DIESEL POWER PLANT TITLE

9/19/2018 Diesel power plant (Principle, Component, Layout, Applications)
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Diesel power plant (Principle, Component,

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Diesel power plant
A diesel power plant or standby power station is the plant when we use diesel engine as a
prime mover or combine a diesel engine with an electric generator to produce

electrical energy by using diesel fuel or liquid fuels like natural gas.
It’s generally a compact station so it can be located when we actually require it.
And the diesel power plant produces limited amounts of electricity.
also as an emergency supply station for many countries; and as diesel plant produces
power in the range of 2 to 50 MW; So, We can use it as standby sets to supply peak load of
hospitals, radio station, telephone exchanges, industries, cinema theatres, and very
suitable for mobile power generation, railways and ships.
Diesel power plant working principle:
The working principle of the diesel power station is very simple; as we compress the air in
a cylinder to raise the temperature, then we burn the diesel inside the engine and the
combustion produces the working uid at high_temperature and high_pressure to
convert the heat energy into mechanical energy.
And as the diesel engine acts as a prime mover it rotates the rotor of the electrical
generator and converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy.
This working principle is a working cycle done by the processes: intake, compression,
expansion, and exhaust.
Components of diesel power plant:
The diesel power station consists of many components used to achieve the best of the
plant let’s illustrate:
Engine: it’s the main part of the plant which used to produce power, it may be of
the two-stroke or four strokes.
Fuel supply system: it consists of a storage tank where we store the oil supplied to
the plant, all day fuel tank where the oil pumped for usage, strainer which used to
remove suspended impurities of the oil, and fuel injection (transfer) pump which
used to inject the clean oil into the engine.
Strainer: it’s used to remove solid impurities from the oil transferred from the
main tank to small dry tank through this strainer.
Air intake system: it’s used to remove the dust particles from the atmospheric air
to supply fresh air to the engine for combustion, it may be dry (or oil) bath lter
or oil immersed lter, and it consists of pipes to supply the fresh air and lters to
remove dust particles from the air.
Exhaust system: it’s used to remove the exhaust gas from the engine to the
atmosphere, and we also add a silencer to this system to reduce the noise level of
the system.
Cooling system:
it’s very important in the diesel power station to have a cooling system to
maintain the overall temperature of the engine at an agreeable level, and this
cooling system requires a water source, a water pump which circulates water
through a cylinder, and cooling towers which used to cool the hot water.
Lubricating system: it’s used to minimize the wear of the rubbing surface of the
engine as we store oil in a main lubricating oil tank then draw this oil from an oil
pump to pass through the oil lter to remove impurities.
Engine starting system: it’s used in old conditions as a starter as it uses the air to
push the engine and start an initial rotation until the engine run with its own
power, and the starting methods may be:
a. Self_starters: which used in small diesel engines where motor draws heavy
current and designed to work for continuously 30 Sec after it’s cooled.
b. Auxiliary engine: they are located close to the main engine and driven through a
clutch and gears as the clutch disengaged to start the engine.
c. Compressed air system: which used in large diesel engine and it ’s supplied from
an air tank.
Governing system: it’s used to control the speed of the engine by changing the
fuel provide according to engine load.
Diesel power plant layout:
The layout of the diesel power station illustrates the main and auxiliary components of the
plant and the importance of each component as:
Diesel engine:
Also known as compression ignition engine consists of a cylinder, cylinder head, piston,
inlet valve, an inlet port, exhaust valve, valve spring, cooling ns, wrist nes, wrist pin,
connecting rod, crankcase, crank pin, crank, and crankshaft.
And it’s classi ed into a two-stroke engine and four-stroke engines.
Engine starting system:
It’s an arrangement to initially rotating the engine, we used a compressed air for starting
the engine until it runs with its own power.
Fuel handling system:
We use trucks, railway wagons (barges) or oil tankers to deliver the fuel oil to the plant
site, and we deliver the oil to the main tanks from engine day tanks which capable to store
oil equivalent to 8-hour consumption through strainers.
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And we heat the oil by hot water or steam to reduce viscosity and in order reduce the
pumping power input
Fuel injection system:
We can say that this system is the heart of the diesel engine as it can uses as:
1. Filter the ensuring oil from dirt.
2. Meters the correct quantity of fuel to be injected into the cylinder.
3. Also, regulates the fuel supply.
4. Atomize the fuel oil for better mixing with the hot oil.
5. And nally distribute the atomized fuel properly in the combustion chamber.
Air intake system:
It’s used to transfer fresh air through louvers and air lter to the cylinder by an intake
manifold, and we can t a supercharger driven by the engine between the lter and the
engine to augment the power.
Exhaust system:
It’s used to discharge the engine exhaust to the atmosphere with minimum noise.
We use an exhaust manifold to connect the engine cylinder exhaust to the exhaust pipe to
demand the uctuating pressure of the exhaust line with a mu er or silencer to in turn
reduces most the noise resulted when gases discharged directly to the atmosphere.
There is also a exible tubing system to take up the facts of expansion and isolate the
exhaust system from the engine vibration. And we may also use a heat recovery steam
generator to generate low-pressure steam for process work.
Engine lubrication system:
It’s used to provide su cient quantity of cool ltered oil to give adequate lubrication to
the moving parts of the engine, it consists of lubricating oil tank, pump, lter, and oil
cooler. and it’s classi ed into:
1. Mixed lubrication system: it’s usually used in the two-stroke engine where we
mix a small quantity of lubricating oil in the fuel tank.
2. Wet sump lubrication system: which may be splash system, pressure fed system
or splash or pressure feed system.
3. Dry sump lubrication system: it’s usually used in a large stationary marine
engine where we carry the supply of oil in an external tank with some help of
scavenging pump through a strainer and lter.
Cooling system:
It consists of a water source; a pump which circulates water through a cylinder and head
jacket; and cooling tower in which it can cool the hot water from the engine.
And we must take in consideration when planning for the layout the following:
The approximate dimensions of the equipment.
Location of the equipment and the minimum clearance between each part.
Natural lighting and proper ventilation provision.
The availability of future addition to the building with minimum changes.
Provision for installing at least one spare unit in the future.
And provision for a small workshop, stores, o ce and so on.
Application of diesel power plant:
As diesel power station has a capacity in the range of 2 to 5MW; So, We can use it in many
applications as:
A central station for medium or small power supplies.
And for emergency services as a stand_by plant to hydroelectric power plants

