

Slides 50-54
apparatus (EBA) & self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and the important
of correct fit of the mask.
Emergency breathing apparatus (EBA)
The emergency escape breathing apparatus set is designed to offer safe

evacuation from hazardous environments. They provide a short-term air supply
(10 – 15) minutes and are simple to use.
Self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
A self contained breathing apparatus or SCBA, sometimes referred to as a

compressed air breathing apparatus is a device worn by rescue workers or fire
fighters to provide breathable air in an environment immediately dangerous to
life and health (IDLH).
Instructor shall provide a visual demonstration of the EBA and SCBA.
Emergency Breathing Apparatus
- Check your unit is at your work place.

- Ensure access is unobstructed.
- Make regular spot inspections
BA CHECKS
- Check the unit is fully charged.

- Properly packed.
- Clean and dry.
Make sure your set is ready for immediate use
MASK CHECKS
- Visual Inspection of Mask Body

- Check for any CUTS in the Visor
- Check for any BROKEN Straps, clips
- Face seal is not DEFORMED
- Inner Mask Checks
- Testing of Inhalation & Exhalation Valves
- Leakage Test
12
1.1.8 Actions to be taken in the event of an alarm Slide 55
In the event of a H2S Alarm your immediate actions are:
- Hold your breath.

- DON your 15-Minute ESCAPE SET. (MSA, SABRE)
- SELF HELP
- Perform your required duties as per the emergency procedure.
- Make your way to your assigned MUSTER AREA, and report casualties or
personnel left behind, if you have seen any
- Turn your H2S CARD and attach to the CASCADE SYSTEM
- Await further instructions from the muster co-coordinator
Responding to an Alarm – Reference 1.1.11 Slides 56-61
Cascade System Slide 62
The cascade system is a bank of air bottles that supplies a long term air supply and
thus protection for working in hazardous areas and at muster stations where
exposure to H2S may be possible
Connection
- Plug BA into Cascade manifold.

- Check connection is firm.
- Turn off cylinder valve to preserve remaining air in cylinder.
Only disconnect if given the all clear or if proceeding to Lifeboat to abandon

vessel
Mask Type and Hood Type Instructor Demonstration
1.1.9 The role of response teams in an emergency and their use of SCBA Slide 63
The role of the emergency response team (ERT) is to respond to personnel exposed
to H2S. On arrival to your assigned muster station information shall be given to
the muster coordinator on victims of H2S.
- Muster Coordinator
- Control Room
- Emergency Response Team Leader
- Emergency Response Team Members
13
Slide 64
Training Staff Demonstrations
- H2S Personal Gas Detectors
- Responding to an Alarm
- EBA fitted with a mask – pre-use checks and operations
- EBA fitted with a hood – pre-use checks and operations
- Method of connection to a pressurised cascade air supply with an activated

EBA which has been DONNED correctly
- Method of disconnection from a pressurised cascade air supply
- With an activated EBA which has been DONNED correctly
Delegates to practice and demonstrate
Practical Demonstrations – Course Close Out
D.2 – Periodicity
The interval between the initial training and further assessment will be determined
by the employing company. The validity of the SOLAS certificate is one year.
Note: Some individual companies require re-validation at intervals more frequent

than that required by SOLAS; in these instances it will be acceptable for training
providers to omit or modify the expiry date to avoid confusion. However the
validity period will remain as set by SOLAS with regard to the central register and
the industry as a whole.
14

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Company Solas Marine Services CO. L.L.

C Course: Basic H2S Training

SOLAS MARINE SERVICES CO. L.L.C

Amendment Date Pages Changed By Checked By Approved By

**Amendment includes powerpoint presentation**

Name Title Signature

Tejpal Bangera Branch Manager

Devesh Alva Division Manager

H2S Hydrogen Sulphide

A.7 Duration of Training Program

Content Optimum Contact Time (Hours)

C.2 Trainer/Delegate Ratios

Module Delivery Method Ratio

Reference: Academy Introductions

Solas Marine Services co L.L.C. H2S opening slide. Slide 1

- Welcoming to SOLAS H2S Course Module

- Academy Operations taking place during the SOLAS H2S Module

- Classroom location (Exit doors provide mapping)

- Wash Room Facilities

SOLAS Reference Appendix 1 SOLAS Information

H2S Course Module SOLAS Specific Requirements

- SOLAS Customer Care Statement

- Treated in a courteous manner at all times

Please contact SOLAS on +97143241700 or on the following

Assessment shall be by Oral Communication, Written and Demonstration

Appeals Procedure: Slide 7

Appeals should in the first instance be submitted to the Division Manager of

Please contact SOLAS on +97143241700 or on the following

Section A : Basic H2S Training

A.1 Target Group

A.2 Delegate Pre-Requisites

A.3 Physical and Stressful Demands of the Course (Appendix 1)

Therefore SOLAS-approved training centre’s are required, as a minimum, to ensure

a) Possess a valid, current offshore medical certificate or

The SOLAS-approved Centre shall keep a record of the delegate’s/candidate’s

A.4 Delegate Performance Assessment

Delegates will be given a 30 minute written exam on completion of the training.

Module 1 – Basic H2S Training

Introduction Slides 9-10

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) is a gas that can be created by Natural Biological

The purpose of this Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S Training Module is to provide

Aims & Objectives Slide 12

Learning Outcomes Slide 13

To successfully complete this training delegates must be able to explain:

- Hydrogen Sulphide – How it is formed and where it is found

To successfully complete this training delegate must be able to demonstrate: Slide 14

- Operating personal H2S detection equipment (Checks)

Chemical name: Hydrogen Sulphide

2 atoms hydrogen and 1 Sulphur: 2H+1S =H2S

Common Names Slide 18

Hydrogen Sulphide is most commonly referred to by its chemical composition “H

1.1.2 The Physical Properties and Characteristics of H2S

Toxicity Slides 23-24

Measurement of H2S Slide 25

Heavier than Air Slides 26-28

H2S is 1.189 times heavier than air

H2S will auto ignite and turn to SO2 at a Temperature of 500F\260C.

1.1.4 The physiological effects of exposure to H2S Slides 41-43

Effects are dependent upon;

- The concentration you are exposed to

Signs and Symptoms

Toxicity Chart for H2S Slide 44

Amendment includes powerpoint presentation