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2. Corn Cobs (without kernels) – can be coarsely ground and fed to cattle up to 45% of total
ration. It contains 45% total digestible nutrients and 3% crude protein. Although containing
higher crude fiber, it is more digestible than rice straw.
Housing
Proper housing is important in successful cattle fattening operation. Adequately protect animals
against the adverse effects of weather when they are raised in relatively small areas. Animals in
backyard cattle farms are usually tethered along roadsides and in backyards during the day and
confined in a shed or corral at night.
The permanent type of housing consisting of GI roofing, timber frames, concrete floor, feed
trough and water troughs are used in most farms. The shelter is open-sided and is located near
the farmer’s house or under the shade trees. Building height ranges from 1.7 to 1.9 meters
while the width varies from 2.1 to 2.7 meters. Each animal can be allocated with 1.5 to 4.5 sq.
meters. The plan of the cattle shed is presented below.
Properly handle animals during transport to the market to prevent serious injury or even death.
See to it that animals are safely loaded. Avoid steep ramps. Do not lift animals bodily into the
truck. A gradually sloping ramp with side railings is advisable. To ensure better footing see to it
that animals do not slip and fall during transport. Provide adequate rice straw or rice hall
beddings. Remove all protruding objects such as nails and splinters from trucks. Also, check for
cracked or missing boards that may injure the animals.
Overloading and underloading of trucks cause crippling and bruising of animals. Load them
quietly and gently. Pushing or sticking them may cause stress, resulting in weight loss and
lower profits. It is better to transport animals in the evening if trucks are not covered.
The market for beef cattle is classified into three groups: consumers, processors and
institutional buyers. The last group include hotels, restaurants, burger joints, fastfood chains,
cafeterias, supermarkets and hospitals.
2a. Cause :
o Common bacterial disease characterized by hemorrhage (escape of blood from the blood
vessels) and septicemia ( a condition manifested by the generalized presence of
pathogenic bacteria and the associated poisons in the blood). The disease is rapid in onset
and runs a relatively short course.
2b. Transmission:
3a. Description:
o Anthrax is a peracute disease characterized by septicemia and sudden death with the
exudation of tarry blood from the natural body openings. It is a dis- ease virtually of all
warm-bloodied animals, including man.
3b. Transmission:
o Direct Contact -Spread from one animal to another, wherein the bacili are excreted in the
urine, feces, saliva and from the natural body openings contaminating the area
o Ingestion
o Indirect transmission through airborne via respiratory tract (inhalation) or vector borne
through stable files and mosquitoes.
3c. Cause:
o Control by immunization
o Proper disposal of dead animal by burning or deep burial. Quicklime should be used to
cover the body before covering with soil. The depth should be 2 meters.
o Decontamination of all contaminated pens, feeding materials, beddings, etc.
o Avoid contact with infected animals and contaminated animal by- products
o Reduce movement of animals
o Quarantine infected areas
o Practice environmental and personal hygiene
o Control insects and flies
o Notify the proper authority in case of outbreak.
source: www.gov.ph