and steam power plants.
We can Use with thermal or hydro_power plants as a peak load plant in
combinations.
For mobile power generation, transportation systems like automobiles, railways,
airplanes, and ships.
A nursery station to transport the power from stations to small power plants, or
supply power to small towns.
It’s economical for industries where they require a small power in the order of
500 KW as it o ers high overall e ciency.
And also used for electrical power generation in capacities 100 to 500 H.P.
Advantages of diesel power plant:
The diesel power station is simple in everything so it has many advantages as:
1. The low initial cost which makes it easy to quickly install and commission it.
2. The design is very simple and requires small space.
3. It can start and stop with quick facilities; as small generators can start and stop in
few seconds without any standby loss in the system.
4. The thermal e ciency is quite higher than other types.
5. We can build it near the load center and doesn’t cause a problem of ash disposal
exists.
6. The size of the plant is quite smaller than steam plants also they have the same
capacity.
7. It’s easy to design it for portable use.
8. The cooling is easy and requires a small quantity of water.
9. There isn’t any di culty with varying loads.
10. Also, the fuel cost required for operation is low.
11. Replacement losses are smaller
12. And it also requires fewer members of engineers.
Disadvantages of diesel power station:
To be fair, as we illustrate the advantages; we will also illustrate the disadvantages of the
diesel plant which are:
1. The higher running costs due to the high cost of the diesel.
2. The general use of this plant is to produce small power requirement.
3. It can’t stand up for a long period of overload conditions.
4. The lubricants cost is high.
5. Complex and high-cost maintenance; which makes the life of the plant small
from 7 to 10 years.
6. Its capacity is only about 50 MW.
7. It’s di cult to construct it for large scale.
8. Also, the noise produced by the plant is high.
Ef ciency of diesel power station:
We all know that e ciency is the output of the process to the input, but here with power
plants we have main three types of e ciency which are:
Economic e ciency: which is the speci c cost of production includes fuel, labor,
materials and services cost; compared to the energy output of the plant for a
de nite period of time.
Operational e ciency: it’s the capacity factor or load factor; which measure the
actual output from the plant compared to the potential maximum output.
Energy conversion e ciency: it closely relates to the heat rate; which is the
quantity of heat required by the electrical generator to generate 1 KWh of
electricity.
So from all this information; we can say that the overall e ciency of the diesel power
plant is between 35_42%, which makes the diesel engine the largest capacity industrial
engines.
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9/19/2018 Diesel power plant (Principle, Component, Layout, Applications)

Decoke separator designs - Air/Steam decoke of furnaces O

Diesel power plant (Principle, Component,

Diesel Engine Marine Power Plant

Lubrication System & Logo Design

Large Industrial Boiler Fuel Oil Ga

Diesel power plant

prime mover or combine a diesel engine with an electric generator to produce

And the diesel power plant produces limited amounts of electricity.

suitable for mobile power generation, railways and ships.

Diesel power plant working principle:

combustion produces the working uid at high_temperature and high_pressure to

convert the heat energy into mechanical energy.

generator and converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy.

expansion, and exhaust.

Components of diesel power plant:

plant let’s illustrate:

the two-stroke or four strokes.

used to inject the clean oil into the engine.

main tank to small dry tank through this strainer.

pump to pass through the oil lter to remove impurities.

clutch and gears as the clutch disengaged to start the engine.

fuel provide according to engine load.

Diesel power plant layout:

plant and the importance of each component as:

connecting rod, crankcase, crank pin, crank, and crankshaft.

And it’s classi ed into a two-stroke engine and four-stroke engines.

Engine starting system:

the engine until it runs with its own power.

Fuel handling system:

oil equivalent to 8-hour consumption through strainers.

pumping power input

Fuel injection system:

1. Filter the ensuring oil from dirt.

2. Meters the correct quantity of fuel to be injected into the cylinder.

3. Also, regulates the fuel supply.

Air intake system:

engine to augment the power.

generator to generate low-pressure steam for process work.

Engine lubrication system:

mix a small quantity of lubricating oil in the fuel tank.

or splash or pressure feed system.

The approximate dimensions of the equipment.

Natural lighting and proper ventilation provision.

The availability of future addition to the building with minimum changes.

Provision for installing at least one spare unit in the future.

And provision for a small workshop, stores, o ce and so on.

Application of diesel power plant:

A central station for medium or small power supplies.

And for emergency services as a stand_by plant to hydroelectric power plants

We can Use with thermal or hydro_power plants as a peak load plant in

For mobile power generation, transportation systems like automobiles, railways,

airplanes, and ships.

supply power to small towns.

500 KW as it o ers high overall e ciency.

Advantages of diesel power plant:

The diesel power station is simple in everything so it has many advantages as:

2. The design is very simple and requires small space.

few seconds without any standby loss in the system.

4. The thermal e ciency is quite higher than other types.

7. It’s easy to design it for portable use.

8. The cooling is easy and requires a small quantity of water.

9. There isn’t any di culty with varying loads